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Journal articles on the topic 'Heat adaptation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Horowitz, Michal. "Matching the Heart to Heat-Induced Circulatory Load: Heat-Acclimatory Responses." Physiology 18, no. 6 (December 2003): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/nips.01453.2003.

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Heat acclimation enhances cardiac efficiency by increasing stroke volume and decreasing heart rate. These adaptations involve biochemical changes in the contractile apparatus, switched on by altered expression of genes coding contractile and calcium-regulatory proteins and partially mediated by persistent low thyroxine. Heat acclimation also produces cross-tolerance to oxygen deprivation, thus reinforcing cardiac adaptation to oxygen demand/supply mismatching via energy-sparing pathways.

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2

HORI, Seiki. "Adaptation to Heat." Japanese Journal of Physiology 45, no. 6 (1995): 921–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.45.921.

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Périard, Julien D., Sebastien Racinais, and Michael N. Sawka. "Heat adaptation in humans with controlled heart rate heat acclimation." European Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 4 (January 30, 2021): 1233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04614-7.

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Pietrzak, William S. "Heat Adaptation of Bioabsorbable Plates." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 22, no. 3 (May 2011): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e31820f348a.

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5

Moseley, Pope L. "Heat shock proteins and heat adaptation of the whole organism." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): 1413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1413.

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Moseley, Pope L. Heat shock proteins and heat adaptation of the whole organism. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1413–1417, 1997.—Adaptation to heat may occur through acclimatization or thermotolerance; however, the linkage of these phenomena is poorly understood. The importance of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in thermotolerance and differences in their accumulation in organisms adapted to the heat suggest a role for HSPs in acclimatization as well. The role of HSPs in heat adaptation of the whole organism and the interrelationships among heat adaptation, endotoxin tolerance, and cytokine resistance through HSPs are reviewed.

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McCleave, Erin L., Katie M. Slattery, Rob Duffield, Philo U. Saunders, Avish P. Sharma, Stephen Crowcroft, and Aaron J. Coutts. "Impaired Heat Adaptation From Combined Heat Training and “Live High, Train Low” Hypoxia." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0399.

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Purpose: To determine whether combining training in heat with “Live High, Train Low” hypoxia (LHTL) further improves thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses to a heat-tolerance test compared with independent heat training. Methods: A total of 25 trained runners (peak oxygen uptake = 64.1 [8.0] mL·min−1·kg−1) completed 3-wk training in 1 of 3 conditions: (1) heat training combined with “LHTL” hypoxia (H+H; FiO2 = 14.4% [3000 m], 13 h·d−1; train at <600 m, 33°C, 55% relative humidity [RH]), (2) heat training (HOT; live and train <600 m, 33°C, 55% RH), and (3) temperate training (CONT; live and train <600 m, 13°C, 55% RH). Heat adaptations were determined from a 45-min heat-response test (33°C, 55% RH, 65% velocity corresponding to the peak oxygen uptake) at baseline and immediately and 1 and 3 wk postexposure (baseline, post, 1 wkP, and 3 wkP, respectively). Core temperature, heart rate, sweat rate, sodium concentration, plasma volume, and perceptual responses were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Submaximal heart rate (effect size [ES] = −0.60 [−0.89; −0.32]) and core temperature (ES = −0.55 [−0.99; −0.10]) were reduced in HOT until 1 wkP. Sweat rate (ES = 0.36 [0.12; 0.59]) and sweat sodium concentration (ES = −0.82 [−1.48; −0.16]) were, respectively, increased and decreased until 3 wkP in HOT. Submaximal heart rate (ES = −0.38 [−0.85; 0.08]) was likely reduced in H+H at 3 wkP, whereas CONT had unclear physiological changes. Perceived exertion and thermal sensation were reduced across all groups. Conclusions: Despite greater physiological stress from combined heat training and “LHTL” hypoxia, thermoregulatory adaptations are limited in comparison with independent heat training. The combined stimuli provide no additional physiological benefit during exercise in hot environments.

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Moss, Jodie N., Freya M. Bayne, Federico Castelli, Mitchell R. Naughton, Thomas C. Reeve, Steven J. Trangmar, Richard W. A. Mackenzie, and Christopher J. Tyler. "Short-term isothermic heat acclimation elicits beneficial adaptations but medium-term elicits a more complete adaptation." European Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04269-5.

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Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of 60 min daily, short-term (STHA) and medium-term (MTHA) isothermic heat acclimation (HA) on the physiological and perceptual responses to exercise heat stress. Methods Sixteen, ultra-endurance runners (female = 3) visited the laboratory on 13 occasions. A 45 min sub-maximal (40% Wmax) cycling heat stress test (HST) was completed in the heat (40 °C, 50% relative humidity) on the first (HSTPRE), seventh (HSTSTHA) and thirteenth (HSTMTHA) visit. Participants completed 5 consecutive days of a 60 min isothermic HA protocol (target Tre 38.5 °C) between HSTPRE and HSTSTHA and 5 more between HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA. Heart rate (HR), rectal (Tre), skin (Tsk) and mean body temperature (Tbody), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (TC) and sensation (TS) were recorded every 5 min. During HSTs, cortisol was measured pre and post and expired air was collected at 15, 30 and 45 min. Results At rest, Tre and Tbody were lower in HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA compared to HSTPRE, but resting HR was not different between trials. Mean exercising Tre, Tsk, Tbody, and HR were lower in both HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA compared to HSTPRE. There were no differences between HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA. Perceptual measurements were lowered by HA and further reduced during HSTMTHA. Conclusion A 60 min a day isothermic STHA was successful at reducing physiological and perceptual strain experienced when exercising in the heat; however, MTHA offered a more complete adaptation.

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8

Bäurle, Isabel. "Plant Heat Adaptation: priming in response to heat stress." F1000Research 5 (April 18, 2016): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7526.1.

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Abiotic stress is a major threat to crop yield stability. Plants can be primed by heat stress, which enables them to subsequently survive temperatures that are lethal to a plant in the naïve state. This is a rapid response that has been known for many years and that is highly conserved across kingdoms. Interestingly, recent studies in Arabidopsis and rice show that this thermo-priming lasts for several days at normal growth temperatures and that it is an active process that is genetically separable from the priming itself. This is referred to as maintenance of acquired thermotolerance or heat stress memory. Such a memory conceivably has adaptive advantages under natural conditions, where heat stress often is chronic or recurring. In this review, I will focus on recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of heat stress memory.

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9

Muga, A., and F. Moro. "Thermal Adaptation of Heat Shock Proteins." Current Protein & Peptide Science 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 552–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920308786733903.

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10

Ismail, Mohamed Saat, and Yutaka Tochihara. "Heat Adaptation of Tropic-Dwelling People." Journal of the Human-Environment System 11, no. 1 (2008): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1618/jhes.11.7.

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11

Taylor, Nigel A. S. "PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF HEAT ADAPTATION." Journal of the Human-Environment System 4, no. 1 (2000): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1618/jhes.4.11.

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Taylor, Nigel A. S. "Heat adaptation within a military context." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (November 2017): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.090.

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Pietrzak, William S. "Heat Adaptation of Bioabsorbable Craniofacial Plates." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 20, no. 6 (November 2009): 2180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e3181bf037b.

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14

Huang, Xun. "A lipid pathway for heat adaptation." Science China Life Sciences 58, no. 7 (June 4, 2015): 727–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-015-4880-x.

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15

Waddington, Gordon S. "Sauna use plus heat acclimation accelerates heat adaptation in females." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21, no. 2 (February 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.12.003.

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Notley, Sean R., Elizabeth A. Taylor, Norikazu Ohnishi, and Nigel A. S. Taylor. "Cutaneous vasomotor adaptation following repeated, isothermal heat exposures: evidence of adaptation specificity." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 4 (April 2018): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0569.

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Unequivocal enhancement of cutaneous vasomotor function has yet to be demonstrated following heat acclimation, possibly because the adaptation stimulus was not sustained, or because thermoeffector function was not assessed at equivalent deep-body temperatures. Therefore, forearm and local cutaneous vascular conductances were evaluated during exercise eliciting matched deep-body temperatures (37.5 °C, 38.5 °C), before and after isothermal heat acclimation. Both indices increased (21% and 25%), confirming cutaneous vasomotor adaptation can occur, provided those experimental design specifications are satisfied.

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Hafen, Paul S., Coray N. Preece, Jacob R. Sorensen, Chad R. Hancock, and Robert D. Hyldahl. "Repeated exposure to heat stress induces mitochondrial adaptation in human skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 1447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00383.2018.

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The heat stress response is associated with several beneficial adaptations that promote cell health and survival. Specifically, in vitro and animal investigations suggest that repeated exposures to a mild heat stress (~40°C) elicit positive mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle comparable to those observed with exercise. To assess whether such adaptations translate to human skeletal muscle, we produced local, deep tissue heating of the vastus lateralis via pulsed shortwave diathermy in 20 men and women ( n = 10 men; n = 10 women). Diathermy increased muscle temperature by 3.9°C within 30 min of application. Immediately following a single 2-h heating session, we observed increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and ERK1/2 but not of p38 MAPK or JNK. Following repeated heat exposures (2 h daily for 6 consecutive days), we observed a significant cellular heat stress response, as heat shock protein 70 and 90 increased 45% and 38%, respectively. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator-1 alpha and mitochondrial electron transport protein complexes I and V expression were increased after heating. These increases were accompanied by augmentation of maximal coupled and uncoupled respiratory capacity, measured via high-resolution respirometry. Our data provide the first evidence that mitochondrial adaptation can be elicited in human skeletal muscle in response to repeated exposures to mild heat stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heat stress has been shown to elicit mitochondrial adaptations in cell culture and animal research. We used pulsed shortwave diathermy to produce deep tissue heating and explore whether beneficial mitochondrial adaptations would translate to human skeletal muscle in vivo. We report, for the first time, positive mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle following recurrent heat stress. The results of this study have clinical implications for many conditions characterized by diminished skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.

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Oosterom, Erik van, Greg McLean, Kurt Deifel, Vijaya Singh, David Jordan, and Graeme Hammer. "Modelling Heat and Drought Adaptation in Crops." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036190.

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Drought and heat stress are increasingly important abiotic limitations to productivity of sorghum. Here, we use long-term simulations to quantify the importance of transpiration rates to drought adaptation and the importance of threshold temperatures and tolerance above the threshold for adaptation of seed set to heat stress. Simulations were parameterised using results of detailed physiological studies. The importance of transpiration rates to drought adaption was studied by comparing productivity of maize and 3dwarf sorghum. These crops have similar transpiration efficiency but contrasting transpiration rates per unit green leaf area (TGLA), which was captured through differences in RUE. Results showed that the greater TGLA of maize reduced productivity under drought stress, but increased productivity in well-watered conditions, indicating a trade-off between yield potential and drought adaptation. The increased water use of maize associated with higher yield potential could negatively affect carry-over of soil water in a cropping systems context. Simulations for sorghum productivity under heat stress, using long-term weather records for six locations across the Australian sorghum belt, showed that the most common incidence of heat stress around anthesis was the occurrence of individual days with maximum temperatures of 36–38 °C. Because these temperatures were near the threshold that limits seed set, increased temperature thresholds generally minimised yield reductions. However, predicted temperature increases in coming decades justify additional selection for increased tolerance above the threshold. As manipulating sowing dates did not reduce risks of heat stress around anthesis, genetic improvement provides the best prospect to mitigate adverse effects on grain yield.

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Sejian, V., R. Bhatta, J. B. Gaughan, F. R. Dunshea, and N. Lacetera. "Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress." Animal 12 (2018): s431—s444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731118001945.

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Collier, Robert J., Lance H. Baumgard, Rosemarie B. Zimbelman, and Yao Xiao. "Heat stress: physiology of acclimation and adaptation." Animal Frontiers 9, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/af/vfy031.

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21

Arku, Benedict, Séamus Fanning, and Kieran Jordan. "Heat Adaptation and Survival ofCronobacterspp. (FormerlyEnterobacter sakazakii)." Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8, no. 9 (September 2011): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2010.0819.

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22

Eckhardt, Robert B. "On Early Hominid Adaptation to Heat Stress." Current Anthropology 29, no. 3 (June 1988): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/203664.

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23

Yow, Donald M. "Urban Heat Islands: Observations, Impacts, and Adaptation." Geography Compass 1, no. 6 (October 9, 2007): 1227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00063.x.

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24

Logue, J., P. Tiku, and A. R. Cossins. "Heat injury and resistance adaptation in fish." Journal of Thermal Biology 20, no. 1-2 (February 1995): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(94)00056-o.

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25

Bobb, Jennifer F., Roger D. Peng, Michelle L. Bell, and Francesca Dominici. "Heat-Related Mortality and Adaptation to Heat in the United States." Environmental Health Perspectives 122, no. 8 (August 2014): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307392.

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Rendell, Rebecca A., Jamie Prout, Joseph T. Costello, Heather C. Massey, Michael J. Tipton, John S. Young, and Jo Corbett. "Effects of 10 days of separate heat and hypoxic exposure on heat acclimation and temperate exercise performance." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 313, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): R191—R201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00103.2017.

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Adaptations to heat and hypoxia are typically studied in isolation but are often encountered in combination. Whether the adaptive response to multiple stressors affords the same response as when examined in isolation is unclear. We examined 1) the influence of overnight moderate normobaric hypoxia on the time course and magnitude of adaptation to daily heat exposure and 2) whether heat acclimation (HA) was ergogenic and whether this was influenced by an additional hypoxic stimulus. Eight males [V̇o2max = 58.5 (8.3) ml·kg−1·min−1] undertook two 11-day HA programs (balanced-crossover design), once with overnight normobaric hypoxia (HAHyp): 8 (1) h per night for 10 nights [[Formula: see text] = 0.156; SpO2 = 91 (2)%] and once without (HACon). Days 1, 6, and 11 were exercise-heat stress tests [HST (40°C, 50% relative humidity, RH)]; days 2–5 and 7–10 were isothermal strain [target rectal temperature (Tre) ~38.5°C], exercise-heat sessions. A graded exercise test and 30-min cycle trial were undertaken pre-, post-, and 14 days after HA in temperate normoxia (22°C, 55% RH; FIO2 = 0.209). HA was evident on day 6 (e.g., reduced Tre, mean skin temperature (T̄sk), heart rate, and sweat [Na+], P < 0.05) with additional adaptations on day 11 (further reduced T̄sk and heart rate). HA increased plasma volume [+5.9 (7.3)%] and erythropoietin concentration [+1.8 (2.4) mIU/ml]; total hemoglobin mass was unchanged. Peak power output [+12 (20) W], lactate threshold [+15 (18) W] and work done [+12 (20) kJ] increased following HA. The additional hypoxic stressor did not affect these adaptations. In conclusion, a separate moderate overnight normobaric hypoxic stimulus does not affect the time course or magnitude of HA. Performance may be improved in temperate normoxia following HA, but this is unaffected by an additional hypoxic stressor.

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Donner, Julie, Juliana Mercedes Müller, and Johann Köppel. "Urban Heat: Towards Adapted German Cities?" Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 17, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333215500209.

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Is heat becoming a major threat to cities? Following the heat wave in Europe in 2003, which is estimated to have caused the deaths of 70,000 people, municipal authorities began to develop adaptation and mitigation plans and programs. Legal obligations to consider climate change within various development projects have been defined, e.g. by the latest amendment of the EU EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Directive (2014/52/EU) and the Federal Building Code (BauGB §1a (5)). However, urban heat hazards have not yet received as much attention as, for example, carbon dioxide emissions as drivers of global warming. Dense urban structures, high buildings, dark surfaces, and high population densities trigger urban heat effects. With about 3/4 of Europeans living in cities, measures to reduce heat-related impacts are needed. This paper evaluates how German cities have implemented measures towards climate change adaptation. The results show that 24 out of 30 cities have developed mitigation and/or adaptation plans, with a majority focusing on mitigating CO 2, indicating less awareness of urban heat hazards. Moreover, we found elaborate and comprehensive examples which might serve as blue-prints for adaptation strategies. Based on the inhomogeneous scope of the different plans and programs, there remains a need for guidance and more knowledge exchange among the cities on mitigation/adaptation options and preferably information on their effectiveness, to further assist cities in tackling heat stress.

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Buchholz, Saskia, Meinolf Kossmann, and Marita Roos. "INKAS – a guidance tool to assess the impact of adaptation measures against urban heat." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 25, no. 3 (June 20, 2016): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2016/0731.

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Eckhardt, R. B. "Was plio-pleistocene hominid brain expansion a pleiotropic effect of adaptation for heat stress?" Anthropologischer Anzeiger 45, no. 3 (September 2, 1987): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/45/1987/193.

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30

Koppe, Christina, and Gerd Jendritzky. "Inclusion of short-term adaptation to thermal stresses in a heat load warning procedure." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 14, no. 2 (May 10, 2005): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0030.

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Sejian, Veerasamy, Mullakkalparambil V. Silpa, Mini R. Reshma Nair, Chinnasamy Devaraj, Govindan Krishnan, Madiajagan Bagath, Surinder S. Chauhan, et al. "Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041021.

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This review attempted to collate and synthesize information on goat welfare and production constraints during heat stress exposure. Among the farm animals, goats arguably are considered the best-suited animals to survive in tropical climates. Heat stress was found to negatively influence growth, milk and meat production and compromised the immune response, thereby significantly reducing goats’ welfare under extensive conditions and transportation. Although considered extremely adapted to tropical climates, their production can be compromised to cope with heat stress. Therefore, information on goat adaptation and production performance during heat exposure could help assess their welfare. Such information would be valuable as the farming communities are often struggling in their efforts to assess animal welfare, especially in tropical regions. Broadly three aspects must be considered to ensure appropriate welfare in goats, and these include (i) housing and environment; (ii) breeding and genetics and (iii) handling and transport. Apart from these, there are a few other negative welfare factors in goat rearing, which differ across the production system being followed. Such negative practices are predominant in extensive systems and include nutritional stress, limited supply of good quality water, climatic extremes, parasitic infestation and lameness, culminating in low production, reproduction and high mortality rates. Broadly two types of methodologies are available to assess welfare in goats in these systems: (i) animal-based measures include behavioral measurements, health and production records and disease symptoms; (ii) resources based and management-based measures include stocking density, manpower, housing conditions and health plans. Goat welfare could be assessed based on several indicators covering behavioral, physical, physiological and productive responses. The important indicators of goat welfare include agonistic behavior, vocalization, skin temperature, body condition score (BCS), hair coat conditions, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, sweating, reduced growth, reduced milk production and reduced reproductive efficiency. There are also different approaches available by which the welfare of goats could be assessed, such as naturalistic, functional and subjective approaches. Thus, assessing welfare in goats at every production stage is a prerequisite for ensuring appropriate production in this all-important species to guarantee optimum returns to the marginal and subsistence farmers.

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Saunders, Philo U., Laura A. Garvican-Lewis, Robert F. Chapman, and Julien D. Périard. "Special Environments: Altitude and Heat." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0256.

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High-level athletes are always looking at ways to maximize training adaptations for competition performance, and using altered environmental conditions to achieve this outcome has become increasingly popular by elite athletes. Furthermore, a series of potential nutrition and hydration interventions may also optimize the adaptation to altered environments. Altitude training was first used to prepare for competition at altitude, and it still is today; however, more often now, elite athletes embark on a series of altitude training camps to try to improve sea-level performance. Similarly, the use of heat acclimation/acclimatization to optimize performance in hot/humid environmental conditions is a common practice by high-level athletes and is well supported in the scientific literature. More recently, the use of heat training to improve exercise capacity in temperate environments has been investigated and appears to have positive outcomes. This consensus statement will detail the use of both heat and altitude training interventions to optimize performance capacities in elite athletes in both normal environmental conditions and extreme conditions (hot and/or high), with a focus on the importance of nutritional strategies required in these extreme environmental conditions to maximize adaptations conducive to competitive performance enhancement.

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Park, Chae Yeon, Dong Kun Lee, and Jung Hee Hyun. "The Effects of Extreme Heat Adaptation Strategies under Different Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios in Seoul, Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 3801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143801.

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The impacts of extreme heat in Seoul, Korea, are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude in response to global warming, necessitating certain adaptation strategies. However, there is a lack of knowledge of adaptation strategies that would be able to reduce the impacts of extreme heat to cope with an uncertain future, especially on the local scale. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of adaptation strategies to reduce the mortality risk under two climate change mitigation scenarios, using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5. We selected four street-level adaptation strategies: Green walls, sidewalk greenways, reduced-albedo sidewalks and street trees. As an extreme heat assessment criterion, we used a pedestrian mean radiant temperature threshold, which was strongly related to heat mortality. The results, projected to the 2050s, showed that green walls, greenways and reduced-albedo sidewalks could adequately reduce the extreme heat impacts under RCP2.6; however, only street trees could reduce the extreme heat impacts under RCP8.5 in the 2050s. This implies that required adaptation strategies can vary depending on the targeted scenario. This study was conducted using one street in Seoul, but the methodology can be expanded to include other adaptation strategies, and applied to various locations to help stakeholders decide on effective adaptation options and make local climate change adaptation plans.

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DAS, SAUDAMINI. "TEMPERATURE INCREASE, LABOR SUPPLY AND COST OF ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE ON URBAN WORKERS IN INFORMAL SECTORS." Climate Change Economics 06, no. 02 (May 2015): 1550007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500074.

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Heat wave impact on labor supply is less researched, though workers in exposed occupations have been seriously impacted in recent years, especially in developing economies. The paper identifies labor reallocation and coping strategies of poor urban workers on a heat wave day compared to a normal summer day by surveying informal sector workers who work in the open. The workers are found to forgo 1.19 h of work time and 0.46 h of family time and use these extra 1.65 h to rest more on heat wave days to adapt to heat stress. They resort to other adaptations like eating appropriate food with high water content, keeping their house cool by repeated wiping of floor using cooling ingredients, covering the roof of their living space with paddy straw, putting thick grass curtains, using fans for longer hours etc. These adaptations including the work time loss costs around INR 195 per heat wave day to a household, which is, on average, 2.7% of their monthly income. The paper approximates the private adaptation costs of informal sector workers to heat waves.

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Knappenberger, Paul, Patrick Michaels, and Anthony Watts. "Adaptation to extreme heat in Stockholm County, Sweden." Nature Climate Change 4, no. 5 (April 25, 2014): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2201.

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de Groot-Reichwein, M. A. M., R. J. A. van Lammeren, H. Goosen, A. Koekoek, A. K. Bregt, and P. Vellinga. "Urban heat indicator map for climate adaptation planning." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 23, no. 2 (July 22, 2015): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-015-9669-5.

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Kodesh, Einat, Nir Nesher, and Michal Horowitz. "Cardiac Adaptation to Heat Acclimation and Exercise Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Suppl 1 (November 2006): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200611001-00135.

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KODESH, EINAT, and MICHAL HOROWITZ. "Soleus Adaptation to Combined Exercise and Heat Acclimation." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42, no. 5 (May 2010): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c3ac3f.

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Davies, Charles R., Fumio Fukumura, Kiyotaka Fukamachi, Kazuhiro Muramoto, Stephen C. Himley, Alex Massiello, Ji-Feng Chen, and Hiroaki Harasaki. "Adaptation of Tissue to a Chronic Heat Load." ASAIO Journal 40, no. 3 (July 1994): M514—M517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-199407000-00053.

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Banerjee, Rakesh, and Riddhi Maharaj. "Heat, infant mortality, and adaptation: Evidence from India." Journal of Development Economics 143 (March 2020): 102378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2019.102378.

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Burke, Marshall, and Kyle Emerick. "Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 106–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20130025.

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Understanding the potential impacts of climate change on economic outcomes requires knowing how agents might adapt to a changing climate. We exploit large variation in recent temperature and precipitation trends to identify adaptation to climate change in US agriculture, and use this information to generate new estimates of the potential impact of future climate change on agricultural outcomes. Longer run adaptations appear to have mitigated less than half—and more likely none—of the large negative short-run impacts of extreme heat on productivity. Limited recent adaptation implies substantial losses under future climate change in the absence of countervailing investments. (JEL Q11, Q15, Q51, Q54)

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Kuennen, Matthew, Trevor Gillum, Karol Dokladny, Edward Bedrick, Suzanne Schneider, and Pope Moseley. "Thermotolerance and heat acclimation may share a common mechanism in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 2 (August 2011): R524—R533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00039.2011.

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Thermotolerance and heat acclimation are key adaptation processes that have been hitherto viewed as separate phenomena. Here, we provide evidence that these processes may share a common basis, as both may potentially be governed by the heat shock response. We evaluated the effects of a heat shock response-inhibitor (quercetin; 2,000 mg/day) on established markers of thermotolerance [gastrointestinal barrier permeability, plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations, and leukocyte heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) content]. Heat acclimation reduced body temperatures, heart rate, and physiological strain during exercise/heat stress) in male subjects ( n = 8) completing a 7-day heat acclimation protocol. These same subjects completed an identical protocol under placebo supplementation (placebo). Gastrointestinal barrier permeability and TNF-α were increased on the 1st day of exercise/heat stress in quercetin; no differences in these variables were reported in placebo. Exercise HSP70 responses were increased, and plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) were decreased on the 7th day of heat acclimation in placebo; with concomitant reductions in exercise body temperatures, heart rate, and physiological strain. In contrast, gastrointestinal barrier permeability remained elevated, HSP70 was not increased, and IL-6, IL-10, and exercise body temperatures were not reduced on the 7th day of heat acclimation in quercetin. While exercise heart rate and physiological strain were reduced in quercetin, this occurred later in exercise than with placebo. Consistent with the concept that thermotolerance and heat acclimation are related through the heat shock response, repeated exercise/heat stress increases cytoprotective HSP70 and reduces circulating cytokines, contributing to reductions in cellular and systemic markers of heat strain. Exercising under a heat shock response-inhibitor prevents both cellular and systemic heat adaptations.

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Gibson, Oliver R., Lee Taylor, Peter W. Watt, and Neil S. Maxwell. "Cross-Adaptation: Heat and Cold Adaptation to Improve Physiological and Cellular Responses to Hypoxia." Sports Medicine 47, no. 9 (April 7, 2017): 1751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0717-z.

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Yamada, Paulette M., Fabiano T. Amorim, Pope Moseley, Robert Robergs, and Suzanne M. Schneider. "Effect of heat acclimation on heat shock protein 72 and interleukin-10 in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 4 (October 2007): 1196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00242.2007.

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Heat acclimation (HA) results in whole body adaptations that increase heat tolerance, and in addition, HA may also result in protective cellular adaptations. We hypothesized that, after HA, basal intracellular heat shock protein (HSP) 72 and extracellular IL-10 levels would increase, while extracellular HSP72 levels decrease. Ten male and two female subjects completed a 10-day exercise/HA protocol (100-min exercise bout at 56% of maximum O2 uptake in a 42.5°C DB, 27.9% RH environment); subjects exhibited classic adaptations that accompany HA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated before and after each acclimation session on days 1, 6, and 10; plasma and serum were collected before and after exercise on the 1st and 10th day of HA. SDS-PAGE was used to determine PBMC HSP72 levels during HA, and ELISA was used to measure plasma IL-10 and serum HSP72 concentrations. The increase in PBMC HSP72 from pre- to postexercise on the 1st day of HA was not significant (mean ± SD, 1.0 ± 0 vs. 1.6 ± 0.6 density units). Preexercise HSP72 levels on day 1 were significantly lower compared with the pre- and postexercise samples on days 6 and 10 (mean ± SD, day 6: 2.1 ± 1.0 and 2.2 ± 1.0, day 10: 2.0 ± 1.3 and 2.2 ± 1.0 density units, respectively, P < 0.05). There were no differences in plasma IL-10 and serum HSP72 postexercise or after 10 days of HA. The sustained elevation of HSP72 from days 6 to 10 may be evidence of a cellular adaptation to HA that contributes to improved heat tolerance and reduced heat illness risk.

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Mücke, Hans-Guido, and Jutta Maria Litvinovitch. "Heat Extremes, Public Health Impacts, and Adaptation Policy in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 7862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217862.

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Global warming with increasing weather extremes, like heat events, is enhancing impacts to public health. This essay focuses on unusual extreme summer heat extremes occurring in Germany at higher frequency, longer duration, and with new temperature records. Large areas of the country are affected, particularly urban settlements, where about 77% of the population lives, which are exposed to multiple inner-city threats, such as urban heat islands. Because harm to public health is directly released by high ambient air temperatures, local and national studies on heat-related morbidity and mortality indicate that vulnerable groups such as the elderly population are predominantly threatened with heat-related health problems. After the severe mortality impacts of the extreme summer heat 2003 in Europe, in 2008, Germany took up the National Adaptation Strategy on Climate Change to tackle and manage the impacts of weather extremes, for example to protect people’s health against heat. Public health systems and services need to be better prepared to improve resilience to the effects of extreme heat events, e.g., by implementing heat health action plans. Both climate protection as well as adaptation are necessary in order to be able to respond as adequate as possible to the challenges posed by climate change.

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Lenzer, Benedikt, Christina Hoffmann, Peter Hoffmann, Ursula Müller-Werdan, Manuel Rupprecht, Christian Witt, Cornelius Herzig, and Uta Liebers. "A Qualitative Study on Concerns, Needs, and Expectations of Hospital Patients Related to Climate Change: Arguments for a Patient-Centered Adaptation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116105.

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This study explores the concerns, needs, and expectations of inpatients with the goal to develop a patient-centered climate change adaptation agenda for hospitals. Statements of patients from geriatrics, internal medicine, psychiatry, and surgery (N = 25) of a German tertiary care hospital were analyzed using semi-structured interviews and the framework method. Areas of future adaptation were elaborated in joint discussions with transdisciplinary experts. Concerns included the foresight of severe health problems. The requested adaptations comprised the change to a patient-centered care, infrastructural improvements including air conditioning, and adjustments of the workflows. Guidelines for the behavior of patients and medical services appropriate for the climatic conditions were demanded. The patient-centered agenda for adaptation includes the steps of partnering with patients, reinforcing heat mitigation, better education for patients and medical staff, and adjusting work processes. This is the first study demonstrating that hospital patients are gravely concerned and expect adjustments according to climate change. Since heat is seen as a major risk by interviewees, the fast implementation of published recommendations is crucial. By synthesizing inpatients’ expectations with scientific recommendations, we encourage patient-centered climate change adaptation. This can be the start for further collaboration with patients to create climate change resilient hospitals.

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Corradini, Maria G., and Micha Peleg. "Dynamic Model of Heat Inactivation Kinetics for Bacterial Adaptation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 8 (February 6, 2009): 2590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02167-08.

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ABSTRACT The Weibullian-log logistic (WeLL) inactivation model was modified to account for heat adaptation by introducing a logistic adaptation factor, which rendered its “rate parameter” a function of both temperature and heating rate. The resulting model is consistent with the observation that adaptation is primarily noticeable in slow heat processes in which the cells are exposed to sublethal temperatures for a sufficiently long time. Dynamic survival patterns generated with the proposed model were in general agreement with those of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes as reported in the literature. Although the modified model's rate equation has a cumbersome appearance, especially for thermal processes having a variable heating rate, it can be solved numerically with commercial mathematical software. The dynamic model has five survival/adaptation parameters whose determination will require a large experimental database. However, with assumed or estimated parameter values, the model can simulate survival patterns of adapting pathogens in cooked foods that can be used in risk assessment and the establishment of safe preparation conditions.

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Kodesh, Einat, Assi Saamn, Ronen Beeri, Dan Gilon, and Michal Horowitz. "Heat And Run, Genomic And Morphological Aspects Of Adaptation In The Rat‘s Heart." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355589.86813.e9.

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Monastyrskaya, E. A., L. M. Belkina, E. B. Manukhina, and I. Yu Malyshev. "Antiarrhythmic effect of heat adaptation in ischemic and reperfusion injury to the heart." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 143, no. 1 (January 2007): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-007-0003-4.

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Berihulay, Haile, Adam Abied, Xiaohong He, Lin Jiang, and Yuehui Ma. "Adaptation Mechanisms of Small Ruminants to Environmental Heat Stress." Animals 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9030075.

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Small ruminants are the critical source of livelihood for rural people to the development of sustainable and environmentally sound production systems. They provided a source of meat, milk, skin, and fiber. The several contributions of small ruminants to the economy of millions of rural people are however being challenged by extreme heat stress difficulties. Heat stress is one of the most detrimental factors contributing to reduced growth, production, reproduction performance, milk quantity and quality, as well as natural immunity, making animals more vulnerable to diseases and even death. However, small ruminants have successfully adapted to this extreme environment and possess some unique adaptive traits due to behavioral, morphological, physiological, and largely genetic bases. This review paper, therefore, aims to provide an integrative explanation of small ruminant adaptation to heat stress and address some responsible candidate genes in adapting to thermal-stressed environments.

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