Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heat Pump Controller Assessment'
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Wolf, Tobias. "Model-based Assessment of Heat Pump Flexibility." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-284083.
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Today's energy production is changing from scheduled to intermittent generation due to the increasing energy injection from renewable sources. This alteration requires flexibility in energy generation and demand. Electric heat pumps and thermal storages were found to have a large potential to provide demand flexibility which is analysed in this work. A three-fold method is set up to generate thermal load profiles, to simulate heat pump pools and to assess heat pump flexibility. The thermal profile generation based on a combination of physical and behavioural models is successfully validated against measurement data. A randomised system sizing procedure was implemented for the simulation of heat pump pools. The parameter randomisation yields correct seasonal performance factors, full load hours and average operation cycles per day compared to 87 monitored systems. The flexibility assessment analysis the electric load deviation of representative heat pump pool in response to 5 different on / off signals. The flexibility is induced by the capacity of thermal storages and analysed by four parameters. Generally, on signals are more powerful than off signals. A generic assessment by the ambient temperature yield that the flexibility is highest for heating days and the activated additional space heating storage: Superheating of the storage to the maximal temperature provides a flexible energy of more than 400 kWh per 100 heat pumps in a temperature range between -10 and +13 °C.
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Martin-Du, Pan Oliver. "Operational performance assessment of decentralised energy and district heating systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17456.
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District heating systems can contribute to reducing the UK's CO2 emissions. This thesis investigates the operational performance of current district heating (DH) systems with the existing and a possible future energy sector. The main contributions to knowledge are: Operational, financial and exergy performance assessments of three functioning DH systems and one decentralised energy (DE) technology A methodology to optimise a DH system in a resource efficient and cost effective way The aims of DH systems are to provide heat, reduce CO2 emissions, ensure energy security by operating in a resource efficient way and to tackle fuel poverty. However, the case studies in this project confirm that DH systems operate poorly in the UK. This is largely because of the heat losses from the DH network to the soil being high and the plant operation being suboptimal. Four case studies were analysed. The 785 room Strand Palace hotel has two 250 kWe combined heat and power (CHP) engines set to modulate following the hotel's electricity consumption and providing approximately 90% of this annual demand. It was found that the CHP engines never operate at full load throughout a full day, firstly because the plant cannot export electricity to the grid and secondly the system is not fitted with a thermal store. Financial analysis revealed that the hotel does not reduce its heating cost by operating the CHP engines, but that the energy service company (ESCo) makes £77,000 net operating income per year. Elmswell in Suffolk (UK) is a low heat density DH system that generates heat with a 2008 biomass boiler and pumps it to 26 terraced and semi-detached dwellings. It was found that 39% of its heat is lost to the soil and that the natural gas boiler generates 45% of the heating load and operates with a seasonal efficiency of 65%. The heat losses to the soil for this system were compared to a DH system of higher heat density, Loughborough University, with a lower heat loss of 22% to the soil. In August 2011, Loughborough University installed a 1.6 MWe CHP engine to operate with four 3 MWth natural gas boilers to supply heat to its DH network. A study undertaken demonstrated that by adding a 2 MWe CHP engine with a thermal storage instead of a 1.6 MWe CHP engine on its own could further increase the CO2 emissions savings from 8% to 12.4%. The energy centre at Pimlico District Heating Undertaking (PDHU) includes a gas fired cogeneration plant that supplies heat to 3 schools, 3,256 dwellings and 55 commercial units. It also benefits from a 2,500 m3 thermal store. Every component of PDHU was investigated in detail and its current operation was optimised and compared to a selection of new operating scenarios. It was found that: i) The thermal store operated with 93% thermal efficiency and was not used to reduce the energy consumption or to enable more cogeneration, ii) The CHP engines were undersized and generated only 18% of the required heat in 2012, iii) The boilers modulate and £ 70,000 could be saved per year by setting them to operate at full load by making use of the thermal store, iv) By installing an open-loop heat pump using the river Thames, PDHU could then guarantee to comply with current and likely future policies impacts by setting the energy plant to operate in CHP mode or as an electricity consumer at defined times to benefit from low energy utility costs and to minimise CO2 emissions. A comparison of selected performance metrics was then undertaken and it was found that none of the three DH systems operate in a resource efficient way and that the heating cost could be reduced further by optimising the operation of the systems. To do this, a new optimisation methodology is proposed by maximising their exergy efficiency in addition to maximising their overall energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction.
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Vo, Minh Toàn. "Assessment of heat pump operating faults coupled with building energy simulation using Petri net model." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03685404.
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Les pompes à chaleur offrent une solution efficace et durable pour le chauffage et le refroidissement des bâtiments. Cependant, ces systèmes fonctionnent parfois avec une faible efficacité, en raison des défauts. Dans cette recherche, nous nous concentrons sur trois défauts de fonctionnement : les fuites de réfrigérant, l'encrassement du condenseur et l'encrassement de l'évaporateur. Ce sont les défauts de fonctionnement les plus fréquents et les plus impactés. Nous proposons de développer une méthode pour modéliser ces défauts de fonctionnement et les associer à un modèle de simulation de bâtiment. En premier lieu, nous avons développé des modèles physiques d'une pompe à chaleur résidentielle air-air afin d’estimer le coefficient de performance (COP/EER) de la pompe à chaleur, en fonction de l'intensité d'utilisation, et du défaut de fonctionnement. Ensuite, un modèle de réseau de Petri a été proposé pour déterminer a priori la structure de l'évolution des défauts. Dans un deuxième temps, nous appliquons une notion d'incertitude de la base de données des défauts pour prendre en compte différents cas de travail et généraliser le modèle d'occurrence des défauts. Nous l'avons associé à l'outil de simulation énergétique dynamique COMETh, pour simuler la consommation énergétique annuelle. Cette méthode nous permet d'analyser et de déterminer l'incertitude globale des impacts des défauts sur les performances de la pompe à chaleur et sur la consommation énergétique totale du bâtiment. La méthode a été appliquée à un cas d’étude sur un bâtiment résidentiel à Paris sur une période de 15 ans. Les résultats soulignent la possibilité de la méthodologie proposéeHeat pumps give an efficient and sustainable solution for both heating and cooling. However, these systems sometimes operate with a lower efficiency, because of the faults. In this research, we focus on three operating faults : refrigerant leakage, condenser fouling, and evaporator fouling. They are the most frequent and most impacted operating faults. They evolve undetectably over time until they start to create the energy and comfort problems. We propose to develop a method to model these operating faults and to associate them with a building simulation model. In the first place, we developed physical models of an air-to-air residential heat pump in order to predict the coefficient of performance (COP/EER) of the heat pump, as a function of the use intensity, and operating fault. Then, a Petri net model was proposed to determine a priori structure of fault evolution. In the second step, we apply a notion of uncertainty of fault database to take into account different working cases and generalize the fault occurrence model. We associated it with the dynamic energy simulation tool COMETh, a building simulation model developed by CSTB, to simulate the annual energy consumption. This method helps us to analyze and determine the global uncertainty of fault impacts on the heat pump performance and on the whole energy consumption of the building. The method was applied to a case study of residential building in Paris over 15 years. With three heat pump operating faults, the building consumption remarkably increased from the third year. At the 15th year, the building consumption is double than the standard value. The results underline the possibility of the proposed methodology
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Khadra, Alaa. "Economic Performance Assessment of Three Renovated Multi-Family Houses with Different HVAC Systems." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29076.
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Since the building sector is responsible for 40% of the energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions in the EU, the reduction of energy use has become a priority in this sector. The EU has adopted several policies to improve energy efficiency. One of these policies aims to achieve energy efficient renovations in at least 3% of buildings owned and occupied by governments annually. In Sweden, a large part of existing buildings was built between 1965 and 1974, a period commonly referred to as ‘miljonprogrammet’. Stora Tunabyggen AB, the public housing company in Borlänge municipality, begun a renovation project in the Tjärna Ängar neighborhood within the municipality with the greatest share of its buildings stock from this period. The pilot project started in 2015. The aim of this project was to renovate three buildings with similar measures, that is, by adding 150 mm attic insulation, replacing windows with higher performing ones (U-value 1 W/m ²K), by adding 50 mm of insulation to the infill walls and by the installation of flowreducing taps. The essential difference between the three renovation packages is the HVAC systems. The selected HVAC systems are (1) exhaust air heat pump, (2) mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and (3) exhaust ventilation. Life cycle cost analysis was conducted for the three building and sensitivity analysis for different values of discount rate and energy price escalation was performed. The study found that the house with exhaust ventilation has the lowest life cycle cost and the highest energy cost. The house with exhaust air heat pump has 3% higher life cycle cost and 18% lower energy use at 3% discount rate and 3% energy price escalation. The study found that mechanical ventilation with heat recovery is not profitable, although it saves energy. The sensitivity analysis has shown that the possible increment of price energy and lower discount rate give higher value for the future costs in life cycle cost analysis. This lead to the main finding of this thesis, which is that exhaust air heat pump is the best choice for the owner according to the available data and the assessed parameters.
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Zhang, Lingxi. "Techno-economic and environmental assessment of a smart multi-energy grid." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/technoeconomic-and-environmental-assessment-of-a-smart-multienergy-grid(c517bfe4-585e-4d49-bafb-d97dbfc15aa9).html.
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This PhD thesis proposes a bottom-up approach that accurately addresses the operational flexibility embedded in each part of a multi-energy system (MES). Several models which cover the simulations from replicating domestic electrified demands to power system scheduling are proposed. More specifically, a domes-tic multi-energy consumption model is firstly developed to simulate one minute resolution energy profiles of individual dwellings with the installation of prospec-tive technologies (i.e., electric heat pumps (EHPs), electric vehicles (EVs)). After-wards, a fast linear programming (LP) unit commitment (UC) model is devel-oped with the consideration of characteristics of generators and a full set of ancil-lary services (i.e., frequency response and reserves). More importantly, the fre-quency response requirements in low inertia systems are assessed with the con-sideration of three grid frequency regulations (i.e., rate of change of frequency, Nadir and quasi-steady state). Furthermore, the UC model has integrated vari-ous flexibility contributors in MES to provide ancillary and flexibility services, which include pumped hydro storages (PHSs), interconnectors, batteries and demand side resources (i.e., individual EHPs, heat networks, electrolysers). More importantly, the fast frequency response (FFR) provision from nonsynchronous resources is implemented and the demand response application of electrolysers is taken as an example to provide FFR in the UC model. By using the integrated UC model with the consideration of flexibility services provided by resources in the MES, the advantages of multi-energy operation can be clearly identified which can be used to inform system operators and policy makers to design and operate energy systems in a more economic and environment-friendly way.
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Пташник, Роман Ярославович, and Roman Ptashnyk. "Розробка та дослідження автоматизованої системи управління тепловим насосом." Master's thesis, Тернопіль, ТНТУ, 2019. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/29798.
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Роботу виконано на кафедрі ком’пютерно-інтегрованих технологій Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України Захист відбудеться 26 грудня 2019 р. о 12 .30 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії № 45 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул.Руська, 56, навчальний корпус №1, ауд. 401Пташник В.Р. Розробка та дослідження автоматизованої системи управління тепловим насосом. 151 – автоматизація та комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології. – Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя. – Тернопіль, 2019. В результаті виконання роботи було проаналізовано актуальність питання застосування теплових насосів та їх перспективність порівняно з іншими генераторами тепла. Також було обґрунтовано методи застосування теплових насосів різних типів та вказано на їхні недоліки та переваги. Було розроблено систему керування тепловим насосом при модернізації комплексної системи опалення будівлі. Ptashnyk V.R. Development and research of an automated heat pump control system. 151 - automation and computer integrated technologies. - Ivan Puliuyi Ternopil National Technical University. - Ternopil, 2019. As a result of the work, the urgency of using heat pumps and their prospects in comparison with other heat generators were analyzed. Methods of using heat pumps of various types were also substantiated and their disadvantages and advantages were pointed out. A heat pump control system was developed for the modernization of the complex heating system of the building.
ВСТУП 7 1. АНАЛІТИЧНА ЧАСТИНА 8 1.1. Поняття теплового насоса, класифікація і область застосування 8 1.2. Огляд найбільш розповсюджених видів теплових насосів 10 1.3. Вибір приладу обігріву для обігріву приміщення у власному регіоні 15 1.5. Сфери використання енергії яку акумулює пристрій 23 1.6. Огляд недоліків та переваг теплових насосів 24 2 ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНА ЧАСТИНА 26 2.1. Технологічний цикл теплового насосу 26 2.2 Різні типи теплових насосів 30 2.3 Історія геотермальних теплових насосів 31 2.4 Принципові схеми геотермальних колекторних систем теплових насосів 33 2.5 Холодильні агенти 36 2.6 Використання теплої води з теплового насоса для опалення підлоги та радіаторів: переваги та недоліки. 36 3 КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКА ЧАСТИНА 37 3.1 Модернізація системи опалення із застосуванням теплового насосу 37 3.2 Розробка системи управління тепловим насосом 43 4 НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНА ЧАСТИНА 56 4.1. Огляд моделі 56 3.2 Термофізична модель тепла насосного агрегату 57 5. СПЕЦІАЛЬНА ЧАСТИНА 65 5.1. MQTT. Загальна характеристика 65 5.2 Типи повідомлення в MQTT 71 5.3 Семантика топіків 75 5.4 Захист передачі даних 77 5.5 Якість обслуговування 78 6. ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ 80 6.1. Розрахунок норм часу на виконання науково-дослідної роботи 80 6.2 Визначення витрат на оплату праці та відрахувань на соціальні заходи 81 6.3 Розрахунок матеріальних витрат 84 6.4 Розрахунок витрат на електроенергію 85 6.5 Розрахунок суми амортизаційних відрахувань 86 6.6 Обчислення накладних витрат 87 6.7 Складання кошторису витрат та визначення собівартості науково-дослідницької роботи 88 6.8 Розрахунок ціни розробки системи 89 6.9 Визначення економічної ефективності і терміну окупності капітальних вкладень 90 7 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ 92 7.1 Організація охорони праці при роботі з системою управління 92 7.2 Електробезпека 94 7.3 Розрахунок заземлення 97 8 ЕКОЛОГІЯ 101 8.1 Екологізація виробництва 101 8.2 Зниження енергоємності та енергозбереження. 102 8.3 Джерела електромагнітних полів, іонізуючого випромінення та методи їх знешкодження. 104 ОСНОВНІ ВИСНОВКИ ДИПЛОМНОЇ РОБОТИ 106 БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ 107
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Kasbi, Bahar. "Assessment of optimization control strategies for energy management." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277835.
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With the increasing demand for renewable energy sources, new systems are being developed to sustain future infrastructure, accommodating these new energy sources. One of the proposed solutions is to incorporate distributed energy resources to different households in order to provide local energy demands effectively. To enable large-scale integration of flexible energy resources, it is crucial to reduce end-user energy and power costs, which can be done by designing an optimization model objected to minimize the total electricity bill. In the scope of this Master thesis, the interest lies in investigating a control strategy to operate batteries, heat pumps, and other assets by producing the optimal setpoints using the designed optimization algorithm that takes, amongst others, market and weather data as well as customer behavior into account. The applied method for producing these setpoints is sensitivity analysis in linear programming, and heat pump scheduling has been investigated for performance evaluation of this technique. The results show that applying this method produces the optimal setpoints over the non-controllable electricity load range by utilizing a low number of optimizations, i.e. high computation-efficiency, and high accuracy. Consequently, the controller by having the given setpoints as the input can easily adjust the heat pump output power based on the real-time non-controllable electricity load without creating any peaks and extra costs for the customers.Med en ökad efterfrågan på förnybara energikällor utvecklas nya system för att upprätthålla framtida infrastruktur vilket kommer säkra dessa nya energikällor. En av de föreslagna lösningarna är att integrera distribuerade energiresurser till olika hushåll för att effektivt kunna tillgodose lokala energikrav. För att möjliggöra en storskalig integrering av flexibla energiresurser det avgörande är att man kan minska slutkundens energi och effektkostnader. Detta kan nås genom att utforma en optimeringsmodell av problemet som tar hänsyn till olika resourses begränsningar osv. för att minska elkosnaden hos slutkunden. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka en kontrollstrategi för att använda batterier, värmepumpar och andra tillgångar på ett optimalt sätt, genom att producera de optimala börvärdena med hjälp av den utformade optimeringsalgoritmen som tar hänsyn till bland annat marknads och väderdata samt kund beteende. För att producera dessa börvärden användes methoden känslighetsanalys som är en del inom linjär programmering och fokus har varit styrningen av värmepumpar. Resultaten visar att tillämpningen av denna metod leder till att de optimala börvärdena över det icke-kontrollerbara elektriska lasten erhålles, med ett lågt antal optimeringar, dvs att metoden har hög beräknings-effektivitet samt noggrannhet. Följaktligen kan regulatorn med de givna börvärdena som ingång enkelt justera värmepumpens utgångseffekt baserat på realtids icke-kontrollerbar elektriska lasten, utan att skapa några toppar och extra kostnader för kunderna.
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Salque, Tristan. "Méthode d'évaluation des performances annuelles d'un régulateur prédictif de PAC géothermiques sur banc d'essai semi-virtuel." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0095/document.
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Avec le développement récent de régulateurs innovants pour le bâtiment, il devient nécessaire de mettre au point une méthode de test qui soit à la fois rapide, reproductible et réaliste. La méthode développée dans cette thèse permet d'obtenir des performances annuelles de régulateurs de pompes à chaleurs (PAC) géothermiques en seulement quelques jours de test. Basé sur une technique d'émulation déjà utilisée pour des tests de PAC géothermiques et de systèmes solaires combinés, le test permet d'incorporer le régulateur et la PAC réels dans un environnement de simulation calibré par des mesures in-situ. Chaque jour de test correspond à un jour type de chaque mois. Le développement de la méthode consiste à déterminer la séquence de jours types optimale permettant une bonne estimation des performances. La méthode est ensuite testée expérimentalement sur le banc semi-virtuel pour comparer un régulateur prédictif à un régulateur conventionnel sur une saison de chauffage. Pour les besoins de la méthode, un régulateur prédictif de PAC géothermiques est développé. Ce régulateur utilise des réseaux de neurones pour la prévision des données météo et de la température ambiante. Un nouveau module pour la prévision des températures dans le plancher chauffant et les sondes géothermiques est proposé. Le régulateur prédictif est testé par simulation sur une saison de chauffage pour différents climats et types de maisons individuelles. En fonction de la référence, les économies d'énergie réalisées varient entre 6% et 15%With the recent development of innovative controllers for the building, there is a need to develop a testing method that is fast, reproducible and realistic. The method developed in this study aims to estimate the annual performance of ground source heat pump (GSHP) controllers in only a few days of test. Based on emulation techniques already used for GSHP and solar combined systems, the test immerses the controller and a real GSHP in a simulated environement that is calibrated with in-situ data. Each day of test represents a typical day of the month. The development of the method consists in determining the optimal typical days that ensure an accurate estimation of annual performance. The method is then experimentally tested on the semi-virtual test bench for the comparison of a predictive controller and a conventionnal controller over an entire heating season.To develop the method, a predictive controller for GSHP is elaborated. The controller is based on artificial neural networks used for the prediction of weather data and indoor temperature. A new module for the prediction of floor heating and boreholes fluid temperatures is also proposed. The predictive controller is tested by simulation over a heating season for various climates and types of single family house. According to the reference case, the energy savings vary between 6% and 15%
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Rimec, Daniel. "Multidimensional Assessment For a Case Studied Zero Energy Building : Climate positive buildings with and without a connection to the district heating network." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54650.
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The purpose of this report is to get an overview of the CO2 reduction possibilities when adopting different renewable energy source, when the case studied building sustains a district heating network connection and when not, and how the renewable energy source flexibilities (Solar and Wind) differ depending on region. The method regards a ETC house that falls into the climate positive category and assesses the reduction when comparing CO2 emissions form the energy demand. The result for the flexibilities is then compared to the BBR demand. The result shows a difference of around 10% in production for the flexibilities when comparing the northern and middle region with the southern. And a decrease between 19-36% gCO2. Comparing a scenario with and without a connection to the district heating network showed that when the ground source heat pump offsets the energy demand, CO2, and cost reductions (6 and 4% respectively) can be seen. With an average installation cost, the payback period for the ground source heat pump can be estimated to be around 4 year. In conclusion the thesis project shows that the climate is a ruling factor when assessing energy questions for the residential sector. It also shows the difference in CO2 and cost that comes with it can be reduced and help mitigated the sectors effects on the environment. This in turn shows that the overall reduction of CO2 for the case studied building follows the demands and goals set by the European commission and gives motivation to expand the construction as cost is also reduced.
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Horáčková, Leona. "Energetická náročnost budovy s téměř nulovou spotřebou energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409866.
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The master thesis is focused on rating of buildings with almost zero energy consumption. Theoretical part summarizes general requirements on buildings with almost zero energy consumption. It also discusses other categories of buildings on terms of energy demand and influences and factors affecting the energy performance of buildings. The calculating part comparing three different construction systems of designed family house by means of energy demand with energy assessment and energy performance certificate of buildings.
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Joseph, Jyothis. "Improving Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency by Cooling Water Circulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404617/.
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This thesis aims to increase photovoltaic (PV) panel power efficiency by employing a cooling system based on water circulation, which represents an improved version of water flow based active cooling systems. Theoretical calculations involved finding the heat produced by the PV panel and the circulation water flow required to remove this heat. A data logger and a cooling system for a test panel of 20W was designed and employed to study the relationship between the PV panel surface temperature and its output power. This logging and cooling system includes an Arduino microcontroller extended with a data logging shield, temperature sensing probes, current sensors, and a DC water pump. Real-time measurements were logged every minute for one or two day periods under various irradiance and air temperature conditions. For these experiments, a load resistance was chosen to operate the test panel at its maximum power point. Results indicate that the cooling system can yield an improvement of 10% in power production. Based on the observations from the test panel experiments, a cooling system was devised for a PV panel array of 640 W equipped with a commercial charge controller. The test data logger was repurposed for this larger system. An identical PV array was left uncooled and monitored simultaneously to compare the effect of cooling, demonstrating that the cooled array provided up to an extra 132W or 20% of maximum power for sunny weather conditions. Future expansion possibilities of the project include automated water level monitoring system and water filtration systems.
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Horák, Jakub. "Využití energetického posudku při návrhu domu s téměř nulovou spotřebou energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392268.
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The diploma thesis deals with the design of nearly zero energy buildings. It focuses primarily on optimizing the thermal insulation thickness at a cost-optimal level. Based on energy consumption analysis, three heat sources are selected and then evaluated using an energy assessment. The building is evaluated in terms of energy, economic and environmental.
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Preclík, Vítězslav. "Vytápění mateřské školy tepelným čerpadlem a solárními kolektory s přitápěním do otevřeného koupaliště." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217608.
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In 2007, in June the company Europrojekt entered the project with the requirement of the formulation and implementation of heating motherly school by heat pumps in the village Hluk. The projekt was ordered by the management of this motherly school. This is a total reconstruction of the heating system building motherly school, including the use of residual heat for heating the pool water in an open swimming pool, which is located near this motherly school. The requirement is also given to reduce environmental pollution and achieve energy savings. This diploma thesis solves the detailed description of solutions and calculations for each part. In first, the introductory part of the work is focused on getting the project, a description of the object motherly school and a proposal for the energy measure before the realization. Second section is devoted to the selection and design of the system of heat pumps and solar collectors. Next part of work is the use of the residual heat for heating the pool water in the transitional months, i.e. May, September and the main months June, July, and August, when should be the visit of the swimming pool the biggest. In addition, resolving heat recovery through plate exchangers, the calculation of storage tanks, valves insurance proposal, the expansion tank, circulation pumps, etc. The last part thesis addresses the energy and economic assessment of the whole project.
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Ryšavá, Veronika. "Energeticky uvědomělá optimalizace budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409874.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to design austerity measures of an apartment building in the form of an energy card. The theoretical part deals with heat pumps. The computational part solves the evaluation of the current state of the building, the proposal of two variants, the assessment in terms of energy and economic and recommendations of the selected variant. There is also an experimental measurement specializing in thermovision imaging. The project contains energy certificates of individual states of the solved object.
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Oliveira, Tiago. "Advanced Fuzzy Logic Heat Pump Controller." Dissertação, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/73307.
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Ferreira, Carlos Daniel Dias. "Advanced Fuzzy Logic Heat-Pump Controller." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88661.
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Oliveira, Tiago Caetano Neves da Silva. "Advanced Fuzzy Logic Heat Pump Controller." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/68027.
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Ferreira, Carlos Daniel Dias. "Advanced Fuzzy Logic Heat-Pump Controller." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88661.
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Oliveira, Tiago Caetano Neves da Silva. "Advanced Fuzzy Logic Heat Pump Controller." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/68027.
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Morais, Vítor Filipe Alves. "Domestic Heat-Pump Water Heater Smart Controller." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88909.
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Morais, Vítor Filipe Alves. "Domestic Heat-Pump Water Heater Smart Controller." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88909.
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Liou, shu hong, and 劉書宏. "Life Cycle Assessment of Heat Pump-Considerations of Heat Source and Heat Sink." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44646227381996300592.
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碩士國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
98
Taiwan depended on fossil fuel as its main using energy for a long time, resulting the Greenhouse gases remained a huge number, and the regeneration cycle of fossil fuel was very long time, almost could as it was a non-renewable energy, so there is a problem how should we reduce the demand of fossil fuel, and developing the appropriate energy of natural resource will be a important step of sustainability with Taiwan. This research’s target referenced the energy using statistics value of real exist building, calculated the target’s carrying capacity of air conditioning and hot water, there are seven cases in research, the case 1 is target’s original statistics value, the other are scenarios, the result of the case 2(all the air condition get exchanged with GSHPs)have the best performance with the energy input, reduction of CO2 emission and the energy costs in using phase, Otherwise the case 3 is the worst in every scenarios, but comparing with the case 1, it’s still has a nice performance and advantage, but the CO2 emission is more than the case 1. To compare with the case 1, the ranges of reduction of energy input in using phase is between 69,747~123,082GJ; the ranges of reduction of CO2 emission in using phase is between 2,429~11,662Mt, the ranges of energy costs in using phase is between 52~86M. The Payment of energy with the case 2, case 2a and case 2b are 0.11y, 0.10y, 0.16y; The Payment of CO2 emission are 0.08y, 0.10y, 0.12y.
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Petryna, Stephen. "Model predictive control of a thermoelectric-based heat pump." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/397.
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Government regulations and growing concerns regarding global warming has
lead to an increasing number of passenger vehicles on the roads today that are not
powered by the conventional internal combustion (IC) engine. Automotive manufacturers
have introduced electric powertrains over the last 10 years which have
introduced new challenges regarding powering accessory loads historically reliant on
the mechanical energy of the IC engine. High density batteries are used to store
the electrical energy required by an electric powertrain and due to their relatively
narrow acceptable temperature range, require liquid cooling. The cooling system in
place currently utilizes the A/C compressor for cooling and a separate electric element
for heating which is energy expensive when the source of energy is electricity.
The proposed solution is a thermoelectric heat pump for both heating and cooling.
A model predictive controller (MPC) is designed, implemented and tested to
optimize the operation of the thermoelectric heat pump. The model predictive
controller is chosen due to its ability to accept multiple constrained inputs and
outputs as well as optimize the system according to a cost function which may
consist of any parameters the designer chooses. The system is highly non-linear and
complex therefore both physical modelling and system identi cation were used to
derive an accurate model of the system. A steepest descent algorithm was used for
optimization of the cost function.
The controller was tested in a test bench environment. The results show the
thermoelectric heat pump does hold the battery at the speci ed set point however
more optimization was expected from the controller. The controller fell short of
expectation due to operational restriction enforced during design meant to simplify
the problem. The MPC controller is capable of much better performance through
adding more detail to the model, an improved optimization algorithm and allowing
more flexibility in set point selection.
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林士煥. "Energy-Saving Efficiency Assessment of Heat Pump Combined with Photovoltaic Panels Heat Recovery." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u7nzzz.
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博士大葉大學
電機工程學系
106
In this dissertation, the energy efficiency of heat pump combined with thermal recovery of the photovoltaic panels is evaluated. The effect of thermal recovery of solar photovoltaic panels and heat pump system on the overall energy efficiency are discussed. The solar thermal recovery is to use the radiant heat generated by solar photovoltaic panels and collected in conduction way by the refrigerant as the media. The assessment method is not to compare the conductive material instead of measuring the water temperature difference between the input and output flow. The evaluation is based on the method of Energy Saving Performance Contract (ESPC) proposed by the Taiwan Green Productivity Foundation (TGPF). The major contribution of this study is to extend the evaluation criteria of energy efficiency of TGPF to the heat recovery of photovoltaic panels. After the heat recovery of photovoltaic panels, the amount of electricity generated by lower surface temperature of the photovoltaic panels is included in the evaluation of energy efficiency. In this dissertation, a set of equipment for using solar photovoltaic panels as thermal energy recovery equipment is designed. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this design, one real system which combines the recovered heat energy and heat pump energy saving technology is applied to the school to complete the overall energy efficiency evaluation. The efficiency of saving energy is really impressive. Moreover, the system architecture will be provided for future application.
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Diogo, João Bernardo Cabral de Mascarenhas. "Preliminary assessment of carnot batteries as an innovative electrical energy storage." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97950.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaIncreased world-wide demand for energy (especially electricity), rising energy costs, and heightened environmental concerns are factors that continually press for the adoption of technologies to exploit the renewable energy sources (RES). However, due to the ever increasing share of RES in the energy mix, large-scale energy storage systems are considered essential to ensure the security of supply in energy systems.The purpose of this work arises from the need to find a new form of energy storage technology, which works without any restriction of location, with low-cost materials and a high storage capacity. The technology studied comprehends a combination of a heat pump that transforms electrical energy into thermal energy in the charge phase, that can be stored for several hours to a few days, and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) that transforms the thermal stored energy in electrical energy again in the discharge situation. This technology is known as Carnot BatteriesThree different configurations of the Carnot Batteries were tested using models created in Matlab programming software. The first model is a simple model in which both the heat pump and the organic Rankine cycle are described in the simplest configuration. The second model adds a new stage in the heat pump and an organic Rankine's cycle regenerator. The third and last model uses an additional heat source (waste heat, geothermal or solar) to the cycle.Six working fluids were used to run the tests in the three configurations, R1233zd(E), R1234yf, R11, R236ea, R245fa, and iso-pentane. The second configuration makes the system more complex but increases the P2P efficiency relatively to the first one. The third configuration achieves P2P efficiencies higher than 100%, where the resulting electrical energy of the system is bigger than the provided one. The best results were obtained using the third configuration with iso-pentane as the working fluid.
O aumento da demanda mundial por energia (especialmente eletricidade), os custos crescentes da energia e as preocupações ambientais intensificadas são fatores que pressionam continuamente para a adoção de tecnologias para explorar as fontes de energia renováveis (FER). No entanto, devido à participação cada vez maior de FER no cabaz energético, os sistemas de armazenamento de energia em grande escala são considerados essenciais para garantir a segurança do abastecimento dos sistemas energéticos.O objetivo deste trabalho surge da necessidade de encontrar uma nova forma de tecnologia de armazenamento de energia, que funcione sem qualquer restrição de localização, com materiais de baixo custo e elevada capacidade de armazenamento. A tecnologia estudada compreende a combinação de uma bomba de calor que transforma energia elétrica em energia térmica na fase de carga, que pode ser armazenada por várias horas a alguns dias, e um ciclo Rankine orgânico (ORC) que transforma a energia térmica armazenada em elétrica energia novamente na situação de descarga. Esta tecnologia é conhecida como Baterias CarnotTrês configurações diferentes das baterias Carnot foram testadas usando modelos criados no software de programação Matlab. O primeiro modelo é um modelo simples no qual a bomba de calor e o ciclo Rankine orgânico são descritos na configuração mais simples. O segundo modelo adiciona um novo estágio na bomba de calor e um regenerador de ciclo orgânico de Rankine. O terceiro e último modelo usa uma fonte de calor adicional (calor residual, geotérmico ou solar) para o ciclo.Seis fluidos de trabalho foram usados para executar os testes nas três configurações, R1233zd (E), R1234yf, R11, R236ea, R245fa e iso-pentano. A segunda configuração torna o sistema mais complexo, mas aumenta a eficiência P2P em relação à primeira. A terceira configuração atinge eficiências P2P superiores a 100%, onde a energia elétrica resultante do sistema é maior que a fornecida. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos usando a terceira configuração com iso-pentano como fluido de trabalho.