Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heart cells Molecular aspects

Academic literature on the topic 'Heart cells Molecular aspects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Heart cells Molecular aspects"

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Shlyakhto, Е. V. "MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF HEART FAILURE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 67, no. 1 (January 22, 2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v67i1.107.

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This article deals with peculiarities of development and clinical course of heart failure (HF) in diabetic patients, influence of diabetic cardiopathy on HF formation., role of genetic predictors of diabetes mellitus (DM) and HF formation, also the importance of treatment response predictors, the significance of a more «personalized» exposure in order to optimize treatment. The role of stationary and dynamic genomics was analyzed,especially molecular visualization that allows the earliest possible intervention. The article also includes examples of molecular visualization use in diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction, disease monitoring, and treatment efficacy assessment. Authors give an analysis of targeted treatment methods on the example of targeted delivery of medications to the target-organ (myocard). Discuss means of anti-ischemic myocardial protection, perspectives of metformin use in order to enhance efficacy of myocardial ischemic pre- and postconditioning mechanisms. Presented perspectives of study of molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HF in diabetic patients, in particular, study of key biological features of stem cells, cell interactions, stem cell plasticity (in vitro direction of differentiation) and their paracrine function evaluation. Given information about identification of genes with partly altered expression due to chronic exposure of mesenchymal stem cells to the high concentration of glucose, and upon decreased ability of mesenchymal stem cells of proangiogenic factors with simultaneous increase of inflammatory markers production (IL8). In whole this article reviews modern state of HF in diabetic patients development mechanisms study with the use of molecular and genetic technologies, and of perspectives of development of this area.
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Łój, Magdalena, Magdalena Garncarz, and Michał Jank. "Genomic and genetic aspects of heart failure in dogs — A review." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2012.002.

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The most common causes of heart failure in dogs are valvular disease, predominantly endocardiosis, and myocardial disease, predominantly dilated cardiomyopathy. They are related to changes in the expression of several genes in the heart muscle and in peripheral blood nuclear cells which could be considered as prognostic or diagnostic markers of heart disease in dogs. Since many human genetic markers of heart failure have turned out to be useless in dogs, the screening for genomic markers of canine heart failure could give more insight into the molecular pathology of these diseases and aid the development of new treatment strategies.
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Takemura, Genzou, and Hisayoshi Fujiwara. "Morphological aspects of apoptosis in heart diseases." Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 2006): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00291.x.

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Kostyunin, A. E. "Molecular aspects of the pathological activation and differentiation of valvular interstitial cells during the development of calcific aortic stenosis." Siberian Medical Journal 34, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2019-34-3-66-72.

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Calcific aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and resembles the atherosclerotic process in the blood vessels. It is known that valvular interstitial cell activation and subsequent differentiation into osteoblast- and myofibroblast-like cells is the main driving force of fibrous and calcified aortic valve tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these processes are still not fully understood. Current information on this issue is collected and analyzed in this article. The main molecular pathways mediating the pathological differentiation of the valvular interstitial cells and the reasons for their activation are considered.
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Zhou, Yiqiu. "Excitation Contraction Coupling in Hypertrophy and Failing Heart Cells." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127103008.

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The contraction of the heart is dependent on a process named the excitation-contraction coupling (E-C coupling). In hypertrophy and failing heart models, the expression, phosphorylation and function of key calcium handling proteins involved in E-C coupling are altered. It’s important to figure out the relationship changes between calcium channel activity and calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This review will therefore focus on novel components of E-C coupling dysfunction in hypertrophy and failing heart, such as L-type Ca2+ channel (LCC), ryanodine receptor type-2 channel (RyR2) and SR Ca ATPase (SERCA), and how these molecular modifications altered excitation-contraction coupling. A lot of literature was well read and sorted. Recent findings in E-C coupling during hypertrophy and heart failure were focused on. Most importantly, the electrophysiological and signal pathway data was carefully analyzed. This review summarizes key principles and highlights novel aspects of E-C coupling changes during hypertrophy and heart failure models. Although LCC activity changed little, the loss of notch in action potential, reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and desynchronized Ca2+ sparks resulted in a decreased contraction strength in hypertrophy and heart failure models. What’s more, L-type Ca2+ current becomes ineffective in triggering RyR2 Ca2+ release from SR and the SR uptake is reduced in some models. It has great meanings in understanding the E-C coupling changes during different heart diseases. Theses novel changes suggest potential therapeutic approaches for certain types of hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Drakhlis, Lika, Santoshi Biswanath, Clara-Milena Farr, Victoria Lupanow, Jana Teske, Katharina Ritzenhoff, Annika Franke, et al. "Human heart-forming organoids recapitulate early heart and foregut development." Nature Biotechnology 39, no. 6 (February 8, 2021): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00815-9.

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AbstractOrganoid models of early tissue development have been produced for the intestine, brain, kidney and other organs, but similar approaches for the heart have been lacking. Here we generate complex, highly structured, three-dimensional heart-forming organoids (HFOs) by embedding human pluripotent stem cell aggregates in Matrigel followed by directed cardiac differentiation via biphasic WNT pathway modulation with small molecules. HFOs are composed of a myocardial layer lined by endocardial-like cells and surrounded by septum-transversum-like anlagen; they further contain spatially and molecularly distinct anterior versus posterior foregut endoderm tissues and a vascular network. The architecture of HFOs closely resembles aspects of early native heart anlagen before heart tube formation, which is known to require an interplay with foregut endoderm development. We apply HFOs to study genetic defects in vitro by demonstrating that NKX2.5-knockout HFOs show a phenotype reminiscent of cardiac malformations previously observed in transgenic mice.
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Currie, R. William, and Robert M. Tanguay. "Analysis of RNA for transcripts for catalase and SP71 in rat hearts after in vivo hyperthermia." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 69, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1991): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o91-057.

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Hyperthermic stress induces synthesis of the major inducible (heat) stress protein (SP71) in all rat tissues. In addition, there is an increase in catalase activity in hearts at 24 and 48 h after the induction of the heat shock response. To more precisely define some of the molecular aspects of the induction of the heat shock response in hearts, we examined mRNA levels for the catalase, SP71 and HSP27. RNA was isolated from control hearts and at various time periods (0–24 h) of recovery after brief hyperthermic treatment and was analyzed by Northern blot analysis using as probes cDNA sequences for rat liver catalase, human HSP70 (inducible), and human HSP27. There was no detectable change in mRNA for catalase after heat shock or during recovery. Hyperthermic stress has no apparent effect on the regulation of transcription of mRNA coding for catalase, indicating that the increase in catalase activity is either translationally or post-translationally regulated. The human HSP70 cDNA did not hybridize to control heart RNA, but did hybridize to SP71 transcripts at 0, 1.5, and 3 h post heat shock. The mRNA level for SP71 peaked at 1.5 h, was reduced at 3 h, and became almost undetectable at 6 h post heat shock. Similarly, the human HSP27 cDNA did not hybridize to control heart RNA, but did hybridize to transcripts for HSP27 at 0, 1.5, 3, and up to 15 h post heat shock. Maximal signal for HSP27 was at 3 h post heat shock and was sharply reduced at 6 h post heat shock. The accumulation of transcripts for SP71 and HSP27 after hyperthermic stress is rapid, and degradation of the transcripts is almost complete by 6 h post heat shock.Key words: heat shock proteins, hyperthermia, catalase, heart, RNA.
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Lu, Pengfei, Mladen Veletić, Jacob Bergsland, and Ilangko Balasingham. "Theoretical Aspects of Resting-State Cardiomyocyte Communication for Multi-Nodal Nano-Actuator Pacemakers." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102792.

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The heart consists of billions of cardiac muscle cells—cardiomyocytes—that work in a coordinated fashion to supply oxygen and nutrients to the body. Inter-connected specialized cardiomyocytes form signaling channels through which the electrical signals are propagated throughout the heart, controlling the heart’s beat to beat function of the other cardiac cells. In this paper, we study to what extent it is possible to use ordinary cardiomyocytes as communication channels between components of a recently proposed multi-nodal leadless pacemaker, to transmit data encoded in subthreshold membrane potentials. We analyze signal propagation in the cardiac infrastructure considering noise in the communication channel by performing numerical simulations based on the Luo-Rudy computational model. The Luo-Rudy model is an action potential model but describes the potential changes with time including membrane potential and action potential stages, separated by the thresholding mechanism. Demonstrating system performance, we show that cardiomyocytes can be used to establish an artificial communication system where data are reliably transmitted between 10 s of cells. The proposed subthreshold cardiac communication lays the foundation for a new intra-cardiac communication technique.
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Savi, Monia, Leonardo Bocchi, Stefano Rossi, Caterina Frati, Gallia Graiani, Costanza Lagrasta, Michele Miragoli, et al. "Antiarrhythmic effect of growth factor-supplemented cardiac progenitor cells in chronic infarcted heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 310, no. 11 (June 1, 2016): H1622—H1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00035.2015.

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c-Kitpos cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a successful approach in healing the infarcted heart and rescuing its mechanical function, but electrophysiological consequences are uncertain. CPC mobilization promoted by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and IGF-1 improved electrogenesis in myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that locally delivered CPCs supplemented with HGF + IGF-1 (GFs) can concur in ameliorating electrical stability of the regenerated heart. Adult male Wistar rats (139 rats) with 4-wk-old MI or sham conditions were randomized to receive intramyocardial injection of GFs, CPCs, CPCs + GFs, or vehicle (V). Enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged CPCs were used for cell tracking. Vulnerability to stress-induced arrhythmia was assessed by telemetry-ECG. Basic cardiac electrophysiological properties were examined by epicardial multiple-lead recording. Hemodynamic function was measured invasively. Hearts were subjected to anatomical, morphometric, immunohistochemical, and molecular biology analyses. Compared with V and at variance with individual CPCs, CPCs + GFs approximately halved arrhythmias in all animals, restoring cardiac anisotropy toward sham values. GFs alone reduced arrhythmias by less than CPCs + GFs, prolonging ventricular refractoriness without affecting conduction velocity. Concomitantly, CPCs + GFs reactivated the expression levels of Connexin-43 and Connexin-40 as well as channel proteins of key depolarizing and repolarizing ion currents differently than sole GFs. Mechanical function and anatomical remodeling were equally improved by all regenerative treatments, thus exhibiting a divergent behavior relative to electrical aspects. Conclusively, we provided evidence of distinctive antiarrhythmic action of locally injected GF-supplemented CPCs, likely attributable to retrieval of Connexin-43, Connexin-40, and Cav1.2 expression, favoring intercellular coupling and spread of excitation in mended heart.
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Lisy, Milan, Guenay Kalender, Katja Schenke-Layland, Kelvin G. M. Brockbank, Anna Biermann, and Ulrich Alfred Stock. "Allograft Heart Valves: Current Aspects and Future Applications." Biopreservation and Biobanking 15, no. 2 (April 2017): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bio.2016.0070.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heart cells Molecular aspects"

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Huang, Zheng. "Molecular physiology of Cl.ir [sic] channels in the heart." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3312252.

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Kojima, Kiyohide. "Molecular Aspects of the Plasma Membrane in Tumor Cells." 名古屋大学医学部, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6164.

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Carlsson, Lennart. "Aspects of interferon alpha signalling in hematopoetic cells." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-318.

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Makubalo, Zola. "Mutation screening of candidate genes and the development of polymorphic markers residing on chromosome 19q13.3, the progressive familial heart block I gene search area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51838.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Progressive familial heart block type I (PFHBI) is a cardiac ventricular conduction disorder of unknown cause associated with risk of sudden death, which has been described in several South African families. Clinically, PFHBI is characterised by right bundle branch block on ECG, which may progress to complete heart block, necessitating pacemaker implantation. The disease shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with evidence of genetic anticipation. Using genetic linkage analysis, the PFHBI-causative gene was mapped to a 10 eentimorgan (cM) gene-rich area of chromosome (C) 19q13.3, which has, subsequently, been reduced to 7cM by fine mapping with polymorphic dinucleotide (CA)n short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Several attractive candidate genes, including muscle glycogen synthase (GSY 1) and histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC), lie within this region. The aim of the present study was two-fold: 1) to identify and characterise tetranucleotide (AAAT)n STRs within the PFHBI critical region that could be developed as polymorphic markers for use in genetic fine mapping and 2) to screen selected regions of GSY 1and HRC, positional candidate genes, for the presence ofPFHBI-causing mutation(s). Cosmids harbouring CI9q13.3 insert DNA were screened for the presence of (AAAT)n STRs by dot blot and Southern blot hybridisation using a radiolabelled (AAAT)lO oligonucleotide probe. To characterise the harboured (AAAT)n STRs, the positively hybridising fragments identified by Southern blot were sub-cloned, sequenced and primers designed from the unique repeat-flanking sequences. These primers were used to genotype the (AAAT)n repeat locus to assess its polymorphic nature in a panel of unrelated individuals. Alternatively, vectorette PCR, a rapid method of identifying repeat sequences and obtaining the flanking sequences in large inserts, was employed to develop polymorphic markers from the positively hybridising clones. Selected exons of GSY1 and HRC were screened for the presence of potentially disease-causing mutations by PCR-SSCP analysis and direct sequencing, respectively, in PFHBI-affected and unaffected family members. Of the available cosmid clones that gave strong signals on dot blot and Southern blot hybridisation, three, 29395, 24493 and 20381, were located within the critical PFHBI area and were used for marker development. An interrupted (AAAT)n repeat motif (n less than 5) was identified in cosmid 29395, however, the repeat locus was not polymorphic in the tested population. No (AAAT)n motif, single or repeated was observed in the partial sequence of the sub-cloned fragment of cosmid 24493. Using vectorette peR, no repeated (AAAT)n motif was identified on sequencing the generated products in either cosmid 24493 or 2038l. However, diffuse single AAAT motifs were detected in both cosmids. Exons 4, 5, 11, 12 and 16 of GSY 1, containing domains that are conserved across species, and the conserved eterminus- encoding exons 2-6 of HRC were selected for screening for potential PFHBI-causing mutation(s). However, no sequence variations were detected. The interrupted (AAAT)n repeat identified in cosmid 29395 was not polymorphic, which confirmed reports that complex repeats, especially those containing AAAT motifs of less than 6 repeats, are not polymorphic. One possible explanation for the absence of a repeated AAAT motif in cosmids 24493 and 20381, which both gave positive hybridisation signals, is that the low annealing temperature of the AfT -rich repeat-anchored primers used in vectorette peR may have resulted in transient annealing to the diffuse single AAAT motifs detected on sequencing. The screened regions of candidate genes GSYI and HRC were excluded from carrying the disease-causing mutation(s). The availability of new sequence data generated by the Human Genome Project will influence future strategies to identify the PFHBI gene. Electronic searches will allow identification of STR sequences for development of polymorphic markers and gene annotation will allow selection of new candidate genes for mutation screening.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir opsomming
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Dormans-Linssen, Maria Caroline Jacqueline Gerarda. "Cells of adult rat heart isolation, characterization and some aspects of fatty acid metabolism /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5959.

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Dahlenborg, Katarina. "Celluar and molecular aspects of the germinal center reaction." Lund : Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945013.html.

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Cheng, Yin-wo, and 鄭燕和. "Molecular basis for the increased osteoblast activity in a mouse modelwith hyperostosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B34612981.

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Lee, Yuk-kwan Mary, and 李玉筠. "Molecular changes in regenerated and senescent cultured endothelial cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38765512.

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Zhian, Samaneh. "Molecular Genetic Analysis of CRELD1 in Patients with Heterotaxy Disorder." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/410.

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Heterotaxy refers to the abnormal arrangement of internal organs in relation to each other. Model organism studies have shown that functions of more than eighty genes are required for normal asymmetric left-right organ development. CRELD1 has been shown to be necessary for proper heart development and mutations in CRELD1 are known to increase risk of cardiac atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). AVSD is the most common form of heart defect associated with heterotaxy, and we have previously shown that some individuals with heterotaxy-related AVSD have mutations in CRELD1. Therefore, we propose to examine the CRELD1 gene in a large sample of patients with heterotaxy syndrome. Our goal was to determine if mutations in CRELD1 are associated with other manifestations of heterotaxy or if they only coincide with AVSD. To achieve this aim, a sample size of 126 patients with heterotaxy collected by Dr. Belmont, Baylor college of Medicine, Texas, with approximately 66% of the heterotaxy population with different types of heart defects, were used for this study. Ten exons, promoter regions, and regulatory elements in the introns of CRELD1 gene were sequenced and analyzed. In this study three different heterozygous missense mutations in CRELD1 were identified in three unrelated individuals. These three individuals were diagnosed with different forms of heart defects in addition to AVSD. All three mutations were identified in highly conserved regions of CRELD1 possibly altering the CRELD1 properties. This demonstrates that mutations in CRELD1 may increase the susceptibility of AVSD in heterotaxy population. This information can help us to find factors effecting disease susceptibility in heterotaxy patients since the heart defects are a complex trait with incomplete penetrance.
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Powell, Alexander. "Molecules, cells and minds : aspects of bioscientific explanation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/95416.

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In this thesis I examine a number of topics that bear on explanation and understanding in molecular and cell biology, in order to shed new light on explanatory practice in those areas and to find novel angles from which to approach relevant philosophical debates. The topics I look at include mechanism, emergence, cellular complexity, and the informational role of the genome. I develop a perspective that stresses the intimacy of the relations between ontology and epistemology. Whether a phenomenon looks mechanistic, or complex, or indeed emergent, is largely an epistemic matter, yet has an objective basis in features of the world. After reviewing several concepts of mechanism I consider the influential recent account of Machamer, Darden and Craver (MDC). That account makes interesting proposals concerning the relationship between mechanistic explanation and intelligibility, which are consistent with the results of the investigation I undertake into the science surrounding protein folding. In relation to a number of other issues pertaining to biological systems I conclude that the MDC account is insufficiently nuanced, however, leading me to outline an alternative approach to mechanism. This emphasizes the importance of structure—function relations and addresses issues raised by reflection on the nature of cellular complexity. These include the distinction between structure and process and the different possible bases on which system organization may be maintained. The account I give of emergence construes the phenomenon in terms of psychological deficit: phenomena are emergent when we lack the capacity to trace through and model their causal structures using our cognitive schemas. I conclude by developing these ideas into a preliminary and partial account of explanation and understanding. This aspires to cover the significant fraction of work in molecular and cell biology that correlates biological structures, processes and functions by visualizing phenomena and making them imaginable.
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Books on the topic "Heart cells Molecular aspects"

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Mizukami, Yoichi, and Tomoko Ohkusa. Molecular mechanisms of heart diseases, 2005. Kerala, India: Research Signpost, 2005.

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Garrett, R. Molecular aspects of cell biology. Fort Worth: Saunders College Pub., 1995.

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R, Harris James, ed. Erythroid cells. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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H, Kim Steve, ed. Molecular genetics in surgical oncology. Austin: R.G. Landes, 1994.

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Cancer stem cells in solid tumors. New York: Humana Press, 2011.

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John, Beardall, ed. Molecular activities of plant cells: An introduction to plant biochemistry. Oxford [England]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991.

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Baker, Matthew Paul. Functional and molecular aspects of CD40 signalling in human B cells. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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Sugi, Haruo. Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility: Molecular and Cellular Aspects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992.

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International Symposium on Recent Advances of Chemistry and Molecular Biology in Cancer Research (1991 Beijing, China). Recent advances of chemistry and molecular biology in cancer research: International Symposium on Recent Advances of Chemistry and Molecular Biology in Cancer Research held in Beijing/China, July 23rd-26th, 1991. Beijing: Science Press, 1993.

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Gan zōshoku to akuseika no bunshi kikō. Kyōto-shi: Kagaku Dōjin, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heart cells Molecular aspects"

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Kapetanaki, Maria G., Ana L. Mora, and Mauricio Rojas. "Aging Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Lung Disease." In Molecular Aspects of Aging, 159–71. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118396292.ch12.

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Saubermann, L. J., and R. S. Blumberg. "Molecular immunology of mucosal T cells." In Immunological Aspects of Gastroenterology, 75–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0790-0_4.

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Wachowiak, Jacek. "Allogeneic Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells." In Molecular Aspects of Hematologic Malignancies, 217–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29467-9_13.

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Shiojima, Ichiro, Issei Komuro, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Ryozo Nagai, and Yoshio Yazaki. "Molecular Aspects of the Control of Myocardial Relaxation." In Diastolic Relaxation of the Heart, 25–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2594-3_4.

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Dawidowska, Małgorzata, Katarzyna Guz, Ewa Brojer, Jacek Wachowiak, and Michał Witt. "Chimerism Following Allogeneic Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells." In Molecular Aspects of Hematologic Malignancies, 255–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29467-9_15.

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Garnier-Suillerot, A., F. Frezard, and J. Tarasiuk. "Resistance to Anthracyclines in Multidrug Resistant Cells. Role of the Membrane Transport." In Molecular Aspects of Chemotherapy, 105–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02740-0_6.

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Aktan, Tahsin Murad, Selcuk Duman, and Bulent Cihantimur. "Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Adipose Tissue." In Adipose Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20012-0_1.

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Bean, Bruce P., Charles J. Cohen, Rosemarie C. Tan, and Richard W. Tsien. "Lidocaine Block of Sodium Channels in Heart Cells." In Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Anesthetics, 203–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5033-0_17.

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Rathi, Satyajeet S., Praveen Bhugra, and Naranjan S. Dhalla. "Molecular and Pharmacological Aspects of the Developing Heart." In Progress in Experimental Cardiology, 239–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0967-7_18.

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Smyth, R. L., T. W. Higenbottam, J. P. Scott, and J. Wallwork. "The Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Heart-Lung Transplant Recipients." In Molecular Aspects of Human Cytomegalovirus Diseases, 205–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84850-6_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heart cells Molecular aspects"

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JUNEJO, AR, Nauman Ullah Gilal, and Xiang Li. "Molecular Diagnosis: And using Ubiquitous Transcription Factor and MAPK to Recover Thyroid Cells of Hyperthyroidism and Heart." In 2021 11th International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icist52614.2021.9440612.

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Wu, Changfu, Tieluo Li, Kinjal Savai, Bartley P. Griffith, and Zhongjun J. Wu. "Strain Mapping of LV Myocardium and its Correlation With Activation of Apoptotic Molecular Pathways Post Infarction." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193133.

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The American Heart Association reported that in 2004 alone, myocardial infarction (MI) related mortality rate was as high as 38% among the 1.2 million reported MI cases [1]. After an MI, the self-repair capability of the infarcted heart is limited. As a result, the heart undergoes a remodeling process, characterized by progressive weakening of contractile function. It is believed that increased left ventricular (LV) loading to survival myocytes post-MI activates the apoptotic pathways in the cells, leading to progressive loss of cardiomyocytes.
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Shin, Daehwan, John Schmitz, Tim Lee, and Kyriacos Athanasiou. "Substrate Effects on the Intrinsic Mechanical Properties of Individual Cells." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0285.

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Abstract Cells interact with specific molecular components of the extracellular matrix via cell surface receptors [1]. The principal cell surface receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix interactions are termed integrins [2, 3]. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that interact with several intracellular proteins, including elements of the cytoskeleton by cytoplasmic domains. Therefore, integrins serve as a molecular linkage between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Some investigators have suggested that many of these vital cellular activities are regulated, at least in part, by intercellular and intracellular forces that are generated by a continuous molecular connection that includes components of the extracellular matrix, integrins, and cytoskeletal elements (i.e., f-actin, microtubules). It is believed that individual cells “sense” and generate forces transmitted through the extracellular environment by these intricate linkages [4]. Furthermore, this linkage, referred to as the “extended cytoskeleton,” could provide a mechanical signaling mechanism that may underlie many vital cellular activities, including gene expression. It is apparent that the physical properties of a cell may also be affected by this mechanism. Thus, cells grown on different extracellular matrix substrates should be expected to vary their cytoskeletal architecture and have concomitant changes in their biomechanical properties. The objectives of this study were 1) to obtain the intrinsic material properties of the individual cell as a function of the type of substrate matrix and therefore, 2) to investigate fundamental aspects of the response mechanism of individual cells to alterations in their biophysical environment.
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Lopez, J. A., D. W. Chung, K. Fujikawa, F. S. Hagen, T. Papavannopoulou, and G. J. Roth. "MOLECULAR CLONING OF HUMAN PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN Ib." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642927.

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Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) mediates von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet adhesion and participates in the resulting platelet activation process. In the present investigation, the primary structure of human platelet GPIb was studied. GPIb and its proteolytic fragment glycocalicin were purified to near homogeneity from human platelets by affinity chromatography using wheat germ agglutinin and anti-GPIb monoclonal antibody (D. Nugent, University of Washington) coupled to Sepharose. GPIba chain, β chain, and glycocalicin were isolated, reduced and carboxymethylated, and then fragmented by trypsin and S. aureus V8 protease. Peptides were isolated by HPLC and subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. Approximately 200 amino acid residues were identified. Affinity purified rabbit antibodies directed against the a chain, the ft chain, and glycocalicin were prepared and shown to be monospecific by Western blot analysis. Total RNA was prepared from human erythroleukemia cells grown in the presence of phorbol acetate. Poly(A)+ RNA was selected and used to prepare a cDNA library in λgt11. The library was screened with [125]I-labeled polyclonal antibody to glycocalicin. The clone with the largest cDNA insert was sequenced and shown to code for amino acid sequences corresponding to those determined by Edman degradation of glycocalicin. The predicted amino acid sequence contains at least six tandem repeats of 24 amino acids that are highly homologous with 13 repeats present in leucine rich α2 glycoprotein of human plasma. Another region in the protein contains a second repeat rich in threonine and serine, which shows some homology to a 9 amino acid repeat in the connecting region of human factor V. This region is probably the major site of attachment of clusters of O-linked carbohydrate in GPIbα. These results indicate that human platelet glycoprotein Ibα has a multi-domain structure composed of a number of repetitive sequences. Supported in part by grants from the American Heart Association, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Veterans Administration, and National Institutes of Health.
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Zhang, Xu, and Yi Zhao. "Selective Electrical Stimulation of Adult Cardiomyocyte for Studying Intercellular Mechanical Transmission." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14753.

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Heart diseases rank the top among the leading causes of death in the United States, and account for nearly 40% of all deaths 1. As the most important component of heart muscle, cardiac myocytes are the basic units to generate contractile forces and regulate heart function. There are extensive molecular and electrophysiological studies suggesting that the defective intercellular communication in cardiac myocytes is an underlying cause of left ventricular dysfunction in several heart diseases 2,3. However, there are limited evidences in terms of mechanical contractility and electromechanical transmission, which are the direct measures of intercellular communication in myocardium. This is largely due to the lack of appropriate tools that can quantitatively assess the mechanical performance of adult cardiac myocytes. In this study, a microengineered device is developed for quantitative assessment of cardiac mechanical performance in isolated adult myocytes. This device is capable of applying electrical stimulation to selected cardiac myocytes, measuring mechanical force generation in single cells, and examining intercellular mechanical transmission in longitudinally connected doublets of adult cardiac myocytes.
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Ventura, Ignacio, Isaias Sanmartín, Ana Lloret, Francisco Revert, and Jesús Ángel Prieto. "La Biología Sintética; reto biotecnológico y bioético en las Ciencias de la Vida." In IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2020.2020.12013.

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Synthetic biology represents a scientific and bioethical challenge for the future, both at the environmental level, as well as in the human and other species improvement. Therefore, the work will mainly address two aspects. The synthesis in the laboratory of artificial cells for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical active principle and, on the other hand, the bioethical reflection on the potential of these techniques, noting the difference in the limits of the synthesis of life and creation of life. Currently, there are an estimated 1.7 million known species out of the estimated 14 million in the wild. In the last 10 years, more than 3,000 patents have been generated for genetically modified organisms. We have advanced in the fields of bioengineering for the improvement of beer-producing species, bakeries, etc. provide to the advancement of molecular biology.
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Chiu, W. K. S., A. V. Virkar, K. L. Reifsnider, F. Rabbi, and Q. Liu. "HeteroFoaMs: Electrode Modeling in Nano-Structured Heterogeneous Materials for Energy Systems." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54950.

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Heterogeneous Functional Materials, e.g., “HeteroFoaMs” are at the heart of countless energy systems, including (from left to right below) heat storage materials (a), batteries (b), solid oxide fuel cells (c), and polymer electrolyte fuel cells (d). HeteroFoaMs are generally nano-structured and porous to accommodate transport of gasses or fluids, and must be multi-functional (i.e., active operators on mass, momentum, energy or charge, in combinations). This paper will discuss several aspects of modeling the relationships between the constituents and microstructure of these material systems and their device functionalities. Technical advances based on these relationships will also be identified and discussed. Three major elements of the general problem of how to model HeteroFoaM electrodes will be addressed. Modeling approaches for ionic charge transfer with electrochemistry in the nano-structured porosity of the electrode will be discussed. Second, the effect of morphology and space charge on conduction through porous doped ceria particle assemblies, and their role in electrode processes will be modeled and described. And third, the effect of local heterogeneity and morphology on charge distributions and polarization in porous dielectric electrode materials will be analyzed using multi-physics field equations set on the details of local morphology. Several new analysis methods and results, as well as experimental data relating to these approaches will be presented. The value, capabilities, and limitations of the approaches will be evaluated.
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Mukherjee, Shiladitya, J. Vernon Cole, Kunal Jain, and Ashok Gidwani. "Water Management in PEM Fuel Cell: A Lattice-Boltzmann Modeling Approach." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85182.

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In Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), water management and the effective transport of water through the gas-diffusion-layer (GDL) are key issues for improved performance at high power density and for durability during freeze-thaw cycles. The diffusion layer is a thin (∼150–350μm), porous material typically composed of a web of carbon fibers and particles, and is usually coated with hydrophobic Teflon to remove the excess water through capillary action. In-situ diagnostics of water movement and gas-reactant transport through this thin opaque substrate is challenging. Numerical analyses are typically based on simplified assumptions, such as Darcy’s Law and Leverett functions for the capillary pressure. The objective of this work is to develop a high fidelity CFD modeling and analysis tool to capture the details of multiphase transport through the porous GDL. The tool can be utilized to evaluate GDL material design concepts and optimize systems based on the interactions between cell design, materials, and operating conditions. The flow modeling is based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). LBM is a powerful modeling tool to simulate multiphase flows. Its strength is in its kinetic theory based foundation, which provides a fundamental basis for incorporating intermolecular forces that lead to liquid-gas phase separation and capillary effects without resorting to expensive or ad-hoc interface reconstruction schemes. At the heart of the solution algorithm is a discrete form of the well-known Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for molecular distribution, tailored to recover the continuum Navier-Stokes flow. The solution advances by a streaming and collision type algorithm, mimicking actual molecular physics, which makes it suitable for porous media involving complex boundaries. We developed a numerical scheme to reconstruct various porous GDL microstructures including Teflon loading. Single and multiphase LBM models are implemented to compute permeability. Predicted values are in good agreement with measured data. The present modeling approach resolves the GDL microstructures and captures the influence of fiber orientation on permeability and the influence of Teflon loading on the development of preferential flow paths through the GDL. These observations can potentially guide the development of novel GDL materials designed for efficient removal of water.
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Reports on the topic "Heart cells Molecular aspects"

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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Bruce A. Webb. Potentiation of pest control by insect immunosuppression. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587236.bard.

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Our original aims were to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immunosuppressive insect virus, the Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) promotes replication of a well-characterized pathogenic virus, the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) in hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus replication. According to the BARD panels criticism we modified our short-term goals (see below). Thus, in this feasibility study (one-year funding) we aimed to show that: 1. S. littoralis larvae mount an immune response against a baculovirus infection. 2. Immunosuppression of an insect pest improves the ability of a viral pathogen (a baculovirus) to infect the pest. 3. S. littoralis cells constitute an efficient tool to study some aspects of the anti- viral immune response. We achieved the above objectives by: 1. Finding melanized viral foci upon following the baculoviral infection in S . littoralis larvae infected with a polyhedra - positive AcMNPV recombinant that expressed the GFP gene under the control of the Drosophila heat shock promoter. 2. Studying the effect of AcMNPV-infection in S . littoralis immunosuppressed by parasitation with the Braconidae wasp Chelonus inanitus that bears the CiV polydna virus, that resulted in higher susceptibility of S. littoralis to AcMNPV- infection. 3. Proving that S. littoralis hemocytes resist AcMNPV -infection. 4. Defining SL2 as a granulocyte-like cell line and demonstrating that as littoralis hemocytic cell line undergoes apoptosis upon AcMNPV -infection. 5. Showing that some of the recombinant AcMNPV expressing the immuno-suppressive polydna virus CsV- vankyrin genes inhibit baculoviral-induced lysis of SL2 cells. This information paves the way to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immuno- suppressive polydna insect viruses promote replication of pathogenic baculoviruses in lepidopteran hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus- replication by: - Assessing the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby the immunosuppressive viruses, CiV and CsV or their genes enhance AcMNPV replication in polydnavirus- immunosuppressed H. zea and S. littoralis insects and S. littoralis cells. - Identifying CiV and CsV genes involved in the above immunosuppression (e.g. inhibiting cellular encapsulation and disrupting humoral immunity). This study will provide insight to the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and improve our understanding of insect immunity. This knowledge is of fundamental importance to controlling insect vectored diseases of humans, animals and plants and essential to developing novel means for pest control (including baculoviruses) that strategically weaken insect defenses to improve pathogen (i.e. biocontrol agent) infection and virulence.
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Gafni, Yedidya, and Vitaly Citovsky. Inactivation of SGS3 as Molecular Basis for RNA Silencing Suppression by TYLCV V2. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593402.bard.

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The Israeli isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus(TYLCV-Is) is a major tomato pathogen, causing extensive crop losses in Israel and in the south-eastern U.S. Yet, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its interaction with tomato cells. One of the most interesting aspects of such interaction is how the invading virus counteracts the RNA silencing response of the plant. In the former BARD project, we have shown that TYLCV-Is V2 protein is an RNA silencing suppressor, and that this suppression is carried out via the interaction of V2 with the SGS3 component of the plant RNA silencing machinery. This reported project was meant to use our data as a foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which V2 affects the SGS3 activity. While this research is likely to have an important impact on our understanding of basic biology of virus-plant interactions and suppression of plant immunity, it also will have practical implications, helping to conceive novel strategies for crop resistance to TYLCV-Is. Our preliminary data in regard to V2 activities and our present knowledge of the SGS3 function suggest likely mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of V2 on SGS3. We have shown that V2 possess structural and functional hallmarks of an F-box protein, suggesting that it may target SGS3 for proteasomal degradation. SGS3 contains an RNA-binding domain and likely functions to protect the cleavage produces of the primary transcript for subsequent conversion to double-stranded forms; thus, V2 may simply block the RNA binding activity of SGS3. V2 may also employ a combination of these mechanisms. These and other possibilities were tested in this reported project.
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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
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Citovsky, Vitaly, and Yedidya Gafni. Suppression of RNA Silencing by TYLCV During Viral Infection. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592126.bard.

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The Israeli isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV-Is) is a major tomato pathogen, causing extensive (up to 100%) crop losses in Israel and in the south-eastern U.S. (e.g., Georgia, Florida). Surprisingly, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV-Is interactions with tomato cells. In the current BARD project, we have identified a TYLCV-Is protein, V2, which acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing, and showed that V2 interacts with the tomato (L. esculentum) member of the SGS3 (LeSGS3) protein family known to be involved in RNA silencing. This proposal will use our data as a foundation to study one of the most intriguing, yet poorly understood, aspects of TYLCV-Is interactions with its host plants – possible involvement of the host innate immune system, i.e., RNA silencing, in plant defense against TYLCV-Is and the molecular pathway(s) by which TYLCV-Is may counter this defense. Our project sought two objectives: I. Study of the roles of RNA silencing and its suppression by V2 in TYLCV-Is infection of tomato plants. II. Study of the mechanism by which V2 suppresses RNA silencing. Our research towards these goals has produced the following main achievements: • Identification and characterization of TYLCV V2 protein as a suppressor of RNA silencing. (#1 in the list of publications). • Characterization of the V2 protein as a cytoplasmic protein interacting with the plant protein SlSGS3 and localized mainly in specific, not yet identified, bodies. (#2 in the list of publications). • Development of new tools to study subcellular localization of interacting proteins (#3 in the list of publications). • Characterization of TYLCV V2 as a F-BOX protein and its possible role in target protein(s) degradation. • Characterization of TYLCV V2 interaction with a tomato cystein protease that acts as an anti-viral agent. These research findings provided significant insights into (I) the suppression of RNA silencing executed by the TYLCV V2 protein and (II) characterization some parts of the mechanism(s) involved in this suppression. The obtained knowledge will help to develop specific strategies to attenuate TYLCV infection, for example, by blocking the activity of the viral suppressor of gene silencing thus enabling the host cell silencing machinery combat the virus.
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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.

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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.
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Hackett, Wesley, Michael Raviv, Anath Das, Oded Reuveni, and Arie Gutman. Detecting Activity of Juvenile Phase-Specific Translocatable Substances that Influence Rooting Potential Using In Vitro Rooting Assays and Expression of a Specific Gene. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613038.bard.

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The objectives of the project for which substantial effort was put forth were to: 1) Verify the relationship between expression of a cDNA clone (HW103) and the rooting potential of reciprocally grafted cuttings of juvenile and mature lamina and petioles of Hedera helix L. 2) Detect rooting promoter fractions in exudates from the juvenile leaves of H. Helix by assaying for rooting with leaf petioles of juvenile and mature plants. 3) Isolate, purify and identify compounds which show activity in assays for rooting potential. Some objectives or aspects of the objectives of the original proposal were not pursued for the reasons put forth in the body of the report. The most significant findings of the project are: 1) The MS medium is a better medium than Romberg medium for performing the leaf petiole rooting assay. 2) HW103 gene expression is cell-type specific with higher levels of expression in mature than juvenile phase H. Helix petioles as evidenced by in situ hybridization which suggests a negative relationship between HW103 expression in specific cells involved in root initiation and the lack of rooting potential in mature petioles 3) HW103 gene expression may be lower in mature petioles which had been grafter to a juvenile H. Helix lamina than mature petioles that had been grafted to a mature lamina and this putative lower expression is related to formation of a higher number of roots. 4) HW103 gene expression is not related to auxin induced ethylene production. 5) Two distinct compounds that possess root initiation promoting activity can be detected mainly in diffusate of juvenile H. Helix leaves using mung bean hypocotyls and H. Helix leaf petioles in vitro. 6) H. Helix diffusate active fractions do not insistenlty promote rooting in avocado mini-cuttings. 7) Chemical identification of the active rooting compounds was not accomplished because of the death of Prof. Becker, one of the collaborators, and the resultant loss of his data. These results indicate that these may be a molecular basis for reduced rooting potential in mature H. Helix petioles and that there are diffusible (translocatable) compounds in juvenile H. Helix leaves which promote rooting in juvenile and mature H. Helix petioles and mung bean hypocotyls.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.

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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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