Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heavy Ions'
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1
Skupinski, Marek. "Nanopatterning by Swift Heavy Ions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7183.
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Today, the dominating way of patterning nanosystems is by irradiation-based lithography (e-beam, DUV, EUV, and ions). Compared to the other irradiations, ion tracks created by swift heavy ions in matter give the highest contrast, and its inelastic scattering facilitate minute widening and high aspect ratios (up to several thousands). Combining this with high resolution masks it may have potential as lithography technology for nanotechnology. Even if this ‘ion track lithography’ would not give a higher resolution than the others, it still can pattern otherwise irradiation insensitive materials, and enabling direct lithographic patterning of relevant material properties without further processing. In this thesis ion tracks in thin films of polyimide, amorphous SiO2 and crystalline TiO2 were made. Nanopores were used as templates for electrodeposition of nanowires.
In lithography patterns are defined by masks. To write a nanopattern onto masks e-beam lithography is used. It is time-consuming since the pattern is written serially, point by point. An alternative approach is to use self-assembled patterns. In these first demonstrations of ion track lithography for micro and nanopatterning, self-assembly masks of silica microspheres and porous alumina membranes (PAM) have been used.
For pattern transfer, different heavy ions were used with energies of several MeV at different fluences. The patterns were transferred to SiO2 and TiO2. From an ordered PAM with pores of 70 nm in diameter and 100 nm inter-pore distances, the transferred, ordered patterns had 355 nm deep pores of 77 nm diameter for SiO2 and 70 nm in diameter and 1,100 nm deep for TiO2. The TiO2 substrate was also irradiated through ordered silica microspheres, yielding different patterns depending on the configuration of the silica ball layers.
Finally, swift heavy ion irradiation with high fluence (above 1015/cm2) was assisting carbon nanopillars deposition in a PAM used as template.
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Skupiński, Marek. "Nanopatterning by swift heavy ions /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7183.
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Gan, Hin Hark. "Nuclear dynamics in the mean field Vlasov equation." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65536.
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Ma, Yiu Wa. "Fixed bed removal of heavy metal ions by chelating ion exchange." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491880.
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Column runs with varied operation conditions of flowrate, feed concentration and particle size have been conducted to observe the sorption of nickel, copper and zinc by the chelating resin. They all show a typical constant-pattern, steep curve in the first part of the breakthrough curve and the slope would dramatically reduce at a breakpoint such that it would take extremely long time to reach 100% breakthrough level. ~ The Modified Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model incorporated with a timedependent bed capacity has been used together with the Empty Bed Residence Time (EBRT) model to analyze the fixed bed performance under different operating conditions. The Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model (HSDM) and the Shrinking Core Diffusion . Model (SCDM) have been applied to- model the fixed bed performance. Due to the dramatic change in the slope, the first and second parts of the breakthrough curves need to be modeled separately. Comparing the two models, SCDM is more appropriate to explain the sorption of metal ions into the chelating resin. The research has suggested the existence of a Na-loaded outer shell and a H-loaded inner core in the chelating resin. When the moving boundary progresses from the outer shell into the inner core, there is a remarkable change in the ion exchange process, resulting in different kinetics. This explains the sharp change in the slope of the experimental breakthrough curves. A new version of SCDM has been developed to model the progression of the moving boundary inside the resin for the successive resin layers along the whole resin column so as to predict the column' s solid and liquid phase concentration profiles. The new SCDM has. the flexibility of varying the portion of the outer shell so that the behavior of resins with different resin Na contents can be predicted.
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Mayr, Torsten. "Optical sensors for the determination of heavy metal ions." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964444569.
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Evans, Philip Mark. "Fully relaxed heavy ion reactions in the mass 80 region." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3d0dc2d3-81a3-4842-a914-183c76dc4885.
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This thesis describes a set of experiments to investigate the properties of fully relaxed reactions in the mass 80 region. Symmetric and asymmetric entrance channels, leading to similar compound nuclei, have been compared in order to determine the characteristics of the reaction mechanism. The symmetric system 40Ca + 40Ca has been studied at laboratory energies of 197.3 and 230.5 MeV. The fissionlike products were detected by a series of six time of flight telescopes, placed at angles between 10° and 52.4° to the beam, and a Bragg curve spectrometer-multiwire proportional chamber telescope, situated at 30°. Data were collected in both singles and coincidence modes. To complement this measurement, fully damped yields from 28Si + 50,52,54 Cr at 130 MeV and from 28Si + 50Cr at 150 MeV were measured using an array of four avalanche counter-silicon surface barrier detector telescopes spanning the angular range between 20° and 50°. The avalanche counters used in this experiment are of a new design which was developed in Oxford. We present the features of this design and discuss the detectors' operational characteristics. Several possible interpretations of the data are considered. It is shown that diffusion models of deep-inelastic scattering tend to underpredict the measured fully relaxed cross sections. Rotating finite range model calculations of fission barriers point to the possibility of fast-fission in this mass region; a process hitherto associated with much heavier systems. Furthermore, such models also predict that these systems may fission asymmetrically. The more commonly employed rotating liquid drop model of the nucleus is unable to predict either of these effects. The data are compared with those reported in the literature for other systems in this mass region. It is argued that all these results are consistent with fast-fission and asymmetric fission, thus obviating the need for the previously proposed interpretation in terms of intermediate mechanisms.
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Lloyd, Bryony Helen. "Bacterial resistance to tellurite and other metal ions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333673.
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Maier, Michael. "New applications for slowing down of high-energy heavy ions." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972517596.
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Gao, Kezhong. "Interaction between peat, humic acid and aqueous heavy metal ions." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337798.
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Christley, James Alan. "Fusion of heavy-ions at energies near the Coulomb barrier." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314479.
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Gemmell, Patrick. "Improvements in the precipitation of metal ions by magnesium hydroxide." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4653/.
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The removal of many metal ions from solution with bases by precipitation and filtration is well known. Due to it's limited solubility, Mg(OH)(_2) gives many benefits over the other commonly used bases in terms of safety and post-treatment processes such as residual mass and volume. The use of Mg(OH)(_2) as the base in these reactions, however, does not give satisfactory results in many cases, the levels of metal ions in solution after treatment remaining too high to allow discharge into public waterways. In order to aid these reactions, the use of extra reagents along with the base has been studied. These additives take the form of either donor ligands, e.g. PPh(_3), TMEDA, or other metal solutions, typically trivalent metals i.e. Fe(^3+), Al(^3+) or metal oxides i.e. Fe(_2)O(_3), Al(_2)O(_3).Following previous studies where P- and N-donor ligands, used in catalytic quantities had shown great increases in the %age of metal ions removed from complicated, multiple metal ion effluent systems, the reactions of individual metal ion solutions with these ligands showed disappointing results. After testing separate solutions of Cu(^2+) Fe(^2+) Ni(^2+), Zn(^2+), Pb(^2+) and Al(^3+), only Fe(^2+) showed the same improvements seen in the mixed ion systems. Decreases in %age of Cu(^2+) removed were observed for reactions including these ligands .Decreasing removal was seen with increasing ligand addition. This is due to the formation of soluble complexes which are unaffected by the pHs achieved in the reactions. The other metal ions tested showed little change for any addition of these ligand reagents. Addition of equivalent amounts of an easily precipitated metal ion, i.e. Al(^3+) or Fe(^3+), to a more difficult to treat metal ion solution, i.e. Ni(^2+) or Zn(^2+), gave large improvements on the removal of the ions by treatment with Mg(OH)(_2). Tenfold increases in removal of the ions were seen in the reactions, allowing dischargable concentrations to be achieved in far lower times than previously obtained. Addition of the M(III) solutions, while improving the metal ion removal, increased the amount of Mg(OH)(_2) required for treatment. An industrially available additive, containing Al and Fe sulphates, was tested in a similar fashion giving the same beneficial results. The use of identical amounts of base, with and without this additive showed that improvements in removal of metal ions were obtained even over increasing the relative amount of base added. To overcome this problem, the M(III) species were added in the form of oxides, e.g. Al(_2)O(_3). This removed the need for extra base but the results were disappointing compared to the addition of the M(III) ions as solutions, only ~10% increase in precipitation with a tenfold addition of oxide. None of these reactions achieved the Mg(OH)(_2) buffer pH of 10.5 even when large excesses were added. This has been attributed to coating of the solid Mg(OH)(_2) particles by precipitating M(II) hydroxides which prevented dissolution and kept the majority of the hydroxide from taking part in the reaction. The addition of the extra M(III) species provided preferential sites for the M(II) hydroxides to form on and thus allowed the reaction of all of the Mg(OH)(_2) added. The use of ultrasound to improve these reactions, both instead of and as well as the use of additives, was studied and was seen to give further improvement in these reactions. The ultrasound not only provided an increase in the energy of the systems through a general heating of the solution, but the physical forces created aided the break-up of both the solid Mg(OH)(_2) particles and any coatings that may have built up on them. The use of a 16kHz ultrasound probe produced large improvements in the removal of metal ions and when used in conjunction with M(III) additives dischargable concentrations were achieved in only 30 minutes. Through the use of various additives and conditions, Mg(OH)(_2) has been shown to be a viable option in the effluent treatment industry. The reactions were performed mainly on laboratory prepared solutions of the relevant metal ions, with commercially available Mg(OH)(_2) suspensions. The results were obtained from observation of the pH of the reaction mixtures and concentrations of the metal ions remaining in solution after filtration, determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
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Barton, Robert Allan. "Multi-strange hyperon production in relativistic heavy -ion collisions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367744.
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Takagui, Emi Marcia. "Reações perifericas induzidas por ions de 16,18 IND.O incidindo em nucleos de 927r." Universidade de São Paulo, 1989. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-11112013-125051/.
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Foram medidas distribuições angulares e funções de excitação do espalhamento de íons de ANTPOT. 16 O e ANTPOT. 18 O por ANTPOT. 92 Zr a energias Incidentes em torno da barreira Coulombiana, visando estudar a interferência nuclear-Coulombiana na excitação inelástica dos estados 2+ (0.934 MeV), 2 IND. 2+ (1.847 MeV) e 3- (2.340 MeV) do ANTPOT. 92 Zr, bem como na excitação do estado 2+ (1.962 MeV) do ANTPOT. 16 O, Além do espalhamento elástico e dos inelásticos, foram também observadas as reações (ANTPOT. 16 O, ANTPOT. 15 N) e ( ANTPOT. 16 O, ANTPOT. 17 O), com Intensidades comparáveis as das transições inelásticas. Foram obtidas distribuições angulares e funções de excitação também para estas reações. Os resultados experimentais foram analisados com cálculos utilizando a aproximação de Born com ondas distorcidas (DWBA) e com o formalismo de canais acoplados. A análise das distribuições angulares mostra que o padrão da interferência nuclear-Coulombiana na excitação do estado 2+ do ANTPOT. 92 zr, tanto por ANTPOT. 16 O como por ANTPOT. 18 O, somente pôde ser reproduzida introduzindo um forte termo de reorientação nuclear, e ao mesmo tempo uma intensidade de transição nuclear multo maior do que o que seria esperado dos valores de B(E2). A Introdução de reorientação no estado 3- também permitiu melhor ajuste a distribuição angular deste estado. A análise da função de excitação do estado 2+ do ANTPOT. 92 Zr mostra que, para ajustar a região da Interferência nuclear-Coulombiana, é necessário Introduzir um termo de acoplamento dependente da energia incidente. Para as reações de transferência, foi obtido um ajuste multo bom, com DWBA, para a reação (ANTPOT. 16 O, ANTPOT. 15 N). Para a reação (ANTPOT. 18 O, ANTPOT. 17 O), entretanto, encontrou-se grande discrepância entre os calculas DWBA e os dados experimentais são discutidas as possíveis origens de tais comportamentos fora dos \"padrões tradicionais\".Angular distributions and excitation functions for the elastic and inelastic scattering of 16,18 O by 92 Zr were measured at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier, in order to study the Coulomb-nuclear Interference in the excitation of the 2+ (0.93\"1 MeV), 2 2+ (1.847 MeV) and 3- (2.340 MeV) states of 92 Zr, as well as In the excitation of the 2+ (1.982 MeV) state of 18 O. Besides the elastic and inelastic scattering, the transfer reactions ( 16O, 15N) and (18O, 17O) were also observed, with Intensities comparable to the Inelastic excitations. Angular distributions and excitation functions were thus obtained for these reactions as well. The experimental results were analyzed with DWBA and coupled channels calculations. The results from the analysis of the angular distributions show that the Coulomb-nuclear interference pattern in the 92 Zr (2+) excitation, both by 16 O and 18 O, could only be reproduced by Introducing a strong nuclear reorientation term, and at the same time a nuclear transition coupling much stronger than what would be expected from the B(E2) values. The Introduction of a nuclear reorientation term In the 3- excitation also lended to a better fit in the 3- angular distribution. The results of the analysis of the Zr(2+) excitation function shows that It is necessary to introduce an energy dependent coupling term In order to fit the Coulomb-nuclear Interference pattern. For the transfer reactions It was seen that DWBA can describe very well the ( 16O, 15N) angular distribution. For the (18O,17O) reaction, however, great discrepancies were found between the DWBA calculations and the experimental data. The possible origins of such \"uncommon\" behavior are discussed.
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Vasconcelos, Suzana Salem. "Espalhamento elástico e inelástico de ions pesados por núcleo de ANTPOT.64 Zn." Universidade de São Paulo, 1989. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-28022014-115742/.
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A estrutura nuclear do primeiro estado excitado do ANTPOT.64 Zn (J POT.= 2 POT.+, E IND.X = 0.992 MeV) foi estudada através de medidas do efeito de reorientação neste núcleo, e de distribuições angulares e funções de excitação do espalhamento de ANTPOT.16 O e ANTPOT.18 O por ANTPOT.64 Zn na região de interferência nuclear-coulombiana. Foram investigados os processos de interação do núcleo ANTPOT.64 Zn com os íons ANTPOT.16 O e ANTPOT.18 O no espalhamento inelástico sem e com excitação do projétil. O efeito de reorientação na excitação coulombiana observado através do retroespalhamento de ANTPOT.4 He, ANTPOT.16 O e ANTPOT.18 O, permitiu a determinação precisa da probabilidade reduzida de transição B(E2; O POT.+ 2 POT.+) e do momento de quadrupolo estático Q IND.2+ do primeiro estado excitado do ANTPOT.64 Zn. As distribuições angulares e funções de excitação experimentais do espalhamento elástico de ANTPOT.16 O e ANTPOT.18 O por ANTPOT.64 Zn foram analisadas com o modelo óptico. Os resultados experimentais do espalhamento inelástico de ANTPOT.16 O e ANTPOT.18 O pelo mesmo núcleo, na região de interferência nuclear-coulombiana, foram analisados com a aproximação de Born com ondas distorcidas (DWBA) e considerando o acoplamento de canais, com fator de forma do modelo coletivo. Foram determinados os parâmetros de deformação nuclear do primeiro estado excitado 2 POT.+ do ANTPOT.64 Zn e do ANTPOT.18 O.he nuclear structure of the first excited state of 64Zn (J=2+, Ex=0.992MeV) was studied by measuring the reorientation effect in this nucleus, the angular distributions and excitation functions of 16O and 18O scattering by 64Zn, in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region. The interaction processes between the 64Zn nucleus and the 16O and 18O ions in the inelastic scattering, with and without projectile excitation, were also investigated. The reorientation effect in Coulomb excitation, observed through backscattering of 4He, 16O and 18O ions, allowed a precise determination of the reduced transition probability B(E2; O+ 2+) and the static quadrupole moment Q2+ of the first excited state of 64Zn. Analyses of the angular distributions and excitation functions, obtained for the elastic scattering of 16O and18O by 64Zn, were performed in terms of the optical model. The experimental results fot the inelastic scattering of 16O and 18O by the same nucleus, in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region, were analysed by means of both distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) and channel coupling with a collective form factor. Nuclear deformation parameters were thus determined for the 2+1 state of 64Zn and of 180.
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Dey, Gopal Ch. "Application of functionalised chelating resins for selective sorption of metal ions with special reference to heavy metals." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1391.
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Artikova, Sayyora [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Ullrich. "Low-energy ions in the heavy ion storage ring TSR / Sayyora Artikova ; Betreuer: Joachim Ullrich." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1179784480/34.
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Chow, Edith Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "Peptide modified electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemistry, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23354.
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In this research, the determination of trace concentrations of heavy metal ions was investigated using peptide modified electrochemical biosensors. The biosensor has several advantages over atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry by offering greater simplicity in use and the possibility of determining the bioavailability of heavy metals. Oligopeptides were modified on the electrode surface through the spontaneous self-assembly of thiols on gold. Firstly, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was self-assembled onto the gold surface followed by activation of the carboxyl groups using a combination of carbodiimide and succinimide chemistry for coupling of the N-terminus of the peptide to occur. Using this generic strategy, Gly-Gly-His was used for the determination of copper ions. Cu2+ was accumulated at the MPA-Gly-Gly-His modified electrode at open circuit potential followed by electrochemical measurements. The reduction of Cu2+ to form underpotential deposited copper in the Osteryoung square wave voltammogram was used for quantification. The influence of various factors on the performance was investigated and after the optimal conditions had been identified, the biosensor was used for Cu2+ calibration and was applied to the analysis of a real sample. For Cd2+ detection, two different peptides covalently attached to MPA were investigated, g-Glu-Cys-Gly (GSH) and His-Ser-Gln-Lys-Val-Phe, with the latter sensor exhibiting a lower Cd2+ detection limit, higher sensitivity and greater selectivity. Although the success of MPA as a peptide linker to the gold surface had been shown for the detection of Cu2+ and Cd2+, a more viable approach was necessary for the stable detection of a wider range of metal ions. A more stable self-assembled monolayer of thioctic acid (TA) was identified in which human angiotensin I was attached. This alternate modification procedure was superior to MPA-angiotensin I for Pb2+ detection in terms of stability and reusability with the drawback being sensitivity. The newly identified strategy was also applied to the determination of Ag+ using TA-methionine enkephalin modified electrodes. A sensor array for Cu2+ was also investigated as well as an extension to the simultaneous determination of multianalytes using four different modified electrodes. Combining a soft-modelling approach, the responses of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ could be deconvoluted.
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Nakayama, Yohei. "Simulation Study on Enhancements of Energetic Heavy Ions in the Magnetosphere." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/218015.
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Xu, Zitong. "Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution by Alkaline Filtration." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40105.
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An innovative approach for the removal of heavy metal ions such as Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution was evaluated. It was established that alkaline filtration, which is in essence the combination of alkaline precipitation and membrane filtration, could drastically increase both the efficiency and completeness of Pb2+ or Cd2+ ions removal, producing water whose metal concentration satisfying drinking water standard from a simulation wastewater containing 5 ppm or more Pb2+ or Cd2+ ions. Filtration with three different membranes, including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, were studied at three different pH levels, i.e., 7.0, 8.5, and 10, in terms of metal ion rejection, flux, and permeate pH and at varied dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration. Increasing the pH of the feed in the tested range would lead to the decrease of metal ion concentration in permeate while flux was in general unaffected. When the feed pH was 10, the Pb2+ concentration in permeate was below 10 ppb regardless of the DIC concentration and membrane for filtration. The effects of DIC concentration were significant but complex. It was found that MF, UF, NF could all effectively reject Pb2+ ions at pH 8.5 and pH 10 although only NF was charged. A hypothesis was proposed to explain the mechanism of alkaline filtration based on experimental data.
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Vandenbossche, Marianne. "Functionalization of geotextiles by physical methods for heavy metal ions remediation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10093/document.
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Le traitement des sédiments de dragage pollués aux métaux lourds est une alternative à leur stockage sur sites homologués et pourrait permettre la réutilisation des sédiments en technique routière ou en butte paysagère. Le procédé de dépollution envisagé dans ce projet consiste à déposer les sédiments contaminés sur des géotextiles, matériaux présentant une structure poreuse idéale pour la filtration. La lixiviation permet ensuite de rendre mobile une partie des polluants métalliques afin qu’ils puissent être adsorbés par les géotextiles. Cependant, ces matériaux, généralement synthétiques, n’ont pas de capacité intrinsèque à retenir les métaux et doivent donc être fonctionnalisés avec des molécules capables de fixer les métaux lourds. Cette thèse est orientée vers le développement de procédés de fonctionnalisation par plasma et laser, l’objectif final étant d’immobiliser des biomolécules chélatantes à la surface des géotextiles. Ces biomolécules sont fixées par couplage chimique sur des fonctions –COOH obtenues préalablement par greffage d’un agent intermédiaire, l’acide acrylique. La surface des fibres a été analysée à chaque étape de traitement par microscopie électronique à balayage, spectrométrie infrarouge, et par spectrométrie photoélectronique à rayons X, prouvant le greffage covalent de l’acide acrylique puis des biomolécules. Enfin, des tests avec des solutions métalliques ont été effectués afin de pouvoir sélectionner le textile fonctionnalisé le plus efficace pour réaliser des essais à l’échelle pilote. Parallèlement, une étude de modélisation a été amorcée afin d’étudier plus précisément la structure des complexes métal/biomolécule obtenusThe treatment of dredged sediments contaminated with trace metals is an alternative to the current storage in accredited sites and could allow the reusability of sediments in civil engineering. The remediation process considered in this project consists in the deposition of polluted sediments onto geotextiles, structures possessing filtration properties. The leaching then favors the release of metals that can be sequestered by the geotextiles. However, these textile structures are mainly composed of synthetic polymers and thus cannot retain heavy metals. Therefore, they have to be functionalized with molecules able to adsorb metal ions present in aqueous media. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to develop functionalization processes using plasma and laser techniques, in order to immobilize biomolecules with chelating properties at the surface of the fabrics. These biomolecules were immobilized by chemical coupling onto –COOH groups obtained at the fabric surface by the grafting of a spacer, namely acrylic acid. The surface of the fibers was characterized at the different grafting steps by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry: evidence of the covalent grafting of acrylic acid and then of biomolecules was given. Some remediation tests were then carried out in order to select the most interesting functionalized materials for further studies at pilot scale. In parallel, a computational study was initiated in order to determine the structure of the metal/biomolecule complexes
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Vandenbossche, Marianne. "Functionalization of geotextiles by physical methods for heavy metal ions remediation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10093.
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Le traitement des sédiments de dragage pollués aux métaux lourds est une alternative à leur stockage sur sites homologués et pourrait permettre la réutilisation des sédiments en technique routière ou en butte paysagère. Le procédé de dépollution envisagé dans ce projet consiste à déposer les sédiments contaminés sur des géotextiles, matériaux présentant une structure poreuse idéale pour la filtration. La lixiviation permet ensuite de rendre mobile une partie des polluants métalliques afin qu’ils puissent être adsorbés par les géotextiles. Cependant, ces matériaux, généralement synthétiques, n’ont pas de capacité intrinsèque à retenir les métaux et doivent donc être fonctionnalisés avec des molécules capables de fixer les métaux lourds. Cette thèse est orientée vers le développement de procédés de fonctionnalisation par plasma et laser, l’objectif final étant d’immobiliser des biomolécules chélatantes à la surface des géotextiles. Ces biomolécules sont fixées par couplage chimique sur des fonctions –COOH obtenues préalablement par greffage d’un agent intermédiaire, l’acide acrylique. La surface des fibres a été analysée à chaque étape de traitement par microscopie électronique à balayage, spectrométrie infrarouge, et par spectrométrie photoélectronique à rayons X, prouvant le greffage covalent de l’acide acrylique puis des biomolécules. Enfin, des tests avec des solutions métalliques ont été effectués afin de pouvoir sélectionner le textile fonctionnalisé le plus efficace pour réaliser des essais à l’échelle pilote. Parallèlement, une étude de modélisation a été amorcée afin d’étudier plus précisément la structure des complexes métal/biomolécule obtenusThe treatment of dredged sediments contaminated with trace metals is an alternative to the current storage in accredited sites and could allow the reusability of sediments in civil engineering. The remediation process considered in this project consists in the deposition of polluted sediments onto geotextiles, structures possessing filtration properties. The leaching then favors the release of metals that can be sequestered by the geotextiles. However, these textile structures are mainly composed of synthetic polymers and thus cannot retain heavy metals. Therefore, they have to be functionalized with molecules able to adsorb metal ions present in aqueous media. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to develop functionalization processes using plasma and laser techniques, in order to immobilize biomolecules with chelating properties at the surface of the fabrics. These biomolecules were immobilized by chemical coupling onto –COOH groups obtained at the fabric surface by the grafting of a spacer, namely acrylic acid. The surface of the fibers was characterized at the different grafting steps by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry: evidence of the covalent grafting of acrylic acid and then of biomolecules was given. Some remediation tests were then carried out in order to select the most interesting functionalized materials for further studies at pilot scale. In parallel, a computational study was initiated in order to determine the structure of the metal/biomolecule complexes
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Nigam, Mohit. "The Stopping of Energetic Si, P and S Ions in Ni, Cu, Ge and GaAs Targets." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3004/.
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Accurate knowledge of stopping powers is essential for these for quantitative analysis and surface characterization of thin films using ion beam analysis (IBA). These values are also of interest in radiobiology and radiotherapy, and in ion- implantation technology where shrinking feature sizes puts high demands on the accuracy of range calculations. A theory that predicts stopping powers and ranges for all projectile-target combinations is needed. The most important database used to report the stopping powers is the SRIM/TRIM program developed by Ziegler and coworkers. However, other researchers report that at times, these values differ significantly from experimental values. In this study the stopping powers of Si, P and S ions have been measured in Ni, Cu, Ge and GaAs absorbers in the energy range ~ 2-10 MeV. For elemental films of Ni, Cu and Ge, the stopping of heavy ions was measured using a novel ERD (Elastic Recoil Detection) based technique. In which an elastically recoiled lighter atom is used to indirectly measure the energy of the incoming heavy ion using a surface barrier detector. In this way it was possible to reduce the damage and to improve the FWHM of the detector. The results were compared to SRIM-2000 predictions and other experimental measurements. A new technique derived from Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) was developed to prepare stoichiometric GaAs films on thin carbon films for use in transmission ion beam experiments. The GaAs films were characterized using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). These films were used to investigate the stopping powers of energetic heavy ions in GaAs and to provide data for the calculation of Bethe-Bloch parameters in the framework of the Modified Bethe-Bloch theory. As a result of this study, stopping power data are available for the first time for Si and P ions in the energy range 2-10 MeV stopping in GaAs absorbers.
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Manuel, Jack Elliot. "Design, Construction, and Application of an Electrostatic Quadrupole Doublet for Heavy Ion Nuclear Microprobe Research." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062819/.
Full textAbstract:
A nuclear microprobe, typically consisting of 2 - 4 quadrupole magnetic lenses and apertures serving as objective and a collimating divergence slits, focuses MeV ions to approximately 1 x 1 μm for modification and analysis of materials. Although far less utilized, electrostatic quadrupole fields similarly afford strong focusing of ions and have the added benefit of doing so independent of ion mass. Instead, electrostatic quadrupole focusing exhibits energy dependence on focusing ions. A heavy ion microprobe could extend the spatial resolution of conventional microprobe techniques to masses untenable by quadrupole magnetic fields. An electrostatic quadrupole doublet focusing system has been designed and constructed using several non-conventional methods and materials for a wide range of microprobe applications. The system was modeled using the software package "Propagate Rays and Aberrations by Matrices" which quantifies system specific parameters such as demagnification and intrinsic aberrations. Direct experimental verification was obtained for several of the parameters associated with the system. Details of the project and with specific applications of the system are presented.
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Hegelich, Björn Manuel. "Acceleration of heavy ions to MeV-nucleon energies by ultrahigh intensity lasers." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00000660.
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Hegelich, Björn Manuel. "Acceleration of heavy Ions to MeV/nucleon Energies by Ultrahigh-Intensity Lasers." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-6606.
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Wilkinson, H. L. "A study of simple nucleon transfer reactions between heavy ions and '1'9'7Au." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383930.
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Kadara, Rashid. "Development of electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions detection in environmental samples." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398878.
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Naidoo, Fayyaadh. "Graphene modified Salen ligands for the electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7540.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScEnvironmental pollution is a major threat to all life, which needs to be addressed. Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and, persistence in the environment toxicity for living organisms and having a bioaccumulative nature. Environmentally, the most common hazardous heavy metals are: Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. Remediation using conventional physical and chemical methods is uneconomical and generates waste chemicals in large quantities. This study focuses on the extraction and determination of heavy metals (Nickel, Copper and Cobalt) by chelating Schiff base ligands of the type [O,N,N,O] with these metal ions. Two Schiff base ligands [N,N’-ethylenebis(salicylimine)] (Salen) and ligand [1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)-2-propanol] (Sal-DAP) were synthesized and characterised using FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry and GC-MS techniques. Electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions in this work was achieved via ligand-metal complexation via two approaches. The in-situ method in which the metal and ligands were added to the electrochemical cell and stirred to allow complexation to occur and monitored by square wave voltammetry. While the ex-situ approach involved modifying the electrode surface by depositing a thin film of Schiff base on the electrode surface and immersed into a heavy metal solution to allow the complexation. Three modified GCE were used viz. Salen coated GCE, reduced graphene oxide-Salen coated GCE and a nafion-Salen coated GCE. The two approaches used for the electrochemical detection were successful and effective. The ex-situ approach was selected for the modification of the electrode surface since it demonstrated a higher capacity for heavy metal ion extraction.
2021-11-30
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Keleşoğlu, Serkan Polat Hürriyet. "Comparative adsorption studies of heavy metal ions on chitin and chitosan biopolymers/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/master/kimya/T000622.pdf.
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Dietrich, Theo Henry. "The removal of heavy metals from dilute aqueous streams by the use of ion exchange resins." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/887.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1998Ion exchange resins are widely used to remove or concentrate heavy metals from aqueous solutions or slurries.This thesis attempts to properly evaluate the interaction between ion exchange resins and heavy metals at trace metal concentrations.The durability of the resins and their effectiveness in real slurries were also investigated. In this study, a chelating resin, as well as a cation, and anion exchange resin was contacted with aqueous solutions of heavy metals in both free and complexed form. Zinc, nickel and copper cyanide complexes were adsorbed onto the anion exchange resin, while the chelating and cation exchange resins were contacted with zinc and nickel nitrates, and cupric sulphate. All the tests were conducted in batch stirred tank reactors. All the metal cyanide complexes behaved in a similar manner when contacted with the anion exchange resins. These tests were p~rf0nned under variations in temperature, stirring speed, pH., ionic strength and . initial metal 90E~entrations. Fitting of a dual resistance model to the profiles for thetlptllk:e" of the complexes, show that both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion rates were improved with an increase in temperature, and that film diffusion rates improved with an increase in stirring speed. A high ionic strength negatively affected equilibrium loading as well as diffusional rates.It was found that at these low concentrations, the diffusional rates improves with a decrease in the external metal concentration. A comparative study involving the chelating and cation·exchange resins were performed, during which the resins were contacted with the metals in free fonn. It was found that at high metal concentrations, the chelating resin induced a rate limiting effect, but at trace concentrations, this effect is virtually negated. Whereas the cation exchange resin exhibited little selectivity in adsorbing the metals, it was found that the chelating resin prefers the metals in the eu > Ni > Zn. The chelating resin proved to be no less durable then the cation exchange resin, and both slightly lost their ability to adsorb the metal cations as a result of the effects of an inert coarse sand slurry.Tests performed with a real ore leachate, showed the cation exchange resin to be efficient at a low pH , but also relatively non selective, since the adsorption of copper from the leachate was greatly reduced due to the presence of other heavy metals.
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Huerta, Parajon Monica. "Hydrogen atom formation in the gamma and heavy ion radiolysis of aqueous systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hydrogen-atom-formation-in-the-gamma-and-heavy-ion-radiolysis-of-aqueous-systems(2bf0fe0a-b32e-414d-831b-58339df93eeb).html.
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Experimental measurements in conjunction with stochastic simulations are used to determine hydrogen atom yields in the gamma and heavy ions radiolysis of aqueous solutions of formate and deuterated formate ions. In radiolysis, the hydrogen atom is produced directly by the fragmentation of water excited states, and during the diffusion-kinetic evolution of the radiation track by the intra-track reaction of eaq⁻ with Haq⁺ up to the microsecond timescale. The yield of H• is relatively small, but it is fundamentally very important. An accurate examination of the H atom yields after radiolysis will make possible a better understanding of the initial steps of the radiolytic decomposition of water. The competition between H atom combination reactions and its formation by reaction of eaq⁻ with Haq⁺ makes predictions of the H atom kinetics very difficult. Hydrogen atom yields were determined by difference measurements of H2 yields and directmeasurements of HD yields when using deuterated formate as H• scavenger. While the total H₂ yield measured is always greater for alpha than for gamma radiolysis, the H atom yield is observed to be smaller. The addition of selected scavengers of the hydrated electron and its precursors reveals a stronger correlation of the H atom formation on the precursor to the hydrated electron rather than the hydrated electron itself. Scavengable H• yields strongly decrease as the concentration of the electron scavenger increases. Stochastic track chemistry calculations were used to analyze the measured experimental yields and to elucidate the underlying kinetics.
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Toida, Mieko, Akihiro Sugishima, and Yukiharu Ohsawa. "Simulation studies of energy transfer to heavy ions by strong current-driven instabilities." American Institute of Physics, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7096.
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Runacres, Selwyn Mark. "The modification of natural occuring polymers for the removal of heavy metal ions." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340955.
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Nestle, Nikolaus, Martin Ebert, Arthur Wunderlich, and Thomas Baumann. "Long-term observation of adsorbed heavy metal ions in sediment samples by MRI." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-194323.
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Recently, we have reported studies of transport and sorption of heavy metal ions in water-saturated quartz sand columns under relatively fast water flow. In these experiments, clear indications for a fast and strong adsorption of the ions to the sediment could be found. Here we report the findings in a series of other experiments performed under static conditions. In this case, much higher concentrations of ions are adsorbed to the sand and remain immobile over time scales of more than a year. Changes in the MRI contrast observed for the sediment areas with the adsorbed ions indicate rearrangements in the distribution of the ions during the first days after administration to the sediment. EDX-studies of the ion distribution after several days indicate a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of adsorbed ions on the surface of the quartz sand. If the adsorbed ions are subjected to flow, a part of adsorbed ions moves away with the water flow. Also all ions are rapidly accessible to acid leaching.
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Nestle, Nikolaus, Martin Ebert, Arthur Wunderlich, and Thomas Baumann. "Long-term observation of adsorbed heavy metal ions in sediment samples by MRI." Diffusion fundamentals 5 (2007) 7, S. 1-19, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14271.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, we have reported studies of transport and sorption of heavy metal ions in water-saturated quartz sand columns under relatively fast water flow. In these experiments, clear indications for a fast and strong adsorption of the ions to the sediment could be found. Here we report the findings in a series of other experiments performed under static conditions. In this case, much higher concentrations of ions are adsorbed to the sand and remain immobile over time scales of more than a year. Changes in the MRI contrast observed for the sediment areas with the adsorbed ions indicate rearrangements in the distribution of the ions during the first days after administration to the sediment. EDX-studies of the ion distribution after several days indicate a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of adsorbed ions on the surface of the quartz sand. If the adsorbed ions are subjected to flow, a part of adsorbed ions moves away with the water flow. Also all ions are rapidly accessible to acid leaching.
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Alshammari, Suliman. "Flowing afterglow studies of recombination of electrons with heavy Ions using FALP-MS." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S013/document.
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La recombinaison dissociative (RD) est le processus dans lequel un ion moléculaire positif se recombine avec un électron et se dissocie après en fragments neutres. Parmi les différents types de réactions entre ions moléculaires et électrons, la RD mérite une attention particulière à cause du rôle important qu'elle joue dans les plasmas à basse température et de faible densité, telles que celles rencontrées dans les ionosphères planétaires et les nuages interstellaires. En dépit de l'apparente simplicité de la RD, son étude s'est avéré difficile aussi bien du point de vue expérimental que théorique. Afin d'apporter plus de lumière sur ce processus, la technique de la post-décharge en écoulement a été introduite et a été largement utilisée ces dernières décennies. La présente thèse est dédiée aux études expérimentales de la réaction RD, à l'aide du spectromètre de masse à sonde Langmuir (FALP-MS) en post-décharge en écoulement, à l'Université de Rennes 1, à Rennes, en France. Nous avons étudié la réaction RD à température ambiante a été étudiée pour les ions moléculaires d'acétone ( ) et les cations de diméthylamine cations ( ainsi que les vitesses de réaction des cations de triméthylamine ( cations, et nous avons obtenu des valeurs avec des incertitudes de of ± 30 %. De plus, nous avons étudié l'attachement électronique à la diméthylamine neutre et nous avons trouvé une constante de vitesse de = 4.81 x 10-10 cm3 s-1. Un nouveau système d'injection pour l'anneau de stockage électrostatique de KACST a été conçu et construit dans le laboratoire de l'IPR à Rennes. Le couplage de la source d'ions avec un analyseur de masse quadripolaire et l'utilisation d'un système de vannes pulsées assurant un pompage différentiel entre différentes régions de la ligne d'injection constitue une méthode nouvelle dans le contexte d'un anneau de stockage. Le but final de ce projet est l'étude des réactions à ions lourds tels que les ions moléculaires biologiquesDissociative recombination (DR) is a process in which a positive molecular ion recombines with an electron and subsequently dissociates into neutral fragments. Among the different types of molecular ion-electron reactions DR deserves particular attention due to the important role it plays in low-temperature and low-density plasmas such as those encountered in planetary ionospheres and interstellar clouds. Despite the apparent simplicity of the DR reaction, its investigation has proven to be a difficult task from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. In order to shed more light upon this process the flowing afterglow technique has been introduced and utilised extensively for the last few decades. This thesis is devoted to experimental studies into the DR reaction using the flowing afterglow Langmuir probe mass spectrometer FALP-MS at the University of Rennes 1, in Rennes, France. The DR reaction at room temperature has been investigated for the acetone molecular ions ( ) and dimethylamine cations ( as well as the reaction rates of trimethylamine ( cations, and the obtained values were with uncertainties of ± 30 %. In addition, the electronic attachment to neutral dimethylamine was also studied and the rate constant was determined to be = 4.81 x 10-10 cm3 s-1. A new ion injection system system for the KACST electrostatic storage ring has been designed and built in the IPR laboratory in Rennes. The coupling of an ion source with a quadrupole mass analyzer and the use of a gas pulsing system to maintain the differential pumping between different regions of the injection line, is a novel technique for use with a storage ring. The final goal of this system is to study the reactivity of heavy ions such as biological molecular ions
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Sassi, M. "Digital pulse shape analysis in nuclear physics experiments with intermediate energy heavy ions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/58601.
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This thesis work concerns the developments in the field of pulse shape analysis of detector signals to perform particle identification in nuclear physics experiments. Using Sampling ADC it is possible to collect pulse shapes and extract the physic related information using algorithms devoted to pulse shape analysis. A Data Acquisition System based on digital pulse shape acquisition and the analysis algorithms devoted to particle discrimination was designed and developed to study and test with ad hoc software the digital particle identification methods. The possibility to sample the pulse shape of signals from detectors offers additional and more detailed information on particle interactions. In this way it is possible: to extracts the Fast and the Slow components of the CsI(Tl) and BaF2 scintillation light; to obtain good timing performances from different detectors; to measure the Silicon rise time to be used for pulse shape discrimination and to study timing and particle identification in the new LaBr3 detectors. The time measurements using silicon detectors, and scintillators were widely investigate, in particular it was studied an exhaustive study of the digital timing performances of scintillators by varying the sampling frequency was made for BaF2 and LaBr3 detectors. This work shows that using digital pulse shape acquisition and analysis it is possible to obtain good results in particle discrimination usually better than using traditional methods.
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Кульментьєва, Ольга Петрівна, Ольга Петровна Кульментьева, Olha Petrivna Kulmentieva, Олександр Іванович Кульментьєв, Александр Иванович Кульментьев, and Oleksandr Ivanovych Kulmentiev. "Взаимодействие тяжелых ионов с металлами." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17858.
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Dib, A., H. Ammi, M. Hedibel, A. Guesmia, S. Mammeri, M. Msimanga, and CA Pineda-Vargas. "Electronic stopping power data of heavy ions in polymeric foils in the ion energy domain of LSS theory." Elsevier, 2015. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001836.
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ABSTRACT
A continuous energy loss measurements of 63Cu, 28Si, 27AI, 24Mg, 19F, 160 and 12C ions over an
energy range of(O.OG-0.65) MeV/nucleon through thin polymeric foils (Mylar, Polypropylene and
Formvar) were carried out by time of flight spectrometry. The deduced experimental stopping data
have been used in order to assess our proposed semi empirical formula. The proposed approach based
on the Firsov and Lindhard-Scharff stopping power models is provided for well describing-the
electronic stopping power of heavy ions (3 Z < 100) in various solids targets at low energy range.
The '· factor, which was
approximated to be z:i6 , involved in Lindhard, Scharff and Schiott (LSS) formula has been
suitably
modified in the light of the available experimental stopping power data. The calculated stopping
power values after incorporating, effective charge z; of moving heavy ions with low velocities ( v
v0z 13 ) and modified C. in LSS formula, have been found to be in close agreement with measured
values in various solids targets. A reason of energy loss measurements is to obtain
data that help to assess our
understanding of the stopping power theories. For this, the obtained results are compared with, LSS
calculations, MSTAR and SRIM-2013 predictions code.
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Alshammri, Albandry. "QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) ANALYSIS IN √(s_NN )=54 GEV AU+AU COLLISIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent154332321560662.
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Khalil, Ali Saied, and askhalil2004@yahoo com. "Heavy-Ion-Irradiation-Induced Disorder in Indium Phosphide and Selected Compounds." The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070716.140841.
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Indium phosphide (InP) is an important III-V compound, with a variety of applications, for example, in light emitting diodes (LED), InP based photonic crystals and in semiconductor lasers, heterojunction bipolar transistors in integrated circuit applications and in transistors for microwave and millimeter-wave systems. The optical and electrical properties of this compound can be further tailored by ion implantation or prospectively by swift heavy ion beams.
¶
Thus knowledge of ion-induced disorder in this material is of important fundamental and practical interest. However, the disorder produced during heavy ion irradiation and the subsequent damage accumulation and recovery in InP is far from being completely understood. In terms of the damage accumulation mechanisms, the conclusions drawn in the numerous studies performed have often been in conflict with one another. A factor contributing to the uncertainties associated with these conflicting results is a lack of information and direct observation of the building blocks leading to the ultimate damage created at high ion fluences as an amorphous layer. These building blocks formed at lower fluence regimes by single ion impacts can be directly observed as isolated disordered zones and ion tracks for low energy and swift heavy ion irradiation, respectively.
¶
The primary aim of this work has thus been to obtain a better understanding of the disorder in this material through direct observations and investigation of disorder produced by individual heavy ions in both energy regimes (i.e. elastic and inelastic energy deposition regimes) especially with low ion fluence irradiations. In this thesis the heavy ion induced disorder introduced by low energy Au ions (100 keV Au+) and high energy Au (200 MeV Au+16) ion irradiation in InP were investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS/C) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
¶
The accumulation of damage due to disordered zones and ion tracks is described and discussed for both low energy and swift ion irradiation respectively.
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The in-situ TEM annealing of disordered zones created by 100 keV Au+ ion irradiation shows that these zones are sensitive to electron beam irradiation and anneal under electron energies not sufficient to elastically displace lattice atoms, i.e. subthreshold energies for both constituent atoms In and P.
¶
Ion tracks due to swift heavy ion irradiation were observed in this material and the interesting track morphology was described and discussed. The surface nanotopographical changes due to increasing fluence of swift heavy ions were observed by AFM where the onset of large increase in surface roughness for fluences sufficient to cause complete surface amorphization was observed.
¶
In addition to InP, the principle material of this project, a limited amount of TEM observation work has been performed on several other important compounds (apatite and monazite) irradiated by 200 MeV Au+ ions for comparative purposes. Again the observed segmental morphology of ion tracks were shown and possible track formation scenario and structure were discussed and similarities were drawn to the previously observed C60 cluster ion tracks in CaF2 as more knowledge and data base exist about defect dynamics and formation in that material.
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Granata, Valeria. "Design and operation of a cryogenic silicon microstrips hodoscope for heavy-ions and protons." Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402499.
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Kabir, A. "Fusion oscillations in light heavy-ions and the parametrisation of nucleon-nucleon s-matrix." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384380.
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Saloner, David Athol. "A semi-microscopic calculation of the potential in heavy ion collisions." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18602.
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YI, LIU HENG, and 劉恒毅. "Microfiltration Sensing Modulesfor Detecting Heavy Metal Ions." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cq2f2q.
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碩士逢甲大學
自動控制工程學系
107
A polyvinyl chloride nanospun film was produced by electrospinning technology to complete a heavy metal ion detecting device with high surface area and nano scale characteristics. Combined with the automated array centrifugal micro-flow measurement system, it can perform dynamic analysis and measurement on heavy metal ions, speed up sample reaction and detection time, reduce cost, improve detection accuracy and effectively reduce sample usage. Different materials are doped to form nanospinning sensing film to increase selectivity for defecting different ions that can be applied to detect heavy metal ions in the solution. Adjusting the electrospinning and seeking the optimal process parameters can increase the contact area between the heavy metal ions to be detected and the sensing film, and improve sensitivity of heavy metal ions defection. The experiment shows that the electrospinning parameters are prepared by using a working voltage of 11-15 kV, an 100 mm distance between the needle and the collecting plate of 100 mm and a solution advancing rate of 0.2 ml/hr, and preparing a PVC electrospun film in a cylindrical electrode with an inner diameter of 13 mm. The heavy metal content in the liquid can be measured on the centrifugal microfluidic platform, and the copper ions and lead ions in the concentration range of 1-10-4 M are measured, the voltage response of the copper ions is 2.22-0.17 mV, and the voltage response of the lead ions is 1.31 -0.16 mV. In addition to detect medicine ingredients, the system can also be applied to detect multiple heavy metals in foods and water to chech their quality.
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Lee, Cheng-Hsun, and 李政萱. "Monitoring Heavy Metal Ions in Water by Using Ion Exchange Resin Packs." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72047911269205041813.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
104
Unlawful manufacturers have often discharged their wastes secretly and caused severe damages to our environment. These kind of polluting events are usually done unpredictably in a short time without any sign, but the discharges could be highly concentrated and the locations are quite uncertain and dispersed. The goal of this study is to develop the ion exchange resin pack as an environmental fingerprinting method, which will enable the regulatory agencies to monitor and identify illegal polluters, in order to assure irrigation water and soil quality. In this study, inexpensive ion exchange resin packs are developed and deployed for a given period of time in the areas being monitored. After the packs are recovered, we can then determine the amount of heavy metal in ion exchange resin packs and identify the distribution of the hidden pollution sources. This study was divided into two parts, the laboratory experiments and the field testing respectively. The results of the laboratory experiments show that approximately 40% of the heavy metal ions were absorbed onto cation exchange resin from aqueous solution in 30 minutes. There were no significant differences in the percentage being absorbed at various concentrations tested as long as the resins did not reach exhaustion in the range we tested. In the field experiment, we chose Changhua as a study area. There were 151 point sites in two canals and each site was placed three packs for monitoring time for 7, 14, and 21 days. Metal ions in the recovered packs were determined with an Itrax X-Ray fluorescence mass spectroscopy. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to analyze the data which indicated that there were 4 principal components, the natural background (PC1), the background of the monitored area characteristics (PC2), the metal treatment and the electroplating industry (PC3 and PC4). It is expected that these results will provide a good foundation for further research and applications of this monitoring method.
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Chen, Yun-Chieh, and 陳韻潔. "Determination of Heavy Metal Ions by Capillary Electrophoresis." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9gz6rp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
化學研究所
93
Water is an essential substance to human lives. At present, due to the various pollutions caused by humans, the earth’s environment has been damaged severely. Water pollution has taken a turn for the worse and directly threatens the existence of humans and other forms of life. Thus, it is urgent to find a solution to the problem. Developing a method of detecting heavy metal in water is the first step to solving water pollution. There are many developed methods for heavy metal ions detection. Currently, two methods being employed commonly are Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Although these methods are being used widely, there are still insufficiencies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to use capillary electrophoresis to analyze heavy metal ions in water. This technology has been developed rapidly in recent years and possesses a number of advantages such as fast, inexpensive, and convenient. To employ this technology, first of all, we need to precondition the capillary column with 0.1 N HCl for 1 minute, then rinse with water for 4 minutes. Finally, we rinse the capillary column with buffer for 4 minutes. After these preconditions, we inject the sample, which has been added with enough 1, 10-phenanthroline for 5 seconds. Then we use 25 kV voltages for separation. Under ideal situation, which refers to the separation buffer as 50 mM hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.1 mM 1, 10-phenanthroline, we can resolve out cadmium ion, cobalt ion, copper ion, nickel ion, vanadium ion, zinc ion successfully in seven minutes. This method has been applied to actual sample detection successfully as well. The application of this methodology is comparatively convenient and straightforward.
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Lee, Ryonfa. "Chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes irradiated with heavy ions." Phd thesis, 2006. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/710/1/thesis-lee.pdf.
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Because of the increasing use of heavy ions in cancer therapy and for the planning of manned space travels, a realistic estimate of the health risks associated with particle exposure is indispensable. The standard method to quantify the exposed dose and to assess the health risks of radiation is the analysis of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes at the first post-irradiation mitosis at one fixed time, 48 h, after in vitro stimulation. Using this procedure very low RBE values for high LET particles are reported. However, evidence is accumulating that high LET induced cell cycle delays and apoptosis may influence the aberration yield observable in metaphase cells. To address these questions, lymphocytes obtained from a healthy donor were irradiated with X-rays, C-, Fe- and Fe-like particles with LETs ranging from 2-3160 keV/microm and chromosome aberrations were measured in first cycle metaphase cells at multiple 3 h collection intervals from 48 to 84 h post-irradiation. In parallel, aberrations were determined in G2-phase cells and cell cycle progression as well as radiation-induced apoptosis were examined. Analysis of the data sets shows that high LET-induced apoptosis does not affect the observable aberration yield. However, a relationship between high LET induced cell cycle delays and the number of aberrations carried by a cell was found: the delayed entry of heavily damaged cells into mitosis results from a prolonged arrest in G2 and the delay is dose- and LET-dependent. Detailed statistical analysis of the frequency distributions of aberrations among cells revealed a correlation between the selective delay of heavily damaged cells and the number of particle hits per cell nucleus. Altogether, the data demonstrate that the application of the standard metaphase assay 48 h post-irradiation results in an underestimation of the RBE of high LET particles. Application of alternative cytogenetic approaches (G2-PCC analysis, the integration analysis) confirmed this conclusion.
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Liang, Chih-wei, and 梁智瑋. "Preparations of Polyethyleneimines for Trace Heavy Metallic Ions Enrichment." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87522749714917280069.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
化學學系碩士班
98
In this research, it well-known that human were hurt by trace heavy metal. So we utilized the subject of TMPTA-AZ and suitable ratio of Acrylic acid that synthesized crosslinking polymer. It called “polyethyleneimine” that can chelated metal ion forming complex . Crosslinking polymer can insoluble in water base solution. The feature is good, because we need a base to concentrated trace heavy metal. The metal ion usually appears in water solution. We successfully created the TMPTA-Az that can be attached to the silica surface area to increase the chelating efficiency. N-PEI/SiO2 recycles and reuse had a good result for cupric ion (10cycles, 70% chelating efficiency in 20min acid wash; 87% chelating efficiency in 1 day acid wash) and lead ion(10cycles, 60% chelating efficiency in 20min acid wash; 76% chelating efficiency in 1 day acid wash) N-PEI/SiO2 Material properties of cupric ion(maximum chelating efficiency, 0.141Cu2+/N), lead ion(maximum chelating efficiency, 0.135Pb2+/N) concentrations of metal ions, the best time of adsorption(40 min for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ), changes of temperature(83℃ for Cu2+ and Pb2+), value changes of pH(pH5.3 for Cu2+ and Pb2+), and finally discuss the PEI adsorption isotherm.
50
?or?ević, Dragana. "Effect of heavy metal ions on Norway spruce embryos." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-362313.
Full textAbstract:
Aim of this work was to evaluate effect of copper and arsenic on Norway spruce embryogenic cell masses (ECMs) in different concentrations during 14 days proliferation period but as well during maturation and germination stages. Copper in lower concentrations increased the growth of ECMs while in higher concentrations growth was inhibited. Arsenic in concentrations 50, 250 and 500 uM showed very high toxicity and after 14 days proliferation period all ECMs were dead. In experiments with lower concentrations (10 and 25 uM), control had highest proliferation ratio while arsenic had insignificant difference on growth. Cell line I-1-3 had higher proliferation ratio and produced more somatic embryos during maturation in comparison with cell line III-3-3, respectively. After maturation certain number of abnormally developed cotyledonary somatic embryos was obtained. Norway spruce as a fast growing conifer tree is one of the most widely planted spruces and one of the most economically important species in Europe. The results of this thesis can help to understand effect of two tested metals on somatic embryogenesis but as well can be used for investigation of two tested clones in polluted soils.