Journal articles on the topic 'Heat pumps – Energy consumption – Testing'
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1
Palkowski, Carsten, Andreas Zottl, Ivan Malenkovic, and Anne Simo. "Fixing Efficiency Values by Unfixing Compressor Speed: Dynamic Test Method for Heat Pumps." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061045.
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The growing market penetration of heat pumps indicates the need for a performance test method that better reflects the dynamic behavior of heat pumps. In this contribution, we developed and implemented a dynamic test method for the evaluation of the seasonal performance of heat pumps by means of laboratory testing. Current standards force the heat pump control inactive by fixing the compressor speed. In contrast, during dynamic testing, the compressor runs unfixed while the heat pump is subjected to a temperature profile. The profile consists of the different outdoor temperatures of a typical heating season based on the average European climate and also includes temperature changes to reflect the dynamic behavior of the heat pump. The seasonal performance can be directly obtained from the measured heating energy and electricity consumption making subsequent data interpolation and recalculation with correction factors obsolete. The method delivers results with high precision and high reproducibility and could be an appropriate method for a fair rating of heat pumps.
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Amoabeng, Lee, and Choi. "Modeling and Simulation Performance Evaluation of a Proposed Calorimeter for Testing a Heat Pump System." Energies 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234589.
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The energy consumption for heating and cooling in the building sector accounts for more than one-third of total energy used worldwide. In view of that, it is important to develop energy efficient cooling and heating systems in order to conserve energy in buildings as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In both commercial and residential buildings, the heat pump has been adopted as an energy efficient technology for space heating and cooling purposes as compared to conventional air conditioning systems. However, heat pumps undergo standard testing, rating, and certification procedures to ascertain their system performance. Essentially, the calorimeter for testing heat pumps has two test chambers to serve as a heat source and heat sink to control and maintain the test conditions required to simulate the heat pump indoor and outdoor units, simultaneously. In air-to-air heat pump units, the conventional calorimeter controls the air temperature and humidity conditions in each test chamber with separate air handling units consisting of a refrigerator, heater, humidifier, and supply fan, which results in high energy consumption. In this study, using dynamic modeling and simulation, a new calorimeter for controlling air conditions in each test chamber is proposed. The performance analysis based on simulation results showed that the newly proposed calorimeter predicted at least 43% energy savings with the use of a heat recovery unit and small refrigerator capacity as compared to the conventional calorimeter that utilized a large refrigerator capacity for all the weather conditions and load capacities that we investigated.
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Jobard, Xavier, Pierryves Padey, Martin Guillaume, Alexis Duret, and Daniel Pahud. "Development and Testing of Novel Applications for Adsorption Heat Pumps and Chillers." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030615.
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This work aims at the development and the experimental characterization of new applications for adsorption heat pumps and chillers driven by industrial waste heat or renewable sources that can provide heating and/or cooling. Adsorption technologies offer the advantage of providing heating and cooling from low temperature sources below 100 °C without using refrigerant with high Global Warming Potential and with very low electricity consumption. Therefore, the technology enables the use of large untapped heat sources, increasing the energy efficiency of the heating and cooling sector with very limited impact on the environment. Several applications were investigated numerically for Switzerland using a simplified model of an adsorption heat pump. Four scenarios were identified as interesting: (1) the valorization of low-grade industrial waste heat in district heating networks, (2) energy efficiency improvement of district heating substations, (3) an autonomous adsorption heat pump with a wood pellets burner and (4) cooling applications. These scenarios were experimentally validated with a laboratory test of a commercial silica gel/water machine. Results show that there is a gap of up to 40% between the prediction of the simplified model and the experimental results. Therefore, there is huge potential to improve the performances of this commercial unit for these applications.
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Niemierka, Elżbieta, and Piotr Jadwiszczak. "Potential of individual heat pumps for renewable energy storage in Smart Grid." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000057.
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Ever-increasing power market and environmental policy enforce growth of renewable power sources. Renewables inflexibility and dependency on weather condition causes periodically imbalance in power system due to the green power overproduction. With the increase of renewable sources, the balancing problems in power system will be increasingly significance issue. It is proposed to use individual heat pumps as a next tool for energy system adjustment support. Power system adjustment will be carried out by active demand side management by intended domestic hot water tanks overheating. The smart grid individual heat pumps setpoints will be switched at community or even country scale. The strategy allows shaving the overproduction peaks through short-term increase of electricity consumption in remote controlled heat pumps and to lowering power demand during green power deficits using the thermal energy stored in overheated domestic hot water. The dynamic mathematical simulations were made to define the operation and limitation of active control strategy of heat pumps integrated into smart grid. The results allow testing and assessing the potential of individual heat pumps as a next tool for balancing the power system with large scale of renewable power.
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Li, Qiang, You Hong Sun, and Xin Fang. "In Situ Thermal Response Test Methods And Practices." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3087.
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Abstract. As a high efficiency, low consumption and clean energy, ground source heat pump technology has been pay more and more attention, the number of installation of system is growing rapidly. However, the use of geothermal resources is still extensive at this stage. Effective methods are pure in obtaining thermal physical parameters of geothermal wells around. In-situ thermal response testing is close to the real use of heat pumps, when injecting in or extracting heat from geothermal wells, the testing equipment will collect data, and then thermal physical parameters will be accurately calculate. This paper introduce a thermal response testing equipment, the equipment will add a constant cold or heat to geothermal well, circulating heat flow and pressure data is collected as well as temperature. And then thermal physical parameters of formation and heat exchanging performance are calculated.
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Bai, Xue Lian, Ning Yi Liu, Ke Hui Cheng, and Yi Cheng Liu. "Field Testing of Water Source Heat Pump Systems in Chongqing of China." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.302.
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As an application technology of renewable energy resource, water source heat pump (WSHP) has been paid more attention on. WSHP have been practiced especially for saving building energy consumption in Chongqing of China since there is abound water resources. However, it was found that some systems were not operated very well without achieving expected energy efficiency. Taking three real projects which use WSHP for heating and cooling of buildings in Chongqing city to test in field, key parameters were measured and operation performances were analyzed. The influences of water temperature and partial load ratio on system energy efficiency were studied. Based on existing problems, strategies for improving system energy performance are suggested from aspects of design and operating. Dynamic load hourly simulation plays a key role to determine appropriately the size and the form of system. More efforts have to be put on water pumps arrangement to save energy consumed for water transportation which accounts for large part of system energy. The temperature difference and water quality of water source should be controlled according actual operating conditions. The integrated systems and operation strategies under partial load are also beneficial for efficiency improvement.
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Wang, Pengying, and Shuo Zhang. "Retrofitting Strategies Based on Orthogonal Array Testing to Develop Nearly Zero Energy Buildings." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 4451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084451.
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Retrofitting existing buildings to be a nearly zero energy building (nZEB) is an effective solution for greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy consumption reduction. A hybrid approach that integrates the building energy simulation method and orthogonal array testing (OAT) to renovate buildings to nZEB is proposed in this paper. Within a residential building in Changchun, Jilin of China, the total energy consumption index (TECI) and CO2 emission factor for heating are used as evaluation criteria. The reliability of the building energy model is validated and adopted to forecast the energy performance of different building renovation strategies. According to OAT, four passive measures can be ranked by their influence on TECI in descending order as follows: external wall heat transfer coefficient, airtightness, window heat transfer coefficient, and roof heat transfer coefficient. The optimal renovation solution of the studied building can reduce the TECI by 43.18% by only reducing the external wall heat transfer coefficient from 0.5 to 0.2 W/m2·K and the infiltration N50 from 3.6 to 0.4 ac/h. Besides, combined heat and power (CHP) utilities emit less CO2 than heat pumps in providing heating under the current CO2 emission factor of the power grid in China, making it impossible to give up district heating systems until carbon emissions of electricity generation have declined significantly. The results can provide a reference for the application of the nZEB standard in actual retrofitting projects.
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Amoabeng, Kofi, and Jong Choi. "Performance Analysis on the Optimum Control of a Calorimeter with a Heat Recovery Unit for a Heat Pump." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092210.
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Heat pumps are used in many applications, both in households and industries, for space air conditioning and hot water provision. The calorimeter is the equipment used in testing the heat pump system to obtain performance data. In the conventional testing mode and under standard conditions, the calorimeter utilizes a lot of energy through refrigeration and heating systems. In this study, a newly developed calorimeter with a heat recovery unit was used to test the performance of a water-to-water heat pump system. The aim was to minimize the rate of energy used in the conventional calorimeter. Two heat recovery control methods were adopted. In the control (1), the heat recovery unit was used to control the inlet water temperature setpoint for the heat pump indoor heat exchanger, whereas in control (2), the heat recovery unit was used to control the inlet water temperature setpoint for the heat pump outdoor heat exchanger. Tests were executed by varying the operating mode and test conditions. For the heating operating mode, the inlet water setpoint temperatures for the indoor and outdoor heat pump heat exchangers were 40 °C and 5 °C, respectively, whereas for the cooling mode, the inlet water setpoint temperatures for the outdoor and indoor heat pump heat exchangers were 25 °C and 12 °C, respectively. The analyses of the experimental results revealed that the energy saving of the calorimeter with heat recovery was about 71% in cooling mode and 73% in heating mode compared to the conventional calorimeter. Also, the energy consumption of the proposed calorimeter was analyzed based on the control methods. In heating mode, the calorimeter performance was enhanced when the control (2) strategy was used because the energy saving was about 8 to 13% compared to control (1). However, in the cooling mode test, it was the control (1) method that resulted in energy savings of about 6.4 to 21% compared to the control (2) method.
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Piechurski, Krzysztof, Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, and Jan Danielewicz. "Quasi-dynamic model of the energy efficiency degradation coefficient for an air-to-water heat pump." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400139.
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Operating in part-load conditions significantly affects the energy efficiency of the air-to-water heat pumps. The currently used method of testing the devices does not provide the necessary data for estimating the degradation of the device’s efficiency in part-load operating mode. The value of the degradation coefficient Cc = 0.9 adopted in accordance with the EN 14825 standard is generally used. However, this value often does not reflect the actual degree of the COP reduction. Hence the new quasi-dynamic model and the calculation approach to the degradation coefficient were proposed. The model reflects the real and overall reduction between the full and part-load COP, not only the energy consumption in the stand-by mode. The estimation was made using the field measurement data of the air-to-water heat pump supplying heat to the low temperature installation. It has been proved that the determination of the main parameter is possible using a relatively small amount of data without losing an accuracy.
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Bulut, Y., R. E. J. Kemp, J. Koot, and A. Wijhe. "Assessing hybrid heat pump performance in simulated field-trial using hardware in the loop." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1085, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1085/1/012032.
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Abstract Low-carbon heat generators such as (hybrid) heat pumps are very sensitive to operating conditions. Insight into the real-world performance of such systems is essential for stakeholders in order to make informed decisions regarding product design, commissioning systems and predicting energy use. In this research an emulator facility was developed which allows the testing of physical water-based heating generators in a simulated environment whereby a climate chamber simulates outdoor temperature and humidity and a ’heat rejection rig’ couples the tested equipment hydronics to the virtual heat emitter system. The equipment is tested against a fully dynamic house and heating system model. As demonstration case studies for the facility, two hybrid heat pumps have been tested with models of a typical 1970s terraced Dutch house. Weather conditions were based on six representative heating season days. Relevant performance indicators for these tests are gas and electricity consumption, heat pump COP and how these vary across the range of reference days. The results suggest the product control strategy and installer settings have a significant effect on performance indicators. Space heating gas use can be reduced by >60% in some cases while maintaining reasonable heat pump COP. The results highlight the potential to improve product controls and provide guidance for how hybrids should be configured, and hence the facility’s value in product optimisation and knowledge generation.
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Papa, Fabian, Rita Cavaleiro de Ferreira, and Djordje Radulj. "Pumps: energy efficiency & performance indicators." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 872–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.109.
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Pumping is a central component to many water supply and distribution systems, and one which consumes significant amounts of energy. Increased attention to energy conservation is a common theme globally and, in the context of water supply systems, the need to understand the energy efficiency with which pumps operate in situ, and the opportunity to improve upon any inefficiencies, is becoming increasingly recognized. This paper discusses two separate and independently conceived and delivered initiatives that, while taking very different approaches to raising awareness and improving the industry's state of practice in this regard, are rather synergistic when viewed in a holistic sense. Recent work in Mexico is engaging the numerous utilities across the country to begin the measurement of pump energy efficiency, having wide-reaching impact, while work in Canada is exploring the details of individual pump performance through accurate field testing. Both these initiatives use a common approach to measuring performance of pump efficiency, based on the normalization of energy consumption relative to the output of the pump, namely the flow and total dynamic head delivered. The exact performance indicators used are somewhat different, but very closely related, and this paper explores the nuances of these differences in detail. As well, results from both the Mexican and Canadian experiences are presented, and guidance on the use of the performance indicators is provided.
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Pokusaev, Mikhail Nikolaevich, Alexei Viktorovich Trifonov, and Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Kostyrenko. "TESTING PLANT FOR ENGINE WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT COOLING SYSTEM." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2021, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2021-1-15-21.
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The article focuses on developing a new testing system for the Iveco 8041I06 55 R900 engine in the laboratory “Marine Diesels” under Astrakhan state technical university in the event of modernizing the test benches with ship engines. There has been considered creating an ex-perimental unit for conducting heat-balance tests of a marine engine using modern measurement and control tools. The unit consists of a converted engine powered by a generator. The engine will be tested according to the generator characteristic. There is given the data on the main technical parameters of the tested engine and on the potential configuration of the instrument base. As a load for the generator, it is planned to use a resistive load device. A fuel micro-meter will be used to measure the fuel consumption. Flow meters are selected for measuring the flow rates. Heat carriers and temperature sensors are selected for measuring temperature of the exhaust gases. The parameters of the engine under consideration are compared with the requirements of the Russian River Register for marine engines. The scope of work on converting an industrial engine into a marine engine in terms of the modernization of the cooling system has been described. The unit is designed to study the ship's cooling system operation, in which the control is carried out by changing the speed of the suspended pump depending on the temperature of the seawater. There was selected
a pump and a device to regulating its rotating speed. The positive effect is achieved by reducing the power consumed by the pump. It saves the fuel and reduces the environmental damage due to the lower carbon dioxide emissions
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Palomba, Valeria, Antonino Bonanno, Giovanni Brunaccini, Davide Aloisio, Francesco Sergi, Giuseppe E. Dino, Efstratios Varvaggiannis, et al. "Hybrid Cascade Heat Pump and Thermal-Electric Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings: Experimental Testing and Performance Analysis." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092580.
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The need for innovative heating and cooling systems to decarbonize the building sector is widely recognized. It is especially important to increase the share of renewables at building level by maximizing self-consumption and reducing the primary energy demand. Accordingly, in the present paper, the results on a wide experimental campaign on a hybrid system are discussed. The system included a sorption module working as the topping cycle in a cascade configuration with a DC-driven vapor compression heat pump. A three-fluids heat exchanger with a phase change material (PCM), i.e., RT4 with nominal melting temperature of 4 °C, was installed on the evaporator side of the heat pump, for simultaneous operation as thermal storage and heat pumping purposes. The heat pump was connected to a DC-bus that included PV connection and electricity storage (batteries). Results showed that the energy efficiency of the heat pump in cascade operation was double compared to compression-only configuration and that, when simultaneously charging and discharging the latent storage in cascade configuration, no penalization in terms of efficiency compared to the compression-only configuration was measured. The self-sufficiency of the system was evaluated for three reference weeks in summer conditions of Athens climate and it was found that up to 100% of the electricity needed to drive the system could be self-produced for a modest cooling demand and up to 67% for the warmer conditions with high cooling demand.
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SAITO, KIYOSHI, and JONGSOO JEONG. "LATEST SYSTEM SIMULATION MODELS FOR HEATING, REFRIGERATION, AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 20, no. 01 (March 2012): 1230001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132512300017.
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The energy consumption of the systems used in the heating, refrigerating, and air-conditioning field continues to increase. This necessitates improvements to the efficiency of these systems. However, in Japan, the performance of heating, refrigerating, and air-conditioning systems has already been improved greatly owing to the considerable efforts of manufacturers, the government, and academia. Therefore, it will not be easy to further decrease energy consumption simply by improving the efficiency of each system. In order to adhere to the demands of the worldwide energy saving policy, we need to investigate the best combinations and total energy management schemes for heating, refrigeration, and air-conditioning systems. To this end, simulation holds greater promise than actual field-testing because it is not easy to carry out such experiments on actual large-scale systems. High-precision simulation models are necessary for these investigations. Hence, we are developing simulation models for a heat pump, room air-conditioner, desiccant dehumidifier, indirect evaporative cooler, fuel cell, solar panel, and so on. This paper describes high-accuracy simulation models for a CO2 heat pump, absorption heat pump, and desiccant dehumidification system. We also discuss the simulator that we have developed, based on those models. This simulator is called "Energy Flow + M". It is very easy to use because it has a user-friendly GUI. It has already been made available worldwide through the Internet. It is expected to be used to decrease the energy consumed by heating, refrigeration, and air-conditioning systems.
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Mao, Qianjun, Yufeng Chen, Suisui Jin, Lei Shi, and Liangli Xiao. "Experimental analysis of a continuous operating ground source heat pump system in Wuhan, China." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171013261m.
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Coefficient of performance of air conditioning system is the ratio of cooling capacity and power consumption, and also is an important parameter to characterize the performance of the system. Based on an actual ground source heat pump system in Wuhan, China, this paper calculated the coefficient of performance of the system under long-term continuous cooling operation and then evaluated the performance of the system through experiment. The continuous testing time ranged from June 1, 2017, to June 15, 2017, and the outside air temperature ranged from 21?C to 32?C during the testing progress. The experimental results show that the coefficient of performance of the system changes non-linearly with time, and varies greatly with the atmospheric temperature. The results also show that the coefficient of performances average value of the system is about 3.3, and the system has good performance under refrigeration conditions. This paper helps to understand the changes in the distribution characteristics of the coefficient of performance of the ground source heat pump system and promote the wide application of the ground source heat pump system.
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Oliveira, R. N., R. V. M. Reis, R. N. N. Koury, and L. Machado. "TRANSIENT MODEL OF A STATIC EVAPORATOR FOR AN AIR-WATER HEAT PUMP." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 10, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2011): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v10i1-2.61944.
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The increasing demand of electric energy in Brazil, allied to the great consumption in rush hour, has stimulated the study of water heating systems that substitute the electric shower. One of these equipments, the solar collector, is the most viable, with the best cost-benefits relation, because Brazil is a tropical country. A heat pump can be used as a support to solar collectors in places where the climatic conditions and/or the lack of available area of solar collection limit the use of the system. One way to improve this heat pump would be the substitution of its conventional evaporator for a static evaporator. This evaporator is constituted of a metallic plate with conformed canals, inside of which the coil is fixed through which the refrigerator cooling of the heat pump flows. The objective of this paper is the development of a mathematical model in transient regimen to simulate the static evaporator operation of an air-water heat pump. Some simulations had been carried through, that had allowed testing geometric parameters of the system, materials for the pipes and plates and different weather conditions. These computational tests had indicated that the model represents a good tool to project static evaporators.
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Sforzini, Matteo, Gianluigi Lo Basso, Romano Paiolo, Livio De Santoli, and Fabrizio Cumo. "Adsorption gas Heat Pump fuelled with hydrogen enriched natural gas blends: the analytical simulation model development and validation." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019708002.
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This study deals with the implementation of an analytical model to simulate the energy performance associated to a commercial Gas adsorption Heat Pump, when H2NG (Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas) blends are used as fuel. In detail, a water source heat pump manufactured by Robur (GAHP-WS) has been used as a reference device for building the simulation model within the MATLAB-Simulink environment. Thereafter, the simulation results have been validated by the experimental campaign, testing on field and in actual operating conditions the heat pump. Specifically, the model has been developed by implementing the WaterAmmonia mass and energy balances for each component. It is able to evaluate fuel consumption, efficiency in terms of GUE, required thermal power from the cold heat sink as well as the water outlet temperature at the evaporator, once the heating load is used as the main input. The experimental campaign for the model calibration and validation has been carried out over the winter season. Additionally, the heat pump performance has been detected when it operates to supply hot water at 60 °C and 55 °C, and it is fuelled with growing hydrogen fractions, starting from 0% vol., 5% vol. up to 10% vol. In the end, the standard errors as well as the relative ones affecting the main output parameters have computed for the validation process. From the outcomes it emerges that the average relative standard error related to all load conditions is lower than 2.5% for natural gas operation. On the contrary, it ranges between 2.5% and 4% when H2NG at 5% and 10% by volume have been burnt.
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He, Yongning, Feng Cao, Lei Jin, Dongfang Yang, Xiaolin Wang, and Ziwen Xing. "Development and field test of a high-temperature heat pump used in crude oil heating." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 3 (August 12, 2015): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915599109.
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In this paper, a high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) is developed and manufactured to replace the traditional oil-fired boiler heater for crude oil heating. It extracts thermal energy from waste hot water separated from the crude oil to provide high-temperature hot water to heat the crude oil. A prototype of the HTHP system is installed in the Jinzhou oil treatment station in Liaoning, China and the field test is conducted for about 6000 h. A typical 144 h of field testing data is analyzed to evaluate the performance of the designed HTHP system. It is observed that the temperature of hot water provided by the HTHP unit varies from 86 ℃ to 95 ℃ throughout the whole operating period and is sufficient for the crude oil heating (80–90 ℃). The heating capacity and power consumption of the HTHP system varies from 1350 to 1785 kW, and 171 to 197 kW, respectively. The overall system coefficient of performance ranges from 3.5 to 4.4 with an average value of 3.8. Based on the experimental results, a primary energy ratio is introduced to evaluate and compare the economics of the studied HTHP system and oil-fired boiler heater. The comparison shows that the energy consumed by the HTHP unit is only 57% of that consumed by the oil-fired boiler heater. If all traditional oil-fired boiler heaters are replaced by the HTHPs in the Jinzhou oil treatment station, the total yearly energy saving is around 1.12 × 104 tons of equivalent coal which equates to 1.76 × 104 tons of CO2 emissions.
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Morozov, A. O., V. P. Klymenko, O. V. Gedz, M. H. Ievlev, and S. Ye Moiseyenko. "Control systems of hot water supply scheme for modern new buildings." Mathematical machines and systems 2 (2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2022-2-50-63.
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Housing and communal services in Kyiv have more than 10,000 multi-storey houses, and in Ky-iv region, there are more than 5,000. Reducing energy consumption for housing, heat and water supply, and lighting services should be considered as reducing energy costs. The trouble-free operation of the equipment is of the utmost importance. Its resource on many utilities has a minimum margin of safety. Centralized analysis of the equipment control, accounting of motor resources and, accordingly, timely preventive work allow extending the service life of many components of engineering systems in the utility sector, transport, and industry. These problems are solved by distributed systems of automated control of engineering equipment, including control systems of the hot water supply scheme for modern new buildings. In modern new buildings, there is used a scheme of hot water supply (HWS) with two circulating pumps and the HWS regulator. The control cabinet, developed in the IMMSP of the NAS of Ukraine, is made on the basis of the MRTP-7 controller with the corresponding software consisting of gen-eral and special purpose programs. The article considers the principles of building a control sys-tem for hot water supply, considers the software functions of the system, presents a mathemati-cal model of the HWS system, describes a laboratory test site for testing algorithms for HWP control and modeling the HWS control process. The scientific and technical solutions provided in the article can be used in the development of automated control systems for engineering equipment in the utility sector.
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Nazir, Muhammad Shahzad, Sami ud Din, Wahab Ali Shah, Majid Ali, Ali Yousaf Kharal, Ahmad N. Abdalla, and Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar. "Optimal Economic Modelling of Hybrid Combined Cooling, Heating, and Energy Storage System Based on Gravitational Search Algorithm-Random Forest Regression." Complexity 2021 (May 13, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539284.
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The hybridization of two or more energy sources into a single power station is one of the widely discussed solutions to address the demand and supply havoc generated by renewable production (wind-solar/photovoltaic (PV), heating power, and cooling power) and its energy storage issues. Hybrid energy sources work based on the complementary existence of renewable sources. The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) is one of the significant systems and shows a profit from its low environmental impact, high energy efficiency, low economic investment, and sustainability in the industry. This paper presents an economic model of a microgrid (MG) system containing the CCHP system and energy storage considering the energy coupling and conversion characteristics, the effective characteristics of each microsource, and energy storage unit is proposed. The random forest regression (RFR) model was optimized by the gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The test results show that the GSA-RFR model improves prediction accuracy and reduces the generalization error. The detail of the MG network and the energy storage architecture connected to the other renewable energy sources is discussed. The mathematical formulation of energy coupling and energy flow of the MG network including wind turbines, photovoltaic (PV), CCHP system, fuel cell, and energy storage devices (batteries, cold storage, hot water tanks, and so on) are presented. The testing system has been analysed under load peak cutting and valley filling of energy utilization index, energy utilization rate, the heat pump, the natural gas consumption of the microgas turbine, and the energy storage unit. The energy efficiency costs were observed as 88.2% and 86.9% with heat pump and energy storage operation comparing with GSA-RFR-based operation costs as 93.2% and 93% in summer and winter season, respectively. The simulation results extended the rationality and economy of the proposed model.
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Ala-Kotila, Paula, Terttu Vainio, and Jarmo Laamanen. "The Influence of Building Renovations on Indoor Comfort—A Field Test in an Apartment Building." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 4958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184958.
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This article presents a field test of how deep renovation affects indoor climate quality. The studied apartment building was built in 1968 and is located in Finland, within the Nordic climate zone. The deep renovation included façade repair with extra insulation, new windows with trickle vents, new balcony glass and doors, and the installation of an exhaust air heat pump into the existing mechanical exhaust air ventilation. The indoor climate conditions and building envelope tightness were measured before and after the renovation. As a result of these energy renovation measures, the building envelope tightness improved by nearly 40% and the uncontrolled supply of air (draughts) decreased by approximately 24%. The overall energy consumption of the building decreased by 45%. Above all, the long testing period gives credibility to the study. The field test brought up the challenge of supplying an adequate amount of fresh air. This article highlights the fact that windows are part of a mechanical ventilation system if fresh air is not controlled by being led through inlet ducts. The supply air flow and volume must be ensured by correctly dimensioned valves, and therefore we stress the importance of the technical cooperation of technical designers.
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Amato, Angela, Matteo Bilardo, Enrico Fabrizio, Valentina Serra, and Filippo Spertino. "Energy Evaluation of a PV-Based Test Facility for Assessing Future Self-Sufficient Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020329.
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In recent years, investigations on advanced technological solutions aiming to achieve high-energy performance in buildings have been carried out by research centers and universities, in accordance with the reduction in buildings’ energy consumption required by European Union. However, even if the research and design of new technological solutions makes it possible to achieve the regulatory objectives, a building’s performance during operation deviates from simulations. To deepen this topic, interesting studies have focused on testing these solutions on full-scale facilities used for real-life activities. In this context, a test facility will be built in the university campus of Politecnico di Torino (Italy). The facility has been designed to be an all-electric nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB), where heating and cooling demand will be fulfilled by an air-source heat pump and photovoltaic generators will meet the energy demand. In this paper, the facility energy performance is evaluated through a dynamic simulation model. To improve energy self-sufficiency, the integration of lithium-ion batteries in a HVAC system is investigated and their storage size is optimized. Moreover, the facility has been divided into three units equipped with independent electric systems with the aim of estimating the benefits of local energy sharing. The simulation results clarify that the facility meets the expected energy performance, and that it is consistent with a typical European nZEB. The results also demonstrate that the local use of photovoltaic energy can be enhanced thanks to batteries and local energy sharing, achieving a greater independence from the external electrical grid. Furthermore, the analysis of the impact of the local energy sharing makes the case study of particular interest, as it represents a simplified approach to the energy community concept. Thus, the results clarify the academic potential for this facility, in terms of both research and didactic purposes.
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Amato, Angela, Matteo Bilardo, Enrico Fabrizio, Valentina Serra, and Filippo Spertino. "Energy Evaluation of a PV-Based Test Facility for Assessing Future Self-Sufficient Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020329.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, investigations on advanced technological solutions aiming to achieve high-energy performance in buildings have been carried out by research centers and universities, in accordance with the reduction in buildings’ energy consumption required by European Union. However, even if the research and design of new technological solutions makes it possible to achieve the regulatory objectives, a building’s performance during operation deviates from simulations. To deepen this topic, interesting studies have focused on testing these solutions on full-scale facilities used for real-life activities. In this context, a test facility will be built in the university campus of Politecnico di Torino (Italy). The facility has been designed to be an all-electric nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB), where heating and cooling demand will be fulfilled by an air-source heat pump and photovoltaic generators will meet the energy demand. In this paper, the facility energy performance is evaluated through a dynamic simulation model. To improve energy self-sufficiency, the integration of lithium-ion batteries in a HVAC system is investigated and their storage size is optimized. Moreover, the facility has been divided into three units equipped with independent electric systems with the aim of estimating the benefits of local energy sharing. The simulation results clarify that the facility meets the expected energy performance, and that it is consistent with a typical European nZEB. The results also demonstrate that the local use of photovoltaic energy can be enhanced thanks to batteries and local energy sharing, achieving a greater independence from the external electrical grid. Furthermore, the analysis of the impact of the local energy sharing makes the case study of particular interest, as it represents a simplified approach to the energy community concept. Thus, the results clarify the academic potential for this facility, in terms of both research and didactic purposes.
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Ciuman, Piotr, Jan Kaczmarczyk, and Małgorzata Jastrzębska. "Simulation Analysis of Heat Pumps Application for the Purposes of the Silesian Botanical Garden Facilities in Poland." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010340.
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Generating energy from renewable sources is becoming more and more popular and widespread. Air source heat pumps are one of the most popular types of heat pumps due to the general availability of a heat source and relatively low investment costs. The aim of the paper was to investigate the impact of the use of air heat pumps on the improvement of energy efficiency of Silesian Botanical Garden facilities in Poland. Year-round numerical analyses of energy consumption were carried out with the use of IDA ICE software, based on data received from the facility administrator. Different variants of the boiler room configuration including air-to-water heat pumps were analysed. The results showed that implementation of heat pumps led to significant decrease of energy consumption in the building and reduction of values of Primary Energy and CO2 emission.
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Klimov, R., A. Pododnia, and A. Morozovskaya. "OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT PUMPS IN DRYERS." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, no. 41 (December 19, 2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.41.2022.15.
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The rapid rise in energy prices in the world makes the problem of energy saving relevant for today. Drying of materials is one of the most energy-intensive heat-technological processes. Despite the high heat consumption for drying processes, the quality of the resulting material may not meet modern requirements, and the specific energy consumption will be too high. Therefore, consideration of new means and devices for drying materials using heat pumps is promising.
The efficiency of the dryer depends on the degree of air recirculation. In dryers, complete recirculation of exhaust gases is impossible, since an increase in the moisture content of the air significantly reduces its drying capacity. But the heat pump can be effectively used as a means of removing moisture from the exhaust gases of the dryers, while it is possible to increase the proportion of their recirculation.
The aim of the study is to determine the optimal value of the percentage of recirculation of the treated exhaust gases from the dryer, at which the greatest energy savings are achieved.
The installation of a heat pump downstream of the dryer on the flue gas side effects both the humidity and temperature conditions by recirculating some of the flue gases treated in the heat pump to the dryer inlet. As the results of the study showed, the use of a heat pump to dry the exhaust wet gas and return it to the cycle makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the dryer, but energy is wasted to drive the heat pump compressor. In accordance with this, the consumption of primary fuel is also reduced to obtain the required amount of thermal energy for heating.
The developed method makes it possible to determine the optimal proportion of exhaust air recirculation in dryers in order to achieve the greatest savings in primary fuel compared to conventional recirculation.
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Rynkowski, Piotr. "The energy source for heat pumps with vertical heat exchangers." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400157.
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The paper presents the ground temperature analysis, heat flows and energy transferred from the soil massif by the vertical ground heat exchangers (VGHE). Three cases – with one, two and three vertical heat exchangers were compared. Their influences on the soil massif temperature in the heat exchangers area were shown. The mass flow and the temperature at the inlet and outlet side of the heat pump were measured in each circuit. Additional, the electricity consumption by the heat pump and energy supply to buffer vessel were measured. Finally, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) as a function of length of VGHE is shown for selected interval time.
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Gromada, Arkadiusz, and Paulina Trębska. "ACQUISITION AND CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY USED BY HEAT PUMPS IN 2010-2017 IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2072.
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The article focuses on energy carriers previously performing a marginal role in the structure of obtaining energy from renewable sources, i.e. heat pumps. These energy carriers may, in the future, play an important role, because their importance in national states of affairs is increasing. The aim of the article is to assess the amount of energy obtained and consumed by heat pumps in 2010-2017, in Poland. The literature study method was used to implement the above-mentioned objective. The article uses secondary data from the Central Statistical Office. In the analyzed period, there was a systematic increase in the acquisition and consumption of energy obtained by heat pumps in Poland. The heat obtained using heat pumps in 2017 amounted to 2,688 TJ and was more than twice as high as in 2010. Heat pumps are a widely available technology and their use by households in Poland influences the implementation of energy policies of the country and the European Union, aimed at increasing the use of renewable energy sources. The case study method was used, where the heating costs of a single-family house, depending on the fuel used, were compared with constant assumptions.
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Xu, Chuan Qi, Song Pan, Zhen Hui, Jin Shun Wu, Yun Mo Wang, Li Fan, and Xin Ru Wang. "Building Energy Audit and Energy-Saving Analysis for a Five-Star Hotel in Beijing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.521.
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Building energy audit and equipment energy-saving assessment are an important part of the building energy monitoring system in the construction. This paper takes a five-star hotel in Beijing as an example and audits the building energy consumption of the hotel. By testing air conditioning chillers, chilled water pumps, cooling water pumps and other equipments analyses energy-saving potentiality of the conditioning system and lighting equipments. The results would help us put forward some sound energy-saving measures, regulatory frameworks and reduce energy equipment consumption.
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Parnitzki, D. "Digital control of heat pumps with minimized power consumption." International Journal of Energy Research 13, no. 2 (1989): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440130206.
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Bianco, Vincenzo, Annalisa Marchitto, Federico Scarpa, and Luca A. Tagliafico. "Heat pumps for buildings heating: Energy, environmental, and economic issues." Energy & Environment 31, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18787272.
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The present paper analyzes the Italian energy system focusing on the possible energy, environmental, and economic effects that the utilization of individual heat pumps for winter heating can produce. To this aim, a model of the Italian energy system is developed by employing the tool EnergyPLAN in order to develop an hourly simulation of the system at country level. Different scenarios in terms of heat pumps penetration, ranging between 10% and 50%, are simulated and sensitivity analyses in terms of average coefficient of performance of heat pumps are performed. The increase of heat pumps generation shows a steadily decrease of fossil fuel consumption for buildings heating, as well as a reduction of carbon emissions. The utilization of heat pumps for buildings heating leads to an increase of 10 p.p. in the load factor of the combined cycle gas turbine thermal power plants. Furthermore, an optimal heat pumps penetration is determined, namely 20%, which minimizes the energy system costs, calculated as the sum of fuel cost and externalities savings.
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Kłosowiak, R., J. Bartoszewicz, and R. Urbaniak. "Portable Heat Pump Testing Device." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 20, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2015-0044.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the design and working principle of a portable testing device for heat pumps in the energy recirculation system. The presented test stand can be used for any refrigerating/reverse flow cycle device to calculate the device energy balance. The equipment is made of two portable containers of the capacity of 250 liters to simulate the air heat source and ground heat source with a system of temperature stabilization, compressor heat pump of the coefficient of performance (COP) of = 4.3, a failsafe system and a control and measurement system.
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Klimov, R., and A. Morozovskaya. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, no. 39 (December 21, 2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.39.2021.11.
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The consumption of energy resources in the world states is constantly growing from year to year. The production of fossil fuels is also increasing, but for various reasons it cannot fully cover the required amount from consumers. One of the most important consumption sectors is heat loads from heating, ventilation and hot water supply of industrial and residential buildings. To cover the thermal loads of heating and hot water supply, the necessary heat carrier is water heated to a certain temperature. The most promising from the point of view of heating water for hot water supply are solar collectors. Hot water for heating needs to be reheated practically throughout the entire heating period. The introduction of heat pumps is promising. When using solar collectors, the heating agent can be reheated in heat pumps.
The aim of the study is to develop such a combined heat supply system that uses more renewable energy and as a peak source a fossil fuel boiler (electric energy), as well as a method for calculating this system to determine the optimal composition of equipment and rational modes of its operation.
The methodology for calculating heat supply systems combining solar collectors, heat pumps and fossil fuel boilers is presented. The problem of load distribution between the main elements of the combined heat supply system should take into account the probabilistic component. This is due to the fact that with a changing real mode of operation, different thermal load of the equipment can be optimal. This is primarily influenced by the variable heat inputs from solar collectors during the day. According to the above method, it is possible to determine the optimal parameters of the heat supply system for different operating modes, at which the minimum consumption of fossil fuel will be ensured.
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Kuryło, Konrad, and Adam Ruciński. "A comparative study on electric and gas engine heat pump." E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701050.
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The paper compares heat pumps driven by electric motors (EHP) with heat pumps driven by gas engines (GEHP). GEHPs are still a novelty on the Polish HVACR market - therefore, the subject of the study is to indicate whether in Polish climatic conditions their use is profitable. A thorough analysis of the energy consumption of selected devices was carried out due to the consumption of utilities needed for their propulsion and the related costs. This has been done by calculating seasonal efficiency coefficients and using an innovative method of comparative modifiers allowing for unification of the performance of EHP and GEHP pumps. The results obtained include average energy efficiency coefficients, operating costs and payback times. Discussion of the calculation results proved that under certain assumptions GEHP pumps may be competitive with EHP heat pumps due to the possibility of managing waste heat at high temperatures.
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You, Zhengjie, Michel Zade, Babu Kumaran Nalini, and Peter Tzscheutschler. "Flexibility Estimation of Residential Heat Pumps under Heat Demand Uncertainty." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 5709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185709.
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With the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy generation, there is a growing demand to use the inherent flexibility within buildings to absorb renewable related disruptions. Heat pumps play a particularly important role, as they account for a high share of electricity consumption in residential units. The most common way of quantifying the flexibility is by considering the response of the building or the household appliances to external penalty signals. However, this approach neither accounts for the use cases of flexibility trading nor considers its impact on the prosumer comfort, when the heat pump should cover the stochastic domestic hot water (DHW) consumption. Therefore, in this paper, a new approach to quantifying the flexibility potential of residential heat pumps is proposed. This methodology enables the prosumers themselves to generate and submit the operating plan of the heat pump to the system operator and trade the alternative operating plans of the heat pump on the flexibility market. In addition, the impact of the flexibility provision on the prosumer comfort is investigated by calculating the warm water temperature drops in the thermal energy storage given heat demand forecast errors. The results show that the approach with constant capacity reservation in the thermal energy storage provides the best solution, with an average of 2.5 min unsatisfactory time per day and a maximum temperature drop of 2.3 °C.
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Derii, V. O., I. S. Sokolovska, and O. I. Teslenko. "Prospects for using heat pumps in district heating systems around the world and Ukraine." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.03.043.
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Trends in the use of heat pumps in district heating systems (DHS) of European countries and their prospects in Ukraine are considered. It is established that special programs have been created to stimulate heat pumps introduction in many countries around the world in order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels for heat supply purposes. The production of heat pumps in EU countries is regulated by the relevant Directives and Commission Regulations (EU). Ukraine is actively working to harmonize these documents, improving and adapting Ukrainian legislation to European one. There is no unified approach to regulate the introduction and use of heat pumps in the world. Each country has its own regulations with appropriate permits and restrictions. The construction of heat pump systems requires certain permits from the relevant agencies, both at the state and regional (local) levels. During the operation of powerful heat pumps, their productivity and consumption of energy of low-potential heat source are monitored. The use of electricity in all sectors of the world economy will develop at a rapid pace. In 2050, electrification will take a leading position in the production of DHS thermal energy in Ukraine that will lead to mass use of heat pumps. The total heat capacity of the installed heat pumps will increase over the next thirty years and will reach 6.3 GW in 2050 that will provide an annual production of 14.8 million Gcal of thermal energy. The role of heat pumps in DHS will be as follows: generation of thermal energy during the heating period, centralized hot water supply and cold supply in summer, daily regulation of electric load of power systems. Keywords: district heating systems, thermal energy, heat pump, electric boiler, generation structure, electric load
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Lin, Yaolin, Zhenyan Bu, Wei Yang, Haisong Zhang, Valerie Francis, and Chun-Qing Li. "A Review on the Research and Development of Solar-Assisted Heat Pump for Buildings in China." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091435.
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The building sector accounts for over 40% of global energy consumption. The utilization of renewable energy systems such as the solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) in buildings has been shown to improve building energy efficiency and achieve carbon neutrality. This paper presents a review of the research and development of solar-assisted heat pumps for buildings in China. It firstly introduces the different stages of solar-assisted heat pump research. Secondly, the research on different types of heat pumps, the core components of heat pumps, the computer software used, and the economic feasibility evaluation of solar-assisted heat pumps are presented. Thirdly, the application of SAHPs in practical projects is examined and relevant regulations, standards, and policies for solar-assisted heat pump development in China are highlighted. Finally, recommendations for the future development of solar-assisted heat pumps in China are suggested.
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Almohammed, Omar Abdulhadi Mustafa, Farida Mizkhatovna Philippova, Fouad Ibrahim Alhajj Hassan, Nail Farilovich Timerbaev, and Anatoliy Anatolyevich Fomin. "Practical study on heat pump enhancement by the solar energy." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801069.
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The heat pumps system is one of the most remarkable system that is widely used around the world, their capacity is different according to necessity. The energy consumption in those systems will limit their effectiveness. This study will try to prove the positive reactance of the new changes (the additional heat exchanger) on the heat pump work, where the power consumption will reduce about (13-17%). The study includes the experimental results of the laboratory model, which has been manufactured in the laboratories of the technical college of Mosul/Northern technical university-Iraq. The model consists of the heat pump that was improved by using the additional heat exchanger, its duty is to heat the refrigerant before entering the compressor, by using solar energy. The results of this work prove the positive effect of the additional heat exchanger, on the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, in both modes of heating and cooling. The conclusions are useful to the industries that deal with heat pumps.
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Koroli, M. A., and O. Kh Ishnazarov. "Heat production model by a heat pump." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 990, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/990/1/012050.
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Abstract The article deals with the possibility of determining the consumption of electrical energy by heat pumps. In the course of research experimental measurements have been made and energy characteristics of heat pump have been determined. The parameters of the heat pump, which essentially influence the degree of heat production, are determined. As a result of statistical processing of the experimental data the regression model of heat production by the heat pump is received.
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Tseyzer, Grigoriy, Olga Ptashkina-Girina, and Olga Guseva. "Efficiency of use of waste heat energy on the example of Chelyabinsk." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914011003.
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We consider the possibility of improving the existing heat-suppling system in Chelyabinsk through the introduction of heat pump technology for the disposal of waste low-grade heat. Sources of information concerning the ways of utilization of waste thermal energy, the principles of work of heat pumps, classification of city sources of waste heat are analyzed. The technique directed to assess the effectiveness of applying heat pumps for each category of city sources of waste thermal energy is designed. The calculated assessment showed that the utilization of waste heat in the conditions of Chelyabinsk will reduce the annual energy of fuel consumption by 2.2 million tons of conventional fuel (24.9%). At the same time, thermal pollution will decrease by 1.5 million tons of equivalent fuel. This effect is possible with the use of heat pumps with a total heat output of 1,145 MW.
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Rabczak, Sławomir, and Danuta Proszak-Miąsik. "The impact of selected heat pumps on CO2 emissions." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500071.
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The increase in energy consumption in the world, with the decreasing resources of conventional energy, is increasingly leading to campaigns aimed at limiting the acquisition of energy from non-renewable sources to intensify the use of alternative energy sources. The paper presents the possibilities of obtaining heat energy using a heat pump for heating purposes, ventilation and hot water preparation. Hot heat sources for the heat pump are discussed and their energy possibilities in relation to the geographical conditions of the territory of Poland. Variants of heat pump cooperation with renewable sources in the form of air, soil and water were adopted for analysis. Two cases of co-operation of the ground collector with the heat pump are also considered, in the form of vertical and horizontal wells of the heat exchanger type. Based on the known methodology of seasonal heat demand, the final and primary energy consumption was determined for each analyzed case together with auxiliary energy. Based on the calculations carried out, the final emission of carbon dioxide was determined for individual cases and they were compared with the emission that would be generated when producing heat using a gas boiler and heating network.
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Luo, Qing Hai, and Zheng Zuo. "Heat Pumps for Energy Saving of Building Hot Water Supply." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.587.
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This paper analyzes the energy consumption of hot water supply in buildings and the insurmountable shortcoming of low energy efficiency of conventional water heaters, and investigates the progress and problems of developing heat pump water heaters. It is pointed out that developing of heat pump water heaters is one of the efficient approaches to improve the energy efficiency of hot water supply.
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Sergeyev, Vitaliy, Irina Anikina, Konstantin Kalmykov, and Ivan Naletov. "Efficiency of using heat pumps with various refrigerants in real steam turbine power units with PT-80 and T-250 turbines." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914010001.
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Prospects for increasing the efficiency of heat and electric energy-generation and heat-and-power supply at thermal power plants obviously draw attention to such modern and innovative technologies as heat pumps. Heat pumps allow efficient redistribution of energy flows. The abundance of low-potential heat carriers and heat sources in the cycle arrangement of the thermal power plants operation requires modernization of production and increase of the fuel heat utilization factor, therefore, reduction of specific fuel consumption for the production of heat and electricity. This paper analyzes the influence and practicability of introducing heat pumps into the heating circuit of the return water of the heat network of power units with PT-80 and T-250 turbines. Heat pumps of various configurations provide invariant energy conversion factor and efficiency. To assess energy and economic efficiency, modeling of the operation of power units and calculation of heat pump circuits for various refrigerants are performed. The economic effect is represented in quarterly cash savings of operating costs.
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Kuzmin, Sergey. "Analysis of energy generation by air-water heat pumps for individual building heating systems." E3S Web of Conferences 295 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129504006.
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The work provides a method of determining the number of energy components of the heating system of residential individual buildings with air-to-water heat pumps in the conditions of changing potential of heat-containing environment for different climatic areas. On the basis of the analytical and empirical dependencies obtained, reflecting the connection between the energy indicators of the heating-heat pump system, the heating system and heat pumps were analyzed during the heating period. Graphic dependences on energy consumption and thermal energy production on climatic characteristics - temperature and duration of its standing for the characteristic points of the country’s climatic zones - “moderate-cold,” “moderate” and “warm with mild winter” are given. Conclusions have been drawn about the possibility and prospects of using heat pumps as heat generators in heating systems.
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Ochs, Fabian, Mara Magni, and Georgios Dermentzis. "Integration of Heat Pumps in Buildings and District Heating Systems—Evaluation on a Building and Energy System Level." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 3889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113889.
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The use of heat pumps in buildings is one of the best and often the only option for the decarbonization of the building stock. District heating seems a promising solution in urban areas and in existing buildings when the use of heat pumps is restricted and also technically and economically challenging (source exploitation, space restrictions, sound emissions, etc.). Heat pumps can be integrated in various ways in buildings and district heating systems: large central high-temperature heat pumps in district heating, medium-size heat pumps block- or building-wise or small heat pumps decentral apartment-wise. The best option depends on the individual district heating CO2 emissions and the electricity mix as well as on the perspective of the building owner versus that one of the district heating system and its future development. Austrian examples of district heating systems and different variants of integrating heat pumps are investigated in a comprehensive way by means of an energetic and environmental simulation-based analysis. This assessment includes a detailed investigation of the capabilities of the booster heat pump to increase the PV own-consumption and is also expanded to include various scenarios for the development of the electricity mix and the decarbonisation of district heating.
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O’Reilly, J. M., and P. F. Monaghan. "Wind Evaporator Heat Pumps—Part II: Thermal Performance Results." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905955.
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Wind evaporators are alternative evaporators for air source heat pumps which rely on wind-driven or natural convection to move air across the heat transfer surfaces. A fully automatic, computer-controlled test facility which allows side-by-side testing of wind evaporator and conventional heat pumps and monitoring of weather conditions has been designed and built at University College Galway. The aim of this paper is to quantify the advantages of wind evaporators by comparing the performance of a wind evaporator heat pump with that of a conventional heat pump over an extended testing period and by examining the relationship between weather conditions and heat pump performance. In this paper, results are presented in the form of plots of coefficient of performance (COP), compressor power, evaporator and condenser heat transfers and climatic variables against time. In addition, a testing period coefficient of performance has been calculated for each heat pump. The results show that wind speed is the dominant climatic variable affecting wind evaporator heat pump performance, and that frost growth does not significantly reduce this performance. Even at extremely low wind speeds, the COP of the wind evaporator heat pump is not significantly affected. After over 460 hr of testing, the testing period COP of the wind evaporator heat pump shows a 16 percent increase over that of the conventional heat pump. (Refer to Nomenclature in Part I of this paper.)
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Kuzmin, Sergey, and Leonid Kudelkin. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of heat pumps of the “water-water” type in the wastewater disposal system of the building." E3S Web of Conferences 311 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131105001.
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The paper presents the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of heat pumps of the “water-water” type for the extraction of thermal energy from the wastewater of wastewater disposal systems of residential buildings. A system of equations characterizing the operation of heat pumps in the system - “drains-heat consumption” - is obtained. The thermal potential of the wastewater and the cost of the extracted energy were estimated.
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Treshcheva, Milana, Dmitry Treshchev, Irina Anikina, and Sergei Skulkin. "The potential for reducing TPP water consumption through the use of heat pumps." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914011001.
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Largest part of consumed water resources in Russian Federation is related to energy sector; accordingly, we need to develop measures to ensure their rational use. This paper analyzes the potential for reducing water consumption of thermal power plants by applying heat pumps in the condenser cooling system of a steam turbine plant. The calculations were performed for two CCGT-450 power units with three main options for technical water supply systems. The greatest environmental and economic effects are provided by the use of heat pumps at TPPs with a once-through water supply system. Utilization of all low-grade heat of the condenser cooling system of a steam turbine plant is irrational due to an increase in energy consumption for TPP own needs. With a further growth of tax rates for water intake from surface water bodies, positive effect of application of heat pumps in the condenser cooling system of a steam turbine plant will increase by an order of magnitude.
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Jarre, M., M. Noussan, and M. Simonetti. "Primary energy consumption of heat pumps in high renewable share electricity mixes." Energy Conversion and Management 171 (September 2018): 1339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.067.
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Trunov, Stanislav S., and Aleksey V. Kuzmichev. "Economic Feasibility of Application Semiconductor Heat Pumps." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-63-66.
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Energy consumption around the world is growing continuously and more rapidly. There are three ways to solve the energy problem in the future: the use of new and more efficient use of existing energy sources and the rational use of extracted energy. Modern technologies for developing fuel deposits allow extracting on average no more than 40 percent of the subsurface content, the level of science and technology does not allow achieving a greater level of its extraction with sufficient economic effect. The most cost-effective, simple and feasible way to efficiently use the extracted energy is to utilize the waste heat. The article considers the advantages and possibility of using thermoelectric heat pumps based on Peltier elements. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in justifying the effectiveness of using semiconductor heat pumps in thermal technological processes at livestock facilities. (Materials and methods) During the study, the authors used methods of system analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge in the field of research on the development of thermoelectric heat pumps. (Results and discussion) The article presents the adjusted methodology for calculating the efficiency of thermoelectric heat pumps. The heat energy withdrawn by the hot circuit, and directed to heating the air, exceeds the energy consumed from the electrical network. (Conclusions) The utilization coefficient in most modern thermoelectric installations is at the level of 3-5, which means that one kilowatt-hour of electrical energy consumed produces 3-5 times more thermal energy. Heat pumps are efficient because they allow to use renewable energy, and therefore they are economically feasible.
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Wang, Fujen, Kusnandar, Hungwen Lin, and Minghua Tsai. "Energy Efficient Approaches by Retrofitting Heat Pumps Water Heating System for a University Dormitory." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080356.
Full textAbstract:
With the cost of energy rising, the value of conservation grows. Interest in energy efficiency could be a sound investment or a necessary public policy. Heat pump systems provide economical alternatives of recovering heat from different sources for use in various applications. The objective of this study is to present the strategic approach on the energy efficient analysis of the water heating system retrofitted by applying a heat pump system in the dormitory of a university. Energy savings were determined by comparing field measurements of water consumption, water temperature and power consumption of the overall system before (electric resistance heating system) and after (heat pump heating system) the implementation of this project. Furthermore, the building energy simulation code (eQuest) has been applied to verify and predict the long-term energy consumption for both water heating systems. The results from energy modelling revealed the good agreement for energy simulation and field measurement data and the improvement of energy efficiency and energy savings could be achieved satisfactorily by retrofitting of a heat pump system. The energy conversion efficiency of hot water for energy consumption at 0.63 (Mcal/Mcal) could be achieved after the application of heat pump water heating system. It also presented the annual saving about USD 20,000 (NTD 600,000) for the dorm by using a heat pump heating system under the electrical billing rate of Taiwan.