Academic literature on the topic 'Heating cartridge'
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Journal articles on the topic "Heating cartridge"
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Liu, Changchun, Michael G. Mauk, Robert Hart, Xianbo Qiu, and Haim H. Bau. "A self-heating cartridge for molecular diagnostics." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 16 (2011): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1lc20345b.
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Garnett, M. H., and C. Murray. "Processing of CO2 Samples Collected Using Zeolite Molecular Sieve for 14C Analysis at the NERC Radiocarbon Facility (East Kilbride, UK)." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200057532.
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Cartridges containing a zeolite molecular sieve are used for the field collection of CO2 from a variety of environments (e.g. atmosphere, soil respiration, evasion from surface waters) for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon analysis by the NERC Radiocarbon Facility. Previously, sample CO2 was recovered from the sieves by heating under vacuum prior to cryogenic purification and graphitization. An additional heating and evacuation stage was used to prepare the cartridge for the next sample. We have recently developed an alternative method using heating and purging with nitrogen gas to remove sample CO2 from the molecular sieve. An infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) is used to continuously monitor CO2 content in the purge gas. The preparation of the molecular sieve cartridge for the next use is performed simultaneously and the IRGA reading is used to verify that all sample CO2 has been removed from the sieve, ensuring insignificant carryover of CO2 into the next sample. We present the results of a suite of standards of distinctly different 14C and stable-carbon isotope composition, which we used to confirm the reliability of the new procedure. The new method has considerably reduced the time required to process a single sample from at least 2 hr to less than 40 min, and reduced the minimum sample size by 50%.
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Waldmann, Andreas D., Edward A. Rose, and Michael J. Pedro. "Fluid warming with parylene-coated enFlow cartridge: Bench and pilot animal study of aluminum extraction due to prolonged use." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211026849.
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Objectives: Intravenous fluid warming devices with surface heating systems transfer heat using aluminum blocks, which if uncoated elute toxic levels of aluminum into the infusate. This study examined extractable aluminum detected from prolonged use of the updated version of the enFlow® cartridge, which uses a parylene-coated aluminum heating block. Methods: In dynamic bench tests, we measured the concentration of aluminum that leached into three solutions (Sterofundin ISO, Plasma-Lyte 148, and whole blood) that were continuously pumped (0.2 and 5.5 mL min−1) and warmed to 40°C by the enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) for 5 h. Prolonged quasi-static bench tests measured aluminum concentration in 16 solutions which were gently rocked within the enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) for 72 h at 40°C. Aluminum concentrations were measured using inductively coupled mass spectroscopy and matrix blank corrected. Measured aluminum concentrations were compared to a Tolerable Exposure limit to calculate Margins of Safety based on the US Food and Drug Administration maximum recommended concentration in parenteral fluids (25 μg L−1). A parallel pilot in vivo animal study was performed using mice injected with fluids warmed for 72 h by the enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated). Results: The enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) demonstrated low toxicological risks in all tests. Sterofundin ISO resulted in the highest aluminum concentration after simulated prolonged use of the enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) (3.11 μg device−1), which represents a 99.2% decrease from the enFlow cartridge (uncoated) and Margin of Safety of 1.7. Dynamic tests at two different flow rates with three challenge solutions resulted in concentrations less than the method detection limits (20.6 or 41.2 μg L−1) of the analysis method. The animals in the in vivo study showed no evidence of toxicity. Conclusion: Observed toxicological risk levels associated with the enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) intravenous fluid warmer were below those set by the Food and Drug Administration and suggest that the use of enFlow cartridge (parylene-coated) is safe with a variety of intravenous solution types and in different therapeutic scenarios.
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Ichikawa, Tomohiro, Tomohiro Matsuo, Takumu Tachikawa, Wataru Teranishi, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Yoshinari Sawama, Yasunari Monguchi, and Hironao Sajiki. "Microwave-Mediated Continuous Hydrogen Abstraction Reaction from 2-PrOH Catalyzed by Platinum on Carbon Bead." Catalysts 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9080655.
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We developed a microwave-mediated continuous hydrogen production method from 2-PrOH using platinum on a spherical carbon-bead catalyst. The catalyst cartridge consisted of helical glass part, and straight glass part (helix−straight cartridge) was newly developed for the effective microwave heating of 2-PrOH in the presence of 5% Pt/CB. The microwave resonance was properly adjusted within 2.4−2.5 GHz using the helix−straight cartridge with the glass resonance-adjuster tube. The reaction was conducted by the irradiation of only 10 W of single-frequency microwaves and the catalyst was used continuously for at least 13 h without any loss of catalyst activity.
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Wagner, Jeff, Wenhao Chen, and Gordon Vrdoljak. "Vaping cartridge heating element compositions and evidence of high temperatures." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): e0240613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240613.
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Park, Gyujin, and Changhee Lee. "Numerical Study on Thermal Design of a Large-Area Hot Plate with Heating and Cooling Capability for Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153100.
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A numerical study is conducted on the thermal performance of a large-area hot plate specifically designed as a heating and cooling tool for thermal nanoimprint lithography processes. The hot plate has the dimensions 240 mm × 240 mm × 20 mm, in which a series of cartridge heaters and cooling holes are installed. Stainless steel has been selected to endure the high molding pressures. A numerical model based on ANSYS Fluent is employed to predict the thermal behavior of the hot plate in both the heating and cooling phases. The proportional–integral–derivative (PID) thermal control of the device is modeled by adding user defined functions. The results of the numerical computations demonstrate that the use of cartridge heaters provides sufficient heat-up performance and the active liquid cooling in the cooling holes provides the required cool-down performance. However, a crucial technical issue is raised, namely that the proposed design poses a large temperature non-uniformity in the steady heating phase and in the transient cooling phase. As a remedy, a new hot plate in which heat pipes are installed in the cooling holes is considered. The numerical results show that the installation of heat pipes could enhance the temperature uniformity both in the heating and cooling phases.
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Wang, Sen, Wen Tong Xin, Li Feng Qu, Yi Ying Wu, and Jian Dong Yang. "Study on Length of Cartridge how to Affects Cutting Capability of the Combustion Cutting Ammunition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2248.
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A type of cutting technology of manual thermite cutting technology is developed which is meet the incise requirements in especial environmental .The combustion cutting ammunition is made from cutting medicament, cartridge, nozzle. There are two synchronism courses of events to form the hole. Firstly, specimen is melted by megathermal jet stream, and then heating specimen to its burning point so that it burns with oxygen which is from jet stream and reduces melting point of specimen with alloy agent. The bright and clean hole comes into being after blowing off the slag by high-speed airflow. The paper ensured proper length of the cartridge and analyzed burning characteristics of cutting medicament by different length. The best cutting Performance be obtained While the length of cartridge is up to 90mm test on steel of Q235 which area is 2800mm2 and thick is 20mm.
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Tambunan, Ansel Fabianta, Irene Angela, Imam Basori, and Bondan Tiara Sofyan. "Effect of Cold Rolling and Annealing Temperature on the Characteristics of Cu-28Zn-1.1Bi Alloy Produced by Gravity Casting." Materials Science Forum 939 (November 2018): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.939.73.
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The microstructures, mechanical properties, deformation mechanism, and recrystallization behavior of Cu-Zn-Bi alloys for cartridge case application have been investigated in this research. Cu-28Zn-1.1Bi wt. % alloys were produced by gravity casting and subjected to a homogenization – cold rolling – annealing sequences with variations on reduction level and annealing temperature. Samples characterizations were done through optical emission spectroscopy, optical microscopy, SEM-EDS imaging, and X-ray mapping modes, while hardness measurements were performed using micro Vickers method. The presence of Bi was found to increase cartridge brass hardness through a dispersoid strengthening mechanism in which dislocation movements are rendered by Bi particles. Higher deformation levels resulted in higher microhardness of the alloy. Recrystallization took place at grain boundaries and areas surrounding Bi dispersoid at 400 °C, while further heating resulted in grain growth phenomenon. Bismuth addition accelerated the recrystallization process in cartridge brass by a particles stimulated nucleation (PSN) mechanism.
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Louie, Richard F., Stephanie L. Sumner, Shaunyé Belcher, Ron Mathew, Nam K. Tran, and Gerald J. Kost. "Thermal Stress and Point-of-Care Testing Performance: Suitability of Glucose Test Strips and Blood Gas Cartridges for Disaster Response." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 1 (March 2009): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181979a06.
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ABSTRACTObjective: Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices are deployed in the field for emergency on-site testing under a wide range of environmental conditions. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of glucose meter test strips and handheld blood gas analyzer cartridges following thermal stresses that simulate field conditions.Methods: We evaluated electrochemical and spectrophotometric glucose meter systems and a handheld blood gas analyzer. Glucose test strips were cold-stressed (–21°C) and heat-stressed (40°C) for up to 4 weeks. Blood gas cartridges were stressed at –21°C, 2°C, and 40°C for up to 72 hours. Test strip and cartridge performance was evaluated using aqueous quality control solutions. Results were compared with those obtained with unstressed POCT strips and cartridges.Results: Heated glucose test strips and blood gas cartridges yielded elevated results. Frozen test strips and cooled cartridges yielded depressed glucose and blood gas results, respectively. Frozen cartridges failed.Conclusions: The performance of glucose test strips and blood gas cartridges was affected adversely by thermal stresses. Heating generated elevated results, and cooling depressed results. Disaster medical assistance teams and emergency medical responders should be aware of these risks. Field POCT devices must be robust to withstand adverse conditions. We recommend that industry produce POCT devices and reagents suitable for disaster medical assistance teams. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:13–17)
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Ahn, Chi-hyung, and Jong Wan Hu. "Experimental Field Tests and Finite Element Analyses for Rock Cracking Using the Expansion of Vermiculite Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7531642.
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In the previous research, laboratory tests were performed in order to measure the expansion of vermiculite upon heating and to convert it into expansion pressure. Based on these test results, this study mainly focuses on experimental field tests conducted to verify that expansion pressure obtained by heating vermiculite materials is enough to break massive and hard granite rock with an intention to excavate the tunnel. Hexahedral granite specimens with a circular hole perforated in the center were constructed for the experimental tests. The circular holes were filled with vermiculite plus thermal conduction and then heated using the cartridge heater. As a result, all of hexahedral granite specimens had cracks in the surface after 700-second thermal heating and were finally spilt into two pieces completely. The specimen of larger size only requires more heating time and expansion pressure. The material properties of granite rocks, which were obtained from the experimental tests, were utilized to produce finite element models used for numerical analyses. The analysis results show good agreement with the experimental results in terms of initial cracking, propagation direction, and expansion pressure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heating cartridge"
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Pekárek, Michal. "Návrh elektricky otápěného parního vyvíječe." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443183.
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This master’s thesis is focused on the design of electric steam generator for superheated steam. Using heating cartridge is the easiest way how to make a saturated or superheated steam. This device is part of gasification reactor, which is used for experimental purposes. The thesis includes schematic involvement of technology. Technology contains evaporator and superheater. The evaporator is calculated as pool boiling. The superheater is design for steam flowing through heating cartridge bundle. At the end of the thesis are made projection drawings, which are based on the calculations.
Book chapters on the topic "Heating cartridge"
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"Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics." In Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics, edited by ERIC J. WAGNER. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569377.ch19.
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<EM>ABSTRACT. </EM>Whirling disease occurs in salmonid fishes infected by the myxosporean parasite <em>Myxobolus cerebralis</em>. This review summarizes the literature regarding control and management of the disease. Suggested methods for killing the myxospore stage include thorough drying, heating for 10 min at 90°C, calcium hydroxide at more than 0.5% for 24 h, and calcium oxide or KOH at more than 0.25% for 24 h. Chlorine was also effective at 1600 ppm in 24-h exposure or 5,000 ppm in a 10-min exposure. Roccal (alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride) at more than 200 ppm active ingredient was also effective. Calcium cyanide at 4,000 kg/ha has been used effectively for control in infected ponds. Treating incoming water with 2537 Å of ultraviolet (UV) light at dosages greater than or equal to 35,000 microwatt-sec/cm<sup>2</sup> was effective in preventing infection of rainbow trout fry. Filtration of water through a 25 µm commercial filter cartridge did not reduce or eliminate the disease, but sand-charcoal filters have been used successfully in France. Prophylactic treatment of incoming water with 0.5 ppm chlorine for 2 h once a week over a 4 month period reduced infection by 63–73%. Electrical charges of 1–3 kV pulsed for 1–25 times at 99 µsec per pulse have killed a high proportion of the triactinomyxon stage. Triactinomyxons were also inactivated by 260 ppm chlorine as sodium hypochlorite, 10% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min, or 50% povidone-iodine for 10 min. Various drugs have been tested, some of which reduced the level of infection but failed to eliminate the parasite. Management strategies to control the disease include control of the worm host and its habitat, stocking larger fish into infected waters, not stocking infected fish, education, enforcement of disease regulations, and stocking less susceptible species.
Conference papers on the topic "Heating cartridge"
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Archibald, John P. "Design and Construction of Solar Thermal Tile Systems for Stand-By Heating of Emergency Diesel Generators." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1029.
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Emergency diesel generators in outdoor enclosures use large amounts of electric resistance heat to keep the engines warm all year. The heat is delivered to the jacket water of the engine by means of an electric resistance cartridge heater. For mid sized generators (150 KW – 1,000 KW) the annual electric use to deliver 130 degree F water can be 10,000 to 30,000 kwhr in a climate zone with 4,000 heating degree days (65 F base). An alternative to electric heating of the jacket water, is to solar heat the enclosure with 110 F air. This reduces the heat loss from the engine and therefore reduces the demand on the electric resistance heater. The paper describes the opportunity for solar air heating of emergency generators and the design and construction of two ground mounted systems and one solar heating building at the US Geological Survey in Reston, VA.
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Lee, Jong K., Seung D. Lee, and Kune Y. Suh. "Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Water Pool with Internal Heating and Top and Bottom Cooling." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89181.
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During a severe accident, the reactor core may melt and be relocated to the lower plenum to form a hemispherical pool. If there is no effective cooling mechanism, the core debris may heat up and the molten pool run into natural convection. Natural convection heat transfer was examined in SIGMA RP (Simulant Internal Gravitated Material Apparatus Rectangular Pool). The SIGMA RP apparatus comprises a rectangular test section, heat exchanger, cartridge heaters, cooling jackets, thermocouples and a data acquisition system. The internal heater heating method was used to simulate uniform heat source which is related to the modified Rayleigh number Ra′. The test procedure started with water, the working fluid, filling in the test section. There were two boundary conditions: one dealt with both walls being cooled isothermally, while the other had to with only the upper wall being cooled isothermally. The heat exchanger was utilized to maintain the isothermal boundary condition. Four side walls were surrounded by the insulating material to minimize heat loss. Tests were carried out at 1011 < Ra′ < 1013. The SIGMA RP tests with an appropriate cartridge heater arrangement showed excellent uniform heat generation in the pool. The steady state was defined such that the temperature fluctuation stayed within ±0.2 K over a time period of 5,000 s. The conductive heat transfer was dominant below the critical Rayleigh number Ra′c, whereas the convective heat transfer picked up above Ra′c. In the top and bottom boundary cooling condition, the upward Nusselt number Nuup was greater than the downward Nusselt number Nudn. In particular, the discrepancy between Nuup and Nudn widened with Ra′. The Nuup to Nudn ratio was varied from 7.75 to 16.77 given 1.45×1012 < Ra′ < 9.59×1013. On the other hand, Nuup was increased in absence of downward heat transfer for the case of top cooling. The current rectangular pool testing will be extended to include circular and spherical pools.
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Gess, Joshua, Sushil H. Bhavnani, and R. Wayne Johnson. "Thermal Resistance and PIV Characterization of a Line-Replaceable Compact Liquid-Cooled Server Module for High Performance Computing Platforms." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38866.
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The meteoric growth of social networking involvement along with cost-effective cloud based computing business models are just two reasons why data center power consumption is growing at an alarming rate. Dwindling global energy resources mandate that these data centers be more efficient, especially as our dependence and demand upon them grow. As the data center demand grows, components will be designed with reductions in volume and increases in processor speeds, resulting in increases in heat fluxes which two-phase liquid immersion techniques offer the potential of dissipating. The proposed experimental facility seeks to illustrate how these demands can be met through the integration of a small form factor line replaceable cartridge which contains heated elements meant to simulate components within a high performance computing unit. The facility also consists of thermal support equipment used for heat extraction and rejection to ambient much like one would find in a liquid cooled data center, such as a chiller, fluid pumps, etc. One way to effectively characterize the efficiency of a thermal design technique is to quantify the thermal resistance, and subsequently minimize it as much as possible. Incredibly low module level thermal resistances have been achieved, on the order of 0.13 K/W under pool conditions and as little as 0.10 K/W when flow is introduced within the electronics housing. Trends of the cartridge’s thermal resistance have been explored as exterior chilled water temperatures are varied, over several surface enhancements along with the variation of external chilled water and internal dielectric fluid flow rates. As has been noted by several authors in their study of immersion cooled modules, a condensation limit has been found and trends upon it associated with varying the previously mentioned parameters have also been documented. The effect upon thermal performance of diverting the flow over the primary heating elements in various ways has been explored through the use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). These techniques have been used to illustrate how a new dielectric fluid flow distribution design resulted in increased mass flow rate over critical components within the cartridge.
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Udell, Kent S., Bidzina Kekelia, Peng Fan, Chengshang Zhou, and Zhigang Fang. "Performance of a Multi-Cell MgCl2/NH3 Thermo-Chemical Battery During Recharge and Operation." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49508.
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The development of thermal energy storage technologies to match sustainable energy production is of interest. A prototype of a multi-cell thermochemical battery consisting of connected cells containing MgCl2 salt, and additional air-cooled or air-heated cells containing liquid ammonia of varying quality, was constructed and tested. Each of the 17 cells contained thermocouple probes at three different axial locations within the cylindrical cells. Heat transfer rates, pressures, and ammonia condensation and vaporization rates were measured. Three tests were run. In the first test, the hot bed containing 10 cells was heated using cartridge heaters, driving vaporous ammonia from the salt phase once sufficient salt temperatures were reached. The evolved gaseous ammonia was condensed in an additional 7 empty air-cooled cells. Once the recharging cycle was complete, a valve in the ammonia vapor line connecting the cold and hot beds was closed, allowing indefinite storage of cooling or heating capacity. The second operational test involved the opening of the valve while simultaneous air-cooling the hot bed cells and air-heating the cold bed cells. Heating rates and cooling rates to/from air forced through the hot bed and cold bed, respectively, were monitored to gauge HVAC performance. The second recharge was performed by using a air/air heat exchanger that captured waste heat from an automobile engine exhaust manifold and transferred it to air that was re-circulated through the hot bed array. Temperatures, pressures, heating rates, cooling rates, and cell array heat transfer specifications are reported.
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Mashali, Farzin, Ethan M. Languri, Jim Davidson, David Kerns, and Fahad Alkhaldi. "An Experimental Study on the Convective Heat Transfer Behaviour of Diamond Nanofluids in Electronic Cooling Applications." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87481.
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This study presents the convective heat transfer coefficient of 0.05 wt.% diamond nanofluids containing functionalized nanodiamond dispersed in a base fluid deionized (DI) water flowing in a conduction cold plate under turbulent flow conditions, experimentally. The conduction cold plate was heated via six cartridge heaters with a constant heat transfer rate. The primary experimental study has been implemented to investigate the thermal conductivity of diamond nanofluids which showed a higher effective thermal conductivity than that of the base fluid. In addition, nanofluid was flowed in a closed system with heating at the heat exchanger and cooling via a cooling tank to keep the inlet temperature constant to explore the convection heat transfer properties of diamond nanofluids. Results indicate that the convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of diamond nanofluid are higher than that of the DI water in a same flow rate, and these properties increased with increase in Reynolds number.
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Karng, Sarng Woo, Suk Won Lee, Kyudae Hwang, and Seo Young Kim. "Performance Measurement of Liquid-Cooled Cold Plates for Humanoid Robot Cooling." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33252.
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In this study, we compare thermal performance between one metallic cold plate and three different types of non-metallic cold plates for humanoid robot cooling. The four types of cold plates have the same dimension of 20×20 mm2 base area with 7 mm high. A metallic cold plate is made of copper. Three non-metallic PC (polycarbonate) cold plates, which are designed to reduce the overall weight of robot cooling system, are composed of a polycarbonate cover with three different base shapes. All cold plates are mounted on a 20×20 mm2 copper heating block with two cartridge heaters of 30 W/cm2. The overall heat transfer coefficients per unit mass and thermal resistances are obtained for the liquid-cooled cold plates. It is interesting to note that the PC cold plate with an aluminum base plate with 18 channels shows the best heat transfer performance per unit mass. Most polycarbonate cold plates display fairly comparable thermal performance with more reduced weight compared to a conventional copper cold plate.
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Ritzi-Lehnert, Marion, Jan Claussen, Eva Schaeffer, Ole Wiborg, Isabell Wick, Klaus S. Drese, Ralf Himmelreich, et al. "New Lab-on-a-Chip System for Infectious Disease Analysis." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31048.
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Early diagnosis followed by personalised efficient therapy of infectious diseases (e.g. respiratory diseases, meningitis, sepsis) can lead to considerable reduction of costs in health care. Point-of-care testing (POCT) can provide early detection since this kind of decentralised analysis can be done by unskilled personnel at any time. Other advantages of automated miniaturised Lab-on-a-Chip systems (LoC) are reduction of time and reagents, elimination of cross-contamination and enhanced reproducibility due to enhanced process control. Such Lab-on-a-Chip systems will establish themselves on market only when sensitivity and specificity meet clinical requirements. An integrated cost-efficient lab-on-a-chip system is presented which allows performing all diagnostic process steps for pathogen analysis of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal samples. The microfluidic disposable chip comprises structures for lysis of nasopharyngeal swab samples, preparation of total nucleic acids using magnetic silica beads, reverse transcription followed by QIAplex PCR technology and labelling of the nucleic acids by hybridisation with LiquiChip Beads and streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin. Labelled target sequences are transferred for analysis into a QIAGEN LiquiChip 200 workstation. The core of the instrument is a construction based on rotating heating bars allowing for fast cycling. All chemicals needed for performing of 24 analyses are either stored freeze-dried on the single-use disposable microfluidic chip (processing cartridge) or as liquids in a separate reagent cartridge. After introducing the sample into the lysis chamber of the microfluidic chip and inserting the chip into the device all steps are done automatically. To realise these steps, fluidic control in terms of light barriers and turning valves are integrated into the injection moulded disposable chip. This includes metering structures as well as magnetic stir bars for mixing. The functionality was proven by direct comparison of samples processed manually vs. automatically using the “ResPlex Panel II” for detection of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal samples. The efficiency of the automated LoC system yields at about 30–60% as compared to the manually performed reference experiments. Comparing the performance of the instrument with commercially available kits and nucleic acid preparation devices showed slightly weaker but clearly positive final signal intensities obtained from the prototype device even without protocol optimization.
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Bencs, Pe´ter, Szila´rd Szabo´, Ro´bert Borda´s, Katharina Za¨hringer, and Dominique The´venin. "Simultaneous Measurement of Velocity and Temperature Downstream of a Heated Cylinder." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57789.
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Bluff bodies placed in a flow, such as electrical transmission lines, cartridge heaters, pipes of heat exchangers, factory chimneys and so on, often have a different temperature compared to that of the surroundings. The structure of the flow developing around bluff bodies has been investigated for a long time (Adrian, 1991; Williamson, 1996). The Ka´rma´n vortex street was and is examined by numerous researchers, both experimentally and numerically. Nevertheless, the question arises as to how this vortex street is modified by a heated cylindrical bluff body. What is the influence of heating on the frequency of the detaching vortices, the structure of the vortices and the location of the detachment? Many of these questions have already been answered by the help of numerical simulations and of measured velocity distribution using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and the vortex distributions obtained from this (Venkatakrishnan and Meier, 2004). A further question is the heat loss caused by the vortex structure and the forced convection. To tackle this question, the Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) method is applied here. At the same time, first steps have been taken towards determining temperature and vortex distributions simultaneously, which are introduced in this paper. Main objective and novelty of this work is the solution for the mentioned measurement problem with a single camera.
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Demir, Ebru, Ali Kosar, Turker Izci, Osman Yavuz Perk, Muhsincan Sesen, Wisam Khudhayer, and Tansel Karabacak. "Multiphase Submerged Jet Impingement Cooling Utilizing Nanostructured Plates." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73062.
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An experimental setup is designed to simulate the heat dissipated by electronic devices and to test the effects of nanostructured plates in enhancing the heat removal performance of jet impingement systems in such cooling applications under boiling conditions. Prior experiments conducted in single phase have shown that such different surface morphologies are effective in enhancing the heat transfer performance of jet impingement cooling applications. In this paper, results of the most recent experiments conducted using multiphase jet impingement cooling system will be presented. Distilled water is propelled into four microtubes of diameter 500 μm that provide the impinging jets to the surface. Simulation of the heat generated by miniature electronic devices is simulated through four aluminum cartridge heaters of 6.25 mm in diameter and 31.75 mm in length placed inside an aluminum base. Nanostructured plates of size 35mm×30mm and different surface morphologies are placed on the surface of the base and two thermocouples are placed to the surface of the heating base and the base is submerged into deionized water. Water jets generated using microtubes as nozzles are targeted to the surface of the nanostructured plate from a nozzle to surface distance of 1.5 mm and heat removal characteristics of the system is studied for a range of flow rates and heat flux, varying between 107.5–181.5 ml/min and 1–400000 W/m2, respectively. The results obtained using nanostructured plates are compared to the ones obtained using a plain surface copper plate as control sample and reported in this paper.
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Al-Ansary, Hany, and Obida Zeitoun. "Heat Loss Experiments on a Non-Evacuated Parabolic Trough Receiver Employing a Thermally Insulating Layer in the Annular Gap." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18078.
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Parabolic trough collectors are economically and technically attractive options for process heat applications that require temperatures in excess of 200 °C. One of the reasons is that low-cost non-evacuated receivers are used in this type of application. However, at higher temperatures, the performance of non-evacuated receivers deteriorates considerably due to excessive radiation and natural convection losses. A new idea had been preliminarily investigated by the authors both numerically and experimentally. The idea was to introduce a thermally insulating layer to the part of the receiver’s annular gap that does not receive concentrated sunlight from the parabolic mirrors, and the results had been quite promising. This paper presents additional, more extensive experiments on this concept. In these experiments, a cartridge heater is inserted along the axis of the receiver tube of a non-evacuated receiver. The heater is surrounded by a conductive material to ensure uniform heating of the receiver tube. A number of thermocouples are affixed near the inner surface of the receiver as well as on the outer surface of the glass envelope to monitor temperature uniformity. Two sets of experiments are then conducted, one with the insulating layer, and the other without. In each set, the power input is set to a certain level and the receiver temperature is measured once steady state conditions are attained. The power level is then increased, and the measurements are repeated. The heat loss values from each set are compared to determine whether adding the insulating layer enhances receiver performance. Results show that a reduction in heat loss of as much as 15% can be achieved using this design, and collector efficiency can increase by up to about 6%. However, it was also found that the extent of improvement in collector efficiency depends on the operating temperature and direct normal irradiance, with the improvement being more significant at higher temperature applications and at low direct normal irradiance.