Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heartwood'
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Bergström, Berit. "Aspects on heartwood formation in Scots pine /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5863-3.pdf.
Full textMcGinley, Susan. "Broken Branches: Brown Heartwood Rot of Citrus." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622308.
Full textBoakye-Yiadom, Kaleem. "Selected anatomical, extractive and physical wood properties of Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Harm) : a tropical timber species /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036806.
Full textKennedy, Michael James. "Natural and enhanced wood durability from pine heartwood phenolics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107122/1/z%20T%28S%29%20108%20Natural%20and%20enhanced%20wood%20durability%20fro%20pine%20heartwood%20phenolics.pdf.
Full textGustafsson, Gabriella. "Heartwood and lightwood formation in Scots pine : a physiological approach /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6077-8.pdf.
Full textBeauchamp, Kate. "Biology of heartwood formation in Sitka spruce and Scots pine." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5788.
Full textZhang, Chunhua. "Three-dimensional cell arrangement and heartwood substances movement in hardwoods." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145415.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11070号
農博第1435号
新制||農||896(附属図書館)
学位論文||H16||N3951(農学部図書室)
22602
UT51-2004-J742
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 藤田 稔, 教授 伊東 隆夫, 教授 野渕 正
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Kemp, Joshua M. "Heartwood: Spiritual homebuilding and white-vanishing in Australian gothic fiction." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2549.
Full textJeremic, Dragica. "Comparative analysis of wetwood, heartwood and sapwood properties in balsam fir." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ46260.pdf.
Full textLourenço, Ana Carina dos Santos. "The influence of heartwood on kraft delignification of Eucalyptus globulus wood." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5199.
Full textSousa, Vicelina Milena Piteira Rebelo Barnabé. "Variabilidade anatómica e da densidade da madeira de Quercus faginea em diferentes idades e condições ambientais." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6969.
Full textThe importance and valorization of the species that occur naturally in Portugal motivated the present study to evaluate the properties, variability and the technological potential of the wood of Quercus faginea Lam., commonly referred as Portuguese or Lusitanian oak. Growth rings, heartwood development, anatomical characteristics of wood and bark and wood density were studied at different ages and sites. The wood showed growth ring porosity, high fibre and rays proportion and high wood density. The heartwood proportion was relatively high and increased from the base to the top following the trunk profile. Sapwood thickness was approximately constant. The fibre and multiseriate rays showed an increasing tendency towards the bark as well as the mean earlywood vessels area. The ring width and wood density decreased from pith to bark. The variation sources included age, trees and environmental conditions. Site was responsible for the main variations followed by tree and cambial age. The correlations between the studied variables showed that growth and wood quality might be estimated namely with ring width. The wood characterization and relative stem homogeneity allow exploitation of this species and reinforce its role in forest diversity.
Matheron, Michael E., and Martin Porchas. "Studies of the Biology and Control of Brown Heartwood Rot on Lemon Trees in 2000." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226093.
Full textBajraktari, Agron. "Wood quality of Quercus cerris from Kosovo." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15830.
Full textKosovo’s forest products industry is a very important part of Kosovo’s economy and within the present work data was collected through a survey of all sawmills in Kosovo and information gathering from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development of Kosovo. The forest resources and sawmill structure of Kosovo were analyzed and the availability of different species of wood in different regions of the country established. In parallel, the study of one home grown wood species, Quercus cerris, was conducted in order to improve its use in sawmilling to produce value added wood components. For this purpose, ten Quercus cerris trees, grown in two sites in Kosovo, were felled and discs taken at different stem height levels. Relevant data for this species was obtained on stem quality, including heartwood, sapwood and bark development as well as ring analysis. Chemical and durability characterization was also conducted together with the evaluation of density and Brinell hardness. Quercus cerris from Kosovo showed good potential as a timber species for the supply of stem wood to the saw-milling industry allowing good yields of heartwood-only sawn wood components. Taking into account the good technological properties measured together with the apparent low level of extracts and the low durability class against subterranean termites, interior or protected uses are highly recommended. The bark should also be considered for complementary valorization. Furthermore, based on the worked developed, a curricular programme combining scientific and technological knowledge for industrial management, communication knowledge and creative work was developed in close cooperation with wood processing enterprises in Kosovo, and with the Kosovo Wood Processing Association. Recommendations were also provided for further development of the forest and sawmill industry
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IMAI, Takanori, 貴規 今井, Eriko ITO, 恵理子 伊藤, Kazuhiko FUKUSHIMA, and 和彦 福島. "Biochemical studies of matured xylem of Cryptomeria japonica - Attempts to detect the enzymes involved in the biosyntheses of the heartwood extractives -." 名古屋大学農学部附属演習林, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8529.
Full textLehnebach, Romain. "Etude de la variabilité ontogénique du profil ligneux chez quelques espèces forestières tropicales de Guyane Française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS021/document.
Full textWood is a multifunctional tissue involved in sap conduction, storage of water and reserves as well as mechanical support. Tree during its development experiments various constraints due to its environment and its growing size. In response to these constraints, wood functional performances are adjusted by variations of property values, which are dependent on the xylogenesis product. However, wood properties may be modified by the deposition of chemical extractives during heartwood formation. Thus heartwood properties are the result of xylogenesis, heartwood formation and their interactions. This work gave rise to the term 'wood profile', designating all variations of wood properties at different scales and in an ontogenetic dimension, resulting from both processes described above. The diversity of shade tolerance (heliophilic to sciaphilic) strategies species suggests a diversity of wood profile expressions. The description of these different expressions could be a way to better understand plant strategies. Understanding and characterizing wood profile and variations in heartwood quantity in tree, is an economical issue since the Guyanese timber industry has been identified as a promising sector. The analysis of the diversity of wood profile—using a bottom-up approach, from the individual level to the interspecific level—proves to discriminate shade tolerance strategies efficiently. Wood specific gravity variation is especially relevant. However, its relevance is based on (1) combinations of both radial and vertical variations and (2) integration of heartwood that may impact range and direction of the gradient and shape of the profile as well. Effect of heartwood formation on wood specific gravity variations is suggestive of shade tolerance strategy as well as quality and/or quantity of chemical extractives. Relevant characterization of shade tolerance strategies by wood profile is the result of the integration of diverse processes and properties. To the view of growth allocation shift (from trunk to crown) observed in Dicorynia guianensis and of previous studies on tree growth, a potential link between wood profile diversity and growth allocation strategies may exist
Pähn, Tess. "A Manifesto for Wood & the Search for Bois-brut." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222139.
Full textADU-BREDU, Stephen, Akio HAGIHARA, and 秋男 萩原. "Sapwood Amount and its Predictive Equations for Young Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) Trees." 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8712.
Full textNiamké, Florence Bobolé. "Recherche des déterminants biochimiques de la durabilité naturelle du bois de teck (Tectona grandis)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20046.
Full textTeak (Tectona grandis) wood natural durability is a property which can vary with genotype and environmental factors. The implication of quinonic extractives in the property of natural durability is controversial. Using a quantitative approach including biological and technological conducted on air-dried wood samples, this thesis aimed to search chemical attributes of natural durability. We first demonstrated that osidic forms stored in the sapwood were transformed into quinone derivative. We have characterized two compounds the forsythoside B, a trisaccharide of cafeic acid in the sapwood and in the heartwood, the 4',5'-dihydroxy(epi)isocatalponol that were identified for the first time in teakwood. The latter compound exhibited strong fungicidal activity against Trametes versicolor indicating that its direct implication in decay resistance of teak wood. We have shown that compounds from naphthoquinones metabolism were involved in decay resistance of teak wood against Trametes versicolor and Poria placenta. The mechanisms of sugars transformation may indicate the natural durability level of sustainable species. There these new data will contribute to improve the wood quality that ensures the perennity of trees
Mehats, Jérémy. "Différence de couleur entre duramen et aubier du bois de Pin maritime : identification moléculaire, homogénéisation et évolution." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0154.
Full textMaritime pine is one of the most common softwood found in South West of France, covering more than 10% of the total forestry area of the country. With the development of the petroleum-based chemistry, maritime pine has been mostly used for its wood that possesses some good mechanical properties, for the elaboration of materials for packaging purposes (ex: wood pallet) or engineered wood products for structural applications. Nevertheless, due to consumers’ feedbacks and to requirements specifications, the industries identified a major issue: the color difference between heartwood and sapwood.Heartwood is known to have a brown reddish color contrary to sapwood, which have a pale yellow tint. This coloration difference results in a depreciation of the commercial value of the finished material. Thus, industrials are looking for treatments to homogenize the color and to valorize all their productsThe purpose of this PhD is firstly to identify the chromophores that are responsible of this color differences between the two wood structures and then to develop an homogenisation treatment based on the paper industry processes, particularly using alkaline hydrogen peroxide chemistry
Jones, Christopher G. "The best of Santalum album : essential oil composition, biosynthesis and genetic diversity in the Australian tropical sandalwood collection." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0146.
Full textCardoso, Danielle de Souza. "Caracterização anatômica da madeira e potencial dendrocronológico de Schinopsis brasiliensis Eng. (Anacardiaceae) na caatinga sergipana." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4423.
Full textThe Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (braúna) is a long-lived species with wide distribution in phytogeographical areas of caatinga and cerrado. Due to uncontrolled exploitation of its timber and the environmental devastation of the caatinga is currently a threatened species. However, these trees have higher dimensions than other species of this environment and, therefore, have higher ecological importance. The biological and ecological characteristics of this species highlights the need of studies about theirs structures and reaction to environmental and climatic changes, among these wood anatomy and dendrochronology. The present study collected specimens of S. brasilienis from São Pedro Farm, in the municipality of Porto da Folha/SE. Living wood and construction wood samples were collected in June and July, 2013, through a non-destructive method, afterwards the samples were kept in the UFS Plant Anatomy and Dendroecology Laboratory, for sample preparations and data analisys. The heartwood and sapwood were significantly different in structure (p<0.05 for all analysis), which revealed that the structure of the heartwood is more resistant to environmental weathering, justifying its use for rural constructions in areas of caatinga. It has growth rings limited by marginal parenchyma band and/or thickness of the fiber walls; small vessels, and tyloses when in the heartwood; rays with procumbent and square cells that store many calcium oxalate crystals; and short and thick fibers. The cross-dating of growth rings series showed correlation of 0.52 between their live individuals and 0.49 among the construction wood. The chronology showed positive correlations with rainfall in the beginning and ending of the rainy season, and fall in the increase rate in the warmer and drier periods of the year, coinciding with the leaf fall and consequent disruption of metabolic activity in new xylem cells´ generation. The analysis of the rings in construction woods allowed new chronology expansion in Brazil, for the previous 20 years to the formation of the first growth ring of the older sample of S. brasiliensis.
A Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (braúna) é uma espécie longeva com ampla distribuição nos domínios fitogeográficos da caatinga e cerrado. Por conta da exploração sem controle de sua madeira e da devastação ambiental que assola a caatinga, encontra-se atualmente ameaçada de extinção. Porém, é uma espécie que se destaca por possuir indivíduos com dimensões superiores às geralmente encontradas em outras espécies deste ambiente, e por isso foi classificada como de alta importância ecológica. Suas características biológicas e ecológicas enfatizam a necessidade de estudos sobre suas estruturas e reações às mudanças ambientais e climáticas, dentre estes os de anatomia da madeira e dendrocronologia. O estudo foi realizado com indivíduos de S. brasiliensis provenientes da Fazenda São Pedro, município de Porto da Folha/SE. Amostras de árvores e de madeiras de construção foram coletadas nos meses de junho e julho de 2013, através de método não destrutivo, e posteriormente foram armazenadas no Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Dendroecologia da UFS, para preparo e análise dos dados. A madeira de S. brasiliensis apresentou cerne e alburno significativamente distintos estruturalmente (p<0,05), houve destaque para as características estruturais que tornam o cerne a região mais resistente e duradoura, justificando seu uso em construções rurais em áreas de caatinga. Apresentou anéis de crescimento delimitados por banda de parênquima marginal e/ou espessamento das paredes das fibras; vasos pequenos, com tiloses quando no cerne; raios formados por células procumbentes e quadradas que armazenam muitos cristais de oxalato de cálcio; e fibras curtas e grossas. A espécie foi passível de datação cruzada com 0,52 de correlação entre seus indivíduos vivos e 0,49 entre as árvores e madeiras de construção. Apresentou correlações positivas com a precipitação no início e final do período chuvoso e queda na taxa de incremento nos períodos mais quentes e secos do ano, coincidindo com a queda foliar e consequente interrupção das atividades metabólicas de formação de novas células xilemáticas. A análise dos anéis das madeiras de construção permitiu a inédita expansão de uma cronologia no Brasil, com a inclusão de 20 anos de medidas anteriores à formação do primeiro anel de crescimento da árvore mais velha amostrada na área de estudo.
Coldebella, Rodrigo. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS E ANATÔMICAS DA MADEIRA DE Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. DON EX STEUD." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8782.
Full textThe imminence of Panambi s dam construction, in the municipality of Alecrim, Rio Grande do Sul, affecting the municipality of Porto Mauá, which will overflow thousands of hectares of rainforest, Macluratinctoria s habitat and, the great exploitation of the specie in the region led to the initiation of this research work. The specie is commonly known as Tajuva, presents arboreal sized, and belongs to the botanical family Moraceae, native of Rio Grande do Sul. It is a semideciduous specie, with heights between 10 to 30 meters and, up to 100 cm of diameter; short trunk, with a smooth bark, grayish green with many yellowed lenticels, many times, with the presence of branched thorns. The study aimed to the realization of anatomical description, the chemical characterization and the basic and weighted densities of Maclura tinctoria(L) D. Don Ex Steud wood. The five studied exemplars were obtained through environmental license, in accordance with current legislation. Three wood samples, taken from BHD were used for the manufacture of histological slides and for the fibers quantification. To the determination of wood density and the chemical analysis of wood, disks were removed from the trunk and divided into opposing wedges. It were used opposing wedges removed from six pre-established heights (base, DAP, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of commercial height). It was used the ASTM standards to determinate the density, and from TAPPI to the chemical analysis of wood. The wood was anatomically described and illustrated with photomicrographs. The woody tissue consist mainly of fibers (60 ± 3,4%) and rays (20 ± 2,3%), totaling approximately 80%. The remaining, in other words, 20% are divided into vessels (12 ± 4%) and axial parenchyma (8 ± 3%). The mean values, to the basic density (pb) and weighted density (ppond), were 0,539 and 0,555 g/cm³, respectively. The macromolecular constituents of heartwood and sapwood were determinate separately. The average content found for extractives (18,92; 6,32%); Klason lignin (17,58; 17,55%); holocellulose (63,45; 78,59%); alpha-cellulose ( 35,44; 44,38%); hemicelluloses (28,01; 34,21%) and ashes (1,08; 1,35%), to the heartwood and sapwood, respectively, totaling 102,42 ± 3,1%. The Tajuva s wood brings together the anatomical characteristics prevalent in Moraceae, framing the specie in their respective botanical family. It is considered an evolved specie anatomically. The density presents a decrease in the values in relation to the axial position of the plant. The heartwood is constituted of phenolic compounds and acids in a higher proportion relative to the sapwood, which presents higher starch contents. Studies about the natural durability and the wood quality are fundamental to indicate the best application of wood.
A eminência da construção da barragem Panambi, no município de Alecrim, Rio Grande do Sul, afetando o município de Porto Mauá, a qual alagará milhares de hectares de mata atlântica, habitat da Maclura tinctoria e, a grande exploração da espécie na região motivaram o início desse trabalho de pesquisa. Popularmente, a espécie é conhecida como Tajuva, apresenta porte arbóreo, e pertence à família botânica Moraceae, nativa do Rio Grande do Sul. É uma espécie semicaducifólia, com altura entre 10 a 30 metros e, com até 100 cm de diâmetro; fuste curto, com casca lisa, verde acinzentada com numerosas lenticelas amareladas, muitas vezes, com presença de espinhos ramificados. O estudo teve como objetivo a descrição anatômica, a caracterização química e a determinação das densidades básica e ponderada da madeira de Maclura tinctoria (L) D. Don ex Steud. As cinco árvores estudadas foram obtidas através de licenciamento ambiental, de acordo com a legislação vigente. Três amostras do lenho, retiradas do DAP foram utilizadas para a confecção de lâminas histológicas e para a quantificação das fibras. Para a determinação da densidade da madeira e para as análises químicas da madeira, foram retirados discos do tronco e divididos em cunhas. Foram utilizadas cunhas opostas retiradas de seis alturas pré-estabelecidas (base, DAP, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura comercial). Utilizou-se as normas da ASTM para determinação da densidade, e da TAPPI para as análises químicas da madeira. O lenho foi anatomicamente descrito e ilustrado com fotomicrografias. O tecido lenhoso é constituído principalmente por fibras (60 ± 3,4%) e raios (20 ± 2,3%), totalizando aproximadamente 80%. O restante, ou seja, 20 % estão divididos entre vasos (12 ± 4%) e parênquima axial (8 ± 3%). Os valores médios, para a densidade básica média (ρb) e ponderada (ρpond), foram de 0,539 e 0,555 g/cm³, respectivamente. Os constituintes macromoleculares da madeira de cerne e alburno foram determinados separadamente. Os teores médios encontrados para extrativos totais (18,92; 6,32%); lignina Klason (17,58; 17,55%); holocelulose (63,45; 78,59%); alfa celulose (35,44; 44,38%); hemiceluloses (28,01; 34,21%) e cinzas (1,08; 1,35%), para cerne e alburno, respectivamente, totalizando 102,42 ± 3,1%. O lenho da Tajuva reúne as características anatômicas predominantes em Moraceae, enquadrando a espécie em sua respectiva família botânica. É considerada uma espécie evoluída anatomicamente. A densidade apresenta decréscimo de valores em relação à posição axial da planta. O cerne é constituído por compostos fenólicos e ácidos em maior proporção em relação ao alburno, que apresenta maiores teores de amido. Estudos sobre a durabilidade natural e a qualidade da madeira são fundamentais para indicar a melhor aplicação da madeira.
Wang, Dongmei, Dwight Bowman, Heidi Brown, Laura Harrington, Phillip Kaufman, Tanja McKay, Charles Nelson, Julia Sharp, and Robert Lund. "Factors influencing U.S. canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) prevalence." BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610230.
Full textBate, Kathleen J. "Studies on the extraction, fractionation and degradation of ellagitannins from oak heartwoods." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/653.
Full textFenoff, Roy S. "A survey of Wyoming mosquitoes for vectors of dog heartworm." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317326331&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textLitster, Annette Lorna. "The pathogenesis of the acute death syndrome in feline heartworm disease /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17805.pdf.
Full textBrown, Heidi, Laura Harrington, Phillip Kaufman, Tanja McKay, Dwight Bowman, C. Nelson, Dongmei Wang, and Robert Lund. "Key factors influencing canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in the United States." BioMed Central, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610229.
Full textLegoas, Roger Chambi. "Efeito do potássio e do sódio no crescimento e nas propriedades do lenho de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis sob duas condições de regime hídrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-08032016-134053/.
Full textIn the context of climate change, survival and productivity of eucalyptus plantations may be affected. Thus, research is needed on nutrition and forest ecophysiology, such as the evaluation of K and Na and their interaction with water availability on the growth and wood properties of eucalyptus. In a split-plot type, experiment installed on June 20, 2010 we evaluated Eucalyptus grandis trees submitted to two water regimes (100% and 63%) and three fertilizer supplies (K, Na and control). The stem diameter was measured every 15 days with dendrometers and total height, every 6 months in the period from 40th to 61st month. Soil moisture was analyzed weekly and precipitation and temperature daily. The wood properties of 48 trees were analyzed after 47 months, by destructive sampling, evaluating their apparent density, specific gravity, anatomical structure and heartwood/sapwood proportion. The results showed that precipitation significantly influenced the growth of the trees, followed by the minimum temperature and soil moisture. K and Na showed interaction with precipitation, (i) in the dry season, by reducing the growth of the tree trunks with Na and its stoppage with K, (ii) during the rainy season, with increasing growth in diameter and height of the trunk, compared with the control. The Na, as compared to K, resulted in lower growth of the eucalyptus trees. With the artificial exclusion of 37% of throughfall there was a negative effect on the growth of trees fertilized with K; but in the control and Na treatment the rainfall exclusion showed no significant effect until 58º month. In relation to (i) density of the wood of trees, there was a decrease in K and Na (lower with Na), and an increase with lower water availability; although the K did not reduce the density under higher water availability; (ii) wood anatomy- larger vessels with lower frequency were formed with K and Na supply (with higher K); the fibers showed significant variations with Na (longer and wider fibers with smaller wall thickness); and the lower water availability from the of 37% rainfall exclusion did not affect vessels and fibers; (iii) Heartwood/sapwood ratio; K and Na promoted the formation of larger proportion of heartwood in relation to the trees from the control treatment, and there was no significant influence of the partial rainfall exclusion. Relationships between anatomy and wood density showed that changes in fiber dimensions were accompanied by changes in the wood density; and the higher growth rate is not always associated with decreased wood density. The results indicate that the loss of desirable characteristics in density, fiber and proportion of sapwood, with the addition of K or Na (mainly Na) in the basic fertilization are highly compensated by the increased wood production, though in more arid regions with increased risk of prolonged drought, potassium and sodium can aggravate water deficit.
Grim, Devin Christine. "La Crosse virus and Dirofilaria immitis: Abundance of Potential Vectors in Southwestern Virginia and the Effects of Dual Infection on Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus triseriatus." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46195.
Full textMaster of Science in Life Sciences
Sacks, Benjamin Nicholas. "The distribution and abundance of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in California coyotes (Canis latrans) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textAlmeida, Carla de. "Prevalência de dirofilariose felina na região do Sado." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2517.
Full textA Dirofilariose é uma doença parasitária transmitida por um vector e causada pelo nemátode da espécie Dirofilaria immitis. O cão é o hospedeiro definitivo do parasita, no entanto, tem sido relatado a ocorrência desta parasitose em outros animais, nomeadamente no gato doméstico. Apesar de se tratar de uma doença emergente, bem conhecida da população Médico- Veterinária e proprietários quando ocorre em cães, é frequentemente subdiagnosticada na população felina. Para tal contribui a limitação dos testes de diagnóstico existentes e o facto de a doença apresentar na espécie felina sinais clínicos inespecíficos, muitas vezes transitórios ou até mesmo verificar-se a ocorrência de morte do animal sem confirmação da infecção. Também é frequente os animais apresentarem-se amicrofilarémicos e as alterações laboratoriais e radiográficas serem transitórias ou mesmo ausentes. Estudos epidemiológicos já realizados noutros países confirmaram que em qualquer área onde existam cães infectados com o parasita, a doença pode ocorrer em gatos embora com uma menor taxa de incidência. No presente trabalho foi realizado um rastreio de dirofilariose felina numa zona endémica para a dirofilariose canina, nomeadamente na região do Sado. Este foi um estudo pioneiro em Portugal, tendo sido usado pela primeira vez o teste de detecção de antigénio D.immitis “SNAP® Feline Triple®”, que apresenta elevada sensibilidade e especificidade. A amostra foi constituída por 86 gatos com mais de 6 meses de idade. A prevalência de dirofilariose felina obtida neste estudo foi de 1,2% (1/86) e veio documentar pela primeira vez a existência da infecção felina na região do Sado. Este estudo enfatiza a necessidade de sensibilizar os colegas veterinários e proprietários para esta doença e sua prevenção.
ABSTRACT - PREVALENCE OF FELINE HEARTWORM IN THE SADO REGION - Heartworm is a parasitic disease transmitted by a vector and caused by a nematode of the Dirofilaria immitis species. The dog is the definitive host of the parasite, although it has been reported the occurancy of this parasitosis in other animals, namely the domestic cat. Although it’s an emerging disease, well known by the Veterinarian population and dog owners, it’s frequently under diagnosed in the feline population. The limitations of the existing diagnostic tests and the fact that this parasitic disease presents with unspecific signs in the feline specie, ranging from transient symptoms to sudden death, concur to the lack of knowledge about the feline infection. The amicrofilaremic state and the transient or absent laboratory and radiology changes are common. Epidemiological studies conducted in some countries have confirmed that in any area where dogs are infected with the parasite, the disease may occur in cats but in a smaller incidence rate. The present study performed a screening on the feline heartworm in an endemic area of canine heartworm, the Sado region. This was a pioneer study in Portugal because it used the high sensitivity and specificity “SNAP® Feline Triple®” D. immitis screening test, having as a sample population 86 cats over 6 months of age. The prevalence of feline heartworm obtained in this study was 1,2% (1/86) documenting for the first time the existence of feline infection in the Sado region. This study raises the need for awareness among fellow veterinarians and owners towards this disease and its prevention.
Dian, Rebekah Lynn. "Vector Competence of Northern California Mosquitoes for Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae)." Scholarly Commons, 2018. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3543.
Full textBARBOSA, Marco Antônio Granja. "Avaliação clínica, hematológica e bioquímica sérica de cães inoculados experimentalmente, por via intravenosa com extrato bruto de Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2004. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5777.
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Studies were performed in two groups of mixed-breed male dogs containing six (Experimental Group) and two (Control Group) animals which were administered IV a crude, whole-body extract of female heartworms or saline solution respectively. The frequency of clinical signs and shock-like reaction as well as changes in clinical parameters such as electrocardiographic record, RBC and WBC counts, serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, creatine phosphokinase and also urea were monitored. The results had been analyzed by the test of Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney for Clinical hematological, clinical chemistry and by the test of Fischer to electrocardiographic values respectively. Shock with clinical signs such as the pale color of the visible mucous membranes, respiratory disorders, developed in all crude, whole-body extract inoculated dogs. It was observed a significative difference not only between the lynfocytes count and CPK values but also with RBC and eosinophil count absolute. These results indicated that some products present on whole-body extract of female heartworms might be responsible for the onset of shock in dogs.
Foram realizados estudos em dois grupos de caninos,machos, sem raça definida, sendo um grupo experimental composto de seis animais e dois animais no grupo controle, os quais foram inoculados com extrato bruto de fêmeas de Dirofilaria immitis e solução salina respectivamente, com objetivo de avaliar as alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímico séricas. A freqüência dos sinais clínicos apresentados durante o choque foram monitoradas, assim como as modificações nos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos, hematológicos, bioquímico séricos no período compreendido entre cinco minutos a 24 horas após o inicio do experimento. Os resultados foram analisados através dos testes de Wilcoxon e Mann-Witney para as alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas, e o teste de Fischer para os valores do eletrocardiograma. Sinais clínicos compatíveis com choque como palidez das membranas mucosas visíveis e distúrbios respiratórios, foram observados em todos os animais inoculados com extrato bruto de Dirofilaria immitis. Diferença significativa foi observada não apenas entre a contagem de linfócitos e os valores de CK, mas também na contagem total de hemácias e na contagem absoluta de eosinófilos.Os resultados indicam que substâncias presentes nos nematóides fêmeas foram responsáveis pelo aparecimento de choque.
Cohen, Sharon. "Sarconema eurycerca (Wehr) : the heartworm of swans and the role of Trinoton anserinum (F) as an intermediate host." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6728.
Full textFreitas, Sónia Melissa Fernandes de. "Abordagem à dirofilariose cardiopulmonar canina na região da Madeira." Bachelor's thesis, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/36570.
Full textThis report refers to the final internship of the veterinary nurse course, which took place at the Veterinary Hospital, Hospital Veterinário da Madeira, with a full duration of 7 weeks due to the contingencies caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). The goal was to consolidate the knowledge acquired in the 3 years of the course and put it into practice, especially in the area of parasitology where heartworm is insered, which is an endemic disease in the region. During the internship period, the student had the opportunity to work in several areas, highlighting the hospital ward, where she spent most of the time, as well as the laboratory where the diagnostic techniques were performed. For a possible diagnosis of the presence Canine Cardiopulmonary Heartworm Disease (CHD), the student collected blood samples from 27 dogs at random and analyzed them using the fresh drop and blood smear method, obtaining 8 positive results. Of these 8 animals, 7 had never been to a veterinary consultation, all lived outside or in mixed environments, without any tyoe of preventive protocol for CHD and were not dewormed or vaccinated. In order to assess the knowledge of tutors in relation to the disease, to identify the county where the greatest number of positive cases are found, how many treat positive animals and if those who had positive animals started to do prevention in their new animals, the studente created questionnaires for the population of the Autonomous Region of Madeira. It was available online for 2 months, on the student’s social platforms and obtained a total sample of 319 responses, with greater focus on the city of Funchal. In parallel, a questionnaire was sent by email to clinics/hospitals in the region in order to estimate the number of positive annual cases, the type of technique used in screening and what time of year there are more cases, obtaining a total sample of 3 out of a total of 21.
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COSTA, Lorena Adão Vescovi Séllos. "Avaliação e caracterização das alterações do trato respiratório caudal de cães com infecção natural por Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) por meio de tomografia computadorizada." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4737.
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The main clinical signs of heartworm disease in dogs are characterized by respiratory manifestations which are associated to signs such as dry cough, exercise intolerance, tachypnea, hemoptysis and dyspnea. Although, the radiographic examination of thorax has been used to identify changes in the pulmonary patterns, the Computed Tomography (CT) has been currently considered the method of choice for evaluation of pulmonary parenchyma and lower airways. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess pulmonary changes in dogs naturally infected by Dirofilaria immitis by using CT. Domiciled dogs (n = 12) living in the Metropolitan Region of Recife were used in this study. All animals positive for D. immitis were physically examined, and analyzed through the microscopic examination of blood samples, serological analysis (D. immitis and Leishmania infantum), electrocardiography and CT. The quantitative assessment of pulmonary radiodensity presented mean value of -628.58 ± 56.60 HU, which was significantly higher than the normal parameter of lung parenchyma of dogs. Moreover, the results revealed the presence of interstitial infiltrate, increase of tortuosity of caudal arteries, increase of bronchial arteries and gap filling of pulmonary artery were present in different degrees, including in the animals that present occult heartworm. Afterwards, a female Dachshund with eight-year-old was treated with Ivermectin and Doxycycline, being monitored twice by CT. The CT examination performed before the treatment showed the presence of D. immitis adults in the pulmonary artery, vascular tortuosity and parenchymal inflammation. After therapy, it was observed an improvement in the clinical status of the animal, which scored negative at serological examination. In addition, it was observed the remission of pulmonary changes and absence of D. immitis adults in blood vessels and heart chambers. In conclusion, the CT may be considered an important tool to detect changes in pulmonary parenchyma of dogs naturally infected by D. immitis, in addition, it allows the diagnosis of occult heartworm.
As principais manifestações clínicas da dirofilariose em cães são respiratórias e causam prejuízo à função pulmonar, que se encontra associada a sinais clínicos de tosse seca, intolerância ao exercício, taquipneia, hemoptise e dispneia. Apesar do estudo radiográfico de tórax permitir a identificação da alteração de padrões pulmonares da doença, a tomografia computadorizada (TC) tem sido considerada o exame de eleição para avaliação do parênquima pulmonar e vias aéreas inferiores. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar por meio da TC as alterações pulmonares de cães infectados naturalmente por Dirofilaria immitis. Para tanto, inicialmente foram selecionados 12 cães com diagnósticos positivos para dirofilariose, domiciliados na região metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, os quais foram submetidos ao exame clínico, pesquisa de microfilaria circulante, exame sorológico, pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti- Leishmania infantum, eletrocardiográfico e TC pulmonar apresentou valores médios de -628,58 ± 56,60 HU, apresentando-se significativamente maior quando comparado com os valores do parênquima pulmonar para cães hígidos. Os resultados revelaram que a presença de infiltrado intersticial periarterial, aumento e tortuosidade das artérias pulmonares caudais, aumento da relação arteriobronquial e falhas de contraste iodado nas artérias pulmonares foram presentes em graus variáveis, inclusive nos cães com dirofilariose oculta. Posteriormente, um desses animais, uma cadela de oito anos de idade, da raça Dachshund foi submetida ao tratamento com ivermectina e doxiciclina, sendo monitorada em dois momentos pela TC. Dentre os achados no exame tomográfico pré-tratamento, destacam-se sinais tromboembolismo vascular sugerindo a presença de D. immitis em artéria pulmonar, tortuosidade vascular e processo inflamatório parenquimatoso. Após a terapia estabelecida o animal apresentou pesquisa de antígeno circulante negativa, além da remissão dos achados pulmonares, ausência de imagens sugestivas de D. immitis em vasos e câmaras cardíacas, e melhora clínica significativa. Conclui-se que a TC pode ser utilizada como ferramenta no estadiamento das alterações causadas pela infecção por D. immitis em cães, monitorar a terapia, além de permitir o diagnóstico da dirofilariose oculta.
Ferreira, João Pedro Cordas. "Doseamento do d-dímero como método de diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar em cães com dirofilariose cardíaca em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10566.
Full textO d-dímero é um produto que resulta da degradação de um coágulo de fibrina estabilizado. O aumento da sua concentração plasmática reflete um aumento no processo de fibrinólise e indiretamente na formação de coágulos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a utilidade do doseamento da concentração plasmática do d-dímero como método de avaliar a ocorrência de tromboembolismos em cães com dirofilariose, por Dirofilaria immitis, em diferentes estádios da doença. Este estudo incidiu numa amostra de 19 animais, diagnosticados com dirofilariose cardiopulmonar, provenientes da área de Setúbal, divididos em quatro grupos: 1 (n=3), 2 (n=5), 3 (n=6) e 4 (n=5) por ordem crescente de estadiamento. Foi comparado o valor das concentrações plasmáticas de d-dímero entre os variados grupos. Adicionalmente foi também analisada uma possível associação entre determinados sinais clínicos, ocorrência de complicações durante o tratamento da doença e os animais com valores elevados do d-dímero. Em relação ao doseamento do d-dímero entre os variados grupos, todos os grupos revelaram valores de média de d-dímero superiores ao valor de referência estipulado (<0,40 mg/dl). As médias foram de: 1,7633 mg/dl; 0,6140 mg/dl; 1,1450 mg/dl e 1,0740 mg/dl, por ordem crescente de estadiamento. Igualmente para esta ordem de estadiamento, a percentagem de animais com o valor aumentado de d-dímero foi de 100% (3/3), 60% (3/5), 66% (4/6) e 80% (4/5). Não foi encontrada nenhuma associação entre o valor da concentração de d-dímero obtido e os variados grupos (p=0,340). Também não foi encontrada relação entre um valor de d-dímero acima do normal e os variados sinais clínicos com interesse para a doença: presença de microfilarémia (p=0,338), presença de sinais cardíacos (p=0,120) como sopro cardíaco (p=0,363) ou cardiomegália (p=0,406), presença de sinais respiratórios (p=0,047) ou mesmo entre a combinação dos dois, animais com sinais respiratórios e também cardíacos (p=0,026). Da mesma forma, não foi encontrada associação entre um doseamento de d-dímero acima do normal e a presença de anemia (p=0,143), de trombocitopenia (p=0,699) ou de ambos os parâmetros em simultâneo (p=0,171). Também não ficou demonstrada a associação entre os valores elevados de d-dímeros iniciais e a ocorrência de complicações clínicas durante o tratamento (p=0,733). A utilização do doseamento do d-dímero apresenta neste estudo um resultado desfavorável, não tendo sido capaz de demonstrar a correlação entre os valores de d-dímero aumentados e a ocorrência de tromboembolismos nos vários estádios da doença.
ABSTRACT - The d-dimer is a product that results from the degradation of a stabilized fibrin clot. The increase of its plasma concentration reflects an increase in fibrinolysis process and indirectly in the formation of clots. This study aims to analyze the usefulness of the measurement of plasma concentration of d-dimer as a method to evaluate the occurrence of thromboembolism in dogs with heartworm disease in different stages of the disease. This study focused on a sample of 19 animals from the area of Setúbal, Portugal, divided into four groups: 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 5), 3 (n = 6) and 4 (n = 5) based on the classification of the severity of the disease. It compared the value of the plasma concentrations of d-dimer among the various groups. Additionally it was also analyzed a possible association between some clinical signs, the presence of medical complications during the treatment of the disease and the number of animals that had concentrations of d-dimers above the normal limit. Regarding the determination of d-dimer, all groups showed average above the prescribed reference value (<0.40 mg / dl). The averages were: 1.7633 mg / dl; 0.6140 mg / dL; 1.1450 mg / dl and 1.0740 mg / dl, in ascending order of disease staging. Also for this staging order, the percentage of animals with an increased amount of d-dimer were 100% (3/3), 60% (3/5), 66% (4/6) and 80% (4/5), no significant association between the value of d-dimer concentration obtained and the various groups was found (p = 0.340). There was also no association between a d-dimer value above normal and the varied clinical signs relevant to the disease: presence of microfilaremia (p = 0.338), presence of cardiac signals (p = 0.120) such as heart murmur (p = 0.363) or cardiomegaly (p = 0.406), presence of respiratory signs (p = 0.047) or even in combination of respiratory and cardiac signs (p = 0.026). Likewise, we found no association between a d-dimer assay above normal and the presence of anemia (p = 0.143), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.699) or both parameters simultaneously (p = 0.171). Also, the present study did not find any association between a d-dimer assay above normal and the appearance of clinical complications during the treatment of the disease (p=0,733). The use of the d-dimer assay in this study presents an unfavorable outcome and has not been able to demonstrate the association between the increased d-dimer values and the occurrence of thromboembolism in the various stages of the disease.
Bróis, Paulo Jorge Marques. "Relatório de estágio em clínica e cirurgia de animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19586.
Full textOlsen-Mikitowiez, Victoria Michaelina. "Prevalence of Dirofilaria Immitis, The Causitive Agent in Canine Heartworm Disease, in Arizona from 2008 to 2011 Using Feral Canines as a Sentinel Species." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144918.
Full textSilva, Juliana de Sousa Moreira da. "Caracterização clínica e epidemiológica da dirofilariose cardiopulmonar canina no concelho de Benavente, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16472.
Full textO concelho de Benavente localiza-se numa zona hiperendémica de dirofilariose cardiopulmonar canina. O presente estudo teve como principal objectivo a identificação das alterações clínicas mais significativas nos cães infectados e verificar se variáveis como a idade avançada, apresentação de microfilarémia, valores de d-dímero elevados ou animais em estádios avançados de doença constituíam factores de mau prognóstico para a população avaliada. Foram analisadas as fichas clínicas de 43 cães diagnosticados com dirofilariose cardiopulmonar que realizaram um ou mais dos seguintes exames complementares: radiografia torácica, hemograma, análises bioquímicas e doseamento do d-dímero. Realizou-se ainda o estadiamento dos indivíduos em classes de 1 a 4 recorrendo à combinação de todos os achados clínicos. Registou-se uma prevalência de dirofilariose cardiopulmonar canina de 60% no concelho de Benavente. Dos 43 cães diagnosticados, 44% encontravam-se assintomáticos. Ao exame físico, o achado mais comum foi a existência de um sopro cardíaco, seguido de letargia, dispneia e palidez das mucosas. Os sintomas mais frequentemente exibidos foram a tosse, registada em 30,2% dos animais e intolerância ao exercício, verificada em 20,9% dos indivíduos. Os achados clínicos mais relevantes foram a cardiomegália, o aumento das enzimas hepáticas ALT e AST, leucocitose, neutrofilia, eosinofilia e trombocitopénia no hemograma. Dos animais que efectuaram o doseamento do d-dímero, 45% apresentaram valores acima do valor de referência estipulado (> 0,4 mg/L). Para a pesquisa de factores de mau prognóstico na população em estudo, apenas foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre um estádio ≥ 3 e a morte (p=0,016). Globalmente os achados clínicos foram ao encontro do que está descrito na literatura. Neste estudo, verificou-se uma expressão superior de padrões pulmonares mistos e do aumento das enzimas hepáticas e uma menor frequência de eosinofilia e basofilia.
ABSTRACT - Clinical and epidemiologic characterization of canine cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in the county of Benavente, Portugal - The county of Benavente is located in a hyperendemic area of canine heartworm disease. The present study aimed at the registration of the most significant clinical features in infected dogs and the identification of variables such as ageing, microfilaremia, high d-dimer values or advanced clinical stages of disease as poor prognosis factors for the evaluated population. The clinical files of 43 dogs diagnosed with heartworm disease were analyzed and the individuals were scanned with one or more of the following exams: thoracic radiography, serum biochemical profile, hemogram and measurement of plasma d-dimer levels. The combined clinicopathological findings were used to categorize the individuals in classes from grade 1 to 4. It was found a prevalence of 60% of canine heartworm disease in Benavente’s county. From the total 43 diagnosed dogs, 44% were assymptomatic. During the physical examination, the most frequent findings were the presence of a heart murmur, followed by lethargy, dyspnea and pallor. The most common symptoms were cough registered in 30.2% of the animals and exercise intolerance shown by 20.9% of the individuals. The most relevant clinical findings were cardiomegaly, elevation of ALT and AST hepatic enzymes, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia. From those which performed the measurement of plasma d-dimer levels, 45% showed values above the stated reference value (> 0,4 mg/L). For the search of poor prognosis factors in the studied population it was found a single association between a class ≥ 3 and the animal death (p=0,016). The clinical findings were mainly concordant with the literature. In this study, there was a higher expression of mixed pulmonar patterns and elevated hepatic enzymes and a decreased frequency of eosinophilia and basophilia.
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Gouveia, Marta Isabel Marreiros Santa Ana Viegas. "Susceptibility of mosquito vectors to Dirofilaria immitis on Madeira Island, Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universidade da Madeira, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/27.
Full textKurosaka, Jeffrey Allan. "Vector Competence of Aedes sierrensis and Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) for Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) in Northern California." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2979.
Full textOgawa, Guilherme Maerschner. "Prevalência de Dirofilaria immitis (Leyd, 1856) em cães e sua ocorrência em mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) na cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-20032014-150702/.
Full textHeartworm is an infectious disease with worldwide distribution. Mosquitoes acts as intermediary host and vectors. In Brazil, until now, heatworm was found in 15 states with an national average of 2%. This present work aims to report for the first time canine heartworm in the state of Rondônia and confirms the transmission of the disease in the state. Blood samples were randomly collected from 727 dogs in the municipality of Porto Velho. The samples were analyzed for the presence of microfilariae and circulating antigens using two different techniques: thick blood microscopy stained with Giemsa and immunochormatography for the detection of filarial antigens. Aiming to test the efficacy of the immunoassay test, all the positive cases were examined by PCR and pools of negative samples were also examined. Mosquitoes were collected at the domiciles presenting positive cases and analyzed by PCR. A distribution map was made with positive cases. Ninety three blood samples out of 727 (12.8%) were positive by the immunoassay technique and none by the thick smear method. All the positive cases by the immunoassay technique were examined by PCR and pools of all negatives samples were also examined resulting in 10% and 0% positivity frequency, respectively. Among the 93 positive dogs, 89 (95.7%) were born in Porto Velho. No differences in the frequency of infection were observed between dogs raised indoor or in the yards. The distribution map indicates a hotspot in the north area of the city. Mosquitoes were analyzed by PCR, resulting in only one positive pool. This result shows that the transmission of canine heartworm is occurring in the municipality of Porto Velho and has moderate prevalence among dogs. The immunoassay technique and the PCR method are more efficient in detecting D. immitis infections in dogs when compared to the blood smear technique. The confirmation of heartworm transmission in Porto Velho also includes this disease among the ranks of differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in humans in Rondônia.
Chen, Terry, and 陳泰瑞. "Studies on Constituents of Heartwood of Erythrina arborescens." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45350237504689580965.
Full text靜宜大學
應用化學系
88
Abstract Erythrina arborescens Roxb.(Leguminosae) is a large deciduous tree widely distributed in the subtropical regions. It is also often planted garden and roadside. From the methanolic extracts of the heartwood of Erythrina arborescens Roxb. fifteen compounds were found. These components are including long chain ester of frulic acids(A)、phytosterols(B)、phytosterol-glucoside(C)、β-sitosterol(D)、β-sitosterol-3-β-O-d-glucoside(E)、β-amyrin(F) 、lup-20(29)-ene-3-one(G)、oleanolic acid(H)、olean-12-ene-3β,28-diol(I)、ursolic acid(J)、olean-12-ene-3β,22β-diol(K)、3'',4''-methylenedioxy-(2'',3'':7,8)furanoflavone(L)、3'',4''-methylenedioxy-(2'',3'':7,8)furanoisoflavone(M)、lanceolatin B(N)、dihydroalpinumisoflavone(O). All of these were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among the above components, compound K、compound L、compound M、compound N、compound O were first isolated from this plant.
Chen, Tai-Hung, and 陳泰宏. "Lignanoids and bioactivity study of Chamaecyparis formosensis heartwood." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92180885095209536148.
Full text國立中興大學
化學系所
94
Taiwan red cypress(Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum.)is an endemic precious tree specie grown in Taiwan. In this study the heartwood chips were extracted with methanol and carried on the cytotoxicity assay. The result of brine shrimp lethality test(BST)indicated the extractives of EtOAc soluble part from C. formosensi extracts had the potential(IC50=15.36 ug/mL)to further study on their antitumor activity. In the isolation of our study, six lignans and tow norlignans chemical constituents were isolated from the heart of Chamaecyparis formosensis. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds were tested in vitro against promyelocytic leukemia cells(HL-60)and hepatoma cells(Hepa-G2)cell lines. Among them, compound (7’S) – 7,7’ – dihydrotaiwanin C is first time isolated from the nature. It showed significant cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cell lines in vitro. Its IC50 is 1.74 ug/mL after acting only on one day.
Wang, Sheng-Yang, and 王升陽. "Extractives, Discoloration Mechanisms and Protection Methods of Taiwania Heartwood." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03805475192755224868.
Full text國立臺灣大學
森林學研究所
87
Abstract Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata) is an economically important tree species indigenous to Taiwan. Its heartwood is yellowish red with distinguished purplish pink streaks, which fascinates Taiwanese very much. For its excellent decay resistance and well processing properties, Taiwania is one of the five useful coniferous trees in Taiwan. Unfortunately, the color of Taiwania heartwood is susceptible to change to dull black after exposure it to natural environment. This discoloration is an adverse problem that decreases the value of Taiwania products. Therefore, to identify the color compounds of Taiwania heartwood and to illustrate the mechanism of discoloration should facilitate to find an appropriate method to prevent its discoloration. Following by TLC, CC, HPLC, several color constituents, such as taiwanin A (orange), ferruginol (yellow), T-cadinol (yellow), hinokinin (yellow), helioxanthin (yellow), savinin (yellow), pluviatolide (red), were isolated from the methanol extractives of Taiwania heartwood. According to the results of light irradiation experiments, whether in chloroform or acetone, deep orange crystalline taiwanin A was converted into white taiwanin C and pale yellow taiwanin E. Based on the results obtained it is obvious that the discoloration, generating from the photolysis of Taiwanin A, could be one of the reasons to cause the disappearance of yellowish red color of Taiwania heartwood. In addition, some of colorless constituents, such as secoabietane dialdehyde, changed to dark color after light irradiation. To preserve the yellowish red color of Taiwania heartwood, aliphatic polyurethane clear coatings containing Tinuvin photostabilizer coupled with pretreatments using photostabilizers, polyethylene glycol, semicarbazide, salol photostabilizer and acetic acid, were examined. Results demonstrated that discoloration on the surface of Taiwania heartwood was inhibited by pretreating it with photostabilizers (Tinuvin-1130 and Tinuvin-292) or PEG or SCB or salol photostabiloizer, followed by finishing it with an aliphatic polyurethane coating containing Tinuvin-1130 photostabilizer.
Huang, Yu-Hao, and 黃煜豪. "Bioactive Components Isolated from Heartwood of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54345287027194582869.
Full text國立中興大學
化學系所
96
Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh. (Lauraceae) is an arbor indigenous to Taiwan. As we investigated the chemical constituents of heartwood of C. osmophloeum, a totally 10 compounds including seven lignanoid(A, B, C – G)、one steroid (J)、two flavanoid (H, I) were isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated to be (7’S, 8’R, 8R)-lyoniresinol-9-O-(E)-feruloyl ester (A)、(7’S, 8’R, 8R)-lyoniresinol-9,9’-di-O-(E)-feruloyl ester (B)、(+)-lyoniresinol 2α-β-D-xylopyranoside (C)、(-)-lyoniresinol 2α-β-D-xylopyranoside (D)、(-)-secoisolariciresinol (E)9,9’-di-O-feruloyl-(+)-5,5’-dimethoxy secoisolariciresinol (F)、(+)-syringaresinol (G)、(-)-catechin (H) 和 (-)-epicatechin (I)、β-sitosterol (J) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Among these identified compounds A, B and F are new. In aspect of qualitative analysis of ethanolic extracts of C. osmophloeum five compounds (-)-catechin (H)、(-)-epicatechin (I)、lyoniside (C)、(+)-syringaresinol (G)、4''-hydroxy-5, 7, 3''-trimethoxyflavan-3-ol were confirmed. In addition, results of biological tests indicated that compound A and B show cytotoxic activity against HepG2, Hep3B and Ca9-22 cancer cell lines.
Lourenço, Ana Carina dos Santos. "The influence of Eucalyptus globulus heartwood in pulp production." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1080.
Full textA 18-year-old Eucalyptus globulus tree was used to study the influence of heartwood and sapwood in kraft pulping along different reaction times (1 to 95 min). Heartwood had more extractives (9.8 % vs. 3.9 %) and more xylose content (17.5 % and 13.7 %) compared to sapwood, but no differences were found in total lignin content (23.5 % vs. 24.3 %). After 95 min, heartwood pulps had lower yields (52.4 % vs. 56.7 %) and higher residual lignin content (3.0 % vs. 1.2 %) but no differences were found in sugar content. Sapwood pulps presented higher luminosity (L*, 65 to 80), but no differences at a* and b* values. Two models of delignification kinetics were applied: consecutive and simultaneous. Both models explained well the delignification kinetics of sapwood but the simultaneous model explained better the heartwood delignification. RESUMO ALARGADO Neste trabalho foi usada madeira de Eucalyptus globulus com 18 anos para estudar a influência do cerne e do borne na deslenhificação kraft (170ºC) ao longo de vários tempos de reacção (1 a 95 min). As fracções 20-40 mesh de borne e cerne foram caracterizadas por parâmetros químicos e ópticos. O cerne apresentou maior conteúdo em extractivos (9,8 % vs. 3,9 %), mas idêntico teor em lenhina total (23,5 % vs. 24,3 %) e apresentou uma percentagem mais elevada de xilose em relação ao borne (17,5 % vs. 13,7 %), enquanto o conteúdo em glucose foi superior neste último (81,1 % e 75,1 %). O cerne é mais amarelo que o borne respectivamente, 17 e 14, não apresentando diferenças nos parâmetros L* (83) e a* (3). A madeira de borne, por conter menor teor em extractivos comparativamente ao cerne, apresentou após 95 min de deslenhificação, rendimentos superiores (56,7 % vs. 52,4 %) e menor teor em lenhina residual respectivamente, 3,0 % e 1,2 %. O conteúdo em açucares totais foi semelhante em ambas as amostras: arabinose (0,5 %), manose (1,7 %) e galactose (0,8 %), glucose (84 %) e xilose (13 %). O borne apresentou valores de luminosidade (L*) mais elevados que o cerne, respectivamente, 66,5 e 74,5, não se verificando diferenças quanto aos parâmetros a* e b*. Foram aplicados dois modelos matemáticos baseados numa cinética de 1ª ordem, para explicar a remoção de lenhina. O modelo consecutivo descreveu a reacção de deslenhificação em duas fases: uma fase principal (que nas condições usadas inclui a fase inicial) mais rápida e onde é removida a maior parte da lenhina e uma fase residual, mais lenta. Quando aplicado ao borne, este modelo explicou na fase principal maior extracção de lenhina comparativamente ao cerne (86,0 % vs. 80,0 %), com uma constante de velocidade superior no borne (k = 0,061 min-1 vs. k = 0,048 min-1); na fase residual a extracção foi de respectivamente, 9,0 % e 7,0 % do total de lenhina, com constantes de velocidades correspondentes a 0,017 e 0,007 min-1, permanecendo no cerne cerca de 13,0 % de lenhina na matriz lenhocelulósica e no borne apenas 5,0 %. O modelo simultâneo mostrou a existência de duas fracções da lenhina com diferente reactividade, uma mais reactiva e outra menos reactiva. O borne mostrou 76,0 % da lenhina mais reactiva (L1) que foi removida a uma constante de velocidade k1 de 0,077 min-1, sendo a remoção de 24,0 % da lenhina menos reactiva (L2) feita a um k de 0.018 min-1. No cerne estas fracções representaram respectivamente, 71,0 % e 29,0 %, que apresentaram respectivamente constantes de velocidade: k1 = 0,080 min-1 e k2 = 0,010 min-1. Ambos os modelos explicaram bem a deslenhificação do borne (SQR = 0,041 vs. 0,033), enquanto que o modelo simultâneo explicou melhor a deslenhificação do cerne (SQR = 0,0030). Em conclusão, o cerne foi mais difícil de deslenhificar supondo-se que devido a diferenças anatómicas e químicas
Pan, Shin-Hung, and 潘信鴻. "The Genetic Analysis of Heartwood Related Traits in Taiwania cryptomerioides." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h737fb.
Full text國立中興大學
森林學系所
104
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata) is a gymnosperm species indigenous to Taiwan. Its wood is highly resistance to pests, diseases and wind. Due to these excellent wood properties, it is used to make furniture or as building materials. Recent, studies also showed that the heartwood of Taiwania contains specific secondary metabolites with antibacterial and antitumor effect, and therefore have great potential in medical applications. In this study, we collected 171 clonal samples from 35 genotypes of four provenances (Guanshan, Chudong, Dashueshan, Dajia) in the Tsuyunshan T. cryptomerioides seed orchard to evaluate the broad-sense heritability (H2) of traits related to heartwood transition and yield of specific secondary metabolites. We used soft X-ray to analyze sapwood rings number and sapwood length, and used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify and quantify the abundance of specific secondary metabolites in the heartwood. The results showed high broad-sense heritability for sapwood ring number (H2=0.68), sapwood length (H2=0.575) and DBH (H2=0.676). The NMR results showed that among all integrated signal regions, those corresponded to the lignans were the ones with broad-sense heritability lager than 0.1. The results were further verified using LC-MS for the six major lignans. Except taiwanin A and taiwanin C, hinokinin (H2=0.82)、savinin (H2=0.88)、helioxanthin (H2=0.91) have high broad-sense heritability, suggest that the heatwood transistion and the biosynthesis of major lingans in Taiwania are regulated by few genes of great effect. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the transcribed genes in developing xylem, bark and needles were evaluated for the 35 Taiwania genotypes using RNA-seq. These 35 genotypes were divided into 6 groups based on their provenance origin and numbers of genotypes. The results showed that the average distance between SNPs is between 58.54 - 63.53 nt, nucleotide diversity (π) is between 0.0084-0.0086 and haplotype diversity (Hd) is between 0.197-0.239. The results suggest that Taiwania has high genetic diversity among genotypes and provenances. The results of this research provide the foundations for association genetics studies using SNP markers and functional genomics analysis through differential gene expression analysis. The identification of genes regulate the transition of heartwood and the abundance of specific secondary metabolites would be crucial for future genetic improvement of related heartwood traits.
Chen, Jeng-Chung, and 陳正忠. "Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Chamaecyparis formosensis Heartwood." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58855725993370787377.
Full text國立中興大學
化學系所
96
Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum is indigenous species growing at altitudes of 1,500~2150 meters in Taiwan. The wood of this tree is one of the best building materials in Taiwan. The methanol extract from the heartwood of C. formosensis was concentrated to obtain a residue, and then partitioned between ethyl acetate and H2O. Eleven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate layer using column chromatography on silica gel, preparative thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The eleven compounds includes two sesquiterpenoids (4α-Hydroxy-4β-methyldihydrocostol and Cryptomeridiol ), one diterpenoid (Hinokiol), three lignans (Savinin、 TaiwaninC and Taiwanin E), five norlignans (Hinokiresinol、Agatharesinol、Methyl-yateresinol, Yateresinol and 4α-Hydroxy-4β-methyldihydrocostol-yateresinol). The structure of Methylyateresinol and 4α-Hydroxy-4β-methyldihydrocostol-yateresinol were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and were for the first time isolated from nature.