Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heat and salt transport

Academic literature on the topic 'Heat and salt transport'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Heat and salt transport"

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Pnyushkov, Andrey V., Igor V. Polyakov, Robert Rember, Vladimir V. Ivanov, Matthew B. Alkire, Igor M. Ashik, Till M. Baumann, Genrikh V. Alekseev, and Arild Sundfjord. "Heat, salt, and volume transports in the eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from 2 years of mooring observations." Ocean Science 14, no. 6 (November 2, 2018): 1349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1349-2018.

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Abstract. This study discusses along-slope volume, heat, and salt transports derived from observations collected in 2013–2015 using a cross-slope array of six moorings ranging from 250 to 3900 m in the eastern Eurasian Basin (EB) of the Arctic Ocean. These observations demonstrate that in the upper 780 m layer, the along-slope boundary current advected, on average, 5.1±0.1 Sv of water, predominantly in the eastward (shallow-to-right) direction. Monthly net volume transports across the Laptev Sea slope vary widely, from ∼0.3±0.8 in April 2014 to ∼9.9±0.8 Sv in June 2014; 3.1±0.1 Sv (or 60 %) of the net transport was associated with warm and salty intermediate-depth Atlantic Water (AW). Calculated heat transport for 2013–2015 (relative to −1.8 ∘C) was 46.0±1.7 TW, and net salt transport (relative to zero salinity) was 172±6 Mkg s−1. Estimates for AW heat and salt transports were 32.7±1.3 TW (71 % of net heat transport) and 112±4 Mkg s−1 (65 % of net salt transport). The variability of currents explains ∼90 % of the variability in the heat and salt transports. The remaining ∼10 % is controlled by temperature and salinity anomalies together with the temporal variability of the AW layer thickness. The annual mean volume transports decreased by 25 % from 5.8±0.2 Sv in 2013–2014 to 4.4±0.2 Sv in 2014–2015, suggesting that changes in the transports at interannual and longer timescales in the eastern EB may be significant.
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Hansen, B., K. M. H. Larsen, H. Hátún, R. Kristiansen, E. Mortensen, and S. Østerhus. "Transport of volume, heat, and salt towards the Arctic in the Faroe Current 1993–2013." Ocean Science 11, no. 5 (September 22, 2015): 743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-11-743-2015.

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Abstract. The flow of warm and saline water from the Atlantic Ocean, across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, into the Nordic Seas – the Atlantic inflow – is split into three separate branches. The most intense of these branches is the inflow between Iceland and the Faroe Islands (Faroes), which is focused into the Faroe Current, north of the Faroes. The Atlantic inflow is an integral part of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC), which is projected to weaken during the 21st century and might conceivably reduce the oceanic heat and salt transports towards the Arctic. Since the mid-1990s, hydrographic properties and current velocities of the Faroe Current have been monitored along a section extending north from the Faroe shelf. From these in situ observations, time series of volume, heat, and salt transport have previously been reported, but the high variability of the transport has made it difficult to establish whether there are trends. Here, we present results from a new analysis of the Faroe Current where the in situ observations have been combined with satellite altimetry. For the period 1993 to 2013, we find the average volume transport of Atlantic water in the Faroe Current to be 3.8 ± 0.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) with a heat transport relative to 0 °C of 124 ± 15 TW (1 TW = 1012 W). Consistent with other results for the Northeast Atlantic component of the THC, we find no indication of weakening. The transports of the Faroe Current, on the contrary, increased. The overall increase over the 2 decades of observation was 9 ± 8 % for volume transport and 18 ± 9 % for heat transport (95 % confidence intervals). During the same period, the salt transport relative to the salinity of the deep Faroe Bank Channel overflow (34.93) more than doubled, potentially strengthening the feedback on thermohaline intensity. The increased heat and salt transports are partly caused by the increased volume transport and partly by increased temperatures and salinities of the Atlantic inflow, which have been claimed mainly to be caused by the weakened subpolar gyre.
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Hansen, B., K. M. H. Larsen, H. Hátún, R. Kristiansen, E. Mortensen, and S. Østerhus. "Increasing transports of volume, heat, and salt towards the Arctic in the Faroe Current 1993–2013." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 3 (June 9, 2015): 1013–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1013-2015.

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Abstract. The flow of warm and saline water from the Atlantic Ocean, across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, into the Nordic Seas – the Atlantic inflow – is split into three separate branches. The most intensive of these branches is the inflow between Iceland and the Faroe Islands (Faroes), which is focused into the Faroe Current, north of the Faroes. The Atlantic inflow is an integral part of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC), which is projected to weaken during the 21 century and might conceivably reduce the oceanic heat and salt transports towards the Arctic. Since the mid-1990s, hydrographic properties and current velocities of the Faroe Current have been monitored along a section extending north from the Faroe shelf. From these in situ observations, time series of volume, heat, and salt transport have previously been reported, but the high variability of the transport series has made it difficult to identify trends. Here, we present results from a new analysis of the Faroe Current where the in situ observations have been combined with satellite altimetry. For the period 1993 to 2013, we find the average volume transport of Atlantic water in the Faroe Current to be 3.8 ± 0.5 Sv (1 Sv =106 m3 s−1) with a heat transport relative to 0 °C of 124 ± 15 TW (1 TW =1012 W). Consistent with other results for the Northeast Atlantic component of the THC, we find no indication of weakening. The transports of the Faroe Current, on the contrary, increased. The overall trend over the two decades of observation was 9 ± 8% for volume transport and 18 ± 9% for heat transport (95% confidence intervals). During the same period, the salt transport relative to the salinity of the deep Faroe Bank Channel overflow (34.93) more than doubled, potentially strengthening the feedback on thermohaline intensity. The increased heat and salt transports are partly caused by the increased volume transport and partly by increased temperatures and salinities of the Atlantic inflow, attributed mainly to the weakened subpolar gyre.
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Lee, Mei-Man, A. J. George Nurser, A. C. Coward, and B. A. de Cuevas. "Eddy Advective and Diffusive Transports of Heat and Salt in the Southern Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1376–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3057.1.

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Abstract There are two distinct mechanisms by which eddies provide systematic transport of tracer on isopycnals: the advective transport, associated with the slumping of isopycnals, and the diffusive transport, associated with down-gradient diffusion. Depending on the large-scale tracer distribution, eddy advective transport has either the same direction as or opposite direction to eddy diffusive transport. As a consequence, eddy advection and eddy diffusion can reinforce each other for some tracers but oppose each other for other tracers. Using scaling analysis, it is argued that the relative directions of eddy advective and diffusive transports can be determined simply from the relative slopes of tracers and isopycnals. An eddy-resolving (1/12°) global ocean model is used to illustrate the two eddy transport mechanisms for temperature and salinity in the Southern Ocean. Applications to other tracers, such as oxygen, are discussed. The diagnosed eddy diffusivity for temperature (and salinity) is found to be considerably different from the eddy diffusivity for eddy advective transport velocity.
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Radko, Timour, and D. Paul Smith. "Equilibrium transport in double-diffusive convection." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 692 (September 28, 2011): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.343.

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AbstractA theoretical model for the equilibrium double-diffusive transport is presented which emphasizes the role of secondary instabilities of salt fingers in saturation of their linear growth. Theory assumes that the fully developed equilibrium state is characterized by the comparable growth rates of primary and secondary instabilities. This assumption makes it possible to formulate an efficient algorithm for computing diffusivities of heat and salt as a function of the background property gradients and molecular parameters. The model predicts that the double-diffusive transport of heat and salt rapidly intensifies with decreasing density ratio. Fluxes are less sensitive to molecular characteristics, mildly increasing with Prandtl number $(\mathit{Pr})$ and decreasing with diffusivity ratio $(\tau )$. Theory is successfully tested by a series of direct numerical simulations which span a wide range of $\mathit{Pr}$ and $\tau $.
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Cui, Wei, Jie Zhang, and Jungang Yang. "Seasonal variation in eddy activity and associated heat/salt transport in the Bay of Bengal based on satellite, Argo, and 3D reprocessed data." Ocean Science 18, no. 6 (November 22, 2022): 1645–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1645-2022.

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Abstract. Based on satellite altimetry data spanning over 26 years in combination with Argo profile data or three-dimensional (3D) reprocessed thermohaline fields, the eddy synthesis method was used to construct vertical temperature and salinity structures of eddies in the Bay of Bengal, and the seasonal thermohaline properties of eddies and the heat and salt transport by eddies were analyzed. Analysis revealed that mesoscale eddy activities and the vertical thermohaline structures in the Bay of Bengal have evident seasonal variation. Temperature anomalies caused by eddies are usually between ±1 and ±3 ∘C (positive for anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and negative for cyclonic eddies (CEs)), and the magnitude varies seasonally. Salinity anomalies caused by eddies are small and disturbance signals in the southern bay due to the small vertical gradient of salinity there; salinity anomalies in the northern bay are generally between ±0.2 and ±0.3 psu, negative for AEs and positive for CEs. Owing to seasonal changes in both the eddy activity and the vertical thermohaline structure in the Bay of Bengal, the eddy-induced heat and salt transport in different seasons also changes substantially. Generally, high heat and salt transport is concentrated in eddy-rich regions, e.g., the western, northwestern, and eastern parts of the bay, the seas to the east of Sri Lanka, and the region to the southeast outside of the bay. The southern part of the bay shows weak salt transport owing to the inconsistent salinity signal within eddies. The result of the divergence of eddy heat transport illustrates that the 10–20 W m−2 value of the eddy-induced heat flux is comparable in magnitude with the annual mean air–sea net heat flux in the Bay of Bengal. Compared with the large-scale net heat flux and freshwater flux at the surface, the eddy-induced heat/freshwater transport can contribute substantially to regional and basin-scale heat/freshwater variability. This work provides data that could support further research on the heat and salt balance of the entire Bay of Bengal.
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Yang, Lina, and Dongliang Yuan. "Heat and salt transport throughout the North Pacific Ocean." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 34, no. 6 (March 11, 2016): 1347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-016-5125-y.

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Olsen, S. M., B. Hansen, S. Østerhus, D. Quadfasel, and H. Valdimarsson. "Biased thermohaline exchanges with the Arctic across the Iceland–Faroe Ridge in ocean climate models." Ocean Science 12, no. 2 (April 13, 2016): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-545-2016.

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Abstract. The northern limb of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and its transport of heat and salt towards the Arctic strongly modulate the climate of the Northern Hemisphere. The presence of warm surface waters prevents ice formation in parts of the Arctic Mediterranean, and ocean heat is directly available for sea-ice melt, while salt transport may be critical for the stability of the exchanges. Through these mechanisms, ocean heat and salt transports play a disproportionally strong role in the climate system, and realistic simulation is a requisite for reliable climate projections. Across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR) this occurs in three well-defined branches where anomalies in the warm and saline Atlantic inflow across the shallow Iceland–Faroe Ridge (IFR) have been shown to be particularly difficult to simulate in global ocean models. This branch (IF-inflow) carries about 40 % of the total ocean heat transport into the Arctic Mediterranean and is well constrained by observation during the last 2 decades but associated with significant inter-annual fluctuations. The inconsistency between model results and observational data is here explained by the inability of coarse-resolution models to simulate the overflow across the IFR (IF-overflow), which feeds back onto the simulated IF-inflow. In effect, this is reduced in the model to reflect only the net exchange across the IFR. Observational evidence is presented for a substantial and persistent IF-overflow and mechanisms that qualitatively control its intensity. Through this, we explain the main discrepancies between observed and simulated exchange. Our findings rebuild confidence in modelled net exchange across the IFR, but reveal that compensation of model deficiencies here through other exchange branches is not effective. This implies that simulated ocean heat transport to the Arctic is biased low by more than 10 % and associated with a reduced level of variability, while the quality of the simulated salt transport becomes critically dependent on the link between IF-inflow and IF-overflow. These features likely affect sensitivity and stability of climate models to climate change and limit the predictive skill.
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Olsen, S. M., B. Hansen, S. Østerhus, D. Quadfasel, and H. Valdimarsson. "Biased thermohaline exchanges with the arctic across the Iceland-Faroe Ridge in ocean climate models." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (July 14, 2015): 1471–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1471-2015.

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Abstract. The northern limb of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and its transport of heat and salt towards the Arctic strongly modulates the climate of the Northern Hemisphere. Presence of warm surface waters prevents ice formation in parts of the Arctic Mediterranean and ocean heat is in critical regions directly available for sea-ice melt, while salt transport may be critical for the stability of the exchanges. Hereby, ocean heat and salt transports play a disproportionally strong role in the climate system and realistic simulation is a requisite for reliable climate projections. Across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) this occurs in three well defined branches where anomalies in the warm and saline Atlantic inflow across the shallow Iceland-Faroe Ridge (IFR) have shown particularly difficult to simulate in global ocean models. This branch (IF-inflow) carries about 40 % of the total ocean heat transport into the Arctic Mediterranean and is well constrained by observation during the last two decades but is associated with significant inter-annual fluctuations. The inconsistency between model results and observational data is here explained by the inability of coarse resolution models to simulate the overflow across the IFR (IF-overflow), which feeds back on the simulated IF-inflow. In effect, this is reduced in the model to reflect only the net exchange across the IFR. Observational evidence is presented for a substantial and persistent IF-overflow and mechanisms that qualitatively control its intensity. Through this, we explain the main discrepancies between observed and simulated exchange. Our findings rebuild confidence in modeled net exchange across the IFR, but reveal that compensation of model deficiencies here through other exchange branches is not effective. This implies that simulated ocean heat transport to the Arctic is biased low by more than 10 % and associated with a reduced level of variability while the quality of the simulated salt transport becomes critically dependent on the link between IF-inflow and IF-overflow. These features likely affect sensitivity and stability of climate models to climate change and limit the predictive skill.
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Canova, David P., Mark P. Fischer, Richard S. Jayne, and Ryan M. Pollyea. "Advective Heat Transport and the Salt Chimney Effect: A Numerical Analysis." Geofluids 2018 (July 9, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2378710.

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We conducted numerical simulations of coupled fluid and heat transport in an offshore, buried salt diapir environment to determine the effects of advective heat transport and its relation to the so-called “salt chimney effect.” Model sets were designed to investigate (1) salt geometry, (2) depth-dependent permeability, (3) geologic heterogeneity, and (4) the relative influence of each of these factors. Results show that decreasing the dip of the diapir induces advective heat transfer up the side of the diapir, elevating temperatures in the basin. Depth-dependent permeability causes upwelling of warm waters in the basin, which we show to be more sensitive to basal heat flux than brine concentration. In these model scenarios, heat is advected up the side of the diapir in a narrower zone of upward-flowing warm water, while cool waters away from the diapir flank circulate deeper into the basin. The resulting fluid circulation pattern causes increased discharge at the diapir margin and fluid flow downward, above the crest of the diapir. Geologic heterogeneity decreases the overall effects of advective heat transfer. The presence of low permeability sealing horizons reduces the vertical extent of convection cells, and fluid flow is dominantly up the diapir flank. The combined effects of depth-dependent permeability coupled with geologic heterogeneity simulate several geologic phenomena that are reported in the literature. In this model scenario, conductive heat transfer dominates in the basal units, whereas advection of heat begins to affect the middle layers of the model and dominates the upper units. Convection cells split by sealing layers develop within the upper units. From our highly simplified models, we can predict that advective heat transport (i.e., thermal convection) likely dominates in the early phases of diapirism when sediments have not undergone significant compaction and retain high porosity and permeability. As the salt structures mature into more complex geometries, advection will diminish due to the increase in dip of the salt-sediment interface and the increased hydraulic heterogeneity due to complex stratigraphic architecture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heat and salt transport"

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Yari, Sadegh. "Heat and salt transport across the strait of Otranto." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3213.

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2007/2008
The water transport and advected heat through the Strait of Otranto are computed applying a new methodology to the historical data set. According to the previous oceanographic studies, the Adriatic Sea annually loses heat through the air-sea interface. This heat loss should be balanced by the heat advected across the Strait of Otranto. Direct current measurements for almost one year (from December 94 through November 95), and five seasonal oceanographic campaigns are used in this study. The current data are measured at sixteen locations at different depths; near surface, intermediate depths and near bottom. The measured current data are detided and low pass filtered in order to remove tidal and inertial oscillations. A variational inverse method based on a variational principle and a finite element solver is used to reconstruct the current field across the Strait section from sparse measurements. The mean water flow across the strait consists of an inflow on the eastern side and an outflow on the western side, while there is a two layer structure in the central part. The latter has an inflow in the surface layer and an outflow in the bottom layer. The mean monthly, seasonally and yearly water transports and corresponding errors are calculated. The mean annual inflow and outflow water transport rates are estimated as 0.90±0.04 Sv and -0.94±0.31 (error) Sv and the net transport is equal to -0.04±0.32 (error) Sv. Thus, on a yearly time interval, the inflow and the outflow are practically compensated. These estimations of water transport are in agreement with previous studies. The seasonal heat flux is estimated by using the data collected during the hydrographic surveys conducted in December 1994, February, May, August and November 1995. The results show a net heat advection into the Adriatic Sea on a yearly basis. The estimated values of advected heat applying two different methods are 2.93±0.35 TW and 2.5±0.35 TW, which are equivalent to heat gain of 21.3±2.5 (error) Wm-2 and 17±2.5 Wm-2 for the whole basin which are compared to the calculated heat loss of -36±152 (std) Wm-2 over the Adriatic Sea. Salt transported salt is calculated by using salinity and current data. The average annual salt transport is estimated as an inflow of salt equal to 0.05106 Kgs-1. This is in agreement with the fact that the Adriatic Sea is a dilution basin. The average annual fresh water budget is estimated as -0.002 Sv which is equivalent to fresh water gain of 0.45 m/year for the entire Adriatic Sea.
XXI Ciclo
1972
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Cisewski, Boris. "Der Transport von Wärme, Wasser und Salz in den Arktischen Ozean = The transport of heat, mass and salt into the Arctic Ocean /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/327039299.pdf.

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Flanders, Justin M. "Thermal Transport and Heat Exchanger Design for the Space Molten Salt Reactor Concept." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345508695.

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Olson, Elise. "Oceanic transports of heat and salt from a global model and data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38560.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).
A state estimate produced by ECCO-GODAE from a global one-degree model and data spanning the years 1992-2005 is analyzed in terms of transports of volume, temperature, and freshwater. The estimate is assessed to be sufficiently close to observations to merit analysis. The methods of analysis are similar to those of Stammer et al. (2003). The longer time period allows trends to be measured with greater confidence. Time mean flow characteristics demonstrate agreement with previous estimates. The strength of the ACC (146±5Sv) is larger than in the Stammer et al. (2003) state estimate, but is within the range of other estimates. A twelve-year decreasing trend is observed in the strength of the ACC of approximately 0.88Sv/year. The Indonesian throughflow transport of 1 l±2Sv is within the expected range. There is also a decreasing twelve year trend in the strength of the ITF of 0.065Sv/year. The ITF is stronger in boreal summer than boreal winter by approximately 4Sv. A strong annual cycle is present in the transport record on most sections, but higher frequency variability is also present. Most temperature transport variability results from velocity fluctuations, except in the Southern Ocean where temperature fluctuations are more important. Recommended further work includes a more detailed analysis of variability in this state estimate.
by Elise Olson.
S.M.
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Chea, Nila. "Salt. Fat. Acid. Heat. Media." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22680.

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According to Samin Nosrat’s (2017) best-selling cookbook, salt, fat, acid and heat are key to cooking good food. At the same time, the process of making food has never been more connected with media. Given how intertwined food and media are today, I also add media to the list of ingredients. Food has become a popular topic in traditional media, as well as on new digital platforms. Since there is already a large body of research on food media texts, this thesis concentrates on food media related practices in the everyday life and the convergence between traditional and digital food media. For this study, a mixed-method approach was chosen, which included a questionnaire and a subsequent in-depth interview for the participants. The qualitative analysis of the data builds on a theoretical framework which draws first and foremost on Couldry’s (2004) Practice Theory which is complemented by Foth & Hearn’s (2007) Communication Ecology Theory to organize the practices. The food media practices of the study participants illustrated how embedded media have become in everyday practices and explained the convergence between traditional and digital food media. At the same time, the results brought media power dynamics to light and demonstrated that even media, that seems innocent at first, has to be consumed with a critical eye.
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Daher, Ibrahim. "Salt transport experiments in fractured media." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45285.

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During the sequestration of CO2 into down-hole rock formations, salt precipitation may occur due to the drying of the formation brine if the injected CO2 is dry. This can negatively affect the performance of injection wells and can even lead to well clogging, which is a serious risk for such operations. Further, the salt deposition can alter the flow of the CO2 in the formation altering the storage capacity. Therefore, it is very important to explore the effect on CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) process of drying out and salt precipitation during CO2 injection. This study is focused on CCS in fractured aquifers, which has received less attention than their un-fractured counterparts and particularly, the flow impairment associated with salt precipitation during the injection of dry CO2. When CO2 is injected into a conductive fracture network, the brine will rapidly be displaced from the fractures near the point of injection and the subsequent mass transfer between the matrix and the fracture; orthogonal to the flow direction in the fracture, is the major target of the project. The dry-out that occurs due to the evaporation of water from the brine filled region of the matrix into the under-saturated CO2 filling the fracture can cause deposition of salt in the matrix or the fracture, locally reducing permeability. This thesis reports on an investigation of the evaporative drying kinetics and salt precipitation using a combination of gravimetric and X-ray µ-CT techniques to measure the water and brine saturation, salt precipitation and distribution of salt deposition in two rocks; a sandstone, Bentheimer and a carbonate, Ketton. Based on the experimental results for de-ionised water, two main regimes occur during the dry-out process: a capillarity driven regime which seems to be dominant for most of the dry-out process in the experiments, during which evaporation happens only at the surface of the fracture, followed by a diffusion limited regime after the liquid bridge to the surface breaks and pores near the surface become dry for the first time. In pure water, this results in an almost constant evaporation flux in the first regime followed by a mass loss that is linear when plotted against the square root of time. The experiments with brine were initially similar with an evaporative flux almost constant with time. However, a short time into the process the evaporative flux started to decrease approximately linearly with the square root of time, following the deposition of salt at the surface of the fracture. At the end of gravimetric dry-out tests, µ-CT images were obtained showing that salt was mainly precipitated at the surface of the sample; however, relatively small amount of salt was observed precipitated in the interior of the sample. The pore structure of the precipitated salt at the end of the dry-out tests maintained connectivity between the surface of the deposit and the rock matrix. Dynamic µ-CT imaging of Bentheimer during brine drying showed that during the early stage of evaporation, salt was continuously deposited at the surface of the matrix. During this stage in the evaporation of brine, advection dominates the transport of dissolved salt, indicated by a large Peclet number, and this resulted in an increased salt concentration very local to the site of evaporation. The ongoing formation of an efflorescence therefore, is evidence for the continuity of the liquid connections to the outside of the sample, despite the evaporation becoming linear against the square root of time. Unfortunately, the liquid bridges to the surface were too small to be seen directly in the µ-CT imaging. The volume of precipitated salt increased with time and this resulted in a change in the pore structure at the surface of the sample structure, consequently reducing the brine-drying rate. However, as the salt deposition and therefore the location of the evaporation continued to be at the exposed surface, vapour diffusion cannot account for the mass lost by evaporation becoming linear in the square root time as is usually stated. Some other mechanism must account for the observed behaviour and we speculate that the surface area for evaporation was reduced by the appearance of dry patched on the surface. At a very late stage of evaporation, it was observed that no further salt precipitated at the surface of the sample; and subsequently, salt precipitation progressed with time towards the interior of the sample core with small amount of salt. At this stage the liquid connection to the surface must finally have broken and a true diffusion controlled process occurred. In the limited sample size used in this study, this mechanism accounted for only a small fraction of the total salt deposited. From permeability measurements before and after the complete drying of the samples, it was demonstrated that the permeability of Bentheimer was reduced by 81 % from 2.2 D to 0.41 D by the salt deposition. However, Lattice Boltzmann simulations of single phase permeability in the segmented µ-CT images, showed a reduction by 54% from 2.27 D to 1.28 D at 6 µm scanned voxel resolution and 54% from 2.7D to 1.48D at 15um scanned voxel resolution. From these results, it can be concluded that salt precipitation during the injection of CO2 into a fractured porous medial result in a significant reduction in formation permeability, but connectivity between the matrix and the fracture is maintained.
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Venter, Jason Stephen. "Salt River multi modal transport interchange." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5580.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
South African cities have unique spatial design challenges which can be attributed to our historical and politically charged urban planning practices. Our cities are characterised by modernist town planning principles which have fragmented communities through spatial barriers such as highways, train lines and fences while current development perpetuates urban sprawl. Due to these circumstances many contemporary urban design policies promote densification strategies through transit orientated approaches.In my thesis project, I propose to redesign Salt River Train Station into a multi modal transport interchange. I argue that this multimodal interchange can have an urban developmental and regenerative effect that can address some of the challenges faced in our urban landscape. This design report will attempt to document the processes and explorative methods that I have incorporated during this design process.
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Reed, D. J. "Suspended sediment transport in salt marsh creeks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355891.

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Drake, Arly Marie. "EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CREEPING BENTGRASS GROWTH AND HEALTH DURING HEAT, SALT, AND COMBINED HEAT AND SALT STRESS." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1546450732510932.

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Legault, Stephane. "Heat transport in quasicrystals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/NQ55355.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Heat and salt transport"

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Cisewski, Boris. Der Transport von Wärme, Wasser und Salz in den Arktischen Ozean =: The transport of heat, mass and salt into the Arctic Ozean [i.e. Ocean]. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2001.

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1935-, Tien Chang L., Majumdar Arunava, and Gerner F. M, eds. Microscale energy transport. Washington, D.C: Taylor & Francis, 1998.

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Leonard, Sagis, and Oh Eun-Suok, eds. Interfacial transport phenomena. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2007.

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Meeting, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Winter. Convective transport. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987.

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Sellitto, Antonio, Vito Antonio Cimmelli, and David Jou. Mesoscopic Theories of Heat Transport in Nanosystems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27206-1.

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1945-, Mareschal Jean-Claude, ed. Heat generation and transport in the Earth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Acosta, Jose Luis. Porous media: Heat & mass transfer, transport & mechanics. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Jayne, Steven Robert. Dynamics of global ocean heat transport variability. Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, 1999.

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Experimental micro/nanoscale thermal transport. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2012.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Heat pipe heat transport system for the Stirling space power converter (SSPC). [Cleveland, Ohio]: Lewis Research Center, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heat and salt transport"

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Sukhinov, Alexander, Alexander Chistyakov, Vladimir Litvinov, Asya Atayan, Alla Nikitina, and Alena Filina. "Supercomputer Modeling of the Hydrodynamics of Shallow Water with Salt and Heat Transport." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 341–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64616-5_30.

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Hondzo, Midhat, and Heinz G. Stefan. "Heat Transport." In Water Science and Technology Library, 189–218. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8664-1_6.

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Böttcher, Norbert, Guido Blöcher, Mauro Cacace, and Olaf Kolditz. "Heat Transport." In Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in Porous Media, 89–105. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27177-9_4.

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Dobkin, Daniel M., and Michael K. Zuraw. "Heat Transport." In Principles of Chemical Vapor Deposition, 69–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0369-7_4.

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Hurle, Donald T. J. "Heat Transport." In Crystal Pulling from the Melt, 40–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78208-4_5.

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Hussey, Charles L. "Transport Numbers in Molten Salts." In Molten Salt Chemistry, 141–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3863-2_6.

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Böttcher, Norbert, Norihiro Watanabe, Uwe-Jens Görke, and Olaf Kolditz. "Heat Transport Exercises." In SpringerBriefs in Energy, 39–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31335-1_4.

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Yoda, Minami, Jean-Luc Garden, Olivier Bourgeois, Aeraj Haque, Aloke Kumar, Hans Deyhle, Simone Hieber, et al. "Nanoscale Heat Transport." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 1721. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100552.

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Mauri, Roberto. "Convective Heat Transport." In Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Flows, 221–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15793-1_13.

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Angell, C. A. "Transport and Relaxation Processes in Molten Salts." In Molten Salt Chemistry, 123–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3863-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heat and salt transport"

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Kelly, Bruce, Henry Price, Doug Brosseau, and David Kearney. "Adopting Nitrate/Nitrite Salt Mixtures as the Heat Transport Fluid in Parabolic Trough Power Plants." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36172.

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The present generation of commercial parabolic trough solar power plant uses a synthetic oil as the heat transport fluid in the collector field. The plants are currently operating at the upper temperature limit of the fluid, and further improvements in the solar-to-electric conversion efficiency are likely to be incremental. In contrast, adoption of a nitrate salt, or a nitrate/nitrite salt, mixture as the heat transport fluid would allow the collector field outlet temperature to increase by 50 to 100 °C, which translates into an increase in the gross Rankine cycle efficiency from the present 37.5 percent to new values in the range of 40 to 41 percent. Further, the low cost and the low vapor pressure of the candidate salt mixtures allow the heat transport fluid to also act as the storage medium in a thermal storage system. Using a salt mixture in the collector field should reduce the unit cost of thermal storage by approximately half compared to the current indirect designs. The principal, and far from minor, liability of the candidate salt mixtures are freezing points in the range of 120 °C to 220 °C. As a consequence, all salt components, including the collector field, will require some form of electric heating for freeze protection. Further, collector designs will need to be demonstrated, or developed, which are tolerant of a limited number of freeze/thaw cycles. The candidate salts are also corrosive to the current ball joint sealing materials. This paper outlines the problems which need to be solved before a commercial salt project could reasonably be considered by a project developer, the elements of a test and demonstration program to solve the problems, and the contributions which will be necessary from the salt component vendors, the project developers, and the financial community.
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Canova, David P., Mark P. Fischer, Ryan Pollyea, and Rick Jayne. "ADVECTIVE HEAT TRANSPORT AND THE SALT CHIMNEY EFFECT: A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281487.

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Balasubramanian, Ganesh, Mehdi Ghommem, Muhammad R. Hajj, William P. Wong, Jennifer A. Tomlin, and Ishwar K. Puri. "Thermochemical Energy Storage Using Salt Hydrates." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39779.

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We investigate the capability of salt hydrates, using magnesium sulfate heptahydrate as a model salt, to store thermo-chemical energy as they dissociate into anhydrous salts or lower hydrates and water vapor upon heating. When salt hydrates are heated to the temperature required to activate the dehydration reaction, water desorption occurs from the compound. While thermal diffusion governs thermal transport below this reaction temperature, the heat transfer during the dehydration process is influenced by thermochemical kinetics. An anhydrous salt that has relatively higher energy content than its hydrated counterpart can be stably stored over long durations and transported at ambient temperatures. Thus, thermal energy can be released by allowing water vapor to flow across the anhydrous salt, which transforms its chemically stored heat into a sensible form. We model the thermochemical process based on the conservation of mass and energy and a relation describing the chemical kinetics, and employ finite difference technique to solve them. Different cases are considered to provide suggestions to improve the process performance. This storage application has potential for long-term thermal applications, e.g., for storing solar heat during summer months and releasing it in the winter to warm buildings.
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Zhang, Xiaochun, Xiao Wang, Wei Gong, and Yuan Fu. "Stress Analysis and Optimum Design of the Heat Transport System at Molten Salt Reactor." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45519.

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The heat transport system of thorium-based molten salt reactor (TMSR) consist of the primary and secondary salt loop system, main salt pump system, heat exchanger system and salt drain tanks system. As an innovative reactor, the design temperature can go up to 700°C (1292°F) in TMSR. At first a sufficient flexible system should be considered for the heat transport system to accommodate the movements of the components as they expand under the high temperature. Then pipe supports need to be well designed to transfer the load from piping to the supporting structures. To evaluate the structural integrity, the structural analysis is carried out by using a 3-dimentional structural model. The calculated results provide the theoretical and practical guidance value for the optimum design of pipeline layout in TMSR.
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Kruis, J., T. Krejci, M. Sejnoha, and J. Nemecek. "Coupled Heat, Moisture and Salt Transport in Civil Engineering Structures Performed on Parallel Computers." In The World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer. Avestia Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icmfht16.1.

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Wang, Jinchao, Zhiming Wang, Quanshu Zeng, and Jun Wang. "A Multiphysics Coupled Model of Constructing Horizontal Salt Cavern Considering Heat Transfer." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2022-018.

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Abstract The horizontal salt cavern is the ideal place for energy storage built in bedded salt formations. The construction of the multi-step horizontal salt cavern is a complicated process of fluid dynamics and chemical dynamics, including salt boundary dissolution, cavern development, brine flow, heat transfer, and species transport. Considering the influence of the heat transfer, the multiple governing equations are coupled to simulate the construction process of the 3D horizontal salt cavern. The influence of heat transfer on fluid flow, brine concentration, and cavity expansion is analyzed. According to the results, heat transfer accelerates the transport and diffusion of the brine, which can increase the dissolution rate of salt rock. The direction of the forced thermal convection is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow and the brine concentration gradient in the cavity. The results also show that the formed cavity previously will continue to expand in the next leaching stage, but the height of expansion decreases gradually. This work helps predict the multi-step horizontal salt cavern development and concentration distribution under reasonable accuracy, which may guide to the scheme design and engineering practice of the multi-step horizontal salt cavern construction for underground gas storage.
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Yang, Hongjoo, and Debjyoti Banerjee. "Study of Specific Heat Capacity Enhancement of Molten Salt Nanomaterials for Solar Thermal Energy Storage (TES)." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75338.

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The overall thermal efficiency of solar power plants is highly sensitive to the operating characteristics of the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) devices. Enhancing the operating temperature of TES is imperative for enhancing the thermal efficacy of solar power plants. However, material property limitations for high temperature operation severely limit the choice of materials for TES. Molten salts and their eutectics are promising candidates for high temperature operation of TES. To enhance the thermal and operational efficiency of TES, the thermo-physical properties such as the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the materials need to be maximized. The specific heat capacity (Cp) of molten salt is relatively smaller than other conventional TES materials. Recent studies have shown that addition of nanoparticles to molten salts can significantly enhance their specific heat capacity. Several transport and energy storage mechanisms have been proposed to account for these enhancements. Primarily, the layering of solvent molecules due to inter-molecular forces (due to competition between adhesive and cohesive forces) is observed at solid-liquid interface, leading to the formation of a more dense or “compressed layer” of solvent molecules on the dispersed nanoparticles. The formation and existence of the compressed layer has been demonstrated experimentally and from numerical predictions (e.g., Molecular Dynamics/ MD models). To verify the enhancement of specific heat capacity of molten salt nanofluids, the influence of compressed layer has been explored in this study. This implies that for the same amount (or concentration) of nanoparticle, the ratio of surface/volume of the individual nanoparticles can change significantly depending on the nanoparticles size and shape — which in turn can affect the mass fraction of the compressed layer formed on the surface of the nanoparticles. In this study, the specific heat capacity of the molten salt nanomaterials was investigated for: (a) silica nanoparticles in eutectic mixture of alkali chloride salt eutectics, and (b) silica nanoparticles in an eutectic mixture of alkali carbonate salts eutectics. The effect of the particle size distribution was considered in this study and it was observed that smaller nanoparticles contribute a larger proportion to the observed specific heat capacity enhancements. The size of distribution of the nanoparticles in the molten salt mixture/ nanomaterial (nanocomposites and nanofluids) was measured by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and subsequently the actual number of nanoparticles (as a function of size) that were dispersed in molten salt fluid was calculated. The specific heat capacity of molten salt nanomaterial was calculated using a classical mixing model and by accounting for the contribution from the compressed layer in the mixture.
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Liu, Yang, and Jun Wang. "Heat Transfer Simulation of the Fuel Transport Cask for Spherical Fuel Elements in Molten Salt Reactor." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60633.

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Fuel transport is an indispensable task for nuclear power plants. For pressurized water reactors (PWR) and boiling water reactors (BWR), many research projects have been completed for designing and testing the transport casks for fresh fuel as well as spent fuel [1–3]. To ensure the safety of nuclear fuel during the transportation, many aspects should be analyzed and examined for the casks with fuel inside, such as heat transfer and temperature calculation, radiation protection, nonproliferation issues, etc. The transport cask discussed in this paper is especially for new spherical fuel elements, which should be designed in accordance with the stipulations in the GB11806 Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material [4]. The Transport Cask for spherical fuel elements used in molten salt reactor (MSR) should be designed in accordance with the safety standards for transport of radioactive material. It is necessary to evaluate the thermal performance of the transport cask separately in normal transport condition and in accident transient. The MSR fuel sphere elements cask is in a circular cylinder shape and composed of inner container and outer shell cask. The objective of the thermal analysis of the cask under hypothetical accident conditions is to demonstrate that the cask containment boundary structural components are maintained within their safe operating temperature ranges. The heat transfer process (conduction, convection, and radiation) is simulated by ANSYS-CFX in this paper and it is demonstrated that the components of cask are maintained in safe operating temperature ranges. The calculation results are below limit temperatures, indicating that the thermal design of the cask could meet the Standard Regulations. The result is also compared with the fire test, which shows the calculation model is conservative and rational.
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Hijikata, Takatoshi, and Tadafumi Koyama. "Development of High Temperature Transport Technologies for Molten Salt and Liquid Cadmium in Pyrometallurgical Reprocessing." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48355.

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Pyrometallurgical reprocessing technology is currently being focused in many countries for closing actinide fuel cycle because of its favorable economic potential and an intrinsic proliferation-resistant feature due to the inherent difficulty of extracting weapons-usable plutonium. The feasibility of pyrometallurgical reprocessing has been demonstrated through many laboratory scale experiments. Hence the development of the engineering technology necessary for pyrometallurgical reprocessing is a key issue for industrial realization. The development of high-temperature transport technologies for molten salt and liquid cadmium is crucial for pyrometallurgical processing; however, there have been very few transport studies on high-temperature fluids. In this study, a salt transport test rig and a metal transport test rig were installed in an argon glove box with the aim of developing technologies for transporting molten salt and liquid cadmium at approximately 773 K. It was demonstrated that; using a centrifugal pump, molten salt at 773 K could be transported at a controlled rate from 4 to 8 dm3/min against a 1 m head. The transport behavior of the molten salt was found to be similar to that of water, and could be predicted from their similarity of kinematic viscosity. On the other hand, the transportation of liquid cadmium at approximately 700 K could be controlled at a rate of 0.5 to 1.6 dm3/min against a 1.6 m head using the centrifugal pump.
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Maděra, Jiří, Kamil Ďurana, Jan Kočí, Václav Kočí, and Robert Černý. "Software for service life assessment of historical buildings: Implementation of coupled heat, moisture and salt transport model." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4912632.

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Reports on the topic "Heat and salt transport"

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Dr. Kumar Sridharan, Dr. Mark Anderson, Dr. Michael Corradini, Dr. Todd Allen, Luke Olson, James Ambrosek, and Daniel Ludwig. Molten Salt Heat Transport Loop: Materials Corrosion and Heat Transfer Phenomena. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934785.

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Holcomb, David Eugene, and Sacit M. Cetiner. An Overview of Liquid Fluoride Salt Heat Transport Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/990239.

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Pattrick Calderoni. An experimental test plan for the characterization of molten salt thermochemical properties in heat transport systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000534.

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Jordan, Amy B., Hakim Boukhalfa, Florie Andre Caporuscio, and Philip H. Stauffer. Brine Transport Experiments in Granular Salt. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1257087.

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Hwang, Y., W. W. L. Lee, P. L. Chambre, and T. H. Pigford. Mass transport in salt repositories: Steady-state transport through interbeds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5497096.

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Taiz, L. [Tonoplast transport and salt tolerance in plants]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6653558.

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Leigh, Christi D., and Francis D. Hansen. Salt disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1005078.

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Keesling, Dallin. Molten Salt Reactor Passive Heat Removal System Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825994.

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Keolian, Robert M., and Anthony A. Atchley. Basic Research in Thermoacoustic Heat Transport. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417390.

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Atchley, Anthony A. Basic Research in Thermoacoustic Heat Transport. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada310791.

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