Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heating – Design and construction'
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Lau, Anthony Ka-Pong. "Development of a design procedure for greenhouse solar heating systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28853.
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The techniques of computer modeling and simulations are used to develop a design procedure for greenhouse solar heating systems.
In this study a flexible computer program was written based on mathematical models that describe the various subsystems of the solar heating system that uses the greenhouse as the solar collector. Extensive simulation runs were carried out for predicting system thermal performance, and subsequently correlations were established between dimensionless variables and long term system performance.
The combined greenhouse thermal environment - thermal storage model along with the empirical relationships and the values of constants approximated in the simulation yielded reasonably accurate computed results compared to observed data. The computer model was then applied to predict the system behaviour using long-term average climatological data as forcing functions. A parametric study was made to investigate the effects of various factors pertinent to greenhouse construction and thermal energy storage characteristics on system performance. The key performance indices were defined in terms of the 'total solar contribution' and the 'solar heating fraction'.
Correlations were developed between monthly solar load ratio and total solar contribution, and between total solar contribution and solar heating fraction. The result is a simplified design method that covers a number of alternative design options. It requires users to obtain monthly average climatological data and determine the solar heating fraction in a sequence of computational steps.
A crop photosynthesis model was used to compute the net photosynthetic rate of a greenhouse tomato canopy; the result may be used to compare crop performance under different aerial environments in greenhouses equipped with a solar heating system. This research program had attempted to generate technical information for a number of design alternatives, and as design optimization of greenhouse solar heating is subject to three major criteria of evaluation: thermal performance, crop yield and cost, recommendations were put forward for future work on economic analysis as the final step required for selecting the most cost effective solution for a given design problem.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
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Eisenstein, Jessica A. (Jessica Ann). "Design and construction of a Helmholtz coil apparatus for nanoparticle heating." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36307.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-51).
Manipulating biomolecules can lead to better understanding how specific biological components function and can result in new therapeutic techniques. Biomolecules are manipulated by magnetically heating conductive nanoparticles attached to biomolecules within a radio frequency magnetic field generated by a coil. Currently, researchers monitor the effectiveness of this heating with UV/Visible spectroscopy. However, fluorescence spectroscopy would provide a more sensitive and versatile way to monitor the effects of magnetic heating. By using a Helmholtz coil pair, I have successfully created a coil set-up that can manipulate a sample of biomolecules within a fluorometer.
by Jessica A. Eisenstein.
S.B.
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A, Monfared Behzad. "Design and Construction of a Small Ammonia Heat Pump." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-64411.
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In view of the fact that most of the synthetic refrigerants, in case of leakage or release, are harmful to the environment by contributing in global warming or depleting stratospheric ozone layer, many research works have been done recently to find alternative refrigerants posing no or negligible threat to the environment. Among alternative refrigerants, ammonia, a natural refrigerant with zero Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), can be a sensible choice.Although ammonia has been used for many years in large industrial systems, its application in small units is rare. In this project a small heat pump with about 7 kW heating capacity at -5 °C and +40 °C evaporation and condensation temperatures is designed and built to work with ammonia as refrigerant. The heat pump is expected to produce enough heat to keep a single-family house warm in Sweden and to provide tap hot water for the house. After successful completion of this project, it is planned to install the heat pump in a house to test it throughout a heating season to study its performance in real working conditions.Since ammonia is flammable and toxic in high concentrations, the refrigerant charge is tried to be kept low in the heat pump to reduce the risk of fire or poisoning in case of unwanted release of refrigerant to the surroundings. The compact design of the heat pump helps reducing the refrigerant charge. Besides, considering the limited space normally reserved for installation of a heat pump in a house, the compact design of the heat pump is necessary.
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Tanner, Maria E. (Maria Elisa) 1983. "Design and construction of an apparatus for induction heating for controlling DNA hybridization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32790.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 40).
The purpose of this investigation was to design and construct a coil that could be used to selectively heat nanoparticles attached to "molecular beacons" or DNA loop/hairpin structures. Testing was conducted to see if the heat would be sufficient to open the molecular beacon by dehybridizing the dsDNA. This was accomplished by developing a series of seven coils that were tested using a network analyzer and through scans conducted on a fluorometer. The initial design requirements for the coil were that it needed to heat the nanoparticle, should be suitable for optical testing, and require a relatively small sample volume. At the end of the design and testing period, however, a coil that met these requirements was not successfully constructed, but two additional design requirements were developed. Through temperature testing, it was realized that the primary heating of the solution was occurring due to the coil being heated through the power. As a result, a coil that eliminates this source of power dissipation needs to be developed through the use of an air gap, water bath, or similar application, which can draw some of the heat away from the solution. Secondly, in constructing the coils, each was wound tightly so that there was a minimal gap between each loop. However, experiments showed that the proximity effect on resistance could not be neglected. This provided information on future possible designs. Therefore, the coil should be wound so that there is at least one wire's width of gap between each loop.
by Maria E. Tanner.
S.B.
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Neale, James Richard Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Experimental and numerical investigation of noise generation from the expansion of high velocity HVAC flows on board ocean going fast ferries." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28371.
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This thesis details a study of strategies used to limit the flow generated noise encountered in the outlet diffusers of high velocity heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) duct systems. The underlying noise rating criterion is drawn from the specifications covering ocean going aluminium fast ferries. Although directed primarily towards the fast ferry industry the results presented herein are applicable to other niche high velocity HVAC applications. Experimental tests have been conducted to prove the viability of a high velocity HVAC duct system in meeting airflow requirements whilst maintaining acceptable passenger cabin noise levels. A 50 mm diameter circular jet of air was expanded using a primary conical diffuser with a variety of secondary outlet configurations. Noise measurements were taken across a velocity range of 15 to 60 m/s. An optimum outlet design has been experimentally identified by varying the diffuser angle, outlet duct length and the termination grill. A 4 to 5 fold reduction in required duct area was achieved with the use of a distribution velocity of 20 to 30 ms-1, without exceeding the prescribed passenger cabin noise criteria. The geometric configuration of the diffuser outlet assembly was found to have a pronounced effect on the noise spectrum radiating from the duct outlet. The development of a numerical model capable of predicting the flow induced noise generated by airflow exiting a ventilation duct is also documented. The model employs a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) CFD model to calculate the turbulent flow field through the duct diffuser section and outlet. The flow-generated noise is then calculated using a far field acoustic postprocessor based on the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings integral based formulation of Lighthill???s acoustic analogy. Time varying flow field variables are used to calculate the fluctuating noise sources located at the duct outlet and the resulting far field sound pressure levels. This result is then used to calculate the corresponding far field sound intensity and sound power levels. The numerical acoustic model has been verified and validated against the measured experimental results for multiple outlet diffuser configurations.
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Fernandez-Munoz, Raul. "Design of solar power plant with coupled thermal storage." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16722.
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Cowart, Karl K. "A method for integrating aeroheating into conceptual reuable launch vehicle design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12339.
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Terrell, Mark A. "Analyzing, evaluating, and quantifying the thermal energy contributions of the passive solar-heating elements incorporated in the design and construction of the Plumblee residence located in Alamance County, NC." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1195.
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Currently, nationwide efforts are being made to help policymakers, construction professionals and consumers become more aware of the benefits of incorporating sustainable energy principles in residential building design and construction (Miller 1996). Any success in applying these principles is the result of effective communication by design professionals to builders and homeowners in understanding cost benefit tradeoffs for using sustainable energies in homes. The Gordon and Janice Plumblee Residence, located on 1742 Routh Road in Burlington, NC, is an example of how passive solar-heating design elements, along with simple conventional construction techniques, have created a comfortable, affordable, and low-energy consumption home. This report evaluates the passive solar and energy conservative elements incorporated in the Plumblee Home and quantifies the significance of each element energy contribution. A model of the thermal performance of the home is compared to the actual performance. The accuracy of the model is verified. The modeling software is used to perform a sensitivity study of the thermal performance. An analysis of the construction methods and materials used is presented.
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Fu, Yan. "Modelling of ducted ventilation system in agricultural structures." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60519.
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Air distribution ducts are used in the environmental control of livestock and poultry building as well as the conditioning of most agricultural produce.In order to simplify the approach to the design of ventilation ducts, a mathematical equation has been derived to describe the average air velocity of a duct.
The primary objective of the research work was to test goodness of fit of an equation describing the average air velocity of perforated ventilation ducts, under balanced as well as unbalanced air distribution: $V = H sb{o}{X over L} + (V sb{L}-H sb{o}) {X sp2 over L sp2}$.
This equation was successfully tested using data measured from 14 ducts of constant cross-sectional area, built of wood or polyethylene with outlets of various shapes and aperture ratios. Results indicated that aperture ratio and distance along the duct are the two most significant factors influencing the average duct air velocity values, but material and outlet shape had little effect.
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MacKinnon, Ian R. (Ian Roderick) 1964. "Air distribution from ventilation ducts." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59655.
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A wooden, perforated, uniform cross-section duct was examined to determine the optimum levels of aperture ratio and fan speed with respect to uniformity of discharge. The optimum aperture ratio for the 8.54 m long duct was 1.0 with a uniformity coefficient of 90.28%. The fan speed had little effect on the uniformity of discharge. The friction factor was experimentally determined to be 0.048 for a non-perforated duct and this value was assumed to be the same for a perforated duct of similar construction. A kinetic energy correction factor was used to analyze the flow in the duct. Values for this correction factor were determined from experimental data. Values of the coefficient of discharge and the total duct energy were calculated. A mathematical model was proposed based on the conservation of momentum and the Bernoulli's equation. The model responded favourably and predicted the duct velocity nearly perfectly and slightly underestimated the total duct energy.
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Kamanzi, Janvier. "Thermal electric solar power conversion panel development." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2527.
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Thesis (DTech (Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The world has been experiencing energy-related problems following pressuring energy demands which go along with the global economy growth. These problems can be phrased in three paradoxical statements: Firstly, in spite of a massive and costless solar energy, global unprecedented energy crisis has prevailed, resulting in skyrocketing costs. Secondly, though the sun releases a clean energy, yet conventional plants are mainly being run on unclean energy sources despite their part in the climate changes and global warming. Thirdly, while a negligible percentage of the solar energy is used for power generation purposes, it is not optimally exploited since more than its half is wasted in the form of heat which contributes to lowering efficiency of solar cells and causes their premature degradation and anticipated ageing. The research is geared at addressing the issue related to unsatisfactory efficiencies and anticipated ageing of solar modules. The methodology adopted to achieve the research aim consisted of a literature survey which in turn inspired the devising of a high-efficiency novel thermal electric solar power panel. Through an in-depth overview, the literature survey outlined the rationale of the research interest, factors affecting the performance of PVs as well as existing strategies towards addressing spotted shortcomings. While photovoltaic (PV) panels could be identified as the most reliable platform for sunlight-to-electricity conversion, they exhibit a shortcoming in terms of following the sun so as to maximize exposure to sunlight which negatively affects PVs’ efficiencies in one hand. On the other hand, the inability of solar cells to reflect the unusable heat energy present in the sunlight poses as a lifespan threat. Strategies and techniques in place to track the sun and keep PVs in nominal operational temperatures were therefore reviewed.
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Paik, Seung Woock. "Simultaneous direct measurements of skin friction and heat flux in a supersonic flow." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40116.
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Yau, Cheong-hung Kent, and 游昌鴻. "Indoor air quality improvement: a case study of the transformation of an industrial building." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008760.
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Ratsam, Pavel. "Tepelné čerpadlo vzduch - voda." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241931.
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The master's thesis is focused on heat pumps as a device using sources of a low-potential heat for building's heating. There are individual types of these devices characterized by a principle of operation and used media. Main focus of this thesis is a design of a compact air-water heat pump for the company PZP HEATING a.s. consisting of a cooling circulation’s design and individual components of this circulation. Finally there is a proposal of the heat pump’s case presented at the end of this work.
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Gross, Steven James. "A Feasibility Study of Model-Based Natural Ventilation Control in a Midrise Student Dormitory Building." PDXScholar, 2011. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/449.
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Past research has shown that natural ventilation can be used to satisfy upwards of 98% of the yearly cooling demand when utilized in the appropriate climate zone. Yet widespread implementation of natural ventilation has been limited in practice. This delay in market adoption is mainly due to lack of effective and reliable control. Historically, control of natural ventilation was left to the occupant (i.e. they are responsible for opening and closing their windows) because occupants are more readily satisfied when given control of the indoor environment. This strategy has been shown to be effective during summer months, but can lead to both over and under ventilation, as well as the associated unnecessary energy waste during the winter months. This research presents the development and evaluation of a model-based control algorithm for natural ventilation. The proposed controller is designed to modulate the operable windows based on ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, indoor temperature and other building characteristics to ensure adequate ventilation and thermal comfort throughout the year without the use of mechanical ventilation and cooling systems. A midrise student dormitory building, located in Portland OR, has been used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller. Simulation results show that the model-based controller is able to reduce under-ventilated hours to 6.2% of the summer season (June - September) and 2.5% of the winter (October - May) while preventing over-heating during 99% of the year. In addition, the model-based-controller reduces the yearly energy cost by 33% when compared to a conventional heat pump system. As a proactive control, model-based control has been used in a wide range of building control applications. This research serves as proof-of-concept that it can be used to control operable windows to provide adequate ventilation year-round without significantly affecting thermal comfort. The resulting control algorithm significantly improves the reliability of natural ventilation design and could lead to a wider adoption of natural ventilation in appropriate climate zones.
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Rodriguez-Anderson, Santiago Martin. "Sensible Air to Air Heat Recovery Strategies in a Passive House." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2123.
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Due to rising energy costs and concerns about global climate change, high performance buildings are more in demand than ever before. With roughly 20% of the total energy consumption in the United States being devoted to residential use, this sector represents a significant opportunity for future savings. There are many guidelines and standards for reducing building energy consumption. One of the most stringent is the Passive House Standard. The standard requires that that air infiltration is less than or equal to 0.6 air changes per hour at a 50 Pascal pressure difference (ACH 50), annual heating energy is less than or equal to 15kWh/m2, and total annual source energy is less than or equal to 120 kWh/m2. For comparison, the typical West coast US residence has an ACH50 of 5 and annually uses more than 174 kWh/m2 of source energy according to the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. With these challenging requirements, successful implementation of the Passive House Standard requires effective strategies to substantially reduce energy consumption for all end uses.
Heating and cooling loads are low by necessity in a Passive House. As such this makes end uses like water heating a much larger fraction of total energy use than they would be in a typical building. When air to water heat pumps are employed the energy consumption by water heating is lowered significantly. By employing innovative heat recovery strategies the energy consumption for water heating and HVAC can be reduced even further. This study uses energy modeling and project cost analysis to evaluate three innovative control strategies. Results for a Passive House in Portland Oregon show a savings of about $70 annually with a payback period of 10 years. The same Passive House in Fairbanks Alaska with a different strategy would save $150 annually with a payback period of 5 years.
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Lauck, Jeffrey Stephen. "Evaluation of Phase Change Materials for Cooling in a Super-Insulated Passive House." PDXScholar, 2013. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1444.
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Due to factors such as rising energy costs, diminishing resources, and climate change, the demand for high performance buildings is on the rise. As a result, several new building standards have emerged including the Passive House Standard, a rigorous energy-use standard based on a super-insulated and very tightly sealed building envelope. The standard requires that that air infiltration is less than or equal to 0.6 air changes per hour at a 50 Pascal pressure difference, annual heating energy is less than or equal to 15kWh/m2, and total annual source energy is less than or equal to 120 kWh/m2. A common complaint about passive houses is that they tend to overheat. Prior research using simulation suggests that the use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs), which store heat as they melt and release heat as the freeze, can reduce the number of overheated hours and improve thermal comfort.
In this study, an actual passive house duplex in Southeast Portland was thoroughly instrumented to monitor various air and surface temperatures. One unit contains 130kg of PCM while the other unit contains no PCM to serve as an experimental control. The performance of the PCM was evaluated through analysis of observed data and through additional simulation using an EnergyPlus model validated with observed data. The study found that installation of the PCM had a positive effect on thermal comfort, reducing the estimated overheated hours from about 400 to 200.
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Krejsa, Petr. "Tepelné čerpadlo vzduch - voda." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318814.
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The master's thesis deals with the description of heat pump technology (HP) and its use for apartment buildings. The theoretical part contains an introduction, performance of heat pump technology, in particular a compressor heat pump (CHP). In this section is also mentioned about heat pumps for an apartment buildings. Main focus of this thesis is a design of a compact air-water heat pump for the company AISECO spol. s.r.o. This section is focused a design of an individual components of cooling circulation together with proposal of the circulation and principle of operation.
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Martin, Guillaume. "District Heating Networks Design." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264257.
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District heating networks are a solution to decrease the amount of CO2 emission in the atmosphere and a mean to increase the share of renewable energy in the energy mix. This degree project, conducted at Engie Réseaux, investigates the best options to design them. The challenges and the constraints of their design will be developed and the tools created to achieve it will be presented. This thesis exposes the major climatologic, economic, and energetic parameters to take into account when designing a network and shows the methodology used in these three fields.Fjärrvärmenät är en lösning för att minska mängden koldioxidutsläpp i atmosfären och ett medel för att öka andelen förnybar energi i energimixen. Detta examensarbete, utfört på Engie Réseaux, undersöker de bästa alternativen för att designa dem. Svårigheterna och begränsningarna i deras utformning kommer att utvecklas och de verktyg som skapats för att uppnå det kommer att presenteras. Denna avhandling visar de viktigaste klimatologiska, ekonomiska och energiska parametrarna att ta hänsyn till vid utformning av ett nätverk och visar den använda metodiken.
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Fredriksson, Victor, and Bane Gluhajic. "Heating systems in small houses : A comparison between geothermal heating and district heating." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253799.
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District heating and geothermal heating are in present times two established heating systems that are often compared against each other. The purpose of this work is to describe which factors influence the choice of heating system during the planning stage and what the costs are for each system. In this paper, a typical house model has been developed and used as a basis for the comparison of both systems. The comparison has been made in the form of energy calculations in the energy calculation program BV2, where heat requirements and regulatory requirements for energy performance have been compared in different geographical areas in Sweden. Furthermore, cost calculations have been carried out based on the energy calculations' results, where investment costs and annual costs have been set against each other. The result of the work shows how the measurement of energy performance differs from the actual amount of purchased energy due to geographical conditions. In the southern parts of Sweden, where the geographical correction factor is below 0, consumers are penalized by raising the primary energy number, unlike the northern parts where the primary energy number is instead lowered. Based on the cost calculations, it can be concluded that district heating, when available, is more economically advantageous in the short term. Geothermal heating on the other hand is a more profitable alternative in the long run.Fjärrvärme och bergvärme är idag två etablerade värmesystem som ofta ställs mot varandra. Syftet med det här arbetet är att redogöra vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av värmesystem under projekteringsstadiet och vilka kostnaderna som finns för respektive system. I arbetet har en typisk husmodel tagits fram och använts som grund för jämförelsen av båda systemen. Jämförelsen har dels gjorts i form av energiberäkningar i energiberäkningsprogrammet BV2 där värmebehov och myndighetskrav på energiprestanda har jämförts i olika geografiska områden i Sverige. Vidare har kostnadsberäkningar genomförts utifrån energiberäkningarnas resultat där investeringskostnader och årliga kostnader har ställts mot varandra. Resultatet av arbetet visar hur måttet på energiprestanda skiljer sig från den faktiska mängden köpt energi på grund ut av geografiska förhållanden. I de södra delarna i Sverige där den geografiska korrigeringsfaktorn understiger 0 straffas konsumenter genom att primärenergitalet höjs, till skillnad mot de norra delarna där primärenergitalet istället sänks. Utifrån kostnadsberäkningarna kan man dra slutsatsen att fjärrvärme, när den finns tillgänglig, är mer ekonomiskt fördelaktigt på kort sikt. Bergvärme å andra sidan är ett mer lönsamt alternativ på lång sikt.
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Martín, Segura Guillermo. "Induction heating converter's design, control and modeling applied to continuous wire heating." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83346.
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Induction heating is a heating method for electrically conductive materials that takes advantage of the heat generated by the Eddy currents originated by means of a varying magnetic field. Since Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831, this phenomena has been widely studied in many applications like transformers, motors or generators' design. At the turn of the 20th century, induction started to be studied as a heating method, leading to the construction of the first industrial induction melting equipment by the Electric Furnace Company in 1927.
At first, the varying magnetic fields were obtained with spark-gap generators, vacuum-tube generators and low frequency motor-generator sets. With the emergence of reliable semiconductors in the late 1960's, motor-generators were replaced by solid-state converters for low frequency applications.
With regard to the characterization of the inductor-workpiece system, the first models used to understand the load's behavior were based on analytical methods. These methods were useful to analyze the overall behavior of the load, but they were not accurate enough for a precise analysis and were limited to simple geometries. With the emergence of computers, numerical methods experienced a tremendous growth in the 1990's and started to be applied in the induction heating field. Nowadays, the development of commercial softwares that allow this type of analysis have started to make the use of numerical methods popular among research centers and enterprises. This type of softwares allow a great variety of complex analysis with high precision, consequently diminishing the trial and error process.
The research realized in last decades, the increase in the utilization of numerical modeling and the appearance and improvement of semiconductor devices, with their corresponding cost reduction, have caused the spread of induction heating in many fields. Induction heating equipments can be found in many applications, since domestic cookers to high-power aluminum melting furnaces or automotive sealing equipments, and are becoming more and more popular thanks to their easy control, quick heating and the energy savings obtained.
The present thesis focuses on the application of induction heating to wire heating. The wire heating is a continuous heating method in which the wire is continuously feeding the heating inductor. This heating method allows high production rates with reduced space requirements and is usually found in medium to high power industrial processes working 24 hours per day.
The first chapters of this study introduce the induction heating phenomena, its modeling and the converters and tanks used. Afterwards, a multichannel converter for high-power and high-frequency applications is designed and implemented with the aim of providing modularity to the converter and reduce the designing time, the production cost and its maintenance. Moreover, this type of structure provides reliability to the system and enables low repairing times, which is an extremely interesting feature for 24 hours processes.
Additionally, a software phase-locked loop for induction heating applications is designed and implemented to prove its flexibility and reliability. This type of control allows the use of the same hardware for different applications, which is attractive for the case of industrial applications. This phase-locked loop is afterwards used to design and implement a load-adaptative control that varies the references to have soft-switching according to load's variation, improving converter's performance.
Finally, the modeling of a continuous induction wire hardening system is realized, solving the difficulty of considering the mutual influence between the thermal, electromagnetic and electric parameters. In this thesis, a continuous process is modeled and tested using numerical methods and considering converter's operation and influence in the process.
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Kuegler, Kurt W. "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and design /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10982.
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Akinwale, Olawale A. (Olawale Akintunde). "System architecture design of a robust heating system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110130.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-70).
Power outages are exponentially increasing because extreme weather conditions are occurring more frequently. In addition, the duration of the power outages are increasing. Unfortunately, the will to expand or convert the current electric grid is not there. The objective of this thesis is to design a new system - at a high level - that would protect homeowners from the effects of power outages. To do this, interviews were conducted with people who have actually experienced power outages during winter. Their preference for continued space heating during power outages prompted a design that uses natural gas fuel cell to power a furnace (or boiler) independent of the electric grid. The same system could also provide electricity to the homeowners, if the furnace is turned off. In addition to the system architecture design, surveys were conducted to determine pricing and financial analyses were performed to determine the commercial viability of the design. Consequently, the design proved to be too expensive. What's more, prices would have to drop significantly and / or other stakeholders, such as utility companies, insurance companies and governments, would have to cover most of the cost of the product for there to be a mass adoption.
by Olawale A. Akinwale.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Pougnet, Michel Andre Bruno. "Design of microwave heating equipment for laboratory applications." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17410.
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Includes bibliographical references.General purpose pressure vessels for digestion in microwave ovens have been developed and their applications investigated. The vessels were manufactured from PTFE and polypropylene and included a safety valve. The easily manufactured vessels were found to be reliable for a wide range of samples. A small vessel of 10 ml capacity, also constructed from PTFE and polypropylene, was developed for very small samples. These were used for the digestion of blood. A design for a simple modification of microwave ovens for use in the laboratory has been investigated. A Sharp microwave oven was lined with polypropylene and an extraction system that worked by the Venturi effect was used to remove the fumes from the cavity of the oven. This modification was found to be adequate to prevent corrosion of the oven and to provide the necessary safety features required for a laboratory system. In another modification, a thermocouple and a controller were used for maintaining the temperatures of the samples. Ports were available at the top of the cavity for insertion of suitable vessels for a variety of investigations. A computer-controlled waveguide has been designed for general laboratory applications. The temperature of the samples could be monitored and controlled. The waveguide was used for investigating sample digestions and the heating characteristics of a wide range of materials. A cylindrical applicator has been developed for the microwave heating of large (ca. 300- 600 ml) samples. Temperature monitoring and control was achieved through the use of a thermocouple and a computer. The instrument was found useful for many laboratory investigations involving relatively large samples. A new applicator has been developed for the even heating of multiple laboratory samples. The vessels (tubes) were introduced into the multimode cavity through ports. A choke was developed to allow rotation of the ports and the samples inside the cavity. Vapours could be extracted from the vessels outside the cavity using a fume extraction system. This system was found to be safe in terms of microwave leakages and yielded very good evenness of heating.
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Westerhoff, Kevin M. (Kevin Matthew) 1978. "Construction based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84827.
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Wright, Jonathan A. "The optimised design of HVAC systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7291.
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The workable design of HVAC (Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning) systems is based upon sizing the components individually to meet a peak duty of a nominal operating point. Growing economic pressure demands more cost effective and efficient designs, but the appraisal of alternative solutions is limited by short design and construction times. The design of HVAC systems can benefit from the application of numerical optimisation methods as these allow the rapid appraisal of alternative schemes and the sizing of the components simultaneously for criteria such as minimum first cost, operating cost, life—cycle cost or primary energy consumption. Optimisation problems can be categorised according to the characteristics of the functions used to appraise the solutions and those of the constraints on the problem. This thesis discusses the formulation of EVAC system design problems in this context and describes the development of an optimisation procedure which is based upon a data base of manufactured components and operating parameters such as controller setpoints, mass flow rates and temperatures. The thesis describes several objective functions used in the appraisal of solutions and describes the use of constraint functions in restricting the solution to a practicable design. UVAC system optimised design problems can be solved using direct search methods. The implementation of three direct search algorithms is described and the limitations of each discussed. Conclusions are drawn and the characteristics of HVAC system optimised design problems used to make recommendations for the future development of an idealized algorithm. The thesis describes the development and structure of the optimised design program and its integration with an existing suite of simulation programs. The application of the program to the design of example heat recovery systems is given and the potential use of the software in other applications described together with proposals for the development of the procedure as a design tool.
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Xie, Xiaoling. "Communications in construction design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7571.
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Construction design has become an increasingly complex synthesis activity for which effective solutions depend upon co-operative participation by a number of people. Thus communication, including the integration of specialised knowledge and negotiation of differences between team members, is a vital process for collaborative design. A questionnaire survey was initially conducted to investigate communication issues and problems, which had been highlighted from a review of the literature, in current construction design. The results confirmed that communication among the different construction team members is often difficult although of paramount important to design outcomes. Based on these results, case studies have been carried out to gain further insights into communication issues and problems, and explore why and how they are caused. Through the application of multiple approaches, a model has been developed, which suggests strategies that may help participants communicate more effectively and ultimately improve the quality of construction design outcomes.
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Pangalos, Georg [Verfasser]. "Model-based Controller Design Methods for Heating Systems / Georg Pangalos." Berlin : Neopubli GmbH, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1103874276/34.
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Ludman, John. "Evaluation and design of polymer systems for enhanced microwave heating." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063233/.
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Khushrushahi, Shahriar Rohinton. "A quantitative design and analysis of magnetic nanoparticle heating systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35600.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-89).
Magnetic particles under the influence of an alternating magnetic field act as localized heating sources due to various loss mechanisms. This effect has been extensively investigated in hypothermia studies over the past decades and has recently been applied at the molecular level to control the dehybridization of DNA molecules. As a result, it has the potential of controlling and studying biological systems. To ensure that the nanoparticles are the only source of heat requires a very efficient system that minimizes heat transfer from sources other than the magnetic field. A quantitative analysis of the requirements and the design of such a system was investigated and tested experimentally. Although the results were affected by transmission line effects, the theory supporting the approach is sound and explains the crucial parameters that are necessary for optimizing localized ferromagnetic nanoparticle heating.
by Shahriar Rohinton Khushrushahi.
S.M.
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Khan, Irshad. "Analysis and design of a high frequency induction-heating system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17437.
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Includes bibliographical references.Advances in power electronic semiconductor technology are making high frequency converters for induction heating more feasible at power levels up to 50kW. This research presents the development and analysis of a solid-state induction-heating system, operating directly off single-phase mains frequency, which enables optimum and efficient operation over a frequency range of 80kHz to 200kHz. The system essentially comprises a DC-DC converter configured as a controlled current source, which feeds a load resonant DC-AC inverter, driving a parallel resonant load circuit. The load circuit comprises an induction-heating coil and a reactive power compensating capacitor. The systems active switching elements comprise power MOSFET's but can be extended to almost any other controlled power devices such as IGBT's, BJT's, SCR's, GTO's or SIT's. An automatic frequency control system ensures that the DC-AC inverter drives the load at its resonant frequency, thereby achieving zero voltage switching of the power semiconductors. This operating mode always ensures maximum power transfer to the load as well as maximum operating efficiency of the DC-AC inverter. Driving the load at resonance presents an essentially resistive load to the DC-DC converter, thereby reducing the losses associated with a reactive load. A compact circuit layout combined with this optimum mode of operation eliminates the need for any snubber circuit components in both the DC-DC and DC-AC converters at this power level. An overview into various applications and technologies of induction-heating is presented in this research. A detailed analysis of the induction-heating coil and work- piece are presented in order to aid the design of the load circuit. The induction-heating technology overview presents various induction-heating power sources, discussing the configurations of various topologies. A brief mathematical analysis is used to describe the operation of power electronic converters employed in the induction-heating system developed for this research. The parallel resonant induction-heating load circuit is characterised mathematically, allowing for the determination of the optimum operating conditions. This is followed by a simulation analysis, which is used to gain insight into the problem of frequency control. The frequency control system is modelled and the steady-state error response evaluated under different input conditions. Experimental results on the system implemented, based on operating waveforms and efficiency measurements of the solid-state induction-heating system are presented along with recommendations for future work. The implemented power source was tested at a maximum power of 2.3kW at 151kHz. A system efficiency of 86% at 1.3kW was measured when operating at 138kHz. This design however, provides for scaling to power levels up to 50kW. The induction-heating system's frequency tracking capability is evaluated by heating a steel work-piece through its Curie transition temperature. The induction-heating system is used to heat a 26mm x 35mm stainless-steel billet (work-piece) to 1200°C in 130 seconds using the calculated power of 1.35kW .
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Soto, Leticia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Construction design as a process for flow : applying lean principles to construction design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42995.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
Delays and cost overruns are the rule rather than the exception in the construction industry. Design changes due to lack of constructability late in the construction phase generating costly ripple effect which create delay and disruption throughout the entire organization, are the largest contributors to the stated rule. In the building construction industry, of increased competitiveness, demand from many companies continued effort to develop new methods and tools, in which the design for quality, cost, construability and reliability play an important role. The planning and management of building design has historically focused upon traditional methods of planning such as Critical Path Method (CPM). Little effort is made to understand the complexities of the design process; instead design managers focus on allocating work packages where the planned output is a set of deliverables. This current design method forces design teams to manage their work on a discipline basis, each working on achieving their deliverable as dictated by the design program with little regard of the relationship with other disciplines and organizations. In addition, because Architect and Engineering firms view design and construction as two separate independent phases of work in project it makes it difficult to verify constructability in a design and create flow in the overall process. The goal of this study is to look at how aligning interests, objectives and practices based on lean fundamentals, during the earliest stages of a project, as a method of improving construction performance.
by Leticia Soto.
S.M.
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Bölin, Johan, and Jacob Sundbom. "Construction power - systematic energy initiatives at the construction site." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147654.
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Recent studies have suggested that an increasingly large proportion of a building's energy cost consists of energy consumption during the building process, before the building becomes operational. A large part of this "early energy" consists of indirect energy that has been used to manufacture building materials and components and to transport material to the construction site. Furthermore, there is the more direct energy used in construction projects such as construction electricity, district heating, LPG and diesel fuel used on-site. These costs are in a more direct and comprehensible way linked to the construction site and can be influenced by the developer and / or contractor. Therefore, this report focuses primarily on the direct energy involved during a building’s constructions phase. The problems that exist today are several. For example, both clients and contractors have very poor means of monitoring energy consumption on construction sites thus making it difficult to optimize the costs. There are no reliable statistics regarding energy usage, which makes it difficult to analyze problems and to suggest improvements. One of the reasons is that the cost of construction energy, or at least the monetary value of the potential savings, is considered to be negligible in the context of a major construction project and the subject has therefore rather low priority. Furthermore, the clients rely heavily on the contractor’s expertise and have big faith in the contractor’s ability to optimize energy usage. On the other hand, contractors assume that the customers are fully informed and aware of their own needs and that the contractor should only offer what the customer asks for, as cheaply as possible. However, it would be possible for both parties to make substantial savings by adopting a more efficient energy management. In order to achieve this, construction energy issues have to be considered early in the planning process and throughout the entire project. The best results are achieved when the developer and contractor share a common vision and there is open exchange of knowledge and experience. To facilitate this dialogue and to create a tool to address the issue early in the project, this exam-work has led to a prototype for a template that is intended to be used as a letter of intent between the parties, by which they can jointly or individually clarify and specify their energy goals within a specific projectNya utredningar tyder på att en allt större andel av en byggnads energiåtgång återfinns i de tidiga skedena, innan huset ännu tagits i drift, det vill säga under produktionsfasen. En stor del av denna "tidiga energi" består av indirekt energi som har använts i framställningen av byggmaterial och byggnadskomponenter samt till transporter för att få materialet på plats. Därtill finns den mer direkta energin, i form av byggström, fjärrvärme, gasol och diesel som används på byggena. Dessa kostnader är på ett mer direkt och lättöverskådligt sätt knutna till byggarbetsplatsen och bakomliggande processer är något som beställare och entreprenör har inflytande över och kan förbättra. Följaktligen kommer denna rapport främst behandla den direkta energin som används under en byggnads uppförandefas. Problemen som finns idag är flera. Delvis har många aktörer, både på beställar- och utförarsidan, bristfälligt statistiskt underlag angående byggenergin. Detta resulterar i en undermålig eller obefintlig uppföljning och identifiering av förbättringsmöjligheter gällande energianvändningen. En bidragande anledning till problemet är att kostnaden för byggenergi, eller åtminstone det monetära värdet av en potentiell besparing, av många anses som en försumbar del av ett stort byggprojekt och frågan blir därför nedprioriterad. Vidare verkar det inom beställarleden finnas en viss överdriven tilltro till entreprenörernas expertis och vilja att utveckla branschen i energihänseende medan det omvända förhållandet delvis råder bland entreprenörerna, där man utgår från att kunderna är aktiva beställare som vet vad de vill ha. Entreprenörerna föreslår sällan alternativa lösningar utan försöker snarare uppfylla kundernas kravspecifikationer till ett så billigt pris som möjligt. Det skulle dock kunna vara möjligt för bägge parter att spara både pengar och koldioxid genom en effektivare energihantering. Dessa åtgärder kräver att byggenergifrågan finns med tidigt i projekten och i planeringsprocessen. Allra bäst resultat uppnås när beställare och entreprenör har en gemensam målbild och ett öppet utbyte av kunskaper och erfarenheter. För att underlätta denna dialog har vi tagit fram ett förslag till en mall som är tänkt att fungera som en intentionsförklaring mellan parterna varigenom man gemensamt eller individuellt kan tydliggöra och konkretisera energimålen i byggprojekten. Vi har även tagit fram förslag till formuleringar gällande energieffektivitet som kan inkluderas vid upphandlingar.
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Ünerdem, Yiğit Toksoy Macit. "Design of geothermal district heating system of Universiade 2005 Athletes' Village/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/makinamuh/T000386.pdf.
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Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2005.Keywords: Geothermal energy, geothermal fields, district heating, feasibility, conceptual planning. Includes bibliographical references (leaves.70-72).
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Sánchez, Herranz Daniel. "DESIGN OF A SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM IN A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING." Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4957.
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Karlsson, Ejwertz Viktor. "Design of user interface for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34806.
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The project was carried out at Karlstad University during the spring of 2014 as a degree project for a Degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering and consists of 22.5 ECTS. The supervisor was lecturer Lennart Wihk from Karlstad University. The examiner was professor Leo de Vin. The project was conducted for Swegon AB and dealt with developing a user interface for systems regulating climate parameters in indoor environments, such as hotel rooms or office environments. The area of focus has been on developing the user interface with regard to end users, giving it the right functions and making it easy to understand. Suggestions about how user interfaces of this type could look was to be delivered to Swegon. The project started with creating a foundation. This was done through literature studies, benchmarking and interviews. The information gained here was used to put together a list of requirements which was later used as a guide when developing and evaluating concepts. Idea generation-methods were used to generate concepts and the concepts were developed further to later be voted on by employees at Swegon. The votes were evaluated and two concepts were developed, based on the the voting outcome. The concepts are inspired by wishes from the end users (expressed in the interviews) and are developed with regard to principles of design. The concepts were made into prototypes, in the form of 3D-printed models. The results of the project, in short: • Two image boards. One with thoughts about functions of existing climate related user interfaces written on it, and one with thoughts of different ways of illustrating air-temperature written on it. • Explanations of and reflections about functions of four different types of user interfaces for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. • Four product semantic analyses (PSA). Three of existing user interfaces for Swegon HVAC systems and one of a concept for a user interface for HVAC systems. • Interviews with six potential end users, written down to a large extent. • A compilation of the six interviews, written down in English. • An interview with an employee at Swegon service, regarding installation of user interfaces for HVAC systems, written down to a large extent. • A functional analysis, which in this project works as a requirements specification. • 10 ideas of concepts. • Two voting-systems which are developed for use when voting for several elements which can be combined to make up a holistic concept. The voting-systems are inspired by the "morphological analysis" described by Johannesson et al. (2009). • Two final concepts of user interfaces for HVAC systems with thorough descriptions in a table in this report. The concepts are developed with respect to end users and design principles. • Simplified versions of each of the two final concepts as CAD-models and as 3D-prints.
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Cemo, Thomas A. Van Treuren Kenneth W. "Design and validation of a solar domestic hot water heating simulator." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5357.
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Fernandez, del Castillo Lisa. "Design of a novel test bench for induction heating load characterization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90135.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.26
"June 2014." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-89).
Magnetic materials used in induction heating applications have nonlinear magnetic properties with respect to field strength and frequency, which can be effectively characterized using experimental techniques. To this end, we present a test bench inverter optimized for induction heating experimentation, capable of driving an inductive load across a 1-100 kHz frequency range with up to 2 kW power. Harmonic distortion of the inverter is minimized with a novel multilevel topology and modulation scheme, thus allowing near-sinusoidal excitations to be obtained at varying field strengths and frequencies. To demonstration the capabilities of the test bench, we characterize the power dissipation of a loaded induction heating coil across a range of frequencies and power levels.
by Lisa Fernandez del Castillo.
S.M.
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De, Meyer Oelof. "Design considerations for low pressure solar water heating in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22061.
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This thesis investigates the application of solar water heating in South Africa. The solar water heating system investigated work on the thermosiphoning effect or natural convection. An extensive literature study has been undertaken to investigate this phenomena. The three partial differential equations (governing equations) are non-dimensionalized and a similarity solution is applied to obtain two coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved in MATLAB to obtain the velocity and temperature profiles. Two scenarios were considered, a vertical wall with a constant wall temperature and a vertical wall with a constant heat flux. LP SWH systems use vacuum tubes to absorb solar radiation and transfer it to the water, which is similar to the vertical wall with a constant heat flux. A simulation model has been developed for a LP SWH system which is able to simulate the system performance for a given geographical location, where the user can specify the system component attributes. Experiments on the system were conducted to validate the simulation model. The simulation model accompanies a 6-Step Design Guide developed to assist the user to design a system able to satisfy the consumer's hot water demand. The 6-Step Design Guide developed can be used in future design considerations for LP SWH systems in South Africa.
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Al-Shaikhli, Ali K. M. "A novel method for the design of induction heating work coils." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27353.
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Induction billet heating is a well-established industrial process for preheating prior to forging, rolling and extrusion. In many cases the application of induction heating techniques has been hindered by the inability of existing methods of work coil design to easily produce a design which will give a non-uniform power density along the surface of a workpiece.
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Jerome, David. "Building load analysis and graphical display as a design tool." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16410.
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Chew, En Phin. "Superconducting Transformer Design and Construction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4977.
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This thesis first outlines the testing undertaken on a partial core superconducting
transformer under open circuit, short circuit, full load and endurance test conditions.
During the endurance test, a failure occurred after 1 minute and 35 seconds. During the
failure, voltage dipping and rapid liquid nitrogen boil off was observed. This prompted
a failure investigation which concluded that the lack of cooling in the windings was the
most probable cause to the failure.
Full core transformer and superconductor theories are then introduced. A copper
winding transformer model, based on a Steinmetz equivalent circuit and a reverse
design method, is described. A superconductor loss model which outlines the different
types of losses experienced under AC conditions is used to determine the resistance
of the windings in the Steinmetz equivalent circuit. This resistance changes with the
magnitude of current and the strength of the magnetic field that is present in the gaps
between each layer of the windings. An alternative leakage flux model is then presented,
where the flux is modelled based on the combination of the reluctance of the core and
the air surrounding the windings. Based on these theories, an iterative algorithm to
calculate the resistance of the superconductor is developed.
A new design of a 15kVA single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating
in liquid nitrogen, is presented. The issues with building the superconducting
transformer are outlined. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer
was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions
as the superconducting transformer, which means the same core can be used for two
different sets of windings. This led to designing a core that could be easily taken apart
as well as reassembled. Construction of the core, the copper windings and the superconductor
windings ensued. The process of cutting the core laminations, insulating the
copper and superconductor tapes, and making the steel fasteners and terminations are
described.
The copper mockup and superconducting transformers was then tested under open
circuit, short circuit, different load and endurance conditions at both liquid nitrogen
and room temperatures. These test results were then compared with the those from
two models. The comparison showed a significant inaccuracy in the reactances in
the models. This introduced a correction factor into the superconductor model which
ii
made it more accurate. However, further work is required to explain and quantify the
correction factors for the copper transformer model under different load conditions.
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Sebille, Michel. "Design :construction, automorphisms and colourings." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211428.
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Östman, Albin, and Rickard Eriksson. "Optimal uppvärmningsmetod för villor i Stockholmsförort." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215315.
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Vid val utav uppvärmningssystem för ett småhus är det viktigt att väga in för ochnackdelar, eftersom alla system är bra på olika sätt. Vilket system kommer är mestlämpligt utifrån husets egenskaper och behov?I detta exmenserbete jämförs fjärrvärme, bergvärmepump och frånluftsvärmepump påett utvalt nyproducerat småhus. Resultatet ska baseras på systemets kostnad, livslängd,underhåll och miljöpåverkan.Resultatet har visat att för detta specifika småhus, har frånluftsvärmepumpen varitdominerande i de utförda kalkylerna.When choosing a heating system for a house it is important to weigh in the different prosand cons, because every system is good in its own way. Which heating system may be ofinterest, depending on the conditions of the house and its requirements?This thesis will compare district heating, geothermal heating and exhaust air heating on aspecific brand new house. The result will base on the heating systems costs, lifetime,maintenance and environmental impact.The result has proven that for this particular house, the exhaust air heating pump hasbeen dominant in the calculations performed.
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Zubair, Syed M. "Solar assisted heat pump : a thermoeconomic design based on second law." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17573.
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Leung, Chi-ming. "Design consultancy vs design and build consultancy : present trends in the construction industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14038869.
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Manuel, Grant. "Design of an induction heating domestic water and a device for scheduling its operation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1108.
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Knauf, Benedikt J. "Polymer bonding by induction heating for microfluidic applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7105.
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Microfluidic systems are being used in more and more areas and the demand for such systems is growing every day. To meet such high volume market needs, a cheap and rapid method for sealing these microfluidic platforms which is viable for mass manufacture is highly desirable. In this work low frequency induction heating (LFIH) is introduced as the potential basis of a cost-effective, rapid production method for polymer microfluidic device sealing. Thin metal layers or structured metal features are introduced between the device s substrates and heated inductively. The surrounding material melts and forms a bond when cooling. During the bonding process it is important to effectively manage the heat dissipation to prevent distortion of the microfluidic platform. The size of the heat affected zone (HAZ), and the area melted, must be controlled to avoid blockage of the microfluidic channels or altering the channels wall characteristics. The effects of susceptor shape and area, bonding pressure, heating time, etc, on the heating rate have been investigated to provide a basis for process optimisation and design rules. It was found that the maximum temperature is proportional to the square of the susceptor area and that round shaped susceptors heat most efficiently. As a result of the investigations higher bonding pressure was identified as increasing bond strength and allowing the reduction of heating time and thus the reduction of melt zone width. The use of heating pulses instead of continuous heating also reduced the dimensions of melt zones while maintaining good bond strength. The size of the HAZ was found to be negligible. An analytical model, which can be used to predict the heating rate, was derived. In validating the model by numeric models and experiments it was found that it cannot be used to calculate exact temperatures but it does correctly describe the effect of different heating parameters. Over the temperature range needed to bond polymer substrates, cooling effects were found not to have a significant impact on the heating rate. The two susceptor concepts using thin metal layers (metal-plastic bonds) or structured metal features (plastic-plastic bonds) were tested and compared. While the metal-plastic bonds turned out to be too weak to be useful, the bonds formed using structured susceptors showed good strength and high leakage pressure. Based on the knowledge gained during the investigations a microfluidic device was designed. Different samples were manufactured and tested. During the tests minor leaks were observed but it was found that this was mainly due to debris which occurred during laser machining of the channels. It was concluded that induction bonding can be used to seal plastic microfluidic devices. The following guidelines can be drawn up for the design of susceptors and process optimisation: Materials with low resistivity perform better; For very thin susceptors the effect of permeability on the heating rate is negligible; The cross-sectional area of the susceptor should be as large as possible to reduce resistance; The thickness of the susceptor should be of similar dimensions to the penetration depth or smaller to increase homogeneity of heat dissipation; The shape of the susceptor should follow the shape of the inductor coil, or vice-versa, to increase homogeneity of heat dissipation; The susceptor should form a closed circuit; Higher bonding pressure leads to stronger bonds and allows reduced heating times; Pulsed heating performs better than continuous heating in terms of limited melt area and good bond strength. The drawbacks of the technique are explained as well: introducing additional materials leads to additional process steps. Also the structuring and placement of the susceptor was identified to be problematic. In this project the structured susceptor was placed manually but that is not feasible for mass manufacture. To be able to use the technique efficiently a concept of manufacturing the susceptor has to be found to allow precise alignment of complex designs.
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Sewell, Henry Isaac. "The design and analysis of a high power factor induction heating system." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632417.
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Terblanche, Johann Pierre. "Design and performance evaluation of a HYDROSOL space heating and cooling system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97095.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Space heating and cooling, as required for chicken poultry farming, is an energy intensive operation. Due to the continuous rise in the prices of fossil fuel, water and electricity, there is a need to develop renewable and sustainable energy systems that minimise the use of fuel or electricity, for heating, and water, for cooling of air. The HYDROSOL (HYDro ROck SOLar) system, developed at Stellenbosch University, is such a renewable energy system that potentially provides a low cost solution. Instead of using conventional gas and electricity heaters for the heating of air during winter, the HYDROSOL system collects solar heat, stores it in a packed bed of rocks and dispatches the heat as required. During hot summer days, when cooling is needed, the rocks are cooled during the night when the ambient temperatures are low and/ or by evaporative cooling by spraying water onto them. During the day, hot air is then cooled when it passes through the colder rocks with minimal water consumption compared to current systems. In this thesis, a prototype of the HYDROSOL system is presented, designed and built for experimental testing. A transient 2-D thermo flow model is developed and presented for the analytical and experimental performance evaluation of this system for solar heating and night air cooling operation. This model is used to conduct a parametric study on HYDROSOL to gain a better understanding of the operation and control of the system. The HYDROSOL concept is intended to be used for heating and cooling of residential buildings, office suites, warehouses, shopping centres, food processing industries e.g. drying of foods, and various agricultural industries e.g. greenhouses. In this thesis, a HYDROSOL system is developed mainly for poultry broiler houses in South Africa focussing on convective dry cooling, charging the rock bed with night-time ambient air, and convective heating, harvesting solar heat during the day, with different modes of operation available.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ruimte verhitting en verkoeling, soos benodig vir hoender pluimvee boerdery, is ‘n energie intensiewe bedryf. As gevolg van die voortdurende styging in fossiel brandstof-, water- en elektrisiteitpryse, het ‘n behoefte ontstaan om hernubare en volhoubare energie-stelsels te ontwikkel wat minder brandstof of elektrisiteit, vir verhitting, en water, vir verkoeling van lug, gebruik. Die HYDROSOL (HYDro ROck SOLar) stelsel, wat ontwikkel is by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, is ‘n hernubare energie-stelsel wat ‘n potensiële lae koste oplossing bied. In plaas daarvan om konvensionele gas en elektrisiteit verwarmers vir verhitting van lug gedurende die winter te gebruik, maak HYDROSOL gebruik van son warmte, stoor dit in `n gepakte bed van klip en onttrek die warmte soos benodig. Gedurende die warm somer dae wanneer verkoeling benodig word, word die klippe gedurende die nag, met kouer omgewings lug en/of met verdampingsverkoeling, deur water op die klippe te spuit, afgekoel. Gedurende die dag word warm lug afgekoel deur die lug oor die koue klippe te forseer met minimale waterverbruik in vergelyking met huidige stelsels. ‘n Prototipe van die HYDROSOL word voorgestel, ontwerp en gebou vir eksperimentele doeleindes. ‘n 2-D tyd afhanklike termo- vloei model word voorgestel vir die analitiese en eksperimentele verrigting evaluering vir son verhitting en nag lug verkoeling. Hierdie model word gebruik om ‘n parametriese studie te doen om die werking en beheer van HYDROSOL beter te verstaan. Die HYDROSOL stelsel is bedoel om die verwarming en verkoeling vereistes van residensiële geboue, kantoor areas, pakhuise, winkelsentrums, voedsel verwerking nywerhede, soos bv. die droging van voedsel, en verskeie landboubedrywe, soos bv. kweekhuise, te bevredig. In hierdie tesis word ‘n HYDROSOL stelsel, hoofsaaklik vir pluimvee kuikenhuise in Suid- Afrika, ondersoek en fokus op die droë verkoeling, deur die rotsbed te laai gedurende die nag, asook droë- verhitting, wat gebruik maak van son energie gedurende die dag en kan beheer word op verskillende maniere.