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Journal articles on the topic 'Heart diseases in Singapore'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Tan, Rayner Kay Jin, Alvin Kuo Jing Teo, Nashwinder Kaur, Jack Harrison-Quintana, Mark I-Cheng Chen, and Chen Seong Wong. "Cost and anonymity as factors for the effective implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis: an observational study among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Singapore." Sexual Health 15, no. 6 (2018): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18059.

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Background HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is currently offered by several public and private clinics at unsubsidised prices in Singapore, but to date, no information is available on the effect of these services. This study sought to assess the knowledge and uptake of, and willingness to use PrEP among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Singapore. Methods: Recruitment was conducted through Grindr®, a geosocial networking application for GBMSM. Results were quantitatively analysed through descriptive statistics and multivariate Poisson regression models, while open-ended responses were qualitatively coded and categorised. Results: Of the 1339 participants who responded, 1098 participants who indicated their knowledge and use of PrEP were included in the analytic sample. Overall, 15.0% (n=154) had taken PrEP, 66.2% (n=678) had heard of but not taken PrEP, while 18.8% (n=193) had never heard of PrEP. Of those who had ever taken PrEP, 59.6% (n=90) had obtained PrEP from overseas or other unofficial sources. Of those who had heard of but never taken PrEP, 73.3% (n=486) reported that they would consider taking PrEP. Those who had taken PrEP were older and had higher educational attainment. Conclusions: The gap between the willingness to use PrEP and its uptake may be attributed to the cost of PrEP and issues of anonymity at healthcare settings in Singapore. National financing schemes are needed to expand access to PrEP if it is to make a meaningful effect to the Singapore HIV/AIDS response.

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2

Song, Jae-Hoon, Keiichi Hiramatsu, Ji Yoeun Suh, Kwan Soo Ko, Teruyo Ito, Maria Kapi, Sungmin Kiem, et al. "Emergence in Asian Countries of Staphylococcus aureus with Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 12 (December 2004): 4926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.12.4926-4928.2004.

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ABSTRACT To investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in Asian countries, a total of 1,357 clinical isolates of MRSA collected from 12 Asian countries were screened by using brain heart infusion agar plates containing 4 mg of vancomycin per liter. The presence of strains that were heterointermediately resistant to vancomycin (hVISA) was confirmed by population analysis. Of 347 (25.6%) MRSA isolates that grew on the screening agar plates, 58 isolates (4.3%) were hVISA. hVISA strains were found in India, South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. However, neither vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus nor vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolates were found among MRSA isolates from Asian countries in this survey.

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Fatima, Samreen, Sayed Saad Ali, Syeda Sadia Zia, Ehtesham Hussain, Tayyab Raza Fraz, and Mehwish Shafi Khan. "Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Emission of Asian Countries Using ARIMA and Simple Exponential Smoothing Models." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss1.2019.219.

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Industrial revolution has increased the level of pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide in the past fewdecades. Resulting changes in the world’s climate are seen in the form of an increase in temperature which causes heatwaves, diseases related to skin, cardiovascular and other respiratory illnesses in humans. According to a past study,overall contribution of continent Asia is 49% - 50% in the production of carbon dioxide. Therefore, data of carbondioxide emission, heat and electricity, manufacturing industries, residential and commercial buildings, transport andother sources of Asian countries namely: Japan, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Singapore, andNepal from 1971 to 2014 have been taken for the present study. Empirical analysis shows that heat and electricity arethe main cause to increase carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran and Sri Lanka. Whereas thisemission is increased in China due to residential and commercial buildings and transport variables. On the other hand,for Nepal and Singapore, these variables do not play any significant role in CO2 emission. Simple exponentialsmoothing (SES) and ARIMA models are used to forecast CO2 emissions. Furthermore, simple exponential smoothingis found appropriate for Pakistan and Sri Lanka based on the minimum FMAE. Whereas, for Japan, China, India, Iranand Singapore, ARIMA model is found suitable as it has minimum FMAE value. In Nepal and Bangladesh, bothmodels have significant differences, so any one of them can be used for forecasting.

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Fatima, Samreen, Sayed Saad Ali, Syeda Sadia Zia, Ehtesham Hussain, Tayyab Raza Fraz, and Mehwish Shafi Khan. "Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Emission of Asian Countries Using ARIMA and Simple Exponential Smoothing Models." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i1.219.

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Industrial revolution has increased the level of pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide in the past fewdecades. Resulting changes in the world’s climate are seen in the form of an increase in temperature which causes heatwaves, diseases related to skin, cardiovascular and other respiratory illnesses in humans. According to a past study,overall contribution of continent Asia is 49% - 50% in the production of carbon dioxide. Therefore, data of carbondioxide emission, heat and electricity, manufacturing industries, residential and commercial buildings, transport andother sources of Asian countries namely: Japan, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Singapore, andNepal from 1971 to 2014 have been taken for the present study. Empirical analysis shows that heat and electricity arethe main cause to increase carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran and Sri Lanka. Whereas thisemission is increased in China due to residential and commercial buildings and transport variables. On the other hand,for Nepal and Singapore, these variables do not play any significant role in CO2 emission. Simple exponentialsmoothing (SES) and ARIMA models are used to forecast CO2 emissions. Furthermore, simple exponential smoothingis found appropriate for Pakistan and Sri Lanka based on the minimum FMAE. Whereas, for Japan, China, India, Iranand Singapore, ARIMA model is found suitable as it has minimum FMAE value. In Nepal and Bangladesh, bothmodels have significant differences, so any one of them can be used for forecasting.

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5

Atwood, Stephen J. "It is a Small World: Global Medical Education for the Twenty-first Century." Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine 21, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23861/ejbm200421450.

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Last year’s epidemic of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus in Asia and the present world-wide concern about the spread of the H5N1 avian flu virus has brought international health concerns to the front pages of national and international newspapers, newsmagazines, and health journals around the world. Add to this the global Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic, the global resurgence of tuberculosis (TB), and the disturbing increases in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and it becomes difficult to imagine the compartmentalized world of even 30 years ago when diseases of different continents stayed in their place. Today, more than one million people cross international borders each day (not including refugees and displaced persons). Air transport guarantees a rapid transit of both person and pathogen well within the incubation period of many diseases. Body-heat detectors used recently at immigration points (e.g., Singapore and Hanoi) to detect febrile passengers are symbolic of the coarse screening attempts being used to control the movement of contagious diseases.

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Jiang, Ying, Shefaly Shorey, Hoang D. Nguyen, Vivien Xi Wu, Choy Yee Lee, Lee Fung Yang, Karen Wei Ling Koh, and Wenru Wang. "The development and pilot study of a nurse-led HOMe-based HEart failure self-Management Programme (the HOM-HEMP) for patients with chronic heart failure, following Medical Research Council guidelines." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 19, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515119872853.

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Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common causes of hospital admissions and readmissions. Managing CHF requires a comprehensive treatment plan that consists of medication treatment and behavioural change. However, patients often feel unprepared for their self-management role in the community, especially during the period of transition after discharge from hospital. Therefore, an effective intervention to promote CHF self-management is needed. Aims: This paper describes the development and pilot testing of a multicomponent nursing intervention (i.e. the HOM-HEMP) for a randomised controlled trial to assess its effectiveness in improving self-care behaviour among CHF patients in Singapore. A description of the study intervention is also delineated in detail. Methods: The HOM-HEMP was developed based on the UK Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. After the development of the study intervention, a single group pre- and post-repeated measure pilot test was conducted to evaluate the study intervention package for its acceptability and the feasibility of the data collection procedure. Ten participants were recruited through consecutive sampling. All of the participants received the full intervention package with the supplementary mobile application. The data were collected at baseline and immediately after the study intervention (i.e. 6 weeks from baseline). The outcome measures included the Self-Care Heart Failure Index, Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Form of the Social Support Questionnaire. Results: The results from the pilot testing showed that the programme was feasible and potentially effective in improving patient’s self-care management, psychological outcomes and health-related quality of life. Conclusion: A self-management psychosocial education approach is the preferred choice for many patients with chronic diseases. The effectiveness of the HOM-HEMP will next be tested in a full scale randomised control trial.

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Goh, K. T., S. H. Teo, L. Tay, and E. H. A. Monteiro. "Epidemiology and control of an outbreak of typhoid in a psychiatric institution." Epidemiology and Infection 108, no. 2 (April 1992): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049700.

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SUMMARYAn outbreak of typhoid caused by Salmonella typhi of the same Vi-phage type (D1) and of the same antibiogram was reported in a large psychiatric institution in Singapore. A total of 95 (4·8%) of the 1965 inmates were infected, 47 with symptoms and 48 asymptomatic. Transmission was through close person-to-person contact and not through contaminated food or water. The source of infection could not be established. The outbreak was brought under control by maintaining a high standard of environmental sanitation, active search for fever and diarrhoeal cases, identification of asymptomatic cases by rectal swabbing, and isolation of those found to be infected. Mass immunization with two doses of heat-phenol inactivated typhoid vaccine was also carried out concurrently. The vaccine was found to have an efficacy of 65·8% in preventing clinical illness.

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Ho, Andrew FW, Kai Yi Lee, Xinyi Lin, Ying Hao, Nur Shahidah, Yih Yng Ng, Benjamin SH Leong, et al. "Nation-Wide Observational Study of Cardiac Arrests Occurring in Nursing Homes and Nursing Facilities in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 49, no. 5 (May 31, 2020): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmed.sg.2019244.

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Introduction: Nursing home (NH) residents with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) have unique resuscitation priorities. This study aimed to describe OHCA characteristics in NH residents and identify independent predictors of survival. Materials and Methods: OHCA cases between 2010–16 in the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study were retrospectively analysed. Patients aged <18 years old and non-emergency cases were excluded. Primary outcome was survival at discharge or 30 days. Good neurological outcome was defined as a cerebral performance score between 1–2. Results: A total of 12,112 cases were included. Of these, 449 (3.7%) were NH residents who were older (median age 79 years, range 69–87 years) and more likely to have a history of stroke, heart and respiratory diseases. Fewer NH OHCA had presumed cardiac aetiology (62% vs 70%, P <0.01) and initial shockable rhythm (8.9% vs 18%, P <0.01), but had higher incidence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (74% vs 43%, P <0.01) and defibrillator use (8.5% vs 2.8%, P <0.01). Non-NH (2.8%) residents had better neurological outcomes than NH (0.9%) residents (P <0.05). Factors associated with survival for cardiac aetiology included age <65 years old, witnessed arrest, bystander defibrillator use and initial shockable rhythm; for non-cardiac aetiology, these included witnessed arrest (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.8, P <0.001) and initial shockable rhythm (AOR 5.7, P <0.001). Conclusion: Neurological outcomes were poorer in NH survivors of OHCA. These findings should inform health policies on termination of resuscitation, advance care directives and do-not-resuscitate orders in this population. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2020;49:285–93 Key words: Advance care directives, Do-not-resuscitate orders, Geriatrics, Out-of- hospital, Palliative care

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Heil, D. P., R. U. Newton, and D. D. A. Salle. "Characterizing the Metabolic Intensity and Cardiovascular Demands of Walking Football in Southeast Asian Women." International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijpefs1832.

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Given that the recent rise in obesity rates throughout Southeast Asia is disproportionately driven by women, part of the regional solution may be to encourage more habitual physical activity within this population. Taking advantage of the regional popularity of walking football, this study sought to characterize thecardiovascular demands and metabolic intensity of Southeast Asian women competing in walking football matches to determine the sports’ suitability for promoting physical health. It was hypothesized that both cardiovascular and metabolic intensity measures (≥65% HR% and ≥3.0 METs, respectively) would meet or exceed established thresholds for improving fitness and health. Methods: Women’s teams from Singapore (Mean±SD: 42±11 yrs age; 29.2±7.0 kg/m2 BMI; n=14) and Malaysia (40±10 yrs age; 32.9±5.7 kg/m2 BMI; n=8) competed in two successive matches within a single day during which measures of heart rate (HR) and GPS (from portable handheld device) were recorded for each player, while relative HR was computed as a percent of each player’s age-predicted maximal HR (HR%, %). The GPS data were later converted to walking distance and metabolic intensity (i.e., metabolic equivalents, or METs). One-sample t-tests at the 0.05 alpha level were used to compare variables to their respective thresholds. Results: Both Malaysian and Singaporean teams had mean relative HRs (91-95% of HRMAX [P=0.008] versus 77-80% of HRMAX [P<0.001], respectively) that exceeded the 65% threshold for improving cardiovascular fitness. Both teams also maintained an average metabolic intensity that was statistically similar to the 3.0 MET threshold that decreases one risk for non-communicable diseases (3.2±0.9 METs [P=0.0510] versus (3.3±1.0 METs [P=0.288], respectively), and both teams walked an average of 2.2-2.4 kms/match. Conclusions: These results support the idea that competitive walking football is of sufficient intensity to promote positive changes in both cardiovascular and metabolic fitness in this population of Southeast Asian women.

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Phang, Lim Yeong, and Tan Yong Seng. "Management of Cardiac Myxomas." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 5, no. 3 (September 1997): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849239700500308.

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Cardiac myxomas are benign primary tumors of the heart that require prompt surgical intervention because of the possibility of developing syncope and hemodynamic or embolic complications. From 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1996, 20 patients (11 male and 9 female) underwent surgery for cardiac myxoma at Singapore General Hospital. Nineteen patients had a left atrial myxoma and 1 had a right atrial myxoma. Five patients had concomitant coronary artery disease including one with severe mitral regurgitation. Nine patients presented with progressive dyspnea, 5 with systemic embolus, 2 with syncope, 3 with congestive cardiac failure, and 1 with right ventricular failure. In 6 patients the diagnosis was established by cardiac catheterization and 14 patients were diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiopulmonary bypass with mild to moderate systemic hypothermia was used for excision of the myxoma in all cases. Five patients had concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and 2 had concomitant mitral valve replacement. There was no hospital mortality among patients who had only excision of the myxoma, including a patient who had a recurrence of her left atrial myxoma 5 years after the initial excision. There were 2 deaths in patients with coexisting cardiac and other diseases. Surgical excision is recommended for all cases of cardiac myxoma. There is little risk associated with this procedure. All patients should be followed up regularly with echocardiographic assessment as there is a small risk of recurrence.

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11

Slim, Meng-Kwoon. "Cardiovascular actions of chicken-meat extract in normo- and hypertensive rats." British Journal of Nutrition 86, no. 1 (July 2001): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001367.

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The cardiovascular actions of a commercial chicken-meat extract known as Brand's Essence of Chicken (Cerebos Pacific Ltd, Singapore; BEC) were investigated in normo- and hypertensive rats. The spontaneously-hypertensive rat (SHR), Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) and Sprague Dawley rat (SD) were used. The effect of oral feeding of BEC on hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and arteriosclerosis in these animals was studied. The data showed the following effects of oral feeding of BEC: (1) feeding for 30 d did not affect the blood pressure and heart rate (determined telemetrically) of adult SHR and WKY; (2) feeding for 90 d did not affect the development of hypertension in 1-month-old prehypertensive SHR; (3) feeding for 4 d dose-dependently (0·2–3·2 ml/kg per d) attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in experimentally-induced (coarctation of the abdominal aorta) cardiac hypertrophic SD; (4) feeding to 1-month-old prehypertensive SHR for 11 months did not affect the age-related development of hypertension in this animal; (5) there was significant attenuation of the age-related development of hypertension (determined by tail-cuff plethysmography) in the WKY (P=0·011) when the animals drank an average of 7·5 ml BEC/kg body weight per d, measured during the last 2 months of the 11-month treatment period; (6) there was chronic, as in the previous treatment, attenuation of the age-related development of cardiac hypertrophy and arteriosclerosis (quantified morphometrically) in the SHR when the animals drank an average of 2·4 ml BEC/kg per d, measured during the last 2 months of the 11-month treatment period. A parallel study using laboratory-prepared chicken-meat and pork extracts showed that the former, but not the latter, attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in experimentally-induced cardiac hypertrophic SD. These findings, showing that chicken-meat extract (both BEC and laboratory prepared) could have anti-cardiac hypertrophic, anti-hypertensive and anti-arteriosclerotic actions, were unexpected and provoking, and would challenge nutritional scientists with an interest in meat consumption and cardiovascular diseases.

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12

Lee, Yoke-Sun. "Muscle diseases in singapore." Pathology 18, no. 1 (1986): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00313028609090825.

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Sim, David Kheng Leng, R. N. Ka Lee Kerk, R. N. Chia Lee Neo, Chong-Hee Lim, C. Sivathasan, Teing Ee Tan, and Bernard Wing Kuin Kwok. "Donor heart procurement experience in Singapore." Heart, Lung and Circulation 17 (January 2008): S42—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2007.11.109.

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14

Orellana, Claudia. "Melioidosis strikes Singapore." Lancet Infectious Diseases 4, no. 11 (November 2004): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01190-9.

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15

Khor, A., C. T. Ng, and W. Fong. "THU0569 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A SOUTH-EAST ASIAN COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 526.2–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3229.

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Background:Axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common rheumatic diseases that can result in joint damage and deformities, leading to reduced physical function and quality of life. Physical activity (PA) and exercise have been shown to improve general well-being and reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with AxSpA and RA, and are part of the non-pharmacological management in the EULAR guidelines. Despite this, PA levels are reduced in AxSpA and RA patients1,2. In addition, it has also been reported that Asians have lower levels of PA3.Objectives:This study aims to examine the patterns of PA in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted between May 2016 and Jan 2017. Consecutive patients with AxSpA and RA were recruited at an outpatient rheumatology clinic at Singapore General Hospital, the largest tertiary hospital in Singapore. Controls were based on a previous cross-sectional study4. PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaires (GPAQ) developed by the world health organization (WHO)5.Results:74 AxSpA and 69 RA patients were recruited and compared to 886 controls. AxSpA patients were younger (median age [IQR], 37.0 [26.3] years) and predominantly male (75.7%), while RA patients were the oldest (median age [IQR], 59.0 [16.5] years) and predominantly female (81.2%). BMI was similar between all three groups. RA patients had more comorbidities (such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus) compared to AxSpA patients and controls.All three groups had similar proportion of participants meeting WHO recommendations for PA (AxSpA = 77.0%, RA = 79.7%, controls = 83.1%, p=0.35) and median (IQR) time (95% CI) of PA per day [60 (107.1) vs 57.9 (122.9) vs 51.4 (94.3), p=0.93). More AxSpA patients had a high level of sedentary activity compared to RA or controls (AxSpA = 56.8%, RA = 23.2%, controls = 7.2%, p < 0.01). When comparing AxSpA and RA patients with inactive disease or in remission versus active disease, levels of PA did not differ between the 2 groups (p=0.33).Conclusion:Levels of PA did not differ significant between AxSpA and RA patients compared to the general population, and disease activity levels did not affect the level of PA in patients with AxSpA and RA. Of note was that patients with AxSpA and RA demonstrated higher levels of sedentary activity compared to the general population. Improving PA and decreasing sedentary activity could reduce the cardiovascular risk, especially in patients with RA.References:[1]Summers G, Booth A, Brooke-Wavell K, Barami T, Clemes S. <p>Physical activity and sedentary behavior in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of patients with low and high disease activity and healthy controls</p>.Open Access Rheumatol Res Rev. 2019;Volume 11:133-142. doi:10.2147/oarrr.s203511[2]Sundstrom B, Ekergård H, Sundelin G. Exercise habits among patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Scand J Rheumatol. 2002;31(3):163-167. doi:10.1080/rhe.31.3.163.167[3]Lip GY, Luscombe C, McCarry M, Malik I, Beevers G. Ethnic differences in public health awareness, health perceptions and physical exercise: implications for heart disease prevention.Ethn Health. 1996;1(1):47-53. doi:10.1080/13557858.1996.9961769[4]Win AM, Yen LW, Tan KH, Lim RBT, Chia KS, Mueller-Riemenschneider F. Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a representative sample of a multi-ethnic South-East Asian population: A cross-sectional study.BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):1-11. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1668-7[5]Bull FC, Maslin TS, Armstrong T. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): Nine country reliability and validity study.J Phys Act Heal. 2009;6(6):790-804. doi:10.1123/jpah.6.6.790Disclosure of Interests:Andrew Khor: None declared, Chin Teck Ng: None declared, Warren Fong Consultant of: Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis

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Yong, Sarah Ee Fang, Oon Tek Ng, Zheng Jie Marc Ho, Tze Minn Mak, Kalisvar Marimuthu, Shawn Vasoo, Tsin Wen Yeo, et al. "Imported Monkeypox, Singapore." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 8 (August 2020): 1826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2608.191387.

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Koh, T. H., A. L. Tan, Y. L. Lo, and H. Oh. "Cryptococcus neoformansvar.gattiimeningitis in Singapore." Medical Mycology 40, no. 2 (January 2002): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/mmy.40.2.221.223.

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Chua, Terrance. "Cardiac Care in Singapore: The National Heart Centre Experience." American Heart Hospital Journal 5, no. 1 (January 2007): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-9215.2007.06465.x.

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Malhotra, Chetna, Genevieve Cheng Sim Wong, Boon Cheng Tan, Clarice Shu Hwa Ng, Neo Chia Lee, Cindy Suck Lan Lau, David Kheng Leng Sim, and Eric Andrew Finkelstein. "Living with heart failure: Perspectives of patients from Singapore." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 25, no. 2 (January 7, 2016): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105815624121.

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Enserink, M. "INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Singapore Lab Faulted in SARS Case." Science 301, no. 5641 (September 26, 2003): 1824b—1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5641.1824b.

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Normile, D. "SINGAPORE: Novartis Kicks Off Institute for Neglected Diseases." Science 299, no. 5608 (February 7, 2003): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.299.5608.811.

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Chee, Cynthia B. E., Li-Yang Hsu, Li-Hwei Sng, Yee-Sin Leo, Jeffery Cutter, and Yee-Tang Wang. "MDR TB Transmission, Singapore." Emerging Infectious Diseases 19, no. 7 (July 2013): 1151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1907.120372.

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Leo, Yee S., Angela L. P. Chow, Li Kiang Tan, David C. Lye, Li Lin, and Lee C. Ng. "Chikungunya Outbreak, Singapore, 2008." Emerging Infectious Diseases 15, no. 5 (May 2009): 836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1505.081390.

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Tan, Ai Ling. "Candida dubliniensis Infection, Singapore." Emerging Infectious Diseases 8, no. 4 (April 2002): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0804.010423.

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Koh, Tse Hsien, Asok Kurup, and John Chen. "Streptococcus iniaeDiscitis in Singapore." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 9 (September 2004): 1694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1009.040029.

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Iriart, X., J. Selly, J. Thambo, A. Van De Bruaene, P. De Meester, M. Delcroix, J. Voigt, et al. "Congenital Heart Diseases." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 13, suppl 1 (December 1, 2012): i106—i107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jes261.

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Kurup, Viji, and Ala' Sami Haddadin. "Valvular Heart Diseases." Anesthesiology Clinics of North America 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 487–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atc.2006.05.005.

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Hashmi, Syed Fasih Ahmed, Mashooq Ali Dasti, Muhammad Sajid Abbas Jaffri, Hamid Nawaz Ali Memon, Athar Hussain Memon, Zulfiqar Ali Qutrio Baloch, and Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah. "ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 04 (April 10, 2016): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.04.1498.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia level inpatients with ischemic heart diseases. Study Design: Case series study. Setting: LiaquatUniversity Hospital Hyderabad. Period: Six months. Patients and Methods: All the patientswith known ischemic heart disease of either sex gave the history of myocardial infarction andechocardiography showed motion wall abnormalities were recruited and entered in the study.After confirmation of IHD, the 2cc venous blood sample was taken in sterilize disposablesyringe and sent to laboratory for evaluation of serum homocysteine levels while the data wascollected on pre-designed proforma and the data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequencyand percentage was calculated. Results: Total one hundred patients with known ischemiccardiac disease were recruited and evaluated for homocysteine level. The mean ±SD forage of patients with ischemic heart diseases was 55.82±10.94. Majority of the patients weremales 57% and the male to female cross tabulation was statistically significant (p=0.02). Thehyperhomocysteinemia was not statistically significant in relation to age while it is significantin relation to gender (p=0.01). The overall frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in IHD was62% with male predominance 66%, of sixty percent hyperhomocysteinemic individuals 41.9%had severe, 37.1% had intermediate and 21% had mild elevated homocysteine level (p=0.02).Conclusion: It was concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia was associated

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KHAN, HAMZULLAH. "RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASES." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 01 (March 10, 2009): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.01.2990.

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O b j e c t i v e s : To determine the frequency of rheumatic heart diseases in a hospital based study in Peshawar. D e s i g n : Across sectional observational. Setting: Cardiology department, Lady-Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: From July 2005 to July 2006.M e t h o d : Relevant in formations were recorded from patients and treatment chart of the patients, on a questionnaire designed in accordancewith the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 88 patients with established diagnosis of rheumatic hear diseases (RHD) were randomlyselected. Out of total 70.45% were females and 29.54% males, with males to females ratio of 1:2.38. The age range of the patients wasfrom 8 years to 64 years with mean age of 47 years. The mode of age was 35 years. The frequency of rheumatic heart diseases was: MitralStenosis 13.63%, Mitral Regurgitation 60.22%, Mitral Stenosis /Mitral Regurgitation 21.59%, Aortic Stenosis/Aortic Regurgitation 2.27%,Aortic Stenosis 1.13% and Tricuspid Valve Stenosis 1.13%. We observed that RHD were more common in lower social class people(42.04%) with income less than 5000/month. C o n c l u s i o n : In our setup RHD are more common in female gender and especially in theyounger age, Mitral Stenosis was recorded as major type of RHD in our patients.

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Patnaik, Amar. "Structural Heart Diseases during Pregnancy: Part 1—Valvular Heart Diseases." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 03, no. 02/03 (August 2018): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676549.

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AbstractIt is estimated that about 3% pregnancies can have cardiac disease. There is wide variation in the spectrum of heart diseases. Pregnant women in India and other developing countries continue to show high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Pre-conception counseling based on a good echocardiographic evaluation is the most cost-effective method to prevent morbidity and mortality due to valvular heart disease. With advances in medical science, many with valvular heart disease are living to adulthood and undergoing successful pregnancy. Symptoms of a pregnant woman with a valvular disease depend on the altered hemodynamics of the specific valvular lesion in combination with the physiologic changes inherent to the pregnancy itself. A good echocardiographic evaluation of all pregnant women on their first visit to an obstetrician’s office is an effective strategy to prevent morbidity and mortality from valvular heart diseases. In general, the regurgitant lesions are well tolerated during pregnancy and labor. Asymptomatic but significant valve lesions can be decompensated by many factors. Severely stenosed mitral and, sometimes, aortic valve may have to be balloon-dilated by trained experts in midterm taking due care to avoid excess radiation. Valve surgery is rarely performed in absence of any other safer option. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to manage a pregnant woman with significant cardiac lesion with high-risk features and patients having mechanical valves that require continuous anticoagulation.

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Ong, GYK, N. Ngiam, LP Tham, YH Mok, JSM Ong, KP Lee, S. Ganapathy, et al. "Singapore Paediatric Resuscitation Guidelines 2021." Singapore Medical Journal 62, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2021107.

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We present the 2021 Singapore Paediatric Resuscitation Guidelines. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation’s Pediatric Taskforce Consensus Statements on Science and Treatment Recommendations, which was published in October 2020, and the updated resuscitation guidelines from the American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council, were reviewed and discussed by the committee. These recommendations were derived after deliberation of peer-reviewed evidence updates on paediatric resuscitation and took into consideration the local setting and clinical practice.

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OOI, E. E., A. WILDER-SMITH, L. C. NG, and D. J. GUBLER. "The 2007 dengue outbreak in Singapore." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 7 (February 10, 2010): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000026.

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Yew, F. S., K. T. Goh, and Y. S. Lim. "Epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore." Epidemiology and Infection 110, no. 1 (February 1993): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050688.

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SUMMARYA total of 1452 cases of typhoid fever was notified in Singapore from 1980–9. The morbidity rates of indigenous cases showed a steady decline from 5.9 per 100000 population in 1980 to 1.2 per 100000 population in 1989. The mean case fatality was 0.8%. Children, adolescents and young adults were most susceptible to typhoid fever. There was no significant difference in morbidity rates between the major ethnic groups. The vast majority of indigenous cases were sporadic while outbreaks accounted for almost one third of them. Food was the main vehicle of transmission. The commonest indigenous phage types were B1, D1 and A. Antimicrobial resistance was infrequently seen. The proportion of imported cases rose from 32% in 1980 to 72% in 1989. Almost half (48.5%) of all imported cases were local residents who contracted typhoid fever while travelling in endemic countries. As imported cases assume greater importance in the epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore, further drop in typhoid fever incidence would require reduction of travel-related cases through greater awareness of food hygiene and effective vaccination.

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Thirumoorthy, T., C. T. Lee, and K. B. Lim. "Epidemiology of infectious syphilis in Singapore." Sexually Transmitted Infections 62, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.62.2.75.

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Ng, Oon Tek, Vernon Lee, Kalisvar Marimuthu, Shawn Vasoo, Guanhao Chan, Raymond Tzer Pin Lin, and Yee Sin Leo. "A case of imported Monkeypox in Singapore." Lancet Infectious Diseases 19, no. 11 (November 2019): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30537-7.

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Senio, Kathryn. "Recent Singapore SARS case a laboratory accident." Lancet Infectious Diseases 3, no. 11 (November 2003): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00815-6.

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KONG, S. G., J. S. H. TAY, W. C. L. YIP, and S. O. CHAY. "Emotional and social effects of congenital heart disease in Singapore." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 22, no. 2 (May 1986): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00198.x.

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ONG, Shu-Fen, Pamela Pei-Mei FOONG, Juanna Shen-Hwei SEAH, Lavanya ELANGOVAN, and Wenru WANG. "Learning Needs of Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure in Singapore." Journal of Nursing Research 26, no. 4 (August 2018): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000239.

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39

Picco, Louisa, Mythily Subramaniam, Edimansyah Abdin, Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar, and Siow Ann Chong. "Prevalence and correlates of heart disease among adults in Singapore." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 19 (February 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2015.12.005.

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Pearce, Fiona, Liang Lin, and Kwong Ng. "PP154 Funding Of Treatments For Rare Diseases In Singapore." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (December 2020): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320001312.

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IntroductionA national multi-stakeholder charity fund has been established in Singapore to provide targeted support to patients with rare genetic diseases whose treatment costs remain unaffordable despite government subsidies and insurance. This presentation will provide an overview of the evaluation, price-setting, and stakeholder engagement processes established to inform the first list of drugs eligible for funding under the Rare Disease Fund (RDF).MethodsThe local prevalence of “rare” and “ultra-rare” conditions was defined in line with international rates (≤4 in 10,000 and <2 in 50,000, respectively) to facilitate an analysis of the rare disease landscape in Singapore, and to identify patients most likely to benefit from the RDF. Public healthcare institutions proposed drugs for consideration, which underwent technical evaluation and were then assessed in line with eligibility criteria by an expert clinical group and prioritized by decision makers for funding.ResultsThe number of patients with select rare diseases in Singapore was lower than global estimates contextualized to the local setting. Supporting clinical evidence, funding decisions from overseas health technology assessment agencies, reference pricing considerations, and local budget impact analyses informed the first tranche of drugs (n = 5) recommended. Extensive engagement with pharmaceutical companies was needed to negotiate fair drug prices relative to overseas countries. Additional treatments will be included in the RDF once sufficient funds are raised.ConclusionsAs the evaluation process evolves, wider considerations of disease and treatment experiences from a multi-stakeholder standpoint should be included to inform RDF listings. There is also a need to balance the sustainability of the fund in the longer term with the number of emerging treatments that may require coverage in the future.

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Lim, John Wah, David Koh, Judy Sng Gek Khim, Giang Vinh Le, and Ken Takahashi. "Preventive Measures to Eliminate Asbestos-Related Diseases in Singapore." Safety and Health at Work 2, no. 3 (September 2011): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5491/shaw.2011.2.3.201.

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Singh, Gurpal, Lingaraj Krishna, and Shamal Das De. "The Ten-Year Pattern of Hip Diseases in Singapore." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 18, no. 3 (December 2010): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/230949901001800303.

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43

Naschitz, Jochanan E., Gleb Slobodin, Roger J. Lewis, Elimelech Zuckerman, and Daniel Yeshurun. "Heart diseases affecting the liver and liver diseases affecting the heart." American Heart Journal 140, no. 1 (July 2000): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2000.107177.

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Lim, Poh-Lian, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Shawn Vasoo, and Jonathan Yang. "Imported Human Babesiosis, Singapore, 2018." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 4 (April 2020): 826–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2604.200025.

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Koh, Tse H., Delphine Cao, Nancy W. S. Tee, and Jeanette W. P. Teo. "Escherichia coli withblaIMP-8in Singapore." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 1 (October 21, 2013): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01754-13.

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46

Gould, E. A. "Dengue in Singapore." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, no. 5 (September 1998): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90928-2.

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Biswas, A., SKY Ho, WY Yip, KBA Kader, JY Kong, KTT Ee, VR Baral, A. Chinnadurai, BH Quek, and CL Yeo. "Singapore Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines 2021." Singapore Medical Journal 62, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2021110.

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Neonatal resuscitation is a coordinated, team-based series of timed sequential steps that focuses on a transitional physiology to improve perinatal and neonatal outcomes. The practice of neonatal resuscitation has evolved over time and continues to be shaped by emerging evidence as well as key opinions. We present the revised Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines for Singapore 2021. The recommendations from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Neonatal Task Force Consensus on Science and Treatment Recommendations (2020) and guidelines from the American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council were compared with existing guidelines. The recommendations of the Neonatal Subgroup of the Singapore Resuscitation and First Aid Council were derived after the work group discussed and appraised the current available evidence and their applicability to local clinical practice.

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Thirumoorthy, T., E. H. Sng, S. Doraisingham, A. E. Ling, K. B. Lim, and C. T. Lee. "Purulent penile ulcers of patients in Singapore." Sexually Transmitted Infections 62, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.62.4.253.

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Chang, Kwan S. "Genetics in heart diseases." Yonsei Medical Journal 30, no. 3 (1989): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1989.30.3.201.

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Horton, Richard. "Attacks on heart diseases." Lancet 342, no. 8882 (November 1993): 1291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92375-4.

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