Journal articles: 'Heat generation and transport'

1

van Beek, Johannes H. G. M. "Heat generation and transport in the heart." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 69, no. 3 (May 1996): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02606947.

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Khassaf, Nada K., and AL-Mukh J.M. "The Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Spin Transport through FM-QD Molecular-FM in the Presence of Spin Accumulation in the Leads." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.nq22144.

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The spin transport process through quantum dot molecular, embedded between two ferromagnetic leads in parallel configuration with the presence of spin accumulation, is studied by getting use of the non-equilibrium Keldysh – Green’s function technique. The electron-phonon coupling can be implicitly considered in the model, using the canonical transformation where a single phonon mode is considered in the strong electron – phonon coupling regime. Since the heat may interchange between the quantum dot molecular and the phonon bath coupled to it. And as the principle aim of our study is to determine the parameters that afford high spin (charge) heat generation, that must be avoid in the experimental applications, all the spin transport properties are investigated throughout the calculation of the spin and charge accumulation on the quantum dot molecular, the spin polarized currents, the spin and charge currents, the spin polarized heat generations, the spin heat generation and the charge heat generation. The calculations are accomplished as a function of the model calculation parameters that can be tuned experimentally. The spin blockade and the negative differential phenomena are investigated since the spin transport properties are studied extendedly in the case of a parallel configuration in the leads. It is concluded that the operative and functional values of the bias voltage can be determined by single phonon energy and the electron-phonon coupling values. Since all our calculations are accomplished for electron-phonon coupling equals 0.05eV. Finally, we must report the following: in the case of parallel configuration with high spin polarization, the spin heat generation equals the charge heat generation and both are relatively high where the intradot interaction has no role. While, as the spin polarization is lowered then the charge heat generation be greater than the spin heat generation when the correlation energy is relatively low.

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Fushinobu, K., A. Majumdar, and K. Hijikata. "Heat Generation and Transport in Submicron Semiconductor Devices." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822317.

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The reduction of semiconductor device size to the submicrometer range leads to unique electrical and thermal phenomena. The presence of high electric fields (order of 107 V/m) energizes the electrons and throws them far from equilibrium with the lattice. This makes heat generation a nonequilibrium process. For gallium arsenide (GaAs), energy is first transferred from the energized electrons to optical phonons due to strong polar coupling. Since optical phonons do not conduct heat, they must transfer their energy to acoustic phonons for lattice heat conduction. Based on the two-step mechanism with corresponding time scales, a new model is developed to study the process of nonequilibrium heat generation and transport in a GaAs metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) with a gate length of 0.2 μm. When 3 V is applied to the device, the electron temperature rise is predicted to be more than 1000 K. The effect of lattice heating on electrical characteristics of the device shows that the current is reduced due to decrease in electron mobility. The package thermal conductance is observed to have strong effects on the transient response of the device.

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Pop, E., S. Sinha, and K. E. Goodson. "Heat Generation and Transport in Nanometer-Scale Transistors." Proceedings of the IEEE 94, no. 8 (August 2006): 1587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2006.879794.

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Pop, Eric. "MONTE CARLO TRANSPORT AND HEAT GENERATION IN SEMICONDUCTORS." Annual Review of Heat Transfer 17, N/A (2014): 385–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/annualrevheattransfer.2014007694.

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Muscato, Orazio, Wolfgang Wagner, and Vincenza Di Stefano. "Heat generation in silicon nanometric semiconductor devices." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 1198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2012-0327.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to deal with the self-heating of semiconductor nano-devices. Design/methodology/approach – Transport in silicon semiconductor devices can be described using the Drift-Diffusion model, and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (MC) of the Boltzmann Transport Equation. Findings – A new estimator of the heat generation rate to be used in MC simulations has been found. Originality/value – The new estimator for the heat generation rate has better approximation properties due to reduced statistical fluctuations.

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Hari, Rakesh, and Chandrasekharan Muraleedharan. "Analysis of Effect of Heat Pipe Parameters in Minimising the Entropy Generation Rate." Journal of Thermodynamics 2016 (February 3, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1562145.

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Heat transfer and fluid flow in the heat pipe system result in thermodynamic irreversibility generating entropy. The minimum entropy generation principle can be used for optimum design of flat heat pipe. The objective of the present work is to minimise the total entropy generation rate as the objective function with different parameters of the flat heat pipe subjected to some constraints. These constraints constitute the limitations on the heat transport capacity of the heat pipe. This physical nonlinear programming problem with nonlinear constraints is solved using LINGO 15.0 software, which enables finding optimum values for the independent design variables for which entropy generation is minimum. The effect of heat load, length, and sink temperature on design variables and corresponding entropy generation is studied. The second law analysis using minimum entropy generation principle is found to be effective in designing performance enhanced heat pipe.

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Gollahalli, S. R., J. E. Francis, and D. Varshney. "Heat Generation in Ferrous Metal Piles." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905989.

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A laboratory-scale experimental study of the basic processes and controlling parameters involved in the spontaneous heating of a pile of ferrous metal turnings during their marine transport is presented. The results indicate that the salinity of seawater, the amount of moisture coming in contact with the turnings, the surface area of turnings, the volume of container, and the bulk density of the pile affect the temperature rise in the ferrous material.

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Pop, Eric. "Heat Generation and Transport in SOI and GOI Devices." ECS Transactions 6, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2728854.

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Ferhi, M., R. Djebali, F. Mebarek-Oudina, Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh, and S. Abboudi. "Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convection Through Entropy Generation Scrutiny of Eco-Friendly Nanoliquid in a Divided L-Shaped Heat Exchanger with Lattice Boltzmann Method Simulation." Journal of Nanofluids 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2022.1819.

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The current paper aims to investigate numerically the magnetized conjugate heat transport in a divided L-shaped heat exchanger (HE) filled with eco-nanofluid (functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (GnPs) dispersed in water) utilizing Lattice Boltzmann technique. Experimental correlations for thermo physical proprieties of the green nanofluid are utilized to study the flow pattern and conjugate heat transport inside the divided L-shaped HE. The entropy generation is also analyzed. Results are mainly presented using streamline, isotherms, entropy generation, Bejan number and average Nusselt number for various terms such as Ra numbers, Ha numbers and temperature. The obtained findings show that the heat transport enhances via increasing Ra number. The augmentation of magnetic field strength reduces the heat transport and the generated entropy. This behavior becomes remarkable for Ra= 105. Moreover, The Bejan number is kept constant for Ra=103 for all Ha number and increasing the Ra, the Bejan number increases with Ha. Besides, the increase in temperature rises the heat transport rate and reduces the entropy generation; nevertheless, the Bejan number is kept constant for all temperature values.

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Le, Xuan Hoang Khoa, Ioan Pop, and Mikhail A. Sheremet. "Thermogravitational Convective Flow and Energy Transport in an Electronic Cabinet with a Heat-Generating Element and Solid/Porous Finned Heat Sink." Mathematics 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10010034.

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Heat transfer enhancement poses a significant challenge for engineers in various practical fields, including energy-efficient buildings, energy systems, and aviation technologies. The present research deals with the energy transport strengthening using the viscous fluid and solid/porous fins. Numerical simulation of natural convective energy transport of viscous fluid in a cooling cavity with a heat-generating element placed in a finned heat sink was performed. The heat-generating element is characterized by constant volumetric heat generation. The Darcy–Brinkman approach was employed for mathematical description of transport processes within the porous fins. The governing equations formulated using the non-primitive variables were solved by the finite difference method of the second-order accuracy. The influence of the fins material, number, and height on the flow structure and heat transfer was also studied. It was found that the mentioned parameters can be considered as control characteristics for heat transfer and fluid flow for the cooling system.

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Bosomworth, Chris, Maksym Spiryagin, Sanath Alahakoon, and Colin Cole. "MODELLING RAIL THERMAL DIFFERENTIALS DUE TO BENDING AND DEFECTS." Transport 36, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.14574.

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Rail foot flaws have the potential to cause broken rails that can lead to derailment. This is not only an extremely costly issue for a rail operator in terms of damage to rolling stock, but has significant flow-on effects for network downtime and a safe working environment. In Australia, heavy haul operators run up to 42.5 t axle loads with trains in excess of 200 wagons and these long trains produce very large cyclic rail stresses. The early detection of foot flaws before a broken rail occurs is of high importance and there are currently no proven techniques for detecting rail foot flaws on trains at normal running speeds. This paper shall focus on the potential use of thermography as a detection technique and begin investigating the components of heat transfer in the rail to determine the viability of thermography for detecting rail foot flaws. The paper commences with an introduction to the sources of heat generation in the rail and modelling approaches for the effects of bending, natural environmental factors and transverse defects. It concludes with two theoretical case studies on heat generated due to these sources and discusses how they may inform the development of a practical thermography detection methodology.

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Nigen, J. S., and C. H. Amon. "Effect of material composition and localized heat generation on time-dependent conjugate heat transport." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 38, no. 9 (June 1995): 1565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(94)00292-4.

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Pereira, Luiz Felipe C., and Isaac M. Felix. "Thermal transport in periodic and quasiperiodic graphene-hBN superlattice ribbons." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2241, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2241/1/012008.

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Abstract Nanostructured superlattices are expected to play a significant role in the next generation of technological devices, specially due to their adjustable physical properties. In terms of heat transport, materials with low thermal conductivities can be useful in thermoelectric devices or heat shields, while materials with high thermal conductivities are fundamental for heat dissipation in miniaturized electronic devices. In general, transport properties are dominated by translational symmetry and the presence of unconventional symmetries might lead to unusual transport characteristics. In this work, we report our results from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate phonon heat transport in periodic and quasiperiodic graphene-hBN superlattices. The periodic superlattices are built with alternating equal-sized domains of graphene and hBN, while the quasiperiodic case follows the Fibonacci sequence, which lies between periodic and disordered structures. Periodic superlattices can facilitate coherent phonon transport due to constructive interference at the boundaries between the materials. Nonetheless, it is possible to induce a crossover from a coherent to an incoherent transport regime by increasing the length of individual domains, thus adjusting the superlattice period. We also show that the quasiperiodicity can suppress coherent phonon transport in these superlattices. We attribute this behavior to the increased inhomogeneity in the distribution of interfaces, which increases for each Fibonacci generation, hindering coherent phonon transport in the superlattices. The suppression of coherent thermal transport enables a higher degree of control on heat conduction at the nanoscale, and shows potential for application in thermoelectric devices and heat management.

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Le, Xuan Hoang Khoa, Hakan F. Oztop, Fatih Selimefendigil, and Mikhail A. Sheremet. "Entropy Analysis of the Thermal Convection of Nanosuspension within a Chamber with a Heat-Conducting Solid Fin." Entropy 24, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24040523.

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Heat transport augmentation in closed chambers can be achieved using nanofluids and extended heat transfer surfaces. This research is devoted to the computational analysis of natural convection energy transport and entropy emission within a closed region, with isothermal vertical borders and a heat-conducting solid fin placed on the hot border. Horizontal walls were assumed to be adiabatic. Control relations written using non-primitive variables with experimentally based correlations for nanofluid properties were computed by the finite difference technique. The impacts of the fin size, fin position, and nanoadditive concentration on energy transfer performance and entropy production were studied. It was found that location of the long fin near the bottom wall allowed for the intensification of convective heat transfer within the chamber. Moreover, this position was characterized by high entropy generation. Therefore, the minimization of the entropy generation can define the optimal location of the heat-conducting fin using the obtained results. An addition of nanoparticles reduced the heat transfer strength and minimized the entropy generation.

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Högblom, Olle, and Ronnie Andersson. "Multiphysics CFD Simulation for Design and Analysis of Thermoelectric Power Generation." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 22, 2020): 4344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174344.

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The multiphysics simulation methodology presented in this paper permits extension of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to account for electric power generation and its effect on the energy transport, the Seebeck voltage, the electrical currents in thermoelectric systems. The energy transport through Fourier, Peltier, Thomson and Joule mechanisms as a function of temperature and electrical current, and the electrical connection between thermoelectric modules, is modeled using subgrid CFD models which make the approach computational efficient and generic. This also provides a solution to the scale separation problem that arise in CFD analysis of thermoelectric heat exchangers and allows the thermoelectric models to be fully coupled with the energy transport in the CFD analysis. Model validation includes measurement of the relevant fluid dynamic properties (pressure and temperature distribution) and electric properties (current and voltage) for a turbulent flow inside a thermoelectric heat exchanger designed for automotive applications. Predictions of pressure and temperature drop in the system are accurate and the error in predicted current and voltage is less than 1.5% at all exhaust gas flow rates and temperatures studied which is considered very good. Simulation results confirm high computational efficiency and stable simulations with low increase in computational time compared to standard CFD heat-transfer simulations. Analysis of the results also reveals that even at the lowest heat transfer rate studied it is required to use a full two way coupling in the energy transport to accurately predict the electric power generation.

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Gusev, Vitalyi, Pierrick Lotton, Hélène Bailliet, Stéphane Job, and Michel Bruneau. "Thermal wave harmonics generation in the hydrodynamical heat transport in thermoacoustics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 1 (January 2001): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1332383.

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Jabeen, Iffat, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Rizwan, Roman Ullah, and Shakeel Ahmad. "Analysis of nonlinear stratified convective flow of Powell-Eyring fluid: Application of modern diffusion." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 10 (October 2020): 168781402095956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020959568.

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The stratification phenomena have great importance in fishery management, insufficiency of dissolved oxygen in the lower parts of lakes, rivers and ponds, and phytoplankton populations. Thus the present article examines vital role of stratification phenomena in Powell-Eyring fluid flow due to inclined sheet which is stretched in a linear way. Collaboration of Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model instead of Fourier Law of heat conduction is also accounted. Interpretation of heat transport is carried out with heat generation/absorption. Thermal stratification supports heat transport. Chemical reaction and solutal stratification also helped out mass transport. Non-linear governing equations with partial derivatives are converted into ordinary differential equation with the help of similarity transformations. Homotopic method is applied to solve arising dimensionless governing equations. Pertinent parameters and their physical behavior are displayed graphically. Drag force coefficient is also examined graphically. In culmination, substantial parameters of radiation and heat generation/absorption raised the temperature field while thermal relaxation time and solutal relaxation time parameters lower the temperature and concentration fields, respectively.

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Nigen, J. S., and C. H. Amon. "Time-Dependent Conjugate Heat Transfer Characteristics of Self-Sustained Oscillatory Flows in a Grooved Channel." Journal of Fluids Engineering 116, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910305.

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Convective heat transport in a grooved channel is numerically investigated using a time-dependent formulation. Conjugate conduction/convection and uniform heat-flux representations for the solid domain are considered. For the conjugate representation, the solid domain is composed of multiple materials and concentrated heat generation. The associated cooling flows include laminar and transitional regimes. Steady and time-dependent contours of the streamfunction and local skin-friction coefficients are presented. Additionally, local distributions of Nusselt number and surface temperature are displayed for both the conjugate and convection-only representations. These results are contrasted over the range of Reynolds numbers explored to demonstrate the significance of including time-dependency and conjugation in the study of convective heat transport. Such considerations are found to be important in the design and analysis of heat exchanger configurations with spatially varying material composition and concentrated heat generation.

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Ma, H. B., C. Wilson, Q. Yu, K. Park, U. S. Choi, and Murli Tirumala. "An Experimental Investigation of Heat Transport Capability in a Nanofluid Oscillating Heat Pipe." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 11 (May 23, 2006): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2352789.

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An experimental investigation of a nanofluid oscillating heat pipe (OHP) was conducted to determine the nanofluid effect on the heat transport capability in an OHP. The nanofluid consisted of HPLC grade water and 1.0vol% diamond nanoparticles of 5-50nm. These diamond nanoparticles settle down in the motionless base fluid. However, the oscillating motion of the OHP suspends the diamond nanoparticles in the working fluid. Experimental results show that the heat transport capability of the OHP significantly increased when it was charged with the nanofluid at a filling ratio of 50%. It was found that the heat transport capability of the OHP depends on the operating temperature. The investigated OHP could reach a thermal resistance of 0.03°C∕W at a heat input of 336W. The nanofluid OHP investigated here provides a new approach in designing a highly efficient next generation of heat pipe cooling devices.

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Carey, V. P., and N. E. Hawks. "Stochastic Modeling of Molecular Transport to an Evaporating Microdroplet in a Superheated Gas." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822540.

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The investigation summarized in this paper explored the use of a stochastic, direct-simulation Monte-Carlo scheme to model heat and mass transfer associated with the vaporization of liquid nitrogen microdroplets in superheated nitrogen gas. Two different stochastic models of the molecule–surface interactions were used in the particle simulation scheme. The first, which imposes conservation of mass at the droplet surface, is appropriate for a heated or cooled solid sphere. The second models the net generation of vapor at the surface of an evaporating droplet by allowing the molecular flux to adjust itself dynamically to balance the energy exchange. Predictions of the particle simulation model with the mass conservation surface treatment are found to agree favorably with heat transfer data for a solid sphere in a rarefied gas. The effects of noncontinuum behavior and interface vapor generation on transport during microdroplet evaporation are explored and a closed-form relation for the heat transfer coefficient is developed, which closely matches all our simulation heat transfer predictions for evaporating microdroplets. This relation apparently is the first to account for the simultaneous effects of interface vapor generation and noncontinuum behavior on heat transfer controlled microdroplet evaporation.

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Thuto and Banjong. "Investigation of Heat and Moisture Transport in Bananas during Microwave Heating Process." Processes 7, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080545.

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The numerical method was used to investigate heat and moisture transport during dehydration of bananas from microwave heating. COMSOL multi-physics software was employed to perform the simulation task. A banana is defined as a porous medium. It has constituents of water, vapor, air as the liquid phase and a solid porous matrix. The numerical results of this study were validated with experimental data. The profiles of moisture, vapor and pressure are discussed in this study. Moreover, the effects of the ripening stages of the banana are examined. A higher heat flux was observed from the beginning period along with the increasing time steps until 50 s. Heat generation decreased during 50 s to 60 s, coinciding with a small rise in temperature, but the temperature gradient remained constant. The temperature distribution of both unripe and ripe banana samples was non-uniform. At the center of the banana, the temperature increased rapidly and reached its highest temperature with the negative temperature gradient toward the boundary surface. More heat generation was observed around the center region of the banana. This was due to higher moisture in comparison with the boundary surface. Heat and moisture were transported from the center of the banana to its surface. The water convective flux peaked around 11 mm from the center. The vapor pressure peaked at the center for all cases. Less heat generation within unripe bananas was observed due to the lower moisture content.

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Kurnia, Jundika Candra, and Agus Pulung Sasmito. "Numerical Evaluation of Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation of Helical Tubes with Various Cross-sections under Constant Heat Flux Condition." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822503017.

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The presence of curvature-induced secondary flow in helical pipe which create complex transport phenomena and higher transfer rate has attracted significant attention from both academic and industry. Flow behavior and transport processes in helical tube have been intensively investigated. Nevertheless, most studies were focused on the performance based on first law of thermodynamics with limited studies concerning the performance based on second law of thermodynamics. The objective of this study is to investigate the heat transfer performance of helical tube according to both first and second law. The heat transfer rate and entropy generation of helical tubes with various cross-sections, i.e. circular, ellipse and square, subjected to constant wall heat flux conditions are numerically evaluated by utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Their performances are compared to those of straight tube with identical cross-section. The results indicate that helical tube provides higher heat transfer at the cost of higher pressure. Moreover, it was found that entropy generation in helical tubes is considerably lower as compared to that in straight tube. Among the studied cross-sections, square has the highest heat transfer albeit having the highest pressure drop and entropy generation for both straight and helical tubes.

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Marshall, David P., and Laure Zanna. "A Conceptual Model of Ocean Heat Uptake under Climate Change." Journal of Climate 27, no. 22 (November 4, 2014): 8444–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00344.1.

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Abstract A conceptual model of ocean heat uptake is developed as a multilayer generalization of Gnanadesikan. The roles of Southern Ocean Ekman and eddy transports, North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation, and diapycnal mixing in controlling ocean stratification and transient heat uptake are investigated under climate change scenarios, including imposed surface warming, increased Southern Ocean wind forcing, with or without eddy compensation, and weakened meridional overturning circulation (MOC) induced by reduced NADW formation. With realistic profiles of diapycnal mixing, ocean heat uptake is dominated by Southern Ocean Ekman transport and its long-term adjustment controlled by the Southern Ocean eddy transport. The time scale of adjustment setting the rate of ocean heat uptake increases with depth. For scenarios with increased Southern Ocean wind forcing or weakened MOC, deepened stratification results in enhanced ocean heat uptake. In each of these experiments, the role of diapycnal mixing in setting ocean stratification and heat uptake is secondary. Conversely, in experiments with enhanced diapycnal mixing as employed in “upwelling diffusion” slab models, the contributions of diapycnal mixing and Southern Ocean Ekman transport to the net heat uptake are comparable, but the stratification extends unrealistically to the sea floor. The simple model is applied to interpret the output of an Earth system model, the Second Generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2), in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration is increased by 1% yr−1 until quadrupling, where it is found that Southern Ocean Ekman transport is essential to reproduce the magnitude and vertical profile of ocean heat uptake.

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Wei, P. S., S. C. Wang, and M. S. Lin. "Transport Phenomena During Resistance Spot Welding." Journal of Heat Transfer 118, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 762–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822697.

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Unsteady, axisymmetric transport of mass, momentum, energy, species, and magnetic field intensity with a mushy-zone phase change in workpieces and temperature, and magnetic fields in electrodes during resistance spot welding, are systematically investigated. Electromagnetic force, joule heat, heat generation at the electrode–workpiece interface and faying surface between workpieces, different properties between phases, and geometries of electrodes are taken into account. The computed results show consistencies with observed nugget growth, electrical current, and temperature fields. The effects of the face radius and cone angle of the electrode, parameters governing welding current, electrical contact resistance, magnetic Prandtl number, electrical conductivity ratio, and workpiece thickness on transport phenomena are clearly provided.

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Steinbacher, Thomas, Max Meindl, and Wolfgang Polifke. "Modelling the generation of temperature inhomogeneities by a premixed flame." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 10, no. 2 (November 14, 2017): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827717738139.

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The response of a laminar, premixed flame to perturbations of upstream equivalence ratio is investigated and modelled, with emphasis on the generation of ‘entropy waves’, i.e. entropic inhomogeneities of downstream temperature. Transient computational fluid dynamics simulations of two adiabatic lean methane-air flames of different Péclet numbers provide guidance and validation data for subsequent modelling. The respective entropy transfer functions, which describe the production of temperature inhomogeneities, as well as transfer functions for the variation of the heat release, are determined from the computational fluid dynamics time series data by means of system identification. The processes governing the dynamics of the entropy transfer functions are segregated into two sub-problems: (1) heat release due to chemical reaction at the flame front and (2) advective and diffusive transport. By adopting a formulation in terms of a mixture fraction variable, these two sub-problems can be treated independently from each other. Models for both phenomena are derived and analysed using simple 0- and 1-dimensional configurations. The heat release process (1) is represented by a fast-reaction-zone model, which takes into account variations of the specific heat capacity with equivalence ratio in order to evaluate the magnitude of downstream temperature fluctuations with quantitative accuracy. For the transport processes (2), two types of models based on mean field data from the computational fluid dynamics simulation are proposed: A semi-analytical, low-order formulation based on stream lines, and a state-space formulation, which is constructed by Finite Elements discretisation of the transport equation for mixture fraction. Model predictions for the entropy transfer functions are found to agree well with the computational fluid dynamics reference data at very low computational costs.

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Ding, X., and E. K. H. Salje. "Heat transport by phonons and the generation of heat by fast phonon processes in ferroelastic materials." AIP Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2015): 053604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921899.

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Hao, Zisu, Morton A. Barlaz, and Joel J. Ducoste. "Finite-Element Modeling of Landfills to Estimate Heat Generation, Transport, and Accumulation." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146, no. 12 (December 2020): 04020134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002403.

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Muscato, O., and V. Di Stefano. "An Energy Transport Model Describing Heat Generation and Conduction in Silicon Semiconductors." Journal of Statistical Physics 144, no. 1 (June 23, 2011): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-011-0247-2.

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Atienza-Márquez, Antonio, Joan Carles Bruno, and Alberto Coronas. "Recovery and Transport of Industrial Waste Heat for Their Use in Urban District Heating and Cooling Networks Using Absorption Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010291.

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The use of industrial excess heat in district heating networks is very attractive. The main issue is the transport of the heat from the point of generation to the local distribution network, in a way similar to the structure of electricity transport and distribution networks. Absorption systems have been proposed to transport and distribute waste heat using two absorption stations. In one of them (step-up station), industrial heat at a low temperature is pumped to a higher temperature to facilitate its transport and at the same time increase the temperature difference between the supply and return streams, in this way reducing the hot water mass flow rate circulating through the heat transport network. Heat is then used in a second absorption system (step-down station) to provide heat to a low temperature local district network. In this paper, several absorption system configurations are analyzed for both stations. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of each configuration is performed using selected energy performance indicators to calculate its global performance. The implementation of these kind of systems could enable the use of waste heat to produce heating and cooling for smart communities located a few dozens of kilometers away from industrial sites.

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Arpacı, Vedat S. "Thermal Deformation: From Thermodynamics to Heat Transfer." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 5 (February 20, 2001): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1379953.

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An infinitesimal change in heat flux Q is shown, in terms of entropy flux Ψ=Q/T to have two parts, dQ=TdΨ+ΨdT, the first part being the thermal displacement and the second part being the thermal deformation. Only the second part dissipates into internal energy and generates entropy. This generation is shown to be dΠ=Ψ/TdT. Thermodynamic arguments are extended to transport phenomena. It is shown that a part of local rate of entropy generation is related to local rate of thermal deformation by s′′′=−ψi/T∂T/∂xi, where ψi=qi/T,qi being the rate of heat flux.

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Muscato, Orazio. "Electrothermal Monte Carlo Simulation of a GaAs Resonant Tunneling Diode." Axioms 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2023): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12020216.

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This paper deals with the electron transport and heat generation in a Resonant Tunneling Diode semiconductor device. A new electrothermal Monte Carlo method is introduced. The method couples a Monte Carlo solver of the Boltzmann–Wigner transport equation with a steady-state solution of the heat diffusion equation. This methodology provides an accurate microscopic description of the spatial distribution of self-heating and its effect on the detailed nonequilibrium carrier dynamics.

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Stepanov, Dmitry, Vladimir Fomin, Anatoly Gusev, and Nikolay Diansky. "Mesoscale Dynamics and Eddy Heat Transport in the Japan/East Sea from 1990 to 2010: A Model-Based Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010033.

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The driving mechanisms of mesoscale processes and associated heat transport in the Japan/East Sea (JES) from 1990 to 2010 were examined using eddy-resolving ocean model simulations. The simulated circulation showed correctly reproduced JES major basin-scale currents and mesoscale dynamics features. We show that mesoscale eddies can deepen isotherms/isohalines up to several hundred meters and transport warm and low salinity waters along the western and eastern JES boundaries. The analysis of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) showed that the mesoscale dynamics reaches a maximum intensity in the upper 300 m layer. Throughout the year, the EKE maximum is observed in the southeastern JES, and a pronounced seasonal variability is observed in the southwestern and northwestern JES. The comparison of the EKE budget components confirmed that various mechanisms can be responsible for the generation of mesoscale dynamics during the year. From winter to spring, the baroclinic instability of basin-scale currents is the leading mechanism of the JES mesoscale dynamics’ generation. In summer, the leading role in the generation of the mesoscale dynamics is played by the barotropic instability of basin-scale currents, which are responsible for the emergence of mesoscale eddies, and in autumn, the leading role is played by instabilities and the eddy wind work. We show that the meridional heat transport (MHT) is mainly polewards. Furthermore, we reveal two paths of eddy heat transport across the Subpolar Front: along the western and eastern (along 138∘ E) JES boundaries. Near the Tsugaru Strait, we describe the detected intensive westward eddy heat transport reaching its maximum in the first half of the year and decreasing to the minimum by summer.

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Vázquez, Federico, Péter Ván, and Róbert Kovács. "Ballistic-Diffusive Model for Heat Transport in Superlattices and the Minimum Effective Heat Conductivity." Entropy 22, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22020167.

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There has been much interest in semiconductor superlattices because of their low thermal conductivities. This makes them especially suitable for applications in a variety of devices for the thermoelectric generation of energy, heat control at the nanometric length scale, etc. Recent experiments have confirmed that the effective thermal conductivity of superlattices at room temperature have a minimum for very short periods (in the order of nanometers) as some kinetic calculations had anticipated previously. This work will show advances on a thermodynamic theory of heat transport in nanometric 1D multilayer systems by considering the separation of ballistic and diffusive heat fluxes, which are both described by Guyer-Krumhansl constitutive equations. The dispersion relations, as derived from the ballistic and diffusive heat transport equations, are used to derive an effective heat conductivity of the superlattice and to explain the minimum of the effective thermal conductivity.

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Cheng, Qilong, Siddhesh V. Sakhalkar, and David B. Bogy. "Direct measurement of disk-to-head back-heating in HAMR using a non-flying test stage." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 24 (June 13, 2022): 241602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0092170.

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Heat assisted magnetic recording, as one of the next generation hard disk drive solutions to high areal density over 1 Tb/in.2, integrates a laser delivery system to facilitate data writing. A laser beam is launched from the recording head and is focused on the recording disk to locally heat the disk (400–500 °C), which is even hotter than the head temperature (150–250 °C). Therefore, understanding the thermal transport between the head and the disk is of great importance. In this paper, we used a non-flying test stage to exclude the strong air cooling caused by the rotating disk and performed the thermal transport experiments across a closing nanoscale air gap on two substrates (silicon wafer and AlMg-substrate disk). The experimental results show that the disk-to-head back-heating from the hot spot on the substrate can be directly measured in the case of the AlMg disk (∼2–10 °C), while the silicon case shows no back-heating due to its high thermal conductivity. It is demonstrated that the experimental setup is useful for thermal transport studies between two macroscopic surfaces and future development of such microelectronic devices.

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Khan, Umair, Aurang Zaib, Ilyas Khan, and Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar. "Entropy Generation Incorporating γ-Nanofluids under the Influence of Nonlinear Radiation with Mixed Convection." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040400.

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Nanofluids offer the potential to improve heat transport performance. In light of this, the current exploration gives a numerical simulation of mixed convection flow (MCF) using an effective Prandtl model and comprising water- and ethylene-based γγ−Al2O3 particles over a stretched vertical sheet. The impacts of entropy along with non-linear radiation and viscous dissipation are analyzed. Experimentally based expressions of thermal conductivity as well as viscosity are utilized for γγ−Al2O3 nanoparticles. The governing boundary-layer equations are stimulated numerically utilizing bvp4c (boundary-value problem of fourth order). The outcomes involving flow parameter found for the temperature, velocity, heat transfer and drag force are conferred via graphs. It is determined from the obtained results that the temperature and velocity increase the function of the nanoparticle volume fraction for H2O\C2H6O2 based γγ−Al2O3 nanofluids. In addition, it is noted that the larger unsteady parameter results in a significant advancement in the heat transport and friction factor. Heat transfer performance in the fluid flow is also augmented with an upsurge in radiation.

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Hromadka, T. V. "Analyzing Numerical Errors in Domain Heat Transport Models Using the CVBEM." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3257005.

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Besides providing an exact solution for steady-state heat conduction processes (Laplace-Poisson equations), the CVBEM (complex variable boundary element method) can be used for the numerical error analysis of domain model solutions. For problems where soil-water phase change latent heat effects dominate the thermal regime, heat transport can be approximately modeled as a time-stepped steady-state condition in the thawed and frozen regions, respectively. The CVBEM provides an exact solution of the two-dimensional steady-state heat transport problem, and also provides the error in matching the prescribed boundary conditions by the development of a modeling error distribution or an approximate boundary generation. Consequently, this error evaluation can be used to develop highly accurate CVBEM models of the heat transport process, and the resulting model can be used as a test case for evaluating the precision of domain models based on finite elements or finite differences.

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Abdedou, Azzedine, Khedidja Bouhadef, and Rachid Bennacer. "Forced convection in a self heating porous channel: Local thermal nonequilibium model." Thermal Science 21, no. 6 Part A (2017): 2419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150201110a.

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Laminar forced convection flow through a parallel plates channel completely filled with a saturated porous medium where occurs a uniform heat generation per unit volume with volumetric heat generation is investigated numerically. The Darcy-Brinkman model is used to describe the fluid flow. The energy transport mathematical model is based on the two equations model which assumes that there is no local thermal non-equilibrium between the fluid and the solid phases. The dimensionless governing equations with the appropriate boundary conditions are solved by direct numerical simulation. The effect of the controlling parameters, Biot number, thermal conductivities ratio, heat generation rate, and the Reynolds number on the local thermal equilibrium needed and sufficient condition is analyzed. The results reveal essentially that the local thermal equilibrium condition is unfavorably affected by the increase in the heat generation rate, the thermal conductivities ratio, and the decrease in the Biot number. In addition, for a given heat generation rate, the effect of Reynolds number on the local thermal equilibrium condition is reversed depending on the conductivities ratio threshold.

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Mansoor, Saad Bin, and Bekir S. Yilbas. "Estimating Entropy Generation Rate for Ballistic-Diffusive Phonon Transport Using Effective Thermal Conductivity." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 46, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2020-0113.

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Abstract The entropy generation rate in a low dimensional film is formulated incorporating the heat flux and effective thermal conductivity of the film material. In the analysis, the mathematical formulation employed is kept the same as that used in the diffusive regime. However, the entropy generation rate is corrected by replacing the bulk thermal conductivity with an effective thermal conductivity evaluated from the Boltzmann equation. The entropy generation rate using the phonon distribution from the equation of phonon radiative transport in the film material is employed. The results show that both formulations result in a very close match for the entropy generation rates.

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Xi, Mengmeng, Rongqian Wang, Jincheng Lu, and Jian-Hua Jiang. "Coulomb Thermoelectric Drag in Four-Terminal Mesoscopic Quantum Transport." Chinese Physics Letters 38, no. 8 (September 1, 2021): 088801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/8/088801.

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We show that the Coulomb interaction between two circuits separated by an insulating layer leads to unconventional thermoelectric effects, such as the cooling by thermal current effect, the transverse thermoelectric effect and Maxwell’s demon effect. The first refers to cooling in one circuit induced by the thermal current in the other circuit. The middle represents electric power generation in one circuit by the temperature gradient in the other circuit. The physical picture of Coulomb drag between the two circuits is first demonstrated for the case with one quantum dot in each circuit and it is then elaborated for the case with two quantum dots in each circuit. In the latter case, the heat exchange between the two circuits can vanish. Finally, we also show that the Maxwell’s demon effect can be realized in the four-terminal quantum dot thermoelectric system, in which the quantum system absorbs the heat from the high-temperature heat bath and releases the same heat to the low-temperature heat bath without any energy exchange with the two heat baths. Our study reveals the role of Coulomb interaction in non-local four-terminal thermoelectric transport.

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41

Zhang, Lei, Weiqing Han, Yuanlong Li, and Toshiaki Shinoda. "Mechanisms for Generation and Development of the Ningaloo Niño." Journal of Climate 31, no. 22 (November 2018): 9239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0175.1.

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Generation and development mechanisms of the Ningaloo Niño are investigated using ocean and atmospheric general circulation model experiments. Consistent with previous studies, northerly wind anomalies off the West Australian coast are critical in generating warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the Ningaloo Niño, which induce SST warming through reduced turbulent heat loss toward the atmosphere (by decreasing surface wind speed), enhanced Leeuwin Current heat transport, and weakened coastal upwelling. Our results further reveal that northerly wind anomalies suppress the cold dry air transport from the Southern Ocean to the Ningaloo Niño region, which also contributes to the reduced turbulent heat loss. A positive cloud–radiation feedback is also found to play a role. Low stratiform cloud is reduced by the underlying warm SSTAs and the weakened air subsidence, which further enhances the SST warming by increasing downward solar radiation. The enhanced Indonesian Throughflow also contributes to the Ningaloo Niño, but only when La Niña co-occurs. Further analysis show that northerly wind anomalies along the West Australian coast can be generated by both remote forcing from the Pacific Ocean (i.e., La Niña) and internal processes of the Indian Ocean, such as the positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). Approximately 40% of the Ningaloo Niño events during 1950–2010 co-occurred with La Niña, and 30% co-occurred with positive IOD. There are also ~30% of the events independent of La Niña and positive IOD, suggesting the importance of other processes in triggering the Ningaloo Niño.

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Wang, Zehua, and Yongjun Jian. "Heat Transport of Electrokinetic Flow in Slit Soft Nanochannels." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010034.

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Soft nanochannels are defined as nanochannels with a polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) on the rigid walls. In the present study, the thermal transport properties of the fluids through slit soft nanochannels are investigated under the combined influences of pressure-driven and streaming potential. Based on the analytical solutions of electric potential and velocity distributions, a dimensionless temperature of electrolyte solution in soft nanochannels is obtained by resolving the energy equation. Then, a finite difference method is used to compute the energy equation and test the validity of the analytical solution. Results show that the temperature increases with the decrease of dimensionless velocity and the heat transfer rate for rigid nanochannel are higher than that for the soft one. Moreover, we find the total entropy generation decreases with the increases of the ratio Kλ of the electrical double layer (EDL) thickness in PEL to the EDL thickness on the solid wall.

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Kaczmarczyk, Michał, Anna Sowiżdżał, and Barbara Tomaszewska. "Individual heat generation to sustainable development in local scale." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015407007.

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The problem of air pollution, resulting from the occurrence of so-called low emission concerns many localities in Poland and Europe. The main reasons for such a situation is burning of fuels for central heating and domestic hot water in buildings, as well as the burning of fuels in the transport sector. It should be noted that in the case of building heat management, frequently this is the result of a lack of access to the heating and gas network. This is one of the reasons hindering sustainable development opportunities. The article presents calculations of combustion products emissions into the atmosphere (TSP, CO, NOx, SOx,) from individual heat sources in households for the commune which does not have the above mentioned infrastructure. The purpose of the analysis was to present the environmental impact of changes in the structure of heat generation and improvement of the effectiveness of the devices used. In addition, the proposed calculation model can be used by municipalities, allowing the assessment of ecological effects of undertaken actions.

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Muscato, O., V. Di Stefano, and C. Milazzo. "An improved hydrodynamic model describing heat generation and transport in submicron silicon devices." Journal of Computational Electronics 7, no. 3 (May 13, 2008): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-008-0252-0.

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Khan, M. Ijaz, Tasawar Hayat, Sumaira Qayyum, Muhammad Imran Khan, and A. Alsaedi. "Entropy generation (irreversibility) associated with flow and heat transport mechanism in Sisko nanomaterial." Physics Letters A 382, no. 34 (August 2018): 2343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2018.05.047.

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Kantharaj, Rajath, and Amy M. Marconnet. "Heat Generation and Thermal Transport in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Scale-Bridging Perspective." Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering 23, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 128–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567265.2019.1572679.

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Eswara, A. K., and P. Sandilya. "Numerical computation of Boil off Rate (BoR) in shipboard LNG tanks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012033.

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Abstract Natural gas is an environment-friendly fuel and a raw material for many chemicals. Its offshore transport is economical when the gas is transported in liquefied form as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) over distances (exceeding 2000 kilometers) by sea. LNG is stored at near-atmospheric pressure and about 112 K in these tanks. Heat inleak from the ambient into the stored LNG causes considerable boil-off of the LNG due to low latent heat of vaporization of LNG. Boil off Gas (BoG) generation should be reduced to minimize the loss of LNG as well as environmental pollution. Determination of the boil-off rate (BoR) poses a challenge because it involves interplay of multitude of phenomena and considerations, like liquid sloshing that is likely to generate heat and increases the interfacial area between the liquid and the ullage, variation in LNG composition due to BoG generation, and thermal stratification. In this paper we present a numerical analysis of the BoG generation, including some of the effects just mentioned. A model including transport phenomena based-equations and thermodynamic phase relations has been developed for this purpose.The simulation results would help in carrying out more in depth study of BoG generation that is useful in the design and operation of the prismatic membrane tanks.

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Jasminská, Natália, Tomáš Brestovič, Marián Lázár, Mária Čarnogurská, and Juraj Václav. "Simulation of Temperature Fields in the Transport Container." Applied Mechanics and Materials 816 (November 2015): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.76.

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This article discusses the distribution of temperature in a transport container for spent nuclear fuel due to the generation of residual heat. ANSYS CFX simulation software was used to determine the temperature fields. The container is constructed of thick-walled carbon steel. Fins were provided on the outer casing of the container for better heat dissipation. Numerical simulations of temperature fields will be performed on the transport container with C-30 type designation. A container with a flow of water and nitrogen within the casket was considered during the performance of numerical simulation. The results of numerical simulations define the distribution of temperature fields, subject to adhering to storage conditions which prevent surface temperatures exceeding permissible values.

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Yang, Duo, and Oleg A. Saenko. "Ocean Heat Transport and Its Projected Change in CanESM2." Journal of Climate 25, no. 23 (December 1, 2012): 8148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00715.1.

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Abstract The meridional ocean heat transport (MOHT), its seasonal variability, and projected changes simulated by the second generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) are presented. The global mean MOHT is within the uncertainty of the observational estimates. However, a correct simulation of the MOHT for individual ocean basins is more challenging, and the Atlantic MOHT south of 30°N is underestimated. The partitioning of the MOHT into the overturning and gyre components is generally consistent with such partitioning in an observationally optimized ocean model. At low latitudes, the time-mean MOHT is dominated by its overturning component, whereas in the Southern Ocean and, especially, in the subpolar North Atlantic, it is the gyre component that plays a more important role. In the projected warmer climates, CanESM2 simulates a weakening of the poleward MOHT essentially in both hemispheres. The projected MOHT changes are largely determined by the overturning component, except in the subpolar Atlantic where it is dominated by the gyre component. Consistent with (the limited number of) previous studies, the seasonal variability of the MOHT is large and is mostly driven by the seasonal variability of the meridional Ekman transport. In the simulated warmer climates, the seasonal cycle of the MOHT is projected to change, mostly in the tropics and also in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes. The eddy contribution to the MOHT is broadly consistent with that in the observationally optimized eddy-permitting model. However, in the tropics a significant fraction of the eddy energy is converted back to the mean circulation, and the heat transports due to the parameterized and permitted eddies differ.

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Khan, Wasim Ullah, Muhammad Awais, Nabeela Parveen, Aamir Ali, Saeed Ehsan Awan, Muhammad Yousaf Malik, and Yigang He. "Analytical Assessment of (Al2O3–Ag/H2O) Hybrid Nanofluid Influenced by Induced Magnetic Field for Second Law Analysis with Mixed Convection, Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation." Coatings 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050498.

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The current study is an attempt to analytically characterize the second law analysis and mixed convective rheology of the (Al2O3–Ag/H2O) hybrid nanofluid flow influenced by magnetic induction effects towards a stretching sheet. Viscous dissipation and internal heat generation effects are encountered in the analysis as well. The mathematical model of partial differential equations is fabricated by employing boundary-layer approximation. The transformed system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is solved using the homotopy analysis method. The entropy generation number is formulated in terms of fluid friction, heat transfer and Joule heating. The effects of dimensionless parameters on flow variables and entropy generation number are examined using graphs and tables. Further, the convergence of HAM solutions is examined in terms of defined physical quantities up to 20th iterations, and confirmed. It is observed that large λ1 upgrades velocity, entropy generation and heat transfer rate, and drops the temperature. High values of δ enlarge velocity and temperature while reducing heat transport and entropy generation number. Viscous dissipation strongly influences an increase in flow and heat transfer rate caused by a no-slip condition on the sheet.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heat generation and transport'

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