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1
Leslie, Deborah R. "Comparison of training target heart rate determined by percent maximal heart rate reserve and ventilatory threshold in adults." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935928.
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Exercising at an appropriate training intensity for individuals is important for improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has recommended that healthy adults exercise at an intensity of 60-80% maximal heart rate reserve (MHRR). The ventilatory threshold (VT) has also been recommended for use to determine intensity for exercise prescription. The purpose of this study was to compare the heart rate at the VT (VTHR) and at 60-80% MHRR. A secondary purpose was to determine the relationship, if any, between age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, percent body fat, resting heart rate, physical activity status (PAS), smoking history, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at 60 and 80% Hrmax and the difference between the VTHR and 60% MHRR. Subjects were 373 apparently healthy or high risk (as defined by ACSM, 2) individuals (209 men, 164 women), ages 19-77 (46.1+12.8 yr.), from the Ball State University Adult Physical Fitness Program who performed a maximal treadmill test between 1992-1994. VT was selected using a computerized V-slope method by the SensorMedics 2900TI Metabolic Measurement Cart. The VTHR (125.2+16.9) was significantly lower than the 60-80% MHRR (133.1+10.8 to 154.5+12.7) (p<0.05). Two hundred and sixty two subjects (70.1%) were below 60% MHRR and 3 subjects (0.8%) were above 80% MHRR at the VTHR. Multiple regression analysis explained 11.2% of the variance in the difference between the VTHR and 60% MHRR using RPE at 60% HR,,,, PAS, and smoking history. For the majority (70.2%) of the adults in this study, the VTHR falls below the traditional THR of 60-80% MHRR. The 60-80% MHRR would appear to be an appropriate exercise training intensity for cardiorespiratory benefit and therefore the %MHRR range alone would seem to be an adequate training intensity. Further study related to the VTHR is warranted to determine its application, if any, to exercise prescription intensity.School of Physical Education
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Howard, Lance M. "The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence as defined by the "Wilkoff index" in an apparently healthy self-referred adult population." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164834.
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Chronotropic incompetence (CI) has typically been assessed using maximal heart rate (MHR) achieved during a graded exercise test (GXT). Wilkoff et al recommended using a chronotropic/metabolic index (WI) consisting of the ratio between predicted maximal heart rate reserve (PMHRR) and metabolic reserve (MR) during submaximal exercise. Using a WI of <0.80 as evidence of CI, Lauer at al reported a prevalence of 14% for men and 12% for women within the Framingham cohort and indicated that the WI was independent of age, resting heart rate and exercise capacity (peak METS at 85% predicted MI-IR). However, the predicted heart rate for a given stage within the WI is based on a predicted (PMHR [220-age]) rather than measured MHR. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the WI, when calculated using MMHR would affect the prevalence of WI <0.80, and to assess whether the WI, when calculated using MIVIHR, is influenced by gender, age, RHR or aerobic capacity as measured by maximal oxygen uptake (V02 max). The sample included 522 self-referred adults (294 women, mean age 43 ± 11 years; 228 men, mean age 46 + 11 years) who completed a GXT test to volitional fatigue using the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol. Exclusion criteria were use of betablockers, history of myocardial infarction, peak respiratory exchange ratio <1.0, or GXT time <6.0 minutes. WI was assessed at the end of 6th minute of the GXT with a value <0.80 considered evidence of CI. The mean WI from both methods was (PMHR = 1.088 +-0.20 vs MMHR = 1.063 + 0.16 (<.0001), with a correlation of 0.807. The prevalence of WI <0.80 was 8.0% and 4.4% for the PMHR and MMHR methods, respectively, which are considerably lower than the 14% and 12% reported by Lauer et al. Multiple regression. analysis revealed that gender, age, resting heart rate and V02 max were significantly associated with WI when derived using either predicted or measured MHR, (<.0001), however these variables only accounted for 13.6% (PMHR) and 15.6% (MMHR) of the variance in the multiple regression models. In conclusion, these results suggest a rather low prevalence of CI (WI<0.80) in this self-referred, adult population and support the notion that the measure of WI is relatively independent of age, resting heart rate and gender but appears to be directly associated with V02 max.School of Physical Education
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Aphamis, Georgios. "Lactate and heart rate response during three 400-m training sessions." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31084.
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Ten trained male track athletes (VO2max = 64.7 ml·kg·min -1) performed three workouts (conditions) with repeated 400-m runs. The intensity and number of repetitions varied among conditions. Condition 1 consisted of two all-out 400-m runs. Condition 2 was 4 x 400-m runs with the first three reps performed 4 s slower than condition 1 and the 4 th rep was all-out. Condition 3 consisted of 8 x 400-m runs with the first seven reps performed 8 s slower than condition 1 and the 8th rep was all-out. Dependent variables were HR, blood lactate and run time for the final rep in each condition. Peak HRs for the last run were 201, 194, 189 beats·min-1 for conditions 1, 2 & 3 respectively, and were not significantly different. Blood lactate values measured 4 min after the last run were 16.6, 17.8 and 17.1 mmol·L -1 in conditions 1, 2 and 3 respectively, and were not significantly different. Run times for conditions 1 (55.2 s), 2 (56.9 s) and 3 (61.5 s) were significantly different (P < 0.05). The decline in performance was greatest in condition 3. The three conditions challenged the anaerobic system with similar peak values for lactate and heart rate during the final run.
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Yau, Chun-lim Anson, and 邱俊廉. "Heart rate responses and activity profiles during training and matchesin youth soccer athletes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014000.
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Peddie, David L. (David Lee). "Time-motion analysis and heart rate telemetry of ice hockey play." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22617.
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The purpose of this study was to measure the intensity and duration of ice hockey play for six university hockey players (three forwards and three defencemen) and to compare them with the results to a similar study published in 1976. Comparisons of heart rate output and time-motion characteristics between forwards and defencemen were examined as well as differences in intensity between practices and games. The players performed at significantly lower intensity, had less playing time per shift, and had less playing time per game than the players in the 1976 study. Both investigations had similar bench times between shifts. The forwards had significantly different time-motion characteristics from the defencemen but similar playing time intensity. The intensity of games was higher than practices in terms of on-ice intensity but similar in terms of total time above a threshold intensity ($ geq$ 70% of HRmax).
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Jacobson, Judy Rick. "Psychological and social effects of infant heart transplant on families." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/501.
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Jagoda, Allison M. "Prevalence of abnormal heart rate acceleration at the onset of exercise in an asymptomatmic, self-referred adult population." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1567413.
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Purpose: Little is known about the heart rate (HR) responses at the onset of exercise, at peak exercise, and recovery in apparently healthy men and women. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of abnormal HR acceleration at the onset of exercise, define the HR acceleration profile, determine if traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are associated with abnormal HR acceleration, and identify whether abnormal chronotropic responses cluster with abnormal HR acceleration in an asymptomatic, self-referred, adult population. Methods: A retrospective examination of a symptom-limited maximal treadmill test was performed for participants of a university-based fitness program between 1990 and 2006. Records were analyzed for various HR responses from individuals (N=947) of both sexes who represented a broad range of age and fitness levels (mean VO2: 32.9±9.4ml∙kg-1∙min-1). Abnormal HR acceleration at minute 1 and ⅓ total exercise time was defined as a HR increase from standing rest of ≤14 and ≤28 beats respectively. Results: The prevalence of abnormal HR acceleration at minute 1 and ⅓ total exercise time was 30.6% and 31.3% respectively. The mean HR increase
during the first minute and ⅓ total exercise time was 20.5 ± 10.3 and 33.7 ± 10.4 beats respectively. Abnormal accelerators had a significantly better CVD risk factor profile (lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, higher VO2, and higher percent of regular exercise) than normal accelerators, despite consisting of a greater percentage of current smokers. Lastly, abnormal HR acceleration showed higher prevalence with abnormal HR recovery than with chronotropic incompetence. Conclusions: In the present study cohort, a lower HR increase at the onset of exercise was associated with a better CVD risk factor profile but the same differences were not seen at ⅓ total exercise time.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Herzog, Chad D. "Hemodynamic responses per MET during the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1179130.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the association of age, gender, and cardiorespiratory fitness level upon normative heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses per MET during the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol. This research was delimited to 451 subjects, 201 men (mean age 46.5 ± 11.9 yrs) and 250 women (mean age 42.9 ± 11.4 yrs), low to moderate risk subjects. The majority of subjects were tested to enter the Ball State University Adult Physical Fitness Program. These subjects were tested using the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol between 1992 and 1998.Multiple regression showed gender had a positive association upon submaximal SBP values. Gender's association with heart rate was negative between minute 3-6 and positive between minute 6-9. Age only had an association upon submaximal heart rate, which was negative. Cardiorespiratory fitness had a negative association upon SBP between minute 6-9 and a negative association with heart rate between minute 3-6.SBP increased 6.6 ± 4.4 and 6.0 ± 4.2 mmHg/MET between minute 3-6 for men and women, respectively. Analysis of variance demonstrated gender was not statistically significant between minute 3-6. SBP increased 4.7 ± 3.1 and 3.8 + 2.7 mmHg/MET between minute 6-9 for men and women, respectively. Gender was statisticallysignificant between minute 6-9 (p<.05). Heart rate increased 8.5 + 2.3 and 10.7 + 3.3 bpm/MET between minute 3-6 for men and women, respectively. Analysis of variance demonstrated gender was statistically significant between minute 3-6 (p<.05). The increase was 9.5 + 2.3 and 9.2 + 2.7 bpm/MET between minute 6-9 for men and women, respectively. Gender was not statistically significant between minute 6-9.In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the normative hemodynamic responses during the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol are similar to submaximal normative data previously reported in the literature for incremental type protocols.School of Physical Education
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Nicholson, Suzanne Maria. "Uncertainty in cardiac transplant recipients prior to and after cardiac catheterization." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276609.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the presence of uncertainty experienced by heart transplant recipients at one and two year diagnostic follow-up evaluations. Twelve one year and eleven two year transplant recipients completed the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), prior to and after cardiac catheterization. There was a decrease in uncertainty levels from pre to post-catheterization, for both one and two year recipients, however, findings were not significant. Recipients prior experience with catheterization and the interaction effects of the complete evaluation process or future health status may have affected the subject's uncertainty response. Two year transplant recipients demonstrated significantly higher uncertaintly levels, before and after cardiac catheterization, when compared to one year recipients. These findings lend initial and tentative support to the proposal that uncertainty increases with time post-transplant. The yearly follow-up evaluation may represent an episodic focusing for the transplant recipient on health status.
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Gagnon, Marie-Claude. "Sympathovagal influences on heart rate and blood pressure variability in highly trained endurance athletes." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24080.
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The evidence for an increase in resting vagal tone to explain the lower heart rate of endurance athletes remains controversial. This study used spectral analysis of heart rate (HRV) and blood pressure (BPV) variability to examine the vagal and sympathovagal influences on the sinus node in 12 endurance-trained athletes (A) and 10 age and sex-matched control subjects (C) (age: 26(1.2) yrs; VO2max: A: 68.2(2.1) vs C: 41.4(2.0) ml/kg/min; p $<$ 0.05). Continuous ECG and BP recordings were obtained during supine rest, sitting, controlled respiration (12 breaths/min), standing, exercise at heart rates of 100 and 130 beats/min, and after 5 and 15 minutes of seated recovery. No differences were observed between A and C in the vagal or high frequency (HF) components (48.0(4.0) vs 44.2(6.9) nu), in the low frequency (LF) components (55.8(6.9) vs 52.0(4.0) nu), or in the LF/HF ratios (1.72(0.4) vs 1.22(0.2)) of the HRV spectral components at rest or other experimental conditions, despite the lower resting heart rates of the A (53.1(1.8) vs 65.1(2.1) beats/min; p $<$ 0.05). Standing and exercise decreased the HF components and increased the LF/HF ratios similarily in both the A and C, controlled respiration induced similar rises in the HF component of HRV. Despite a significantly higher systolic BP in athletes, no difference was observed between A and C in the HF or LF components of either systolic or diastolic BPV. Exercise induced an increase in the HF component of BPV which was associated with the rise in breathing frequency. These results indicate a similar sinoatrial sympathovagal balance in A and C suggesting that training-induced bradycardia could result from an adaptation in the intrinsic sinoatrial properties. Also, endurance training does not appear to influence the beat-to-beat BPV.
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Chatel, Daniel Mark 1957. "Quality of life following heart transplantation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277155.
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With improved survival following cardiac transplantation, attention has focused upon the quality of that survival and some of the variables that may impact quality of life. The present study objectively measured subjective aspects of quality of life in order to discover its pre- and postoperative predictors. Results indicate that immunosuppression following heart transplantation creates a significant number of complications and symptoms for the recipient and is significantly related to elevated levels of psychological distress, particularly depression and anxiety, and decreased self-esteem. These findings emphasize the importance of careful symptom evaluation and targeting of distressed patients for psychological intervention in clinical settings and underscore the importance of continued medical research to improve immunosuppression therapy. Descriptive statistics reveal a rather mixed picture of postoperative quality of life which may result from the difficult clinical reality in which heart transplant patients often trade one set of preoperative cardiac symptoms for another set of postoperative symptoms related to immunosuppression therapy.
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Wallin-Ruschman, Jennifer. "The Moving to the Beat Documentary and Hip-Hop Based Curriculum Guide: Youth Reactions and Resistance." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/192.
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Many of the academic and popular treatments of hip-hop overlook the complexity of the phenomenon. Hip-hop is often portrayed solely as a source of corruption and regressive tendencies or, alternatively, as a sort of savior for otherwise marginalized individuals and source of revolutionary power. This thesis situates hip-hop between these poles and draws out its progressive and regressive aspects for analysis. Considering its vast global influence and a growing body of academic literature, hip-hop has been notably understudied in the field of psychology. Alternatively, educational theorists and practitioners have realized the power of hip-hop in revisualizing an emancipatory education that fosters critical consciousness. This project goes beyond other hip-hop education projects in that it attends more directly to the psychological phenomenon of identity. As youth develop a strong connection to social and political identity and increase their level of critical consciousness (an additional goal of this and most other hip-hop based curriculums) they are more likely to participate and have the tools to be successful at actions aimed at progressive social change. This thesis grew out of a larger project titled Moving to the Beat, a community-based multi-media endeavor that includes both the Moving to the Beat documentary film and curriculum guide. The Moving to the Beat curriculum guide strives toward the goals of emancipatory education. The film and the curriculum guide stay near the experience of hip-hop identified youth while attempting to avoid generalizations and stereotypes. Further, the developments of the film, curriculum guide, and this thesis have been guided by academic literature from a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, cultural studies, and education. The thesis focuses on two primary questions: (1) How do youth engage the Moving to the Beat curriculum guide and documentary film? (2) Do the Moving to the Beat materials facilitate the development of critical consciousness and/or social identity in youth? Two primary waves of data collection were conducted to answer these questions. At each location, Moving to the Beat was shown and an outside facilitator guided youth through the curriculum discussions and activities that centered on identity. During these workshops, multiple sources of qualitative data were collected, including participant observations, interviews, student produced lyrics, and feedback forms. These sources of data pointed to six primary themes across locations and sources of data: traditional gender roles, "everyone is all equal", "you doing you", the new hip-hop generation, development and maturity, and youth resistance. This thesis represents the first assessment of the Moving to the Beat documentary and curriculum, the results of which will be used to alter the curriculum guide and prepare it for publication.
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Shaffer, Leigh Larsen. "NURSES' RESPONSE TO CARING FOR PATIENTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED A HEART TRANSPLANT." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276401.
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Abdul-Majid, Hariyati Shahrima. "Psychological aspects of recovery from coronary heart disease among patients in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843015/.
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The aim of this research was to identify psychological factors associated with outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) among patients in Malaysia. The research tested whether a model of psychological factors found to predict recovery from CHD in the West would be applicable in a collectivistic society such as Malaysia. Among the research questions posed were whether self-referent beliefs, coping styles and locus of control constructs would predict affective status for patients at the time of hospitalisation, and whether these psychological constructs would predict patients' affective status, functional status and quality of life up to nine months posthospitalisation. The research also looked at whether behavioural intentions assessed at the time of hospitalisation predict attendance at cardiac rehabilitation programmes (CRP) and the use of complementary medicine after hospital discharge. A series of studies were conducted to answer the research questions formulated based on the model developed for each study. Study 1 assessed the reliability and validity of measures developed in the West when used on a healthy Malaysian sample (N = 97). Study 2 examined the concurrent relationships among psychological variables assessed at the time of hospitalisation for 97 cardiac patients. Study 3 examined the longitudinal relationships among variables assessed in patients at the hospital and outcome variables assessed up to six months post-hospitalisation (n = 26). Study 4 (N = 77) determined the concurrent relationships among psychological variables assessed in posthospitalisation patients, and compared the psychological characteristics between posthospitalisation patients and the in-hospital patients in Study 2. A notable feature of the findings obtained from Studies 2, 3 and 4 was that whilst some psychological variables were predictive of outcome variables, others failed to support findings obtained in the West. Self-referent beliefs, for example, significantly predicted intention to attend CRP but did not significantly predict actual attendance. In addition, negative affect was relatively low for patients at in- and post-hospital assessments. Accordingly, Study 5 (N = 300) was conducted to explore possible origins of the lack of consistent findings of the studies on Malaysian cardiac samples. It assessed perceptions of illness constructs in healthy individuals. The findings of this study revealed that perceptions of illness constructs were predictive of healthful behaviors. The findings also revealed the importance of looking at specific cultural factors such as spiritual beliefs in explaining treatment-seeking behaviours in non-Western societies such as Malaysia. In conclusion, the findings of this research project highlighted the importance of studying health and illness-related behaviors within the socio-cultural contexts in which the illness occurs. Although models developed in the West may be applicable in these non-Western, collectivistic societies, the constructs assessed may not be sufficient in accounting for the variance in explaining psychological and behavioral outcomes of illness. Thus, in addition to the constructs found to be predictive of these outcomes on Western patients, psychological studies done in Malaysia should also assess mental representations of illness that are specific to Malaysians.
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Burton, Catherine J. "The heart rates of elementary children during physical education classes." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020151.
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The purpose of this paper was to monitor the heart rates of-first, third, and fifth grade students during physical education classes to determine if the classes contribute to improvement in cardiovascular fitness levels. The study determined the average heart rate of students in physical education classes and determined the percent of time the heart rate remained in, above, and below a predetermined heart rate range of 140 to 180 beats per minute.Students from seven schools were involved in this study which included: 338 first graders, 236 third graders, and 217 fifth graders. Each school was visited three times.The measurement of heart rates was accomplished by placing a heart rate monitor on each student during their regular physical education class. The results indicated that the average heart rate for all first graders was 142.28 beats per minute (bpm), for all third graders was 141.68 bpm, and for all fifth graders was 142.85 bpm. The percentage of time spent in the pre-determined heart rate range for first grade students was 39.98%, third grade was 37.78%, and 40.64% for fifth grade. The percentage of time spent above the pre-determined heart rate range for first grade was 15.59%, 15.76% for third grade, and 13.91% for fifth grade. The percentage of time spent below the predetermined heart rate range for first grade was 43.99%, for third grade 46.32%, and 47.00% for fifth grade. The above findings revealed that the average heart rates did increase, although when further examining the percentage IN, ABOVE, and BELOW the pre-determined heart rate range the figures indicated that heart rates were not maintained at an appropriate level of intensity for the adequate time needed to increase cardiovascular fitness levels. If cardiovascular fitness is a goal in these classes, changes in class drills and games will be required to accomplish this goal.School of Physical Education
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Ofir, Dror. "Time course of adaptation in heart rate variability and respiratory sinus arrhythmia to intensive endurance training." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33917.
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The weekly time course of adaptation of Heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) characteristics were examined over 4-weeks of intensive endurance training in 17 sedentary subjects (35.8 +/- 10.0 yrs). Five-minute ECG and breathing recordings were obtained at rest at spontaneous breathing (SP) and at paced breathing rates of SP+4 (M4) and SP-4 (P4) breaths/minute. Spectral power components of HRV were computed from the RR interval sequences; amplitude and phase of RSA were computed from the sinusoid fitted to the instantaneous heart rate within each breath. RSA sensitivity was obtained from the slope of the RSA amplitude versus breathing frequency relationship. Four weeks of training caused significantly increased in VO2max (37.3 +/- 4.4 versus 40.0 +/- 5.4 ml/kg/min; (p < 0.01); a significant decrease in DBP (p < 0.001); a slight decrease in SBP (p < 0.08), and max HR slightly decreased (P < 0.06). None of these variables were changed significantly in control subjects. No change in resting HR was found after training (74 +/- 14 versus 74 +/- 7 bpm). Pre versus post-training results in total and high frequency spectral powers (ms2) of HRV taken at SP were as was RSA amplitude. A significant reverse correlation was found between RSA-amplitude and breathing frequency (r = 0.40). Results suggest a trend towards an increased gain in the amplitude of RSA for varying breathing frequencies after training. In conclusion, four weeks of intensive endurance training may significantly increase maximal aerobic power and provide some health related benefit such as a decrease in diastolic pressure, without concurrent changes in resting heart rate or its modulation by cardiac vagal activity.
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Siebert, Christopher Michael. "Heart Rate and Accelerometry during Singles Footbag Net Play." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/650.
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This investigation examined the heart rate responses and movement characteristics of experienced footbag net players during singles play. Footbag net is a net/court sport similar to volleyball, but it is played with a footbag (e.g., Hacky-SackTM) using only the feet. In singles footbag net, players are allowed either one or two kicks to propel the footbag over the net. Subjects were 15 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 18- 60 years, with a mean age of 33.6 years. Subjects played two games of singles footbag net using two different scoring systems: "sideout" scoring and "rally" scoring. Mean heart rates were 149.4 bpm for games played under the sideout scoring system and 148.7 bpm for games played under the rally scoring system. Sideout games were 1.2 minutes (~11%) longer than rally games. The mean heart rate responses to competitive play using sideout scoring and rally scoring were not significantly different (p>0.05). For play under both scoring systems, the average exercise intensity--expressed as a percentage of age-predicted maximum heart rate (MHRest)--was 80-81% MHRest. Accelerometer counts accumulated during play were similar for both scoring systems. It is recommended that additional research be conducted to evaluate the extent to which accelerometry may contribute to physiological and metabolic measurements of footbag net competition.
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Chan, Wing-wai Stephen, and 陳永偉. "The comparison of recovery kinetics of oxygen consumption and heart rate between children and adults: a practicalsuggestion on maximizing the usage of recovery kinetics in clinicalsetting." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257367.
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Werling, Beverly A. "A comparison of children's heart rates during physical education class and recess time." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041896.
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This study investigated the heart rates of children in the first, third, and fifth grades of two schools during physical education class and recess time. One hundred and nine children (56 females, 53 males) participated in the eight-week study. Each participant wore a Polar Vantage XL receptor strap and watch receiver during physical education class and recess time on the same day. The average heart rates and percentage of time in and above the target heart zone of 150 to 200 beats per minute were recorded. A MANOVA analysis revealed no significant difference between heart rates during physical education and recess over the eight-week period. Gender differences, however, were significant as boys average heart rates were higher than girls and boys were in or above the target heart zone a higher percentage of the time than girls. This difference was especially evident at recess.Fisher Institute for Wellness
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Louie, Cheryl Ann. "The effects of music and metronomic beat on heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and physical endurance prior to a heart rate cut-off." Scholarly Commons, 1989. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2174.
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This study examined the effects of music and metronomic beat on heart rate (HR). ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). and physical endurance in healthy females ages 18 to 30. Volunteers were screened via a health questionnaire and the Astrand Work Test on a Monark bicycle ergometer. yielding a predicted aerobic working capacity (V02) of 28 mililiters or more. The 30 subjects were then randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions (music or metronome group) for a cycling test at 75% capacity. HR and Borg RPE were measured repeatedly, with a posttest measure of physical endurance (kilometers travelled). No significant differences were found between the groups in HR. RPE. or kilometers travelled.
A music questionnaire administered to the music group following the posttest examined the subjects' preference for and familiarity with the music, perceived and preferred volume, and experience with music. Trends and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Wray, Joanne Catherine. "Psychological aspects of congenital heart disease and subsequent cardiac surgery for the child and family." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338814.
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Broderick, Daniel J. "Mitral valve prolapse syndrome : a proposed treatment through respiratory rebalancing." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027110.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome (MVPS) is a benign psychosomatic cardiac condition that can severely impair one's quality of life. Symptoms targeted in this study include, atypical chest pain, palpitations, anxiety, panic, and shortness of breath.This study was undertaken to examine the effects of a diaphragmatic breathing intervention on the symptoms and underlying mechanism of dysautonomia in a small group of symptomatic females with MVPS. The intervention was based on both yoga theory and cardiorespiratory empirical studies.Seven of eight participant's completed the nine week study using a single subject multiple baseline design across subjects. Participant's began a respiratory retraining intervention, in a weekly staggered pair start, after the first week of baseline measurement. Respiratory training consisted of a four week training in diaphragmatic breathing with home practice three times a day.Autonomic, behavioral, and cognitive systems were assessed. Dependent measures included State and Trait Anxiety, Anxiety Sensitivity, a Symptom Checklist, and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). RSA is a current noninvasive measure of parasympathetic tone. Data on thoracic and abdominal respiratory predominance, respiration rate, diet, exercise, and adherence were also gathered.Data were analyzed via visual inspection of trends and phase average changes. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for standardized measures to indicate the meaningfulness of change.Two of the seven participants demonstrated a decrease in total symptom frequencies over the course of intervention. One participant demonstrated a weekly progression of lowered state anxiety scores from baseline through intervention. In terms of phase averages, three participants showed a lowering of state anxiety. All seven participants demonstrated lowered trait anxiety scores from pre to post intervention. Two of the seven participants demonstrated a meaningful pre to post intervention decrease in anxiety sensitivity. Respiratory training was effective in stabilizing abdominal respiration. Results regarding vagal tone could not be determined due to unreliable ECG data.In general, results were poor with several inconsistencies. Adherence rates were low and it did not appear that a therapeutic level of change in respiration rate was achieved. Controlling respiration rate may be a critical factor in the therapeutic effectiveness of respiratory retraining interventions.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Johansson, Amanda. "Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields : physiological and psychological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1886.
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This thesis aims to increase the knowledge on people with symptoms attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) by investigating the effects of EMF exposure and by additional description of the heterogeneous group of people reporting EMF-related symptoms. The effect of mobile phone (MP)-like radio frequency (RF) fields on symptoms, autonomic nervous system (ANS) parameters, short-term memory, and reaction time in persons with MP-related symptoms (MP participants) was investigated in a provocation study. A second provocation study investigated the effect of similar exposure on serum concentration of biomarkers in persons with atopic dermatitis. No effect of exposure was detected in either study. MP participants displayed changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during cognitive tests, but not during rest. This contrasts with earlier findings, participants with symptoms attributed to EMF sources in general (EHS participants) displayed an elevated sympathetic nervous system activity both during cognitive tests and during rest. Proposed differences between subgroups of persons with EMF-related symptoms with respect to symptoms, personality traits and stress were investigated in a questionnaire study. MP participants reported primarily symptoms from the head; EHS participants reported symptoms from many organ systems. Furthermore, EHS participants reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and exhaustion when compared with a reference group. MP participants reported higher levels of anxiety and exhaustion only. In a pilot study, 24-hour and short-term HRV were investigated in EHS participants, to examine whether the previously observed sympathovagal imbalance would still be present. There was a tendency toward increased parasympathetic activity compared with earlier recordings, and a reduction of symptoms. Twenty-four hour and short-term recordings were fairly similar for each participant; however, there were large between-subject differences. The results do not support the hypothesis of effects of MP-like RF exposure on symptoms, ANS activity, CFFT, cognitive function, or biomarkers. However, they do support the hypothesis that persons with different symptom attribution (MP and EHS) may differ also in ANS activity and psychological aspects.
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Campbell, Diane L. "The influence of aerobic exercise on double product break point in low to moderate risk adults." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/641.
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Gudmundsdottir, Hafrun. "Coping strategies and causal attributions following myocardial infarction : a longitudinal study." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13534.
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Coping strategies and causal attributions have been shown to be related to recovery and adjustment following illness. Certain coping strategies and causal attributions, such as avoidant coping and other blame have been found to be related to higher levels of distress while others, like behavioural self blame and attention coping have been shown to be related to lower distress. There have however, been few longitudinal studies of the process. The study described here examined coping strategies, causal attributions and levels of distress over a period of 1 year in 91 patients following a first myocardial infarction (MI). Coping strategies (measured by the COPE), causal attributions (measured by open ended questions and a check-list) and distress (measured by the HAD a measure of anxiety and depression with minimal somatic symptoms), were measured within 2 weeks of discharge and at 2, 6 and 12 months post MI. The main findings of the study showed that both coping strategies and causal attributions changed over time. Patients were most likely to use attention coping strategies early following the illness onset but more avoidant and religious coping later on. Patients made fewer attributions as time passed and the most commonly reported causal attributions were stress and smoking. Results further revealed that both coping strategies and causal attributions were either concurrently related to and/or predictive of levels of distress. Avoidant coping was related to higher distress at all assessment times. Furthermore, both characterological self blame and other blame were found to be concurrently related to higher distress, with characterological self blame also being predictive of subsequent higher distress. These findings have implications for care and rehabilitation of cardiac patients as they imply that certain causal attributions and coping strategies might be problematic as regards post MI distress. This points towards the importance of examining and if necessary, altering certain causal attributions and coping strategies in order for the patient to gain the best possible recovery.
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Austen, Karen Christine. "The Effect of Hand-Held Weights and Exaggerated Arm Swing on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Submaximal Walking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279087/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hand-weights and exaggerated arm swing on heart rate, blood pressure, and ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal walking. Twenty middle-aged (40- 59 years) female volunteers were given four submaximal treadmill tests at 3.0 mph and 0 grade. The four treatment conditions were as follows: 1) walking with unexaggerated arm swing (AS); 2) walking with unexaggerated arm swing with hand-held weights (ASHW); 3) walking with exaggerated arm swing (EAS), and 4) walking with exaggerated arm swing with hand-held weights (EASHW). The testing sequence was randomized and a minimum of 48 hr was given between tests.
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Hait, Aaron Vincent. "Cardio-respiratory responses to mental challenge : high, moderate, and low heart rate reactors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26825.
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Three issues were examined in this study: (1) the extent to which psychological challenge or stress elicits changes in the breathing patterns of normal subjects; (2) whether breathing pattern changes covary with cardiovascular arousal; and (3) whether individuals identified as being potentially at-risk for developing hypertension respond to mental challenge tasks with breathing pattern and cardiovascular changes that are reliably different from those of lower risk individuals. Subjects were 100 healthy young men divided into reactor quintiles on the basis of their heart rate (HR) changes to a 1-minute cold pressor test. Those in the upper quintile were designated as being at-risk for developing hypertension. Their cardiovascular and respiratory changes to two counterbalanced versions of a 5-minute mental arithmetic test (Easy & Hard) were compared with those of the third and fifth quintile subjects. Marked individual
differences were evident in the direction and extent of breathing changes. Overall, the rate, amplitude, variability, and predominant mode of breathing increased substantially over resting levels in response to the math tasks. Only breathing rate and variability reliably covaried with task difficulty. Little correspondence was found between breathing changes and cardiovascular arousal. The data did indicate a trend for breathing to shift towards greater ribcage dominance as task difficulty increased. This was especially true for the at-risk group and least true for the low reactor quintile. The expected group differences in cardiovascular reactivity were not found however, implying that the HR reactivity to cold stimulation is not a good predictor of reactivity to acute mental challenge or stress. Overall, the results suggest that breathing patterns change in response to psychological stress but are not clearly associated with cardiovascular arousal. The attempt to identify subgroups of aberrant breathers on the basis of HR reactivity also yielded equivocal results.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Abbott, Janice Melodie. "Psychological, cardiovascular and haematological aspects of the Type A behaviour pattern in relation to coronary heart disease." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1988. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20137/.
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The programme of work comprised two maj or aspects of enquiry. Firstly, the work aimed to identify specific situations which promote the Type A coping response. Secondly, the research aimed to investigate the biological mechanisms by which Type A behaviour may be translated into coronary heart disease. Specifically, the sympathetic adrenomedullary process operating via platelet and prostaglandin activity provided a major focus of the work. Type A's (defined by both the Bortner and Thurstone Scales) have been shown to perceive performance tasks as more threatening than Type B's. not only by their enhanced cardiovascular reactivity (heart rate and systolic blood pressure), but also by their superior word recall performance. Dyadic interactive situations, in which combinations of Type A's and Type B's work together on a task, and only one member of the dyad has response control, promote intriguing behavioural, and cardiovascular coping patterns. On a difficult task, Type A dyads (and dyads in which Type A's lacked response control) performed poorer than other dyadic combinations. Cardiovascularly, Type A's demonstrated the greater heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, and slower cardiovascular recovery, particularly, if they lacked control of responding, or were paired with another Type A. A long-term naturalistic study provided validity for the acute laboratory tasks. Behavioural, cardiovascular and haematological response patterns, and the timing of reactivity, differentiated Type A's from Type B's. Whilst preparing for and following final year examinations, Type A individuals demonstrated the greater elevations in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. They also demonstrated the faster platelet aggregation (although percentage aggregation decreased similarly for both groups), together with the greater increase in the anticoagulant, antithrombin III. The complexity of these haenatological findings encouraged the examination of two prostaglandins which control platelet function (the coagulatory thromboxane A2 , and the anticoagulatory prostacyclin). Different response patterns emerged prior to, and following a mental arithmetic challenge. The task anticipation effect involved elevated heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, plasma adrenaline and prostacyclin. Type A's demonstrated the greater reactivity in all parameters. Following the task, a decrease in the percentage and speed of aggregation was recorded, together with an increase in plasma noradrenaline and thromboxane A 2 . At this stage, Type A's demonstrated the faster platelet aggregation, and the greater noradrenai.ine levels. The thromboxane/prostacyclin ratios, however, remained similar for both groups. The Type A psychobiological response pattern, characterised by the greater magnitude and duration of potentially pathological cardiovascular and hasnatological parameters, may exert profound effects on the development of atherosclerosis and the onset of clinical coronary events.
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Odendaal, Dolf. "VO₂ en harttempo kinetika as voorspellers van fietsryprestasie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52051.
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Sanborn, Kathryn L. "The lived experience of ruptured aortic aneurysm in adults." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036187.
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The experience of living through an unexpected, life-threatening cardiovascular surgery can be a profound. This study examined the experience of 4 men who had survived ruptured aortic aneurysm using a phenomenological research design.Audio-taped interviews were analyzed for common themes and patterns. Two strong, opposing constitutive patterns were found. The patterns the data conveyed were: 1) fear as a response to overwhelming pain and clouded perceptions, and 2) gratitude for recovery in an atmosphere of caring support.This study was significant in beginning to bring to understanding the phenomenon of surviving major, unexpected cardiovascular surgical trauma. It is recommended that health care providers be more attentive to similar patients' experiences and listen to how their lives have changed as a result of their experiences.School of Nursing
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Speiser, Bernadette Susan. "The relationship of threat appraisal and coping patterns in coronary artery bypass patients." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845964.
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Coronary bypass surgery is an increasingly common occurrence. Current literature does not validate the coping mechanisms involved for patients facing this life-threatening event. Lazarus’ theory of stress and coping was utilized as the framework for the study. The purpose of the study was to identify the degree of threat coronary bypass surgery presents and coping mechanisms utilized with this specific insult. The significance of the study was to assist nurses in identification of perceived risks/benefits of having open heart surgery from the patient’s perspective. The population included patients from a private cardiovascular practice in Indianapolis, Indiana. The convenience sample included 38 subjects recovering from coronary bypass graft surgery. Subjects were identified as uncomplicated post-operative surgical patients and were mailed questionnaires one month after discharge from the hospital. The Jalowiec Coping Scale and a questionnaire for demographic data were utilized to collect data. Procedures for protection of human subjects were followed. The research design was non-experimental and descriptive, correlational procedures were utilized to analyze data.The data supported the notions that clients utilized both problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping, and emotion-focused coping strategies were more effective in reducing the threat. Education was significantly related to emotive coping styles and clients that perceived a higher threat intensity utilized more emotion-focused coping strategies. Recognition of the need to minimize stressors can be an important role the nurse facilitates. Through participatory care, the nurse may assist in finding the meaning for the stressor and encourage open communication patterns and emotional responses. Allowing for reduction of threat perception and intensity may enhance the outcome of the experience.School of Nursing
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Ward, Clay Herold. "Psychological aspects and potential pathogenic processes of achievement striving associated with the Type A personality." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82607.
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The Type A personality has been associated with coronary heart disease and other psychosomatic illnesses. Previous investigators have suggested that a major stress-related feature of the Type A personality is "excessive" striving for achievement, even though ambition is often conceptualized as a positive aspect of personality. The purpose of the present dissertation was to examine whether there are psychological differences in how Type A individuals, compared to their Type B counterparts, approach and respond to an achievement situation, which, in addition to defining the Type A personality, have potential pathogenic health and personal adjustment implications.
Three experiments are reported which examined self-directed behavior in an achievement situation where subjects were required to perform sequential general information tests. The results of Experiment I support the hypotheses that Type A individuals, compared to Type B individuals, adopt very high standards for performance, which increase the probability that they will not achieve their personal goals.
The results of Experiment II expand on the findings of Experiment I by indicating that in addition to not achieving personal goals, Type A individuals, relative to Type B individuals, also tend to devalue their actual performance. Furthermore, failure to achieve personal goals was associated with increased self-report of psychological distress. The findings of Experiment III replicate previous results and further indicate that failure to achieve personal goals is associated with specific negative consequences of increased anger and decreased self-esteem. The results also indicate that Type A individuals compared to Type B individuals, tend to make internal attributions for failure, while at the same time, they take less personal credit for success. Finally, the results of Experiment III suggest that the Type A personality is related to general negative affective states, psychosomatic illness, and daily stress.
Results of the three experiments indicate that there are important psychological characteristics of how Type A individuals approach and respond to an achievement situation, which appear to have pathogenic health and personal adjustment consequences. Recent reconceptualizations of the Type A personality have emphasized a trait-like dimension of hostility, characterized by cynicism, resentment, and suspiciousness toward others as the "toxic" component of the Type A personality. The present study urges that striving toward lofty goals, devaluation of performance, self-blame for failure without taking comparable self-credit for success, along with negative self-evaluation also be viewed as important unhealthy aspects of the Type A personality.Ph. D.
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Cheatham, Christopher C. "Cardiovascular drift relative to ventilatory threshold in boys and men." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048373.
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Cardiovascular drift can occur during prolonged exercise and is characterized by a gradual decrease in stroke volume (SV) and a corresponding increase in heart rate (HR) over time, despite the maintenance of a constant level of work; cardiac output (CO) usually is unchanged. A number of factors may cause cardiovascular drift to occur, including increases in peripheral blood flow, decreases in plasma volume, increases in circulating catecholamines, and metabolic acidosis. These physiological events may be influenced by the relationship of the exercise intensity to ventilatory threshold (VT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular responses during prolonged exercise in boys and men at an intensity set relative to VT. Eight boys (10-13 yrs.) and 10 men (18-25 yrs.) completed an orientation trial, a graded maximal exercise test, and a 40 minute submaximal exercise bout at an intensity equal to the V02 at VT. During the 40 minute exercise bout, V02 increased significantly over time (P_<0.05),although the magnitude of change was similar in boys and men (P>0.05). Heart rate was higher and SV was lower in the boys compared to the men (P<_0.05), and the changes in HR and SV were significant over time. Although there was a trend for the HR increase and SV decrease to be greater in the men, the group-by-time interaction was not significant. Cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference were higher in the men compared to the boys (P<0.05), but remained constant over time. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was higher in the men than the boys (P<_0.05). In the men, MABP decreased significantly from 10 to 40 minutes, while in the boys, MABP decreased (P<_0.05) from 10 to 30 minutes and then increased to a value similar to that at 10 minutes. This differential response in MABP over time resulted in a significant groupby-time interaction. Total peripheral resistance was significantly higher in the boys than the men, but remained constant over time (P>0.05). Men exhibited a greater decrease in plasma volume from 0 to 40 minutes. There was no group difference in perceived exertion (RPE) between the boys and the men, although the boys exhibited a greater increase in RPE over time than the men (P<0.05). In conclusion, the cardiovascular responses during prolonged exercise are similar in boys and men, although there is a tendency for the magnitude of cardiovascular drift to be greater in the men. In addition, due to the fact that these results are similar to previous studies not accounting for individual differences in VT, it would seem that these differences in VT should not be of concern when studying the cardiovascular responses during prolonged exercise.School of Physical Education
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Ho, Lai-yi Ada, and 何麗儀. "Does social support influence coronary heart disease prognosis?: a meta-analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724116.
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Frewen, Sharon H. "The design and evaluation of a short-term group psychotherapy model for survivors of a first myocardial infarction." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015041.
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There is extensive evidence that the rehabilitation of individuals with coronary heart disease needs to include psychological components to complement the exercise and dietary recommendations that are normally provided. However, psychological aspects have not been integrated into medical care in South Africa to any significant degree. Psychological interventions overseas have included the modification of the Type A behaviour pattern, stress management, cognitive restructuring, relaxation techniques, improved communication skills, the identification and expression of emotions, and emotional support. The aim of the present study was to design a short-term group intervention which incorporated these aspects and which included an exploration of the mind-body experience post infarct. In addition, the intervention aimed to increase participants' awareness of the compensatory dynamics of the Type A behaviour pattern. The intervention was tailored to South African conditions and was evaluated by means of a multiple case study design. The intervention was delivered to a group of nine coronary heart disease patients which included six survivors of myocardial infarction, the remaining participants having undergone a by-pass operation. Data included weekly feedback sheets evaluating each session, repeated measures on the Profile of Mood States, the Jenkins Activity Survey, a Spouse Rating Scale and extensive qualitative data on each participant including tape recordings of each session and data collected from a series of interviews before, during and after the programme. The feedback sheets and recordings of the sessions were used as a basis for recommendations for revising the content and structure of the programme for future use. Case narratives were written for three of the participants and provided an in-depth look at how and why individual changes did or did not occur in response to the intervention. In addition, the case narratives revealed the role played by the compensatory dynamics of the Type A behaviour pattern in complicating rehabilitation for survivors of myocardial infarction. Two participants were offered a series of individual sessions at 18-month follow-up and the material from these sessions was also used to aid in the interpretation of the data. The content of the 18-month follow-up sessions provided evidence for the importance of conducting a developmental analysis of the origins of low self-esteem and insecurity that maintain and drive the Type A behaviour pattern. In these sessions, this analysis provided the basis for a brief focused psychodynamic psychotherapy that facilitated marked changes that had not been achieved in the 12-week structured group intervention. It is recommended that future research investigate the use of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy on an individual basis as a complement to a group intervention focusing on psycho-education, building social support and management of problematic emotions in everyday situations.
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Keeney, Janice E. "Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback-assisted Stress Management Training on Pregnant Women and Fetal Heart Rate Measures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9073/.
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This study examined effectiveness of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback-assisted stress management training in reducing anxiety and stress in pregnant women and the effect of maternal stress management skills practice on fetal heart rate measures in real time. Participants were seven working pregnant women who volunteered in response to recruitment announcements and invitations from cooperating midwives. Reported state and trait anxiety and pregnancy specific stress were measured during five 45- to 50-minute training sessions. Training included bibliotherapy, instruction in the use of emotion-focused stress management techniques, and HRV biofeedback. Subjects used portable biofeedback units for home practice and were encouraged to practice the skills for 20 minutes a day and for short periods of time during stressful life events. At the end of training, fetal heart rate was monitored and concurrent maternal HRV measures were recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA and paired samples t-test analysis of study data revealed no statistically significant reductions in state or trait anxiety measures or in pregnancy specific stress measures. Partial eta squared (n²) and Cohen's d calculations found small to medium effect sizes on the various test scales. Friedman's analysis of variance of biofeedback measures showed a statistically significant decrease in low HRV coherence scores (X2 = 10.53, p = .03) and medium HRV coherence scores (X2 = 11.58, p = .02) and a statistically significant increase in high HRV coherence scores (X2 = 18.16, p = .001). This change is an indication of improved autonomic function. Results of concurrent maternal and fetal HRV recordings were generally inconclusive. A qualitative discussion of individual subject results is included. During follow-up interviews five subjects reported that they felt they were better able to cope with stress at the end of the study than at the beginning, that they used the stress management skills during labor, and that they continue to practice the skills in their daily lives.
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Pasvogel, Alice Eleanor. "The relationship between health expectations and compliance among cardiac rehabilitation participants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276879.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between health expectations and compliance in persons who were attending a cardiac rehabilitation program. Three subscales of the Olivas Health Motivation Scale were administered to a convenience sample of 23 subjects at two points in time: at the beginning and at the completion of the prescribed sessions. A significant relationship was found between Stimulus Outcome Expectations and the duration of exercise at the beginning of the cardiac rehabilitation sessions (r = -.51, p =.02). The relationship between Regimen Efficacy Expectations and the duration of exercise was also found to be significant at the beginning of the sessions (r = -.40, p =.05). There was no significant relationship between health expectations and compliance at the completion of the sessions. One measure of health expectations, Stimulus Outcome Expectations (F = 10.11, p =.01), and two measures of compliance, duration of exercise (F = 406.45, p =.00) and metabolic equivalents (F = 74.14, p =.00), were significantly different between the beginning and the completion of cardiac rehabilitation.
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吳湘舒 and Xiangshu Wu. "Illness perception and coping among older adults with coronary heart disease: a study at acute convalescentstage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243794.
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Lewis, Kimberly. "Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Stress and Resilience in HIV+ Adults: An Analysis of a Stigma Related Stress Induction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799494/.
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Learning of a positive diagnosis of HIV may be one of the most challenging and stressful events in life. The memory of this event is emotionally laden, and even years later evokes an emotional response. Similarly, many people living with HIV (PLH) have memories of the first time they were treated differently because of their diagnosis. While research frequently examines the subjective of stress, few studies have examined biological markers of stress in people living with HIV. Heart Rate Variability offers a non-invasive measure of stress. Beyond serving as a biological marker for stress, changes in HRV are also associated with emotional functioning. Research demonstrates decreased HRV levels in patients with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD. We conducted a repeated measures MANOVA to examine effects of stress induction on HRV in individuals with high and low levels of HIV-related stigma. We found that the high stigma group was significantly different from the low stigma group in regard to changes in participants’ HRV, Wilks’ λ = .50, F (1, 51) = 11.63, p < .001. A hierarchical linear regression examined the relationship between HRV and other measures of stress (Heart Rate and Blood Pressure). We found that systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the stress condition were predictive of HRV (adjusted R2=.29, F (5,46) =4.07, p<.01). Results of our study support the use of HRV as a measure of stress in HIV-positive adults. Additionally, the results of our study demonstrate significant relationships between stigma, social support and stress in HIV-positive adults.
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Baylor, Krissa A. "The Effects of Spouse Presence During Graded Exercise Testing on Psychological and Physiological Parameters in Cardiac Patients and Healthy Adults." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330947/.
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The direct effect of spouse presence during graded exercise testing on anxiety and performance has not been previously delineated. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (a) ascertain if spouse presence during graded exercise testing affects state anxiety or physiological performance variables, and (b) determine differences in psychological status between cardiac patients and healthy adults.
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Wentworth, Ayesha. "Resilience in families that have experienced heart-related trauma." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1305.
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Thurber, Myron Ross. "Effects of Heart-Rate Variability Biofeedback Training and Emotional Regulation on Music Performance Anxiety in University Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5428/.
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Student musicians were recruited to participate in an experimental repeated measures research design study to identify effects of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training and emotional self-regulation techniques, as recommended by HeartMath® Institute, on music performance anxiety (MPA) and music performance. Fourteen students were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group following a 5 minute unaccompanied baseline performance. Treatment group participants received 4-5 HRV training sessions of 30-50 minutes each. Training included bibliotherapy, using the computerized Freeze-Framer® 2.0 interactive training software, instruction in the Freeze-Frame® and Quick Coherence® techniques of emotional regulation, and also use of an emWave® portable heart rate variability training device for home training. Measures included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Performance Anxiety Inventory (PAI), Flow State Scale (FSS), average heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV). Quade's rank transformed ANCOVA was used to evaluate treatment and no-treatment group comparisons. Combined MPA scores showed statistical significance at p=.05 level with large effect size of eta2=.320. Individual measurements of trait anxiety showed a small effect size of eta2=.001. State anxiety measurement showed statistical significance at the p=.10 level with a large effect size eta2=.291. FSS showed no statistical or effect size difference. PAI showed no statistical significance and a large effect size eta2=.149. HR showed no statistical significance and a large effect size eta2=.143. HRV showed statistical significance at p=.000 level and a large effect size eta2=.698. This study demonstrated practical/clinical significance of a relatively quick and inexpensive biofeedback training that had large effect at decreasing mental, emotional, and physiological symptoms of MPA for university students.
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Williams, Lynn. "Predictors of outcome in cardiac disease : the role of personality and illness cognitions." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/359.
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Background: Coronary heart disease can have a long lasting impact on affected individuals in terms of both physical and psychological adjustment and quality of life. It is, therefore, important to investigate determinants of outcome in these patients. The thesis has four main aims; (i) to investigate predictors of outcome (adherence, quality of life, functional impairment, psychological distress and benefit finding) post-myocardial infarction (MI); (ii) to determine the prevalence and stability of Type D personality in the UK; (iii) to determine if personality predicts outcome after controlling for mood, demographic and clinical factors, and (iv) to investigate potential mechanisms which may explain the link between personality and poor prognosis in cardiac patients. Method: Five studies were conducted. In Studies 1-3, participants completed measures of Type D personality, health-related behaviour, social support and neuroticism. In Study 4, participants completed an experimental stressor with cardiovascular monitoring. Study 5 was a prospective study in which 131 MI patients completed measures of personality, illness cognitions and outcome at two time points, 3-5 days post-MI, then again 3 months later. Results: The prevalence of Type D personality in the UK is 39% in the healthy population, and 34% in the cardiac population. In addition, Type D is predictive of adherence, quality of life, and functional impairment in post-MI patients after controlling for mood, demographics, and clinical factors. Five possible mechanisms (health-related behaviour, adherence, social support, cardiovascular reactivity, and illness perceptions) by which Type D may lead to adverse outcome in cardiac patients were identified. Mood predicted quality of life and functional impairment post-MI, illness perceptions predicted quality of life post-MI, and future thinking predicted quality of life, functional impairment and depression post-MI. Discussion: These findings have important therapeutic and theoretical implications for understanding the role of personality and illness cognitions in the short-term recovery of post-MI patients.
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Woodger, Neil Cameron. "The type A behaviour pattern, sex differences and control in the occupational environment." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141481.
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Iwamasa, Dawn A. "The effect of music-assisted relaxation training on measures of state anxiety and heart rate under music performance conditions for college music students." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2324.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a music-assisted relaxation training program as a treatment method for college music students suffering from performance anxiety. A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=20) and wait-list control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received six music-assisted relaxation training sessions while the wait-list control group received no contact. Dependent measures included pre- and post-test State Trait Anxiety Inventory (ST AI) scores and heart rate measurements during individual jury examinations (performance condition).
Results found no differences in ST AI scores and heart rate measurements between groups. Factors such as years of formal training and memorization of performance showed no differences in dependent measures. The experimental group rated their performance quality as significantly higher than the wait-list control group.
All participants who received the relaxation training program felt they benefited from it, and_ found it helpful in feeling more "in control" and "focused on their music" during performances.
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Van, Niekerk Roelf. "'n Psigobiografiese ontleding van Christiaan Neethling Barnard se loopbaanontwikkeling /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1778.
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Thesis (MA (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.The primary objective of the study was to describe Professor Christiaan Barnard’s career development according to the theoretical model formulated by Greenhaus, Callanan and Godshalk (2000). The research design implemented in the study is a exploratory-descriptive psychobiographical case-study that followed an idiographic-morphogenic research strategy and used qualitative data to present a coherent narrative of Barnard’s career development. During the study biographical and autobiographical data pertaining to Barnard’s career development were collected and analysed. Barnard was selected as psychobiographical subject through a purposive sampling strategy. Barnard was regarded as an appropriate subject for the study because of his extraordinary and pioneering contributions in the context of organ transplants. The study used qualitative data and included both primary (autobiographical material) and secondary data (biographical material). The data collection and data analyses were based on an approach suggested by Yin (2003). This approach uses a theoretical model to determine the relevance of data as well as the nature of data that would facilitate the achievement of the research objective. It is implemented by posing specific questions to the data. The data analysis procedure was based on the approach suggested by Huberman and Miles (1994). Their approach comprises three phases, namely data-reduction, data-display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The researcher ensured ethical standards throughout the study by obtaining Barnard’s consent to conduct the study. The researcher treated personal information with respect, empathy, thoughtfulness and prudence. Only data available in the public domain (published biographical and autobiographical material) were considered during the data analysis phase. Lastly, the researcher attempted to interpret data in a responsible and transparent manner. The analysis of Barnard’s career development according to the theoretical model of Greenhaus et al. (2000) demonstrated the value of the model to accurately describe and interpret the career development of extraordinary individuals.
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Whitney, Stuart Luhn. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ROLE STRAIN AND PREVENTATIVE HEALTH BEHAVIORS IN CRITICAL CARE NURSES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276557.
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The purpose of the research was to describe the relationships between social support and role strain and preventative health behaviors. The sample consisted of 62 critical care nurses employed in three southwest acute care facilities. Subjects completed instruments measuring social support, role strain, and four preventative health care behaviors. Pearson correlations revealed significant positive relationships between social support and personal/household roles women perform and ways women handle stress. Additional significant negative relationships existed between marital/relationship roles women perform and leisure physical activities, a subset of preventative health behaviors. The parental roles, obligations, and responsibilities women perform were also significantly related with leisure physical activities. Conclusions drawn indicate that the critical care nurses did not perceive themselves susceptible to cardiovascular disease and therefore did not participate in preventative health care activities, regardless of perceived helpful social support and an absence of role strain.
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Zolten, Avram J. (Avram Jeffery). "Construct Use and Self-Aspect Change in Recovery From Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Personal Construct Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278306/.
Full textAbstract:
Cognitive ratings that use bipolar constructs based upon similarity and contrast have been shown to be biased towards the similarity pole in approximately a 62/38 ratio. This bias has also been known to shift in the contrastive direction for individuals who have psychiatric problems. This quantitative measure of cognitive change has a potential for characterizing cognitive changes that occur during the disease process, including recovery from disease. The present study investigated changes in self-aspect ratings and bipolar construct use in adult male veterans who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Results indicated that treatment
subjects' self-aspect and construct ratings were more negative than controls'. Results also indicated that all subjects rated core interpersonal self-aspects closest to the expected bias, while self-aspects related to cardiac recovery problems were rated in the most contrastive direction. The results finally suggested that the greatest degree of change for the treatment subjects were in emotionally generated constructs. The results suggested a preliminary validation for characterizing cognitive changes in the disease process by measuring shifts in bipolar construct ratings.
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Byers, Constance S. (Constance Susan). "Transactional Risk Factors and Coronary Atherosclerosis: The Impact of Type A Behavior, Hostility, and Defense Style." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935809/.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship of coronary-prone behavior, hostility, and defense style to atherosclerosis was examined. Subjects were 1,271 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Duke University Medical Center between 1974 and 1980. Type A behavior was assessed using both the Structured Interview and Jenkins Activity Survey. The Cook and Medley Hostility scale and Byrne's Repression-Sensitization scale, both subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, were employed to measure hostility and defense style. The results revealed no significant association between the disease end-points CADSEV, history of myocardial infarction, and history of angina pectoris and either the Structured Interview Type A, hostility, or repression-sensitization, Jenkins Activity Survey defined Type B's, however, were found to more frequently complain of angina. It was suggested future research employ longitudinal or process designs to focus on adaptive functioning from a transactional and developmental perspective which may serve to promote coronary resistance.
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Uridge, Lynsey. "The identity of the heart patient in the context of the gift economy: HeartNET and media framing." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1578.
Full textAbstract:
This health communication research examines the identity levels of the heart patient on a therapeutic website HeartNET through an empirical investigation of site interactions as manifestations of a gift economy. The thesis also explores the media’s representation of heart health in both television and print.
This research utilised a longitudinal qualitative ethnographic and netnographic approach involving twenty-six participants who completed two in-depth interviews. The first one-on-one interview occurred during the early stages of the participants’ heart journey, explored their heart story and use of interactive technology for heart health support. The second interview occurred six to twelve months later, and investigated changes in the participants’ heart health status and their media awareness. Data obtained through onsite postings, in-depth interviews, and asynchronous and synchronous interactions on HeartNET, resulted in an analysis of the rich insights into the lived experiences of people affected by heart disease.
The heart patient has to cope with an unknown and disrupted future which may be complicated by a lack of understanding by their significant other and extended network. Interactions on HeartNET indicated a change in participants’ attitudes toward their heart disease. The gift of time, information and support were commodities that were shared freely. Over time however, a change in focus was evident. As members became more independent their posts would shift to a focus on independence and healing (or wellbeing) rather than focusing on the disease.
Another key finding among the non-HeartNET members was the importance of volunteering and how it became an integral aspect of many recovering heart patients’ lives. As peer supporters this volunteering role appears to support the extension of social networks and complements professional health services.
Findings from this research have shown that the media often portrays heart disease as a lifestyle issue and the participants of this research felt the media considered they were ‘to blame’, even though the majority of them had a healthy, well-balanced lifestyle prior to their heart event. An analysis of newspaper articles indicates that the use of the Heart Foundation brand name, or a passing mention of heart disease, was often used to raise the salience of the newspaper article, particularly in terms of its title.
This research provides valuable insights into the heart patient’s journey as each individual recreates and re-identifies as a heart patient. Most importantly, this research allows participants’ voices to be heard.