Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heavy commercial electric vehicles

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Heavy commercial electric vehicles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 31 August 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Heavy commercial electric vehicles"

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Seward, Brett, Alex Gorodisher, and Lorenzo Rubino. "FMVSS 141 for Commercial Vehicles: Applicability and Limitations." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 266, no. 2 (May 25, 2023): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2023_01_1036.

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Newly manufactured light-duty hybrid and electric passenger vehicles must comply with FMVSS 141 minimum sound requirements to reduce the risk of crashes with visually impaired and inattentive pedestrians. Commercial vehicles operate in a variety of noise-critical environments, from densely packed industrial yards to congested urban areas, making safe electric vehicle operation around pedestrians and bystanders vital. Though the market share of medium and heavy-duty hybrid and electric vehicles is projected to increase annually, there are currently no North American regulations specifically for minimum sound emissions of hybrid and electric vehicles heavier than 10,000 lb. GVWR. The primary intent of this paper is to investigate the efficacy and limitations of the current FMVSS 141 requirements when applied to heavy-duty electric trucks. Serving as a complementary test case, a Class 8 Freightliner eCascadia electric truck with onboard Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS) was evaluated at Daimler Truck North America's High Desert Proving Grounds in accordance with the FMVSS 141 procedure for light-duty passenger vehicles. Analysis of the measured data found the FMVSS 141 forward gear criteria to be reasonably effective when applied to the test vehicle, but the standard's reverse gear criteria were deficient to other common industry-accepted backing alert methods. These results are used as a starting point for a discussion on various aspects of FMVSS 141, with an emphasis on how adding commercial vehicles to the scope of the standard could necessitate further changes to the defined acceptance criteria.
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Ross, Matt. "Heavy Hitter." Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology International 2018, no. 1 (July 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1467-5560(22)60323-3.

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It’s an exciting time at Nikola Motor Company as the startup prepares to begin prototype testing of its hydrogen-electric truck at the end of 2018. But for Jesse Schneider, recently appointed vice president of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, the new vehicle and its powertrain are just one aspect of the company’s ambitious plans for the future of emission-free heavy-duty commercial vehicles
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Kampker, Achim, Heiner Heimes, Benjamin Dorn, Florian Brans, José Guillermo Dorantes Gómez, and Chetan Sharma. "Technical and Economic Analysis to Select Suitable Design Parameters of an E-Machine for Electric Commercial Vehicles." Vehicles 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles5010005.

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In the European Union (EU), road transport contributes a major proportion of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, of which a significant amount is caused by heavy-duty commercial vehicles (CV). The increasing number of emission regulations and penalties by the EU have forced commercial vehicle manufacturers to investigate powertrain technologies other than conventional internal combustion engines (ICE). Since vehicle economics plays an important role in purchase decisions and the powertrain of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) contributes to about 8–20% of the total vehicle cost and the electric machine (EM) alone contributes to 33–43% of the drivetrain cost, it is necessary to analyze suitable EM topologies for the powertrain. In this paper, the authors aim to analyze the technical and cost aspects of an EM for electric commercial vehicles (ECV). Based on prior research and literature on this subject, an appropriate methodology for selecting suitable geometrical parameters of an e-machine for the use case of a heavy-duty vehicle is developed using MATLAB and Simulink tools. Then, for the economic analysis of the e-machine, reference ones are used, and their design parameters and cost structures are utilized to develop a cost function. Different use cases are evaluated according to the vehicle’s application. The results for a use case are compared by varying the design parameters to find the most cost-effective EM. Later, an analysis is performed on other decisive factors for EM selection. This highlights the importance of collaborative consideration of technological as well as the economic aspects of EMs for different use cases in ECVs. The method developed in this work contributes to understand the economic aspect of EMs as well as considering their performance factors. State-of-the-art methods and research are used to develop a novel methodology that helps with the selection of the initial geometry of the electric motor during the design process, which can serve to aid future designers and converters of electric heavy-duty vehicles.
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Xu, Xiangyang, Jiajia Liang, Qingjun Hao, Peng Dong, Shuhan Wang, Wei Guo, Yanfang Liu, Zhonghua Lu, Jiantao Geng, and Bin Yan. "A Novel Electric Dual Motor Transmission for Heavy Commercial Vehicles." Automotive Innovation 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-020-00129-7.

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AbstractAs a vital vehicle part, the powertrain system is undergoing a fast transition towards electrification. The new integrated electric drive system has been widely used, especially for passenger cars. In this work, a novel electric dual motor transmission is proposed for heavy commercial vehicles. The transmission scheme is firstly introduced, which can achieve 9 different operating modes including 5 single motor modes and 4 dual motor modes. Then, the mode shift map with minimum energy consumption is designed based on the motor efficiency map and the proposed energy management strategy. The driving power is appropriately distributed between the two motors in dual motor modes under the condition of minimum power consumption. In addition, a coordinated control strategy is developed for mode shift control without power interruption. The results show that the electric dual motor transmission has advantages in power consumption and power shift ability compared with the conventional single motor automated manual transmission.
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Yildirim, Metin, and Serpil Kurt. "Effect of Different Types of Electric Drive Units on the Energy Consumption of Heavy Commercial Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13050092.

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The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation industry, especially for efficient battery–electric trucks, has led to an increase in studies on the efficiency or energy consumption of commercial vehicles. In this paper, average energy consumption was investigated in terms of the effect of different transmission types in vehicle models considering three routes, and the effect of the number of gears on energy consumption for each transmission type was analyzed. Target performance specifications and packaging were also evaluated. The optimal design could be identified in terms of transmission type, the number of gears, vehicle performance, and packaging. Vehicle models with two types of electric drive units (EDUs) were developed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Driving cycles were obtained from collected road load data of municipal, intercity, and regional areas operated by heavy-duty trucks using nCode software. The battery model was developed based on the electric circuit network (ECN) modeling technique. The main research purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multispeed and multimodal EDUs and the number of gears on the energy consumption of heavy commercial electric vehicles from actual road conditions in Turkey. The three-speed EDU was the optimal design, providing 7.83, 7.26, and 7.21% less energy consumption on the three routes, compared with three-mode electric drive units. Consequently, the energy consumption difference was 7.5% for combined real road conditions.
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Danzer, Christoph, Alexander Poppitz, Tommy Pirkl, and Rico Resch. "Electric Drive Concept with Standard Components for Heavy Commercial Vehicles." ATZheavy duty worldwide 14, no. 4 (November 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41321-021-0452-0.

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Park, Ji In, Kawngki Jeon, and Kyongsu Yi. "An investigation on the energy-saving effect of a hybrid electric-power steering system for commercial vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 6 (June 5, 2018): 1623–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018777579.

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This article describes an investigation on the energy consumption of an alternative hybrid electric power steering system. The conventional hydraulic power steering system that is widely used in commercial vehicles can provide high steering-feel and reliability performances. However, since the combustion engine drives the pump, the hydraulic power steering system is energetically inefficient. To cope with this disadvantage of the hydraulic power steering system and to provide a technical base for the steering-related advanced driver assistance system, the Hybrid electric power steering system offers a solution for heavy commercial vehicles. The “Hybrid” of the title means that, for heavy commercial vehicles, the electric power steering system and electro-hydraulic power steering system are integrated in a ball-nut steering system. In this paper, to verify the energy-saving effect of the Hybrid electric power steering system, a dynamic model of the Hybrid electric power steering system was developed to estimate the energy consumption in the steering system. Furthermore, the fuel-efficiency test for the Hybrid electric power steering system were conducted while replacing the two steering systems (the conventional hydraulic power steering and Hybrid electric power steering system) in one vehicle on the chassis dynamometer for the proposed driving cycle. The driving cycle including the steering-angle profile has been developed to clearly investigate the effect on the energy-saving potential by the types of the steering system (hydraulic power steering and Hybrid electric power steering). The simulation results of the energy-consumption estimation showed that the hybrid electric power steering system can reduce the steering-system energy consumption by more than 50% under the proposed driving cycle. Also, the vehicle testing of the chassis dynamometer revealed that the Hybrid electric power steering system can improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle by 1% for the specified driving cycle.
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Liang, Jiajia, Xiangyang Xu, Peng Dong, Tao Feng, Wei Guo, and Shuhan Wang. "Energy Management Strategy of a Novel Electric Dual-Motor Transmission for Heavy Commercial Vehicles Based on APSO Algorithm." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031163.

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With the development of electric vehicles, dual-motor transmission has become a potential alternative for automated manual transmission (AMT) due to the solution of power interruption and the improvement of energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel electric dual-motor transmission (eDMTP) for heavy commercial vehicles is proposed. Then, a 4-layer energy management strategy is developed to optimize dynamics performance and energy efficiency. Subsequently, a real vehicle operation is performed to validate the control strategy and the performance of eDMTP. The results demonstrate that the operating points of the two motors are both in and around the high-efficiency area under normal mode. This research lays the foundation for the development of a pure electric vehicle transmission system.
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Martinez-Boggio, Santiago, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Antonio García, and Pedro Curto-Risso. "High Degree of Electrification in Heavy-Duty Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083565.

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Because of the rising demand for CO2 emission limits and the high cost of fuel, the electrification of heavy-duty vehicles has become a hot topic. Manufacturers have tried a variety of designs to entice customers, but the outcomes vary depending on the application and availability of recharging. Without affecting vehicle range, plug-in hybrids provide a potential for the automobile industry to reach its CO2 reduction objectives. However, the actual CO2 emission reductions will largely rely on the energy source, user behavior, and vehicle design. This research compares a series plug-in hybrid medium-duty truck against two baselines: nonhybrid and pure electric commercial trucks. As well as evaluating and contrasting the different tools to quantify CO2 emissions, this manuscript offers fresh information on how to simulate various powertrain components used in electrified vehicles. According to the findings, plug-in hybrids with batteries larger than 50 kWh can reduce emissions by 30%, while still meeting the 2030 well-to-wheel CO2 regulations. The recommended battery size for plug-in hybrid is 100 kWh, and for electric vehicles it is 320 kWh. The range of a plug-in hybrid is 18% longer than that of nonhybrid, 6% longer than that of a full hybrid, and 76% longer than that of a pure electric powertrain with a fully charged battery.
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Ghandriz, Toheed, Bengt Jacobson, Manjurul Islam, Jonas Hellgren, and Leo Laine. "Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113221.

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Commercial-vehicle manufacturers design vehicles to operate over a wide range of transportation tasks and driving cycles. However, certain possibilities of reducing emissions, manufacturing and operational costs from end vehicles are neglected if the target range of transportation tasks is narrow and known in advance, especially in case of electrified propulsion. Apart from real-time energy optimization, vehicle hardware can be meticulously tailored to best fit a known transportation task. As proposed in this study, a heterogeneous fleet of heavy-vehicles can be designed in a more cost- and energy-efficient manner, if the coupling between vehicle hardware, transportation mission, and infrastructure is considered during initial conceptual-design stages. To this end, a rather large optimization problem was defined and solved to minimize the total cost of fleet ownership in an integrated manner for a real-world case study. In the said case-study, design variables of optimization problem included mission, recharging infrastructure, loading–unloading scheme, number of vehicles of each type, number of trips, vehicle-loading capacity, selection between conventional, fully electric, and hybrid powertrains, size of internal-combustion engines and electric motors, number of axles being powered, and type and size of battery packs. This study demonstrated that by means of integrated fleet customization, battery-electric heavy-vehicles could strongly compete against their conventional combustion-powered counterparts. The primary focus has been put on optimizing vehicle propulsion, transport mission, infrastructure and fleet size rather than routing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heavy commercial electric vehicles"

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Hällman, Oscar. "DC Charging of Heavy Commercial Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119618.

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A solution to reduce exhaust emissions from heavy commercial vehicles are to haul the vehicles completely or partially electric. This means that the vehicle must contain a significant electric energy source. The large capacity of the energy source causes the vehicle to either sacrifice a large part of its up time to charge the source or apply a higher charge power at the cost of power losses and lifetime of the energy source. This thesis contains a pre-study of high-power DC-charge of hybrid batteries from existing infrastructure suited to electric hybrid cars. Following parts are included in the thesis: modeling of a battery pack and a DC-DC converter, formulation of a MPC controller for the battery pack, analysis of charging strategies and battery restrictions through simulations. The thesis results shows that a longer charging time increases the energy efficiency and reduces the degradation in the battery. It also shows that a charging strategy similar to constant-current-constant-voltage charging should be used for a full charge of an empty battery.
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Winkler, Torsten, Zaaijer Rik de, and Christian Schwab. "Energy-efficient steering systems for heavy-duty commercial vehicles." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199785.

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Besides the braking system the steering system is one of the most important systems on vehicles. The reliability and the performance of a steering system decides on the controllability of the vehicle under normal conditions as well as emergency situations. In everyday use the characteristics, the connectivity to assistance systems and the energy efficiency of the steering system become more and more important to fulfill the increasing demands regarding fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and comfort. To meet these demands, new steering systems must be implemented and new technologies have to be developed. This contribution compares different approaches regarding functionality and energy efficiency to give an indication which system is the most promising solution for future front axle steering systems as well as rear steered axles (tag- or pusher axle) on trucks.
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Nennelli, Anjali Devi. "Simulation of heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2259.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 112 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).
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Marmaras, Charalampos. "Charging of electric vehicles at commercial buildings." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100406/.

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The objective of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility of EV charging management for reducing the electricity cost of commercial buildings. A predictive model was developed to assist the commercial building manager reduce its energy bills by predicting the “triad” peak dates and the building’s energy demand. Real weather data were analysed and considered to increase the accuracy of the forecast. The model was evaluated using real “triad” peak, weather and energy consumption data from a commercial building facility in Manchester. To enable the building manager reduce the EV charging costs, a charging control algorithm was developed and its impact on the demand profile and daily electricity cost of a commercial building facility were studied. The predictive model and the charging control algorithm were integrated into a cloud-based Local Energy Management System (LEMS) for the aggregation and flexible demand management of buildings, energy storage units and EVs. The operation of the LEMS was demonstrated through simulation scenarios using real data from a commercial building facility in Manchester. To fully understand the EV integration consequences, the behaviour of the EV drivers and its impact on the road transport and electric power system has been studied. A multi-agent simulation model was developed to simulate the charging and routing behaviour of the EV drivers. The EV drivers were simulated as autonomous agents in a complex environment consisted of an electric power and road transport network. Different behavioural profiles were considered to describe the way an EV driver deals with the everyday challenges.
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Smith, Jonathan Burke. "Optimum hybrid vehicle configurations for heavy duty applications." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1985.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 109 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72).
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Gustafsson, Tobias. "In-Vehicle Execution Environment for Diagnostic Scripts on Heavy Commercial Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192155.

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Today the importance and complexity of vehicle diagnostics are increasing and more systems uses remote diagnostics. Remote diagnostics involves an off-board server that uses a wireless connection to access the diagnostic services inside a vehicle on a remote location. Problems occur because of the remote connections limitations in speed and reliability. This can be solved by executing tasks on an Electrical Control Unit (ECU) inside the vehicle. However, implementing new software in an ECU is time consuming and expensive. An in-vehicle execution environment for diagnostic scripts can make it possible to send these tasks from the off-board systems and execute them on-board the vehicle. This thesis investigates that possibility. A set of requirements for an in-vehicle execution environment are identified together with important decisions that affects them. Restricting the diagnostic services to only passive scripts reduces the requirements. Using a higher abstraction level in the scripts to send diagnostic commands makes it easier to develop scripts, but requires more software to be implemented on the ECU. The choice of script engine is also important and a survey and evaluation of different script engines is performed. Python, Lua, mRuby and ChaiScript are compared and Lua is selected for an implementation used in a case study where the results are validated. This case study shows that the requirements are sufficient to create an in-vehicle execution environment that can execute advanced diagnostic tasks. An in-vehicle script executes more than eight times faster than the same task on the off-board system and decreases the amount of data in the remote communication. Development of a script is more than 20 times faster compared to the development of ECU system software. Before this in-vehicle execution environment can be used on a population of vehicles, investigations needs to be done regarding the requirements for the off- board systems and how the development and usage of scripts should be organized.
Idag ökar vikten och komplexiteten hos fordonsdiagnostik och fler system använder fjärrdiagnostik. Fjärrdiagnostik innebär att en server använder en trådlös anslutning för att komma åt de diagnostiska tjänsterna i ett fordon på en avlägsen plats. Problem uppstår på grund av begränsningar i hastighet och tillförlitlighet hos fjärranslutningarna. Detta kan lösas genom att köra uppgifter i fordonet. Men att göra ny programvara i ett fordon är tidskrävande och dyrt. En exekveringsmiljö för diagnostiska skript kan göra det möjligt att skicka dessa uppgifter från de externa systemen och köra dem ombord på fordonet. I den här avhandling undersöks denna möjlighet. En uppsättning krav för en exekveringsmiljö för diagnostiska skript har identi- fieras. Att begränsa de diagnostiska tjänsterna till endast passiva skript minskar kraven. Med hjälp av en högre abstraktionsnivå för att skicka diagnostiska kommandon blir det lättare att utveckla skript, men detta kräver att mer programvara är implementerad i fordonet. Valet av skriptmotorn är också viktigt och en undersökning och utvärdering av olika skriptmotorer har utförs. Python, Lua, mRuby och ChaiScript har jämförts och Lua valts för en implementering som används i en fallstudie där resultaten har validerats. Denna fallstudie visar att kraven är tillräckliga för att skapa en exekveringsmiljö som kan utföra avancerade diagnostiska uppgifter. Ett skript som körs i fordonet körs mer än åtta gånger snabbare än samma uppgift på som körs på de externa systemet och minskar också mängden data i fjärrkommunikationen. Utveckling av ett skript är mer än 20 gånger snabbare jämfört med utvecklingen av systemprogramvaran i fordonet. Innan en exekveringsmiljö kan användas på en population av fordon måste undersökningar göras om kraven för de externa system som ska hantera skripten och hur utvecklingen och användningen av skript ska organiseras.
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Samarukha, Iryna. "Recycling strategies for End-of-Life Li-ion Batteries from Heavy Electric Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Energisystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280418.

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The master thesis tackles the problem of recycling of end-of-life Li-ion batteries from heavy electric vehicles. The comparative analysis includes review of current global situation with batteries wastes and projections of materials that may be recovered. The transportation, pre-processing and two alternatives of recycling are considered. The modelling includes the evaluation of both economic parameters (revenue streams, costs breakdown) and environmental footprint (energy consumption and sources, water consumption, and emissions breakdown). The costs analysis has shown that transportation of spent LIBs as a hazardous wastes are 5.39 €/(t cells∙km) on distance up to 200 km and 3.60 €/(t cells∙km) if transportation distance is over 200 km. Modelling of recycling alternatives for different battery chemistries shows that the highest revenue is generated from NMC111 batteries in the hydrometallurgical recycling, Batteries without Cobalt and Nickel in electrode composition (LMO and LFP) generate comparably low revenue due to low value of recovered materials. The negative environmental impact of hydrometallurgical recycling, particularly, in emission of GHGs, energy and water use is more higher comparing to pyrometallurgical recycling. However, hydrometallurgy results in recovery of broader spectrum of materials of high quality.
Examensarbetet hanterar problemet med återvinning av uttjänta Li-ion-batterier från tunga elektriska fordon. Den jämförande analysen inkluderar en översikt över den nuvarande globala situationen med batteriavfall och utsprång av material som kan återvinnas. Transport, förbehandling och två alternativ för återvinning övervägs. Modelleringen inkluderar utvärdering av både ekonomiska parametrar (inkomstflöden, kostnadsfördelning) och miljöavtryck (energiförbrukning och källor, vattenförbrukning och uppdelning av utsläpp). Kostnadsanalysen har visat att transport av förbrukade LIB som farligt avfall är 5,39 € / (t-celler ∙ km) på avstånd upp till 200 km och 3,60 € / (t-celler ∙ km) om transportavståndet är över 200 km. Modellering av återvinningsalternativ för olika batterikemikalier visar att de högsta intäkterna genereras från NMC111-batterier i den hydrometallurgiska återvinningen, Batterier utan kobolt och nickel i elektrodkomposition (LMO och LFP) genererar jämförelsevis låga intäkter på grund av lågt värde på återvunna material. Den negativa miljöpåverkan av hydrometallurgisk återvinning, särskilt i utsläpp av växthusgaser, energi- och vattenanvändning är högre jämfört med pyrometallurgisk återvinning. Hydrometallurgi resulterar dock i återvinning av ett bredare spektrum av material av hög kvalitet.
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Khiabani, Amir, and Alanis Daniel Acebo. "Cooling Fan Optimization for Heavy Electrified Vehicles : A study on performance and noise." Thesis, KTH, Flygdynamik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280145.

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Vehicle electrification plays a significant role in the effort to reduce the environmental impact of the automotive industry. Scania is one of the leading manufacturers ofheavy vehicles which is currently moving towards a sustainable transport system by manufacturing a new generation of heavy vehicles powered by batteries. Oneof the major concerns with these vehicles is related to the noise generated by the electric axial fans used in the cooling system. This project was conducted with thepurpose of investigating the factors that positively affect both noise and performance in the electric fans. Based on two different blade design methods and several noisecontrol techniques, 11 fan models were developed. The fan models created with design method 1 are equipped with cambered-plate blades, while the models madewith design method 2 consist of airfoil-shaped blades. Moreover, the performance of these models was analyzed by using theoretical methods and Computational FluidDynamics (CFD). In addition, two empirical approaches were used to estimate the acoustic energy emitted by the fan models. Furthermore, the developed modelswere compared with two commercially available fans. It was found that both design methods provide similar performance in low pressure differences. On the other hand,the efficiency and acoustic energy are influenced by the choice of the noise control methods.
Fordonselektrifiering har en väsentlig roll i arbetet med att minska bilindustrins miljöpåverkan. Scania är en av de ledande tillverkarna av tunga fordon som för närvarandegår mot ett hållbart transportsystem, genom att tillverka en ny generation tunga fordon drivna med batterier. Ett stort bekymmer med dessa fordon är relaterattill det ljud som genereras av de elektriska axialfläktarna som används i kylsystemet. Detta projekt genomfördes i syfte till att undersöka de faktorer som positivtpåverkar både buller och prestanda hos de elektriska fläktarna. Baserat på två olika bladdesignmetoder och flera brusstyrningstekniker, utvecklades 11 fläktmodeller.Fläktmodellerna som är utformade med konstruktionsmetod 1 är utrustade med krökformade plattor, medan modellerna som skapades med designmetod 2 bestårav vingprofil blad. Dessutom analyserades prestandan för dessa modeller med användning av teoretiska metoder och strömningsmekaniska beräkningar. Ytterligaretvå empiriska tillvägagångssätt användes för att uppskatta den akustiska energin som släppts ut av fläktmodellerna. Utöver det jämfördes de utvecklade modellernamed två kommersiellt tillgängliga fläktar. Detta visade att båda konstruktionsmetoderna resulterar i liknande prestanda vid lågtrycksskillnader, däremot påverkasverkningsgraden och den akustiska energin av valet av brusstyrningsmetoder.
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Malviya, Vihar. "Effects of a novel aerodynamic intervention for heavy commercial vehicles on fuel saving and stability." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9707/.

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This thesis presents the research carried out to develop and optimise a novel aerodynamic add-on device for commercial vehicles which would reduce overall fuel consumption without any impact of vehicle aerodynamic stability. A prototype of such a device has been manufactured with existing legal and operational restrictions in view. Additionally, effects of such a device on the rollover stability of a commercial vehicle have been investigated and quantified. This has been done by developing a set of analytical methods to first quantify aerodynamic forces in terms of vehicle shape and flow conditions and then to predict the stability of road vehicles, both using mathematical models formulated using available data.
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Eriksson, Mikael, and Daniel Olovsson. "An Alternative Variable Valve Timing System for Heavy Duty Vehicles." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60153.

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The ability to control engine valve timing has the potential to alter the engine performance over the entire operating range. The outcome of valve timing technology enables the possibility to increase efficiency, lowering emissions, increase engine torque, etc. One of the simplest ways to obtain a variable valve timing is to use cam phasers. The dynamics of a hydraulic cam phaser has been studied, three concepts with the purpose to control such an element has been developed using simulation driven product development. Focus have been on robustness, simplicity and implementation. A final concept using on/off solenoids to control a torque driven cam phaser has been designed and simulated in GT-SUITE which validated its performance and functionality. A dynamic model was built in Simulink which simulated the behaviour of the cam phaser and provided tools for optimizing the rotor design. By combining the knowledge of mechanical- and control engineering at Scania, the development process of such machine elements was effective. The outcome of this thesis has given a new perspective in understanding these components and their potentials.
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Books on the topic "Heavy commercial electric vehicles"

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Hybrid technologies for medium to heavy-duty commercial trucks: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, June 10, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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B, Winkler C., ed. Rollover of heavy commercial vehicles. Warrendale, Pa: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2000.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. Interaction between heavy vehicles and roads. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1993.

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Inspectorate, Great Britain Vehicle. Heavy goods vehicle inspection manual: Explanatory notes on the methodsof inspecting heavy goods vehicles. London: H.M.S.O., 1993.

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Electric vehicles: Technology, policy, and commercial development. London: Earthscan, 2011.

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Inspectorate, Great Britain Vehicle. Heavy goods vehicle inspection manual: Explanatory notes on the methods of inspecting heavy goods vehicles. London: H.M.S.O., 1991.

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Hu, Haoran. Advanced hybrid powertrains for commercial vehicles. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2012.

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Transportation, United States Dept of. Medium-and heavy-duty vehicle R & D strategic plan. Cambridge, Mass: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 2000.

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Inspectorate, Great Britain Vehicle. Heavy goods vehicle inspection manual: Explanatory notes on the methods of inspecting heavygoods vehicles. London: H.M.S.O., 1993.

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universitet, Belorusskiĭ nat︠s︡ionalʹnyĭ tekhnicheskiĭ. International congress of heavy vehicles, road trains and urban transport, 06-09 October 2010, Minsk, Belarus: Book of papers. Minsk: BNTU, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heavy commercial electric vehicles"

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Frank, Thorsten, and James Turney. "Aerodynamics of Commercial Vehicles." In The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III, 195–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20122-1_12.

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Johansson, Marten. "Correctly loaded heavy commercial vehicles." In International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008, 531–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557464.ch41.

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Daberkow, Andreas, Stephan Groß, Christopher Fritscher, and Stefan Barth. "An Energy Efficiency Comparison of Electric Vehicles for Rural–Urban Logistics." In Small Electric Vehicles, 85–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_7.

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AbstractIn many small and medium-sized businesses in rural–urban areas, delivery services to and from customers, suppliers, and distributed locations are required regularly. In contrast to purely urban commercial centres, the distances here are larger. The aim of this paper is to identify opportunities for substituting combustion-engine logistics with lightweight electric commercial vehicles and the limitations thereto, describing an energy efficiency comparison and improvement process for a defined logistics application. Thus, the area of Heilbronn-Franconia and its transport conditions are presented as examples to compare the use case to standard driving cycles. Then the logistic requirements of Heilbronn UAS (University of Applied Science) locations and the available vehicles as well as further electric vehicle options are depicted. Options are discussed for the additional external payload in search of transport volume optimisation without increasing the vehicle floor space. To this end, simulation models are developed for the aerodynamic examination of the enlarged vehicle body and for determining energy consumption. Consumption and range calculation lead to vehicle concept recommendations. These research activities can contribute to the transformation of commercial electro mobility in rural and urban areas in many parts of Germany and Europe.
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Johansson, Mårten. "Improved brakes on heavy commercial vehicles." In International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008, 493–502. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557464.ch38.

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Eisenmann, Christine, Johannes Gruber, Mascha Brost, Amelie Ewert, Sylvia Stieler, and Katja Gicklhorn. "Fields of Applications and Transport-Related Potentials of Small Electric Vehicles in Germany." In Small Electric Vehicles, 127–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_10.

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AbstractThe possible applications of small electric vehicles, i.e., electric cargo bikes and three- and four-wheeled L-class vehicles in transport, are discussed, and potential business models are presented. Moreover, transport-related potentials are analyzed. Therefore, we have utilized a multi-method approach: we conducted qualitative interviews with experts and professionals in the field of light and small electric vehicles and carried out quantitative analyses with the national household travel survey mobility in Germany 2017. Our results show that, theoretically, small electric vehicles could be used for 20–50% of private trips (depending on the model). On these trips, however, they would not only replace car trips, but also trips on public transport or by bicycle and on foot. In commercial transport, these vehicles are particularly suitable for service trips and some last-mile deliveries. If small electric vehicles were to replace a significant share of the transport volumes of motorized passenger and commercial transport, they could contribute to climate protection.
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Hettesheimer, Tim, Cornelius Moll, Kerstin Jeßberger, and Saskia Franz. "Small Electric Vehicles in Commercial Transportation: Empirical Study on Acceptance, Adoption Criteria and Economic and Ecological Impact on a Company Level." In Small Electric Vehicles, 69–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_6.

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AbstractSmall electric vehicles (SEVs) in commercial transportation have the potential to reduce traffic and its impacts, especially in urban areas. Companies, however, are still reluctant to implement SEVs. Therefore, the aim of this contribution is to shed light on the acceptance of motives for and obstacles to the use of SEVs in commercial transportation. Since the use of SEVs is often discussed in the context of innovative city logistics concepts, such as micro-hubs, our aim is also, to explore the acceptance, economic, and ecological potentials of SEVs in combination with micro-hubs. We use a multi-method approach and combine an online survey with in-depth interviews as well as a total cost of ownership (TCO) and CO2 calculation. Analyzing 350 responses to an online survey revealed that around half the companies surveyed have no knowledge of SEVs. This implies high unexploited potential, since 25% of these companies can imagine using them. In-depth interviews with logistics service providers (LSPs) or logistics departments from different sectors revealed that six of the 13 interviewed LSPs would be willing to implement this concept.
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Turner, Daniel, Leslie Anne Nicholson, and Kenneth Agent. "Oversize/overweight commercial vehicle safety." In International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008, 243–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557464.ch19.

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Abinaya, K., Velamuri Suresh, Suresh Kumar Sudabattula, and S. Kaveripriya. "Dynamic Economic Dispatch Incorporating Commercial Electric Vehicles." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 65–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7241-8_5.

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Schultz, Grant, and Luke Seegmiller. "Utah commercial motor vehicle weigh-inmotion calibration." In International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008, 399–409. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118623305.ch32.

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Pantow, Eberhard, David Haar, Andreas Kleber, and Matthias Banzhaf. "Controllable cooling system for heavy-duty commercial vehicles." In Proceedings, 645–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12918-7_48.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heavy commercial electric vehicles"

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Seward, Brett, Alex Gorodisher, and Lorenzo Rubino. "FMVSS 141 for Commercial Vehicles: Applicability and Limitations." In Noise and Vibration Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1036.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Newly manufactured light-duty hybrid and electric passenger vehicles must comply with FMVSS 141 minimum sound requirements to reduce the risk of crashes with visually impaired and inattentive pedestrians. Commercial vehicles operate in a variety of noise-critical environments, from densely packed industrial yards to congested urban areas, making safe electric vehicle operation around pedestrians and bystanders vital. Though the market share of medium and heavy-duty hybrid and electric vehicles is projected to increase annually, there are currently no North American regulations specifically for minimum sound emissions of hybrid and electric vehicles heavier than 10,000 lb. GVWR. The primary intent of this paper is to investigate the efficacy and limitations of the current FMVSS 141 requirements when applied to heavy-duty electric trucks. Serving as a complementary test case, a Class 8 Freightliner eCascadia electric truck with onboard Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS) was evaluated at Daimler Truck North America’s High Desert Proving Grounds in accordance with the FMVSS 141 procedure for light-duty passenger vehicles. Analysis of the measured data found the FMVSS 141 forward gear criteria to be reasonably effective when applied to the test vehicle, but the standard’s reverse gear criteria were deficient to other common industry-accepted backing alert methods. These results are used as a starting point for a discussion on various aspects of FMVSS 141, with an emphasis on how adding commercial vehicles to the scope of the standard could necessitate further changes to the defined acceptance criteria.</div></div>
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Sujan, Vivek Anand, Adam Siekmann, Sarah Tennille, and Eve Tsybina. "Designing Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Corridors for Heavy Duty Battery Electric Commercial Freight Vehicles." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0703.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of wireless power transfer systems, consisting of inductive electrical coils on the vehicle and the power source may be designed for dynamic operations where the vehicle will absorb energy at highway speeds from transmitting coils in the road. This has the potential to reduce the onboard energy storage requirements for vehicles while enabling significantly longer missions. This paper presents an approach to architecting a dynamic wireless power transfer corridor for heavy duty battery electric commercial freight vehicles. By considering the interplay of roadway power capacity, roadway and vehicle coil coverage, seasonal road traffic loading, freight vehicle class and weight, vehicle mobility energy requirements, on-board battery chemistry, non-electrified roadway vehicle range requirements, grid capacity, substation locations, and variations in electricity costs, we minimize the vehicle TCO by architecting the electrified roadway and the vehicle battery simultaneously. The idea optimizes battery size and chemistry so that the depth of discharge between recharge events and expected life are balanced, thus fully utilizing the energy available throughout the course of the battery system's life. The approach is illustrated by applying it to the I-75 freight corridor, where the framework developed may be expanded and applied to a larger interstate system, expanded regional corridor, or other transportation network.</div></div>
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Leon, Jorge, Jose M. Garcia, Mario J. Acero, Andres Gonzalez, Geng Niu, and Mahesh Krishnamurthy. "Case Study of an Electric-Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion System for a Heavy Duty Electric Vehicle." In SAE 2016 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-8112.

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Badheka, Aaditya, Matthew John Eagon, Setayesh Fakhimi, Peter Wiringa, Eric Miller, Andrew Kotz, and William Northrop. "Development of a Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Integration and Implementation (HEVII) Tool." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0708.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As demand for consumer electric vehicles (EVs) has drastically increased in recent years, manufacturers have been working to bring heavy-duty EVs to market to compete with Class 6-8 diesel-powered trucks. Many high-profile companies have committed to begin electrifying their fleet operations, but have yet to implement EVs at scale due to their limited range, long charging times, sparse charging infrastructure, and lack of data from in-use operation. Thus far, EVs have been disproportionately implemented by larger fleets with more resources. To aid fleet operators, it is imperative to develop tools to evaluate the electrification potential of heavy-duty fleets. However, commercially available tools, designed mostly for light-duty vehicles, are inadequate for making electrification recommendations tailored to a fleet of heavy-duty vehicles. The main challenge is that light-duty tools do not estimate real-time vehicle mass, a factor that has a disproportionate impact on the energy consumption of large commercial vehicles. The Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Integration and Implementation (HEVII) tool advances the state of the art in evaluating electrification potential and infrastructure requirements for fleets of commercial vehicles. In this work, the HEVII tool is demonstrated with non-uniformly sampled telematics data from an existing fleet to assess the suitability for electrification of each individual vehicle, determine optimal locations for charging infrastructure to support a fleet of EVs and analyze associated costs. Payload mass is predicted using sparse ground-truth data for all input drive cycles and an initial data analysis is conducted to assess the characteristics driving behaviors and energy consumption of the fleet using an adaptable vehicle model. Battery size requirements are determined by applying a novel charger placement algorithm to maximize routes that are viable for EVs and balance time delays with infrastructure development costs. This work details and demonstrates the different aspects of the HEVII tool, presenting preliminary results from an example use case.</div></div>
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Tang Bin, Jiang Haobin, and Gen Guoqing. "Research on a novel ECHPS system for heavy-duty commercial vehicles." In 2013 International Conference on Mechatronic Sciences, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2013.6885631.

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Emran, Ashraf, Simon Mertes, Shivam Garg, Maximilian Wick, Marius Walters, and Vijay Sharma. "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - An Optimal Solution for Future Electrification of Heavy Commercial Vehicles in India." In 2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itec-india53713.2021.9932475.

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Lajunen, Antti. "Energy Efficiency of Conventional, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrains in Heavy Machinery." In SAE 2015 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2829.

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Beloousov, Boris, Tatiana I. Ksenevich, and Dmitry Izosimov. "Traction Electric Drive for Wheels of Commercial Heavy-Duty Automobile." In 8th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference & Exposition and Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress 2013 (SIMCOMVEC). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2867.

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Siekmann, Adam, and Vivek Sujan. "Optimizing Long Term Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Plans on Freight Corridors for Heavy Duty Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0064.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of a future hydrogen energy economy will require the development of several hydrogen market and industry segments including a hydrogen based commercial freight transportation ecosystem. For a sustainable freight transportation ecosystem, the supporting fueling infrastructure and the associated vehicle powertrains making use of hydrogen fuel will need to be co-established. This paper develops a long-term plan for refueling infrastructure deployment using the OR-AGENT (Optimal Regional Architecture Generation for Electrified National Transportation) tool developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which has been used to optimize the hydrogen refueling infrastructure requirements on the I-75 corridor for heavy duty (HD) fuel cell electric commercial vehicles (FCEV). This constraint-based optimization model considers existing fueling locations, regional specific vehicle fuel economy and weight, vehicle origin and destination (OD), vehicle volume by class and infrastructure costs to characterize in-mission refueling requirements for a given freight corridor. The authors applied this framework to determine the ideal long term public access locations for hydrogen refueling (constrained by existing fueling stations and dispensing technology), the minimal viable cost to deploy sufficient hydrogen fuel dispensers, and associated equipment, to accommodate a growing population of hydrogen fuel cell trucks. The framework discussed in this paper can be expanded and applied to additional electrified powertrains as well as a larger interstate system, expanded regional corridor, or other transportation networks.</div></div>
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Rattighieri, Giuseppe, Michele Trancossi, Nicola Dorigo Salomon, and Dean Vucinic. "Electric Vehicle Improved by Three-Phase Asynchronous Cooled Motor." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18167.

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This paper presents the EVITA electric car. EVITA is the acronym of Electric Vehicle Improved by Three-phase Asynchronous cooled motor. It is a research project developed jointly by RGEngineering and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. It aims to produce a novel electric power train with the capability of solving three fundamental problems of today commercial electric vehicles: 1. direct torque dependency of the rotation speed, and its reduction at high speed regimes; 2. electric motors performances reduction due to the overheating effects under heavy load conditions; 3. acclimatization of the car cabin interior in winter times.
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Reports on the topic "Heavy commercial electric vehicles"

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Booten, Charles, Bethany Sparn, Jeffrey Maguire, Sivasathya Pradha Balamurugan, Michael Duoba, Alejandro Canosa, Jeffrey Munk, et al. Development and Evaluation of Distributed Energy Resource Device Models: Electric Vehicles, Electric Water Heaters, and Commercial Refrigeration Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1660063.

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Muelaner, Jody. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021021.

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While direct electrification appears to provide the most cost-effective route to decarbonization of commercial vehicles, uptake may be constrained by critical metal supply. Additionally, it will be many years before hydrogen power becomes decarbonized or if it can ever compete economically with direct electrification. An electric road system (ERS) could offer a highly efficient and cost-effective route to direct electrification that would greatly reduce the volume of batteries required, but pilot schemes are urgently needed to provide concrete data on operating costs for different ERS technologies. Furthermore, if plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could obtain most of their power from an ERS, liquid biofuels and “electrofuels” may prove useful for occasional off-grid range extension. To achieve extremely long-range for operation in remote locations, liquid fuels remain the only viable option. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles discusses the analysis required to understand the lifecycle energy use for different power options for decarbonized commercial vehicles.
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Walkowicz, Kevin A., Andrew L. Meintz, and John T. Farrell. R&D Insights for Extreme Fast Charging of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Insights from the NREL Commercial Vehicles and Extreme Fast Charging Research Needs Workshop, August 27-28, 2019. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1604308.

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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Electrification. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022029.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Highly automated vehicles are being developed alongside a variety of novel, disruptive technologies and a global focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. ADS can reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency for vehicles powered by traditional internal combustion engines. Electric motors can further raise the bar for both those areas, especially if the power used to charge an electric vehicle is generated from renewable sources. However, implementing electrified AVs requires a viable charging infrastructure. </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Electrification</b> covers issues concerning infrastructure and the electrification of all forms of vehicles: heavy-duty vehicles like trucks and buses, light-duty vehicles like cars and vans, micro-mobility, and new form factors. </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Infrastructure Enablers and Automated Vehicles: Trucking. SAE International, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022017.

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While automated trucking developers have established regular commercial shipments, operations and testing remain limited largely to limited-access highways like interstates. This infrastructure provides a platform or operating environment that is highly structured, with generally good road conditions and visible lane markings. To date, these deployments have not included routine movements from hub to hub, whether on or off these limited-access facilities. Benefits such as safety, fuel efficiency, staffing for long-haul trips, and a strengthened supply chain turn enable broader deployment which can enable movement from one transportation system to another. Infrastructure Enablers and Automated Vehicles: Trucking focuses on unresolved issues between the automated vehicle industry and infrastructure owners and operators that stand in the way of using infrastructure—both physical and digital—to extend use cases for automated trucking to more operational design domains (ODDs). The report also examines opportunities and recommendations related the integration of automated trucking across transportation networks and the supply chain. The topics include road conditions and lane marking visibility, work zone navigation, transfer hubs, and facility design, as well as connected and electric charging infrastructure.
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Konstantinou, Theodora, Diala Haddad, Akhil Prasad, Ethan Wright, Konstantina Gkritza, Dionysios Aliprantis, Steven Pekarek, and John E. Haddock. Feasibility Study and Design of In-Road Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317353.

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Electric Roadways (ERs) or Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) lanes offer an alternative dynamic and wireless charging method that has the potential of giving electric vehicles (EV) limitless range while they are moving. Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are expected to be early adopters of the DWC technology due to the higher benefits offered to these vehicles that are traveling on fixed routes. The goal of this project was to assess the feasibility of ERs in Indiana and design a test bed for in-road EV charging technologies. The most suitable locations for implementing DWC lanes were identified on interstates that are characterized by high truck traffic. Using I-65 S as a case study, it was found that DWC can be economically feasible for the developer and competitive for the EV owner at high and medium future projections of EV market penetration levels. However, the existing substations are unlikely to serve future DWC needs for HDVs. Thus, consideration should be given to substation expansion to support EVs as market penetration expands. Implementing the DWC technology on interstates and jointly with major pavement preservation activities is recommended. Large scale deployment can significantly reduce the high initial investment. Renewable energy resources (solar and wind) deployed in the vicinity of ERs can reduce the electricity costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
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McHugh, Power, and Randell. L51972 Encroachment Monitoring via Earth Observation Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011240.

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The objective of the pipeline encroachment monitoring project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Earth observation (EO) satellites for early detection of third-party encroachment activities. Examples of encroachment activities include road construction, cable laying, farming, and residential or commercial development. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images taken from space-borne platforms were evaluated for use in detecting encroachment activities. C-CORE and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. conducted an encroachment field program near Whitecourt, Alberta. Various encroachment activities, principally involving heavy equipment, were staged and concurrent satellite-based optical (IKONOS) and SAR (RADARSAT) images acquired. These images were then analyzed for signatures of the encroachment events. A total of 22 multispectral and panchromatic IKONOS images and 14 RADARSAT SAR images were acquired. The IKONOS satellite proved to be effective in detecting smaller vehicles (for example, small trucks or Bobcat tractors) in areas that are free from cloud cover. RADARSAT proved effective in the detection of larger vehicles (for example, excavators or dump trucks), linear excavation, deforestation, and the provision of reliable coverage in all weather conditions.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, and Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation? Results from Year Thirteen of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2208.2.

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This report summarizes the results from the thirteenth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,620 respondents completed the online survey from January 31 to March 10, 2022. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, just under half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 58% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 53% thought that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2022, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, and Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation? Results from Year Twelve of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2101.

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This report summarizes the results from the twelfth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,516 respondents completed the online survey from February 5 to 23, 2021. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, roughly half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 62% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 52% think that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2011, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily, and Americans’ experience with COVID over the past year has not disrupted those trends. Finally, support for the tax and fee options varies mostly by most personal characteristics, but there are frequently large differences correlated with age, community type, and political affiliation.
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10

Duvvuri, Sarvani, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.

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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
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