Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heavy metal contamination

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Heavy metal contamination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Heavy metal contamination"

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Thambavani, Dr D. Sarala, and V. Prathipa V. Prathipa. "Heavy metal contamination in Plants and Soils." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/20.

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Statescu, Florian, and Dorin Cotiusca-Zauca. "HEAVY METAL SOIL CONTAMINATION." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 5, no. 5 (2006): 1205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2006.098.

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Khalid Farooq, Akbar, Hale Wiliam HG, and Athar Alistair D Headley and Mohammad. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils of Northern England." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 4 (January 7, 2013): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6517-swr.

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Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study heavy metal contamination in roadside soils of northern England. Roadside soil samples were collected from 35 sites in some counties of northern England and analysed for four heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc). Their concentrations and distributions in different road verge zones (border, verge, slope, ditch) were determined. Lead concentration was the highest in the soil and ranged from 25.0 to 1198.0 μg/g (mean, 232.7 μg/g). Zinc concentration ranged from 56.7 to 480.0 μg/g (mean, 174.6 μg/g) and copper concentration ranged from 15.5 to 240.0 μg/g (mean, 87.3 μg/g). Cadmium concentration was the lowest in the soil and varied from 0.3 to 3.8 μg/g (mean, 1.4 μg/g). Though the levels of heavy metals in roadside soils were higher as compared to their natural background levels in British soils, their concentrations in general, however, were below the ‘critical trigger concentrations’ for the contaminated soils. All the four heavy metals exhibited a significant decrease in the roadside soils with the increasing distance from the road. The border zone had the highest mean concentration of the four metals whereas the ditch zone exhibited the lowest mean concentration.
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Waseem, Amir, Jahanzaib Arshad, Farhat Iqbal, Ashif Sajjad, Zahid Mehmood, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Pollution Status of Pakistan: A Retrospective Review on Heavy Metal Contamination of Water, Soil, and Vegetables." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/813206.

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Trace heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. In addition to these metals, copper, manganese, iron, and zinc are also important trace micronutrients. The presence of trace heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil, and water can cause serious problems to all organisms, and the ubiquitous bioavailability of these heavy metal can result in bioaccumulation in the food chain which especially can be highly dangerous to human health. This study reviews the heavy metal contamination in several areas of Pakistan over the past few years, particularly to assess the heavy metal contamination in water (ground water, surface water, and waste water), soil, sediments, particulate matter, and vegetables. The listed contaminations affect the drinking water quality, ecological environment, and food chain. Moreover, the toxicity induced by contaminated water, soil, and vegetables poses serious threat to human health.
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Su, Hui, Zhang Cai, and Qi Xing Zhou. "Phytoremediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soils: Advances and Researching Prospects." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.732.

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More and more attention has been paid to soil contamination by heavy metals in recent years. Heavy metal contamination includes heavy metal - heavy metal contamination, heavy metal - organic contamination, and heavy metal nutrient contamination. In particular, soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is the most typical one. In terms of the current remediation technologies, phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil remains popular due to its low cost, environmental aesthetics and in-situ effective treatment. Therefore, screening-out and identification of Cd hyperaccumulators becomes a hotspot in this researching domain. In order to further improve the efficiency of phytoremediation, we have developed a variety of joint remediation technologies. Based on these work at home and abroad, we summed up the studying progress in this field. Some main researching contents and directions of phytoremediation for Cd contaminated soils were also proposed.
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Khushbu, Rachna Gulati, Sushma, Amit Kour, and Pankaj Sharma. "Ecological impact of heavy metals on aquatic environment with reference to fish and human health." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 1471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i4.3900.

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Heavy metals have a high density that is harmful even in low quantity. These metals enter aquatic habitats through various sources, home effluents, including industrial waste, atmospheric sources, and other metal-based businesses, as well as E-Waste. Heavy metal pollution is responsible for degenerating aquatic species, creating physical abnormalities in creatures and contaminating the aquatic environment. These poisonous heavy metals cause a variety of fish ailments like decrease in hatching rate, teratogenesis and bioaccumulation in the tissues etc. The contamination of heavy metals in aquatic bodies and ecosystems has a significant influence on the food chain. Because fish people consume fish, it has an indirect impact on their health. These heavy metals also have a higher impact on the environment because they remain for longer periods and have bio-accumulative capabilities, leading water health to deteriorate. This study offers insight into the disruption of fish and human physiology, their reproductive ability by heavy metals. This review provides baseline data on the heavy metals and aquatic environment, especially fish and human health. The data will increase sensitivity to preventing and managing aquatic environmental pollution, particularly heavy metal contamination.
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Wang, Jing Yi, Jiang Xue Long, and Hong Wei Lu. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Zhuzhou Smelting." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4246.

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To date, environmental issues become increasingly prominent, especially heavy metal (Pb and Zn) pollution of soil. This paper describes the procedure of detecting heavy metal content in soil from Zhuzhou Smelting in order to understand the contamination degree of heavy metals. An extensive soil survey was conducted in the plant include lead and zinc major production areas. Microwave digestion and ICP-AES technology were used to test metal content in soil. The results revealed that the soil in the area had been polluted by Pb and Zn, however, the pollution degree of each type of metals was not identical. In general, the Smelting was slightly polluted by heavy metals, with the highest concentration being in the Zinc sulfide plant. The heavy metal content in deep soil was a little bit higher than surface except for the Zinc sulfide plant. The reason may related to its particular location.
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Ridho Asra, Rusdi, Robi Budi Yandra, and Nessa. "Determination of Heavy Metal Contaminations of Lead and Cadmium in Selected Lipstick Products Sold in Padang City Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v2i1.743.

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The study was aimed at assessing the levels of some toxic metals of lead and cadmium in selected lipstick products sold in Padang city. Four brands of lipsticks were taken which were BL, NK, PS and WD. The lipsticks were grinded and analyzed for heavy metals (lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each sample was destructed by nitric acid and perchloric acid (3:1). Destructed samples were added with sodium hydroxide to liberate ammonia and filtered into a 25 mL volumetric flask. The concentrations of heavy metal were measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that lead heavy metal contamination was not detected. Whereas, the heavy metal contamination of cadmium in lipstick brands BL, NK, PS and WD were 0.2287, 0.2000, 0.1796 and 0.1220 mg/kg, respectively. The study results showed that all metal contaminations of lead and cadmium were not over the limit which were regulated by National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia.
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Sibuar, Agatha Anak, Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee, Jinap Selamat, Mohd Razi Ismail, Soo Yee Lee, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. "Quantitative Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Plants Collected from Perak, Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020731.

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Rice is one of the major crops as well as the staple food in Malaysia. However, historical mining activity has raised a concern regarding heavy metal contamination in paddy plants, especially in Perak, a state with major tin mining during the late nineteenth century. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr) contamination in paddy soils and paddy plants in three districts in Perak. The content of heavy metals was determined using ICP-MS, while the absorption and transferability of heavy metals in the paddy plants were investigated through enrichment (EF) and translocation (TF) factors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to recognize the pattern of heavy metal contaminations in different sampling areas. Health risk assessment was performed through calculation of various indices. The quantification results showed that root contained highest concentration of the studied heavy metals, with As exhibiting the highest concentration. The EF results revealed the accumulation of As, Cu, and Cr in the rice grains while PCA showed the different compositional pattern in the different sampling areas. The health risk assessment disclosed both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in the local adults and children. Overall, findings from this study show that heavy metal contamination poses potential health risks to the residents and control measure is required.
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Yadav, Arti, and Pawan Kumar Yadav. "Pollution Load Index (PLI) of field irrigated with wastewater of Mawaiya Drain in Naini suburbs of Allahabad District." Current World Environment 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.1.15.

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Wastewater irrigation is practiced in outskirts of several cities of India. Enhanced growth and productivity of crops possess threat of heavy metal accumulation while irrigated with wastewater. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in soil flooded with wastewater of Mawaiya drain in Naini region of Allahabad district, using parameter of contamination factor and pollution load index (PLI). Samples of soil were taken from the fields irrigated with wastewater and analyzed for heavy metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The maximum accumulation of heavy metal was observed for iron in soil. Heavy metal contamination is soil was assessed by estimation of contamination factor which was observed for Cu (0.7858), Fe (296.1864), Zn (0.4304), Pb (1.1661) and Ni (1.8912). Pollution load index (PLI) used for assessment of soil contamination and observed that maximum contamination (PLI, 74.31) was in water stressed conditions of summer. Heavy metals concentration in wastewater and accumulation in soil found within WHO limits in present study which may increase if unmanaged wastewater flooding continued.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heavy metal contamination"

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Sabet, Mitra Deliri, and n/a. "Aquatic plants as indicators of heavy metal contamination." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.161814.

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Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb) in the water columns, aquatic plants and sediments of fourteen lakes of varied levels of pollution were measured. Correlation analysis was carried out between heavy metal concentrations in aquatic plants and heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment. The aquatic plants which accumulated heavy metals in their tissues in proportion to that in water and sediments were identified. The aquatic plants studied were: 8/yxa auberti Rich, Cabomba caroliniana Gray, Ceratophyllum demersum L, Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Bron, Chara globularis, Eichhornia crassipes Solmn, Hydrilla verticillata Royle, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr., Ludwigia adscendens (L) Hara, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, Nymphaea stallata Linn, Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, Typha angustata Bony & Chaub and Utricularia aurea Lour. Metal uptake by aquatic plants varied between different species and within the same species depending on lake water contamination levels. The level of metal uptake to a great extent was a function of the environment water metal concentration. Results showed that Utricularia accumulated Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.69, 0.63, 0.69, 0.65 and 0.39 respectively). Hydrilla accumulated Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.65, 0.66, 0.44, 0.72, 0.38, 0.63, and 0.73 respectively). Blyxa leaves accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.74, 0.74, 0.72, 0.60 and 0.82 respectively). Echhornia leaf accumulated only Cr in direct proportion to the overlying waters r2 = 0.81. Nymphaea leaf and Chara did not accumulate any metal in direct proportion to the overlying waters. Roots of Blyxa auberti, Ceratopteris thalictroides, and Eichhornia crassipes contained higher concentrations of heavy metals than their leaves. Roots of Blyxa accumulated Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.91, 0.65 and 0.69 respectively). Echhornia root accumulated Cd in direct proportion to the overlying waters with r2 = 0.90. Nymphaea stem showed no significant correlations between the metal concentrations in the waters and in the plant. Utricularia accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the metals in the underlying sediment extracted by cold hydrochloric acid (r2 = 0.84, 0.51, 0.47, 0.68 and 0.80 respectively). Hydrilla accumulated Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the underlying sediment (r2 = 0.34, 0.37, 0.91, 0.49 and 0.96 respectively). Blyxa accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the underlying sediments (r2 = 0.99, 0.61, 0.82, 0.75 and 0.64 respectively) . Echhornia leaf showed significant correlation between the Cu (r2 = 0.83) and Cr (i2 = 0.88) concentration in underlying sediment and the plant. Nymphaea leaf showed a significant correlation between the Zn (r2 = 0.83) concentration in the plant and the underlying sediments. Roots of Blyxa showed significant correlation between concentrations of Cu, Cr and Pb in sediment extracted by hydrochloric acid and plant (r2 = 0.9, 0.7 and 0.9 respectively). Roots of Echhornia had no significant correlation with the sediment metal concentrations (hydrochloric acid extractable). Two techniques (cold hydrochloric acid extractable and nitric acid extractable) to extract metals from sediment were compared. Based on correlations of metal concentrations in plant tissue and metal extracted from the sediment, it was concluded that the cold hydrochloric acid extractable metal technique is more suitable for determining bioavailable sediment metal concentration in environmental studies. Laboratory studies investigations on the bioaccumulation of Zn and Cu in Hydrilla confirmed that Hydrilla is a good bioindicator of Cu as it accumulated 20360 ug/g dry weight of Cu in 72 hours. Hydrilla showed higher bioaccumulation factor with low concentration of Cu in the solution, in the laboratory studies. Hydrilla was determined to be the best indicator species as it reflected the heavy metal concentration in the environment which was supported by the laboratory studies.
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Brodd, Patrick. "Long term heavy metal contamination from leakage water sediments." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88909.

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Gilbert, Lucy Jane. "Heavy metal contamination in the Black River, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19961.

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Urban river sediments are often contaminated as a result of development and anthropocentric activity, and the Black River in Cape Town is a prime example of a river system suffering from unsustainable development. Methods of deter mining total and background concentrations of selected heavy metals were researched and utilized in the effort to quantify heavy metal concentrations derived from anthropogenic sources in the Black River . The findings were intended for use in the aim of producing sediment quality guidelines (SQG) for South Africa as described in the Water Research Commission Phase I Report; Developing Sediment Quality Guide lines (Gordon and Muller, 2010). The ability of the invasive Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) to uptake and store heavy metals was also briefly investigated to identify its potential as a phyto - remediator in the Black River. Toxicity of the sediment was quantified using the consensus - based mechanistic approach (Gordon & Muller, 2010) whereby assuming that total concentration of a heavy metal is the critical factor in its hazardousness. Sediment samples were divided into grain size and measured by X - Ray Fluorescence and concentrations of the focus elements antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc in the mud fraction were compared with Consensus Based Sediment Quality Guidelines (McDonald et al., 2002). Based on guide line exceedances, the most toxic sample was collected from anoxic sediment conditions at the point where the N2 Highway crosses the Black River. The succeeding high toxic ity risk locations were all within areas slightly downstream of a river convergence or within 50 m of one, specifically the Vygekraal, Jakkelsvlei, Esliekraal and Kromboom rivers. Exceedances were most common for chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc. The least toxic sample was collected 160 m downstream of the Athlone wastewater treatment works, with the one sample collected between these two points also holding relatively low toxicity risk. Concentrations of the selected analytes were also compared to results from a previous study conducted in 2002 on the Black River sediment (Haniff). The comparison suggested contamination has generally worsened in the past 13 years however due to potentially large analytical error from the differences in sample analyses in 2002 and in this investigation; the reliability of the comparative study is limited to general observation. The data implies that the Athlone wastewater treatment works was contributing to heavy metal concentrations in the sediment in 2002, but now in 2015 appears to improve sediment quality. The Water Research Commission Phase I report identifies four ways to assess sediment quality to produce SQG; one of which is to establish normal background concentrations. In this investigation, background concentrations of heavy metals from natural sediment input to the Black River was estimated using two methods, the first was by combining globally recognized average shale values (Turekian and Wedepohl, 1961; USGS, 2000) with results obtained from studies undertaken on virgin soils of the Black River catchment area (Soderberg, 2003; Herselman, 2007) to form what is referred to as Estimated Background Values (EBV). The second method was to measure element concentrations of weakly - acid rinsed and milled coarse grain fraction of the Black River sediments. This was to see whether concentrations of the coarse fraction reflect those of the EBV, and to establish whether this would be a feasible method of estimating background concentrations which takes into account the multiple inputs of natual sediment across the river catchment. It was concluded from the application of the t - test that the coarse grain fraction held similar concentrations to 19 major and trace elements of the EBV with 95% certainty, and were comparable for all the focus elements accept antimony and arsenic. The mud fraction heavy metal concentrations were then applied to three statistical indicators; the Pollution Load Index (PLI), the Geo - accumulation Index (I - Geo) and the Enrichment Factor (EF) in the objective to quantify anthropogenic input using both the EBV and coarse grain fraction results as reference values. All statistical indicators suggest the river is most enriched with cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, which most likely derive from roadside deposit/stormwater drainage and industries. The application of EBV to the statistical indicators revealed relatively little pollution enrichment, whereas the coarse grain results suggested much higher leve ls of pollution enrichment in the Black River. This disparity verifies the importance in selecting/obtaining suitable data sets as screening values for investigating heavy metal enrichment (Gałuszka & Migaszewski, 2012). It was concluded that the coarse grain fraction element concentrations would not be feasible for use as EBV in the case of the Black River. This is due to the large assumptions made whilst using this method, namely that the coarse grain fraction is assumed to derive from the same source as the mud fraction. Due to the known disturbances to natural sedimentation in the Black River, it is doubtful that the fractions come from the same source. Also given the relatively low heavy metal concentration in the coarse grain fraction, it is likely that the majority of the sand in the sediment of the Black River derives from the coastline. Heavy metal concentrations in the water hyacinth and sediments were applied to the Bio - accumulation Factor to identify the potential of the species as a phyto - remediating agent in the Black River. All four water hyacinth samples contained high concentrations of cadmium, and high concentrations of arsenic, nickel and antimony in three samples. Mercury was present (albeit at low concentrations) in three out of the four plant samples, yet was not detected in any of the 32 sediment samples, supporting the conclusions of Buta et al (2011) that the plant has a very strong affiliation to mercury, and that the element has a high affinity to bind with dissolved organic carbon and suspended sediment. The Bio - accumulation Factor revealed the phyto - remediation potential of the water hyacinth is high for antimony, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and nickel. Water hyacinth could therefore be utilized more effectively (with the use of controlled growth) to remediate sediments indirectly by removing heavy metals from the water and preventing them settling into the sediment. Short - term fluctuations in heavy metal presence and kinetic components cannot be conservatively evaluated due to sediment disturbances, complexities within river system inputs and the ever changing environmental conditions. The findings are based on equilibrium status and the conditions at the time of sampling, and are limited to confinements of the reliability of data generated from sample collection, preparation methods and sample analysis. The distribution of metals in sediments of the Black River if not controlled by dredging is generally controlled by the association of heavy metals with very fine grained, organic - rich sediment. In addition, locations of high element enrichment reflect other river inputs which drain from various areas of the Cape Flats, with the most significant being the Esliekraal convergence. Conclusions from the investigation suggest the method of establishing background concentration from the coarse grain fraction could be applicable only to urban rivers which have seen few sedimentation disturbances and are relatively isolated from externa l sources away the local catchment. This method could reduce sampling costs and be used along with the application of other means available mentioned in the Water Research Commission Phase I report to create South African sediment quality guidelines.
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Valencia, Avellan Magaly Genoveva. "Heavy metal contamination of river water : sources, behaviour and remediation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18772/.

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Pollution from metal mining has led to severe environmental damage. The assessment of metals is very complex as they interact with a broad spectrum of biotic and abiotic components depending on physicochemical conditions. Worldwide, discharges from ancient mines are considered one of the major causes of point and diffuse pollution. This thesis investigated the sources and mobility of metal pollution associated with historical mining in a carboniferous upland catchment, located in the Northern Pennines in the UK. From chemical analysis and geochemical modelling I identified metal sulphates and metal carbonates as the main mineral sources of metals. I also demonstrated that metal carbonates are controlling metal mobility, while seasonality is also producing changes in flow and pH conditions, affecting metal concentrations and behaviour. By using speciation modelling, ecotoxicological assessment tools and in situ macroinvertebrate survey I highlighted the dynamics of metals occurring in neutral mine drainage; and suggested the application of environmental quality standards based on bioavailability data within a realistic context relating response of aquatic organisms to river water chemistry and metals. I also evaluated the effects of episodic rainfall on aqueous metal mobility and toxicity to address some knowledge gaps. I found that rainfall conditions did not alter the circumneutral conditions of the catchment, although metal mobility and speciation were affected by the abundance of carbonate and bicarbonate minerals derived from bedrock weathering. I showed that metal toxicity occurred at circumneutral pH, and mainly attributable to zinc. Moreover, I assessed the effects of episodic rainfall in metal toxicity and calculations revealed that short-term fluctuations of metal concentrations are not reflected in the predicted acute toxicity risk to aquatic organisms, underlining the complexity of chemical speciation especially during episodic events. Likewise, I provided a baseline for future mitigation strategies for catchments under risk of metal pollution. Finally, I stressed the importance of the public perception and community involvement in a holistic management of catchments for protecting riverine ecosystems and improving their water quality. Overall, this thesis provides the evidence that a comprehensive metal assessment requires a great understanding of processes and reactions occurring from metal sources to potential endpoint environments (e.g. water, sediments, and biota). For regulatory purposes, technical knowledge needs to be sensibly transferred to the community for achieving an effective integrated catchment management. Findings from this thesis are suitable for the assessment of streams draining spoil waste areas with similar geochemical conditions and inform future management strategies.
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Karapanagiotis, Nicolas Konstantine. "Heavy metal retention by the organic fraction of sewage sludge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342264.

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Sarin, Charoon. "A lux-based bioassay of heavy metal contamination of organic wastes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU123515.

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The luxCDABE genes (i.e. full cassette) were inserted into the bacterial strain used in this study, E. coli HB101, using a multi copy plasmid, (pUCD607). A number of experiments were carried out in this thesis to study the potential of using the biosensor, E. coli HB101 (pUCD607), for ecotoxicity testing. Growth and bioluminescence of E. coli HB101 (pUCD607) were characterised and optimised, as well as the stability of this biosensor to a range of environmental parameters. The biosensors were found to be sensitive to a range of pollutants and provided a highly consistent bioluminescence response under conditions likely to be encountered in environmental toxicity testing. Assessment of the potential of the lux-based bioassay for revealing the combination of toxicities of metals was carried out. This is necessary because samples in ecotoxicity testing may contain a number of types of pollutants. The biosensors showed high sensitivity of response to mixed metals and identified the combined toxicity of the mixture. Biosensor bioluminescence could also be used to diagnose the distinction between toxicity after 15 and 30 minutes exposure. Results suggested that exposure time is an important factor affecting on the toxicity of metals in mixtures. The results from challenging lux-based biosensors with heavy metals with various concentration of Cl- demonstrated the effect of Cl- ion complex formation for metals on the bioluminescence of E. coli HB101 (pUCD607). The bioluminescence response of the biosensor also related to the results from computer modelling (GEOCHEM) and was used to diagnose the effect of Cl- on metal toxicity. The results showed that E. coli HB101 (pUCD607) is sensitive to complexes of metals such as are formed by Cl- ion. Immobilised cells of E. coli HB101 (pUCD607) were used to investigate the toxicity of metals, both singly and in mixture. This work aimed to assess the potential of immobilised cells, as an alternative form of biosensor, for use in ecotoxicity testing. Bioluminescence response of immobilised cells varied with the test solution pH and showed that it has great potential for use in low pH environments. Immobilised cell biosensors demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to identify the toxicity of individual and mixed metals. High levels of bioluminescence of immobilised cells lasted up to 5 hours after bead production, suggesting that biosensor immobilisation increases the flexibility of the toxicity assay.
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Nkqenkqa, Vuyiseka. "Metal and microbial contamination of agricultural soil and the Veldwachters River, Stellenbosch, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2423.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Surface water is used as a source of water supply in many countries, including South Africa. One of the sources of surface water pollution is leachate and surface runoff from landfills. In agricultural soils, the landfill runoff and leachate deteriorate the quality and affect the fertility of soil. The entry of metals and microorganisms from landfill leachate to adjacent environments is through surface runoff due to rainfall. Adverse effects on human- and environmental health triggers a need to monitor and control contaminants in the environment. The aims of the study are to determine the effect of landfill runoff and leachate on agricultural soil and river water (Veldwachters River) running adjacent to the Devon Valley landfill site and to identify potential metal-tolerant organisms in environmental samples collected in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. Samples (agricultural soil, river water and sediments) were collected once a month for a period of six months from the study area for analysis. Physicochemical parameters that are known to have major effects on environmental samples were assessed and the concentrations of various metals (Al, Pb, Cr, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd and V) were also determined by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Soil texture analysis was tested in order to monitor the metal distribution in soils under the influence of environmental factors.
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Ginnever, Rhoda C. "Soil and plant contents of lead and other trace elements with special reference to the influences of parent rock and pollution." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324309.

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Plathe, Kelly Lee. "Nanoparticle - Heavy Metal Associations in Riverbed Sediments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26229.

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Relationships between trace metals and nanoparticles were investigated using analytical transmission electron microscopy (aTEM) and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (aFlFFF) coupled to both multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and high resolution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-ICPMS). Riverbed sediment samples were taken from the Clark Fork River in Montana, USA where a large-scale dam removal project has released reservoir sediment contaminated with toxic trace metals (namely Pb, Zn, Cu and As) which accumulated from one and a half centuries of mining activities upstream. An aqueous extraction method was used to attempt to separate the nanoparticles from the bulk sediment. After analysis of initial results, it was found that low density clays were being selected for in this process and made up a major portion of the particles within the extracts. However, it was also realized that the metals of interest were associated almost exclusively with nano-sized Fe and Ti oxides. In order to more fully examine these relationships, a density separation method, using sodium polytungstate (2.8g/cm3), was developed to separate these higher density oxides from the lower density clays. The heavy fraction was then subjected to an aqueous extraction routine to extract the nanoparticulate fraction. FFF results indicated a smaller size distribution and more ideal fractionation with this method. The aFlFFF-HR-ICPMS profiles for Fe and Ti also matched strongly with the data for the trace metals. The majority of particles analyzed with the TEM were nano-sized Fe and Ti oxides (most commonly goethite, ferrihydrite and brookite), which typically had trace metals associated with them. In many cases, it was aggregates of these nano oxides that were found hosting trace metals. Nanoparticles and aggregates are known to behave differently than their bulk mineral phases or constituent particles, respectively. Nanoparticles are also capable of extended transport in the environment. For these reasons, it is important that their associations with toxic trace metals be extensively evaluated, as they will affect the bioavailability and toxicity of these metals with implications for any type of contaminant sediment relocation, dam removal or metal contaminated site.
Ph. D.
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Mamboya, Florence Alex. "Heavy metal contamination and toxicity : Studies of Macroalgae from the Tanzanian Coast." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6818.

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Books on the topic "Heavy metal contamination"

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Sherameti, Irena, and Ajit Varma, eds. Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14526-6.

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Płytycz, Barbara. Earthworms for monitoring metal contamination. New York: Nova Science, 2009.

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Yong, R. N. Studies in heavy metal contamination of soils. Montreal, Que, Canada: Geotechnical Research Centre, McGill University, 1991.

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Metal contamination: Sources, detection, and environmental impact. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Aspinall, R. J. Heavy metal contamination in soils of Tyneside: A geographically-based assessment of environmental quality in an urban area. Newcastle upon Tyne: Department of Geography, University of Newcastle, 1987.

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Aspinall, R. J. Heavy metal contamination in soils of Tyneside: A geographically-based assessment of environmental quality in an urban area. Newcastle upon Tyne [Northumberland]: University of Newcastle, Dept. of Geography, 1987.

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Mil-Homens, Mário. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in three areas of the Portugese shelf. Göteborg: Göteborg University, Earth Sciences Centre, 2006.

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Heavy metal contamination of water and soil: Analysis, assessment, and remediation strategies. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2014.

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Wilkens, Berend Jan. Evidence for groundwater contamination by heavy metals through soil passage under acidifying conditions. [Utrecht: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, 1995.

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Sanbrooke, K. J. Heavy metal contamination of soils around an abandoned and reclaimed metalliferous mine: a risk assessment. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heavy metal contamination"

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Yang, Dajin, Kai Zhao, Fabrizis Suarez, Lawrence Pacquette, and Daniel Schmitz. "Heavy Metal Contamination." In Food Safety in China, 237–51. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119238102.ch15.

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Migula, Paweł, Grażyna Wilczek, and Agnieszka Babczyńska. "Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination." In Spider Ecophysiology, 403–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33989-9_30.

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Manzoor, Malik Muzafar, Pooja Goyal, Ajai P. Gupta, and Suphla Gupta. "Heavy Metal Soil Contamination and Bioremediation." In Bioremediation and Biotechnology, Vol 2, 221–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40333-1_13.

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Tarannum, Naziya, and Nivedita Chaudhary. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Crop Plants." In Heavy Metals in Plants Physiological to Molecular Approach, 76–91. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003110576-5.

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Oteyola, Ayodeji Ojo, and Folasade Adesola Ola-Oladimeji. "Heavy Metal Contamination from Construction Materials." In Ecological and Health Effects of Building Materials, 113–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_7.

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Silvestre, Wendel Paulo, and Camila Baldasso. "Treatment of Water Contaminated by Heavy Metal using Membrane Separation Processes." In Toxic Metals Contamination, 117–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003138907-7.

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Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal, Usman Iftikhar, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Sana Ashraf, Mujahid Farid, and Tanzeela Kokab. "Strategies to Reduce Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil-Plant System." In Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants, 171–80. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003155089-13.

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Kong, In-Chul, Gabriel Bitton, Ben Koopman, and Keum-Hee Jung. "Heavy Metal Toxicity Testing in Environmental Samples." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 119–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4252-9_5.

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Aljundi, T., T. Jensen, J. N. Gray, and D. Robinson. "Heavy Metal Contamination Detection Using X-Rays." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 465–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0383-1_59.

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Mukherjee, Rashmi, Soumi Datta, Dwaipayan Sinha, Arun Kumar Maurya, and Sambhunath Roy. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Plants An Overview." In Heavy Metals in Plants Physiological to Molecular Approach, 16–49. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003110576-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heavy metal contamination"

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Zhao, Zhiyong, Daniel F. Downey, and Gordon Angel. "Heavy metal contamination in ion implantation." In The fourteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52731.

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Bryninger, Olga. "HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL CLEANING METHODS." In PARADIGMATIC VIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF WORLD SCIENCE. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/21.08.2020.v1.25.

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Sanyal, Santonu Kumar, Joël Brugger, Barbara Etschmann, Frank Reith, and Jeremiah Shuster. "Heavy-Metal Contamination Impacts Au Biogeochemical Cycling." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2279.

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Al-Musharafi, S. K., I. Y. Mahmoud, and S. N. Al-Bahry. "Heavy metal contamination from treated sewage effluents." In WATER POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp120331.

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LEE, AIK HENG, HAMID NIKRAZ, and TSE HUNG YUNG. "BENCHMARKING HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION FOR BROWNFIELD IN MALAYSIA." In Proceedings of the International Conference on CBEE 2009. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295048_0086.

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Pandey, J., K. Shubhashish, and Richa Pandey. "Air-Borne Heavy Metal Contamination to River Ganga (India)." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)250.

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McDonald, B. J. "Characterization of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil Using XRF." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41165(397)258.

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Sun, Yingjun, Ning Ding, Qian Wang, Jian Cui, Guangrong Hao, and Xingxi Shi. "The Simulation of Heavy Metal (Cu) Contamination in Surface Soils." In 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csie.2009.154.

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Cook, Zachary B. "HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION FOUND IN WATER SOURCES THROUGHOUT MAINLAND CHINA." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-290761.

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Jargalsaihan, B. "HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOILS IN THE NALAIKH REGION (MONGOLIA)." In Всероссийская научная конференция, посвященная памяти доктора технических наук, профессора Александра Дмитриевича Потапова. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" (НИУ МГСУ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/978-5-7264-2875-8.2021.65-68.

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The content of heavy metals in soils of the Nalaikh region, in which coal was mined for a long period, was investigated. The purpose of the work was to assess the possibility of ecological safe renovation of this territory. According to the results obtained, the level of contamination of most areas of the Nalaikh region with heavy metals is insignificant and cannot pose a threat to human health.
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Reports on the topic "Heavy metal contamination"

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Pickett, J. B. Heavy metal contamination in TIMS Branch sediments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143020.

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Pickett, J. B. Heavy metal contamination in TIMS Branch sediments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5314447.

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Blake, R., D. Blake, and G. Flowers. A sensitive rapid on-site immunoassay for heavy metal contamination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/254372.

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Zellmer, S. D., and J. F. Schneider. Heavy-metal contamination on training ranges at the Grafenwoehr Training Area, Germany. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10132677.

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Brubaker, K. L., A. K. Draugelis, J. F. Schneider, K. A. Billmark, and R. E. Zimmerman. X-ray fluorescence investigation of heavy-metal contamination on metal surfaces in the Pilot Plant Complex, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/184039.

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Jensen, T. Feasibility study of X-ray K-edge analysis of RCRA heavy metal contamination of sludge packaged in drums. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/754793.

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Jastrow, J. D. Feasibility of using plants to assist in the remediation of heavy metal contamination at J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/207653.

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