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Journal articles on the topic 'Hearing aid sector'
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1
Brown, Neville. "Hearing Aid Dispensing in the Private Sector." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 106, no. 3 (June 1986): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408610600308.
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Berlian, Ong, Bangun Lubis, Merry Asry Mulyana, and Trecy Austin. "PROGRAM BANTUAN ALAT BANTU DENGAR BAGI KAUM LANJUT USIA DI KELURAHAN PANGKALAN BALAI KECAMATAN BANYUASIN III." PAPATUNG: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Pemerintahan dan Politik 5, no. 3 (December 22, 2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/japp.v5i3.635.
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The aim of this study was to find out the Hearing Aid Assistance Program for the Elderly in Pangkalan Balai Village, Banyuasin III District using qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the Hearing Aid Assistance Program for the Elderly has not been implemented properly due to several obstacles in the distribution of hearing aids for the elderly. The productivity dimension, in terms of service, the attitude of the Banyuasin district social service staff is sometimes not responsive in handling requests for hearing aid assistance for the elderly. The mechanism dimension, in terms of distribution procedures, is basically the main activity carried out by the Banyuasin Regency Social Service in distributing hearing aid aid for the elderly in Pangkalan Balai Village, namely meeting the need for aids for people in need. The responsiveness dimension, in terms of community response, is quite good. The distribution of hearing aids for the elderly in the Pangkalan Balai Village by the Banyuasin Regency Social Service had a positive impact. The targets of the results to be achieved by the Banyuasin District Social Service for the sector of providing and distributing hearing aid assistance to the elderly in Pangkalan Balai Village are that hearing aid assistance services are met evenly for a number of elderly people.
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Dutt, Sunil N., Ann-Louise McDermott, Richard M. Irving, Ivor Donaldson, Ahmes L. Pahor, and David W. Proops. "Prescription of binaural hearing aids in the United Kingdom: a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, S28 (June 2002): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215021911275.
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The purpose of this questionnaire study was to evaluate the existing knowledge of binaural hearing and the attitudes and practices of prescribing bilateral hearing aids amongst otolaryngologists in the United Kingdom. Of the 950 questionnaires sent to the current members of the British Association of Otolaryngologists and Head and Neck Surgeons (BAO-HNS), there were 591 respondents (62 per cent). The true response rate with completed questionnaires was 59 per cent. Eighty-one per cent of the respondents were aware of the importance of binaural hearing and had a positive attitude towards binaural fitting. The practice of bilateral hearing aid prescriptions was found to be poor amongst all grades on the NHS (less than 10 per cent of all hearing aid prescriptions). This practice in the private sector was variable, dependent largely on patient preference and affordability. The practice of binaural prescription was higher for patients in the paediatric age group than amongst adults. Two common indications for hearing aid prescriptions for unilateral deafness were otitis media with effusion in children (23 per cent of respondents) and for tinnitus masking in adults (12 per cent of respondents). Many otolaryngologists believed that there was not enough evidence to support bilateral bone-anchored hearing aid implantation and bilateral cochlear implantation. Ninety-four per cent of the respondents believed that binaural hearing was as important as binocular vision.
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Lisonbee, Dale L. "Telepractice and the Public Sector Audiologist." Perspectives on Hearing Conservation and Occupational Audiology 12, no. 1 (December 2011): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/hcoa12.1.24.
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The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) defines telepractice as the application of telecommunications technology to deliver professional services at a distance by linking clinician to client; or clinician to clinician for assessment, intervention, and/or consultation (ASHA, 2005a). Telepractice has become a standard delivery process for the medical community. ASHA has recognized telepractice as a viable and appropriate venue for audiologist. They have provided a position statement to guide audiologists using telepractice. The advent of high speed Internet and computerized testing equipment has increased the capability of audiologists to use telepractice technology. Research has shown significant evidence that telepractice could be used to provide many aspects of audiological assessment and treatment. There are three types of telepractice technology that can be used to aid the audiology practice: synchronous, which uses real time technology, asynchronous, which uses store-and-forward technology, and hybrid, which is a combination of both. Telepractice could be a valuable resource for public sector audiologists in the near future. Newborn hearing screening and educational audiology programs will likely benefit greatly from the use of telepractice. If the advances in technology continue at the current pace, telepractice will be poised to help provide services to difficult-to-reach patients all over the world.
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Gillett, D., J. W. Fairley, T. S. Chandrashaker, A. Bean, and J. Gonzalez. "Bone-anchored hearing aids: results of the first eight years of a programme in a district general hospital, assessed by the Glasgow benefit inventory." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 7 (May 4, 2006): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106001277.
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Objectives: To report the clinical results of a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) programme in a district general hospital, compared with those in an established, large, university teaching hospital centre.Design: A retrospective postal questionnaire sent to BAHA patients, with two month waiting time and one reminder, combined with case note analysis. Results compared by appropriate statistical tests with published outcomes data from the largest UK series.Setting: Public sector (National Health Service) district general hospital, England. Catchment population: 300 000 (mixed rural and small towns).Participants: Case note analysis of sixty-three patients implanted between 1994 and 2003 (age range, six to 88 years). The commonest indication was chronic otitis media, with inability to wear a conventional hearing aid. Otitis externa, otosclerosis and sensorineural hearing loss were other indications. The questionnaire was sent to 59 patients who had worn their aid for at least six months; it was returned by 41 (69 per cent).Main outcome measures: Glasgow benefit inventory (GBI, change in health status following otolaryngological intervention); incidence of complications.Results: Bone-anchored hearing aid implantation significantly improved quality of life as measured by the GBI (p < 0.001). The degree of improvement was similar to that achieved in Birmingham by Proops et al. (p > 0.05, chi-squared test). Minor temporary skin infection was common (33 per cent). Thickening of the skin around the implant occurred in 17 per cent. One implant (2 per cent) failed. There were no serious complications.Conclusion: The BAHA is a safe, reliable and effective treatment for selected patients. A successful BAHA programme can be run in a district general hospital.
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Liyanagunawardena, Tharindu. "Automatic Transcription Software: Good Enough for Accessibility? A Case Study from Built Environment Education." EDEN Conference Proceedings, no. 1 (June 16, 2019): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0043.
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The increasing use of multimedia in learning resources in higher education poses a challenge for learners with hearing disabilities, unless these are accompanied by transcripts or captions. This paper reports on a small study where six Automatic Transcription Software (ATS) were analysed for their accuracy. Although economical and timesaving, at present, it seems an automatically generated transcript is not yet accurate enough to be an accessibility aid for the subjects relating to built environment sector.
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Clerc, Frédéric, and Benoit Pouyatos. "A Case Study about Joining Databases for the Assessment of Exposures to Noise and Ototoxic Substances in Occupational Settings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084455.
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Evaluating risks associated with multiple occupational exposures is no easy task, especially when chemical and physical nuisances are combined. In most countries, public institutions have created databases, which gather extensive information on occupational exposures or work-related diseases. Unfortunately, these tools rarely integrate medical and exposure information, and, above all, do not take into account the possible adverse effects of co-exposures. Therefore, an attempt to exploit and join different existing databases for the assessment of the health effects of multiple exposures is described herein. This case study examines three French databases describing exposures to noise and/or ototoxic chemicals (i.e., toxic to the ear) and the incidence rate of occupational deafness in different sectors. The goals were (1) to highlight occupational sectors where the workers are the most (co)exposed and (2) to determine whether this approach could confirm the experimental data showing that this co-exposure increases the risk of developing hearing loss. The results present data per occupational sector exposing workers to noise only, ototoxic chemicals only, noise and ototoxic chemicals, and neither of these two nuisances. The ten sectors in which the proportion of exposed workers is the highest are listed. This analysis shows that the rate of hearing loss in these sectors is high but does not show an increased incidence of hearing loss in co-exposed sectors.
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Shafqat, Faseeha. "STRESSORS FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANT IN PAKISTAN." Rehabilitation Journal 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/trj.v3i01.21.
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Cochlear implants (CI) are electronic devices that are surgically implanted in children with profound hearing loss to enable them experience sensation of sound. U.S was the first to approve CI surgeries for children in 1990 and the minimum age was lowered to 12 months by U.S Food and Drug Administration by 2002.1 Growing numbers of evidence has demonstrated positive outcomes of CI in language and communication by improving children’s speech perception and speech production.2 Outcomes of CI are neither instant nor irrefutably assured and demands continuous effortful habilitation process to prove this surgery a wise decision.3,4 Evidence shows great variability in outcomes following CI which indicates that children may continue to show hearing and communication problems.5 Long-term habilitation processes of CI and continued exposure to difficulties generate many stressors to parents along with challenges to parental role. Furthermore, to ensure success of CI, parents play a key role by complying with whole rehabilitation process. Therefore any factor that can cause stress for parents and destroys their mental health, can affect child’s progress. Literature reveals that psychological distress is more experienced among parents of children with CI not only in comparison to parents of normal hearing children6 but also do parents of deaf and conventional hearing aid users.7 In Pakistan CI programme began in 2000 and at that time due to financial constraints only few patients were able to afford this and faced many difficulties in its long term rehabilitation process.8 Currently many hospitals in liaison with international companies are offering CI surgeries with habilitation services. Some of those hospitals are Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Capital Development hospital Islamabad, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Bahria International Hospital Lahore and Central park hospital Lahore. Many schemes also provide free cochlear implant surgery services with one year fund for habilitation services i.e. audiological services and speech therapies. It is commendable that services to patients of CI in Pakistan are growing at exponential rate from selection of CI candidate to habilitation process post-surgery, but parallel to that parents’ increasing stress level affecting their psychosocial life cannot be ignored. It has been observed that at first hand CI poses great financial burden that can continue to upheaval at any stage of life even after bearing expense of costly CI surgery, when any piece of device gets damaged or need repair. Even if insurance is sought it requires depositing minimum eighty thousand rupees per year that is only affordable for high economic strata. Services of CI surgeries are only offered in few big cities and for every mapping and follow up. Patients from far-flung areas are required to travel long distances and for life long they become dependent on their CI panel and/or company no matter how many difficulties, bad attitude and unprofessional habilitation services they witness and face. Parents victimhood shout out that many public and private sector institutes claim that they provide Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) but in actual these institutes are filled with trainees who themselves do not know the exact approach and trains child on total communication approach that make child dependent on gestures, lip reading and loud voice from messenger that overall affects typical milestones of listening development. Such truths get exposed when child was assessed by some expert speech therapist. Parents also reported that at times remarks of audiologist get stressful when within few months of implant they compare their child with some other child and states that the other one has got much verbal as compared to your child or why he/she hasn’t started speaking yet. In opinion of parents who have gone through this long journey, many audiologists except few don’t seem to be aware of typical listening milestones. Many parents reported that speech therapy is a long-term process which itself carries financial load but even it is taken, you can never be assured that therapist is following standardized steps or not. Some parents reported that we immediately got happy when our child started uttering many word within few therapy sessions soon after device switched on but after long time they got to know that these words are not in child’s listening but only taught with lip-reading for immediate results. When conflict arises in opinions and practices of professionals serving CI patients, then conflict among parents of CI children also arise when each parent gets believer of different professional opinion. This difference of opinion consequently leads to stress in their marital and family life. Increased stress level among parents of cochlear implanted children is an indication of serious threat to the mental and emotional health of a family system rearing such child. Studies should be conducted to figure out all possible factors rooting this stress. Though, it is not possible for multidisciplinary team (MDT) of CI to lower the stress that arises secondary to expense of CI but stressors that up thrust due by malpractice and inappropriate guidance of members in MDT should be eradicated by ensuring provision of trained professionals.
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Thaper, Ravinder, Richard Sesek, Richard Garnett, Yadrianna Acosta-Sojo, and Gregory T. Purdy. "The Combined Impact of Hand-Arm Vibration and Noise Exposure on Hearing Sensitivity of Agricultural/Forestry Workers—A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 4276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054276.
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Hand-arm vibration (HAV), which potentially causes vibration white finger (VWF), and occupational noise are serious issues in the agricultural and forestry industries. Generally, agricultural workers operate as single-family/small businesses and thus are exempted from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations/laws for noise and HAV otherwise applicable to other industries in general. The agricultural/forestry sectors are at increased risk as working hours are longer than a typical 8-h work shift putting them at greater risk of hearing loss. The study was conducted to assess the possible association between hearing sensitivity on combined exposure to noise and hand-arm vibration. A systematic literature review was conducted on exposure to noise and HAV in the agricultural/forestry sector and the resulting impacts on hearing. The peer-reviewed articles in English were searched with 14 search words in three databases of PubMed, Ergo Abstracts, and Web of Science without any filter for the year for fully available article text. The database literature search resulted in 72 articles. Forty-seven (47) articles met the search criteria based on the title. Abstracts were then reviewed for any relationship between hearing loss and hand-arm vibration/Raynaud’s phenomenon/VWF. This left 18 articles. It was found that most agricultural workers and chainsaw workers are exposed to noise and VWF. Hearing is impacted by both noise and aging. The workers exposed to HAV and noise had greater hearing loss than non-exposed workers, possibly due to the additive effect on temporary threshold shift (TTS). It was found that VWF might be associated with vasospasm in the cochlea through autonomous vascular reflexes, digital arteries narrowing, vasoconstriction in the inner ear by noise, ischemic damage to the hair cells and increased oxygen demand, which significantly affects the correlation between VWF and hearing loss.
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Moroe, Nomfundo, Katijah Khoza-Shangase, Amisha Kanji, and Liepollo Ntlhakana. "The management of occupational noise–induced hearing loss in the mining sector in Africa: A systematic review – 1994 to 2016." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 49, no. 5 (May 2018): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957456518781860.
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Literature into exposure to occupational noise in developing countries suggests that the prevalence of occupational noise–induced hearing loss is still high. There is also evidence that the mining industry is aware of this epidemic; however, the efforts to curb occupational noise–induced hearing loss are currently unsuccessful. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore and document current evidence reflecting trends in the management of occupational noise–induced hearing loss in the mining industry in Africa from 1994 to 2016. A systematic literature review was conducted in line with the Cochrane collaboration guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Electronic bibliographic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus MEDLINE were searched. A total of 1212 titles and abstracts were identified; of which only nine papers formed part of this study. The results indicated that there is a dearth of research on the management of occupational noise–induced hearing loss in Africa. The limited research on the management of occupational noise–induced hearing loss focuses on some aspects of the hearing conservation programme pillars and not on all the pillars as suggested by some scholars in the field. Furthermore, these studies had small sample sizes thereby, minimizing their generalization. There is therefore a need for more studies on the management of occupational noise–induced hearing loss in the mining sector, as there is evidence to suggest that occupational noise–induced hearing loss in African countries is still on the rise.
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Rahman, M. Mustafizur, Md Rabiul Islam, M. A. Khan, and M. Mostafizur Rahman. "Smart Stick-Based Succeed Walking Activity for Visually Impaired Individuals." Journal of Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences 7, no. 3 (December 21, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jiis.2022.v07i03.005.
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Visual impairment, which means that a person’s eyesight cannot be corrected to the normal level, is the curse. If individuals are partially blind, they have limited vision and may have blurry vision or an inability to distinguish the shapes of objects. Complete blindness means individuals cannot see at all. Worldwide there has a large visually impaired population, and a large part is in developing and emerging countries. Vision difficulty always makes a person’s life hard, and poorness adds a new dimension. Technology is advancing and aids, like all other sectors, visually impaired individuals in performing daily activities, including walking to travel distances. Most of the technologies are costly and difficult to bear for poor visually impaired individuals, especially people in emerging and developing countries. This research aims to develop a cost-effective technology to aid visually impaired individuals. We implemented the system using a microcontroller, sonar sensor, micro coin vibration motor, and light-depending resistor as the main components. The results demonstrate that the developed technology can aid visually impaired individuals and add new facilities if there have hearing disabilities. The developed cost-effective technology, therefore, provides the best solution for a large number of visually impaired individuals.
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Murphy, William J. "National occupational research agenda for hearing loss in the manufacturing sector." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (March 2010): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3383543.
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Bhamjee, Aaqilah, Talita le Roux, Kurt Schlemmer, Marien Alet Graham, and Faheema Mahomed-Asmail. "Audiologists’ Perceptions of Hearing Healthcare Resources and Services in South Africa’s Public Healthcare System." Health Services Insights 15 (January 2022): 117863292211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329221135424.
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Background: Hearing loss poses a significant burden globally. Its prevalence is exceptionally high in countries across the African region, where healthcare resources and services remain inaccessible. This study aimed to describe audiologists’ perceptions regarding hearing healthcare resources and services within South Africa’s public healthcare system. Methods: A national self-developed telephonic survey was conducted with audiologists in public healthcare system hospitals across South Africa, with the final sample comprising 100 audiologists. Results: Most (82%) audiologists indicated that their hospitals did not have adequate hearing healthcare resources to render efficient audiology services to patients. Binaural amplification devices (invasive and non-invasive) for adults with bilateral hearing loss who adhered to the criteria for these devices were perceived to be unavailable in most hospitals. Audiologists also perceived that universal newborn hearing screening services, adult aural rehabilitation services, and follow-up care for all hearing devices post-warranty expiration were limited. Conclusion: Efforts should be made to upsurge hearing healthcare resources, including increasing the financial budgets allocated to audiology resources so that increased diagnostic and screening audiology equipment and hearing devices can be procured where required, and additional audiologists can be employed within the South African public sector hospitals where needed.
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Porter, Ann, Peter Creed, Michelle Hood, and Teresa Y. C. Ching. "Parental Decision-Making and Deaf Children: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 23, no. 4 (June 27, 2018): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/eny019.
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Abstract Parents or caregivers of children who are deaf or hard of hearing are required to make complex and rational decisions soon after the confirmation of hearing loss. Ways of facilitating decision-making have been a focus within the healthcare sector for two decades and shared decision-making is now widely viewed as the standard for good clinical care. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify the extent to which the principles of shared decision-making and informed choice have been implemented for parents when they make decisions related to their children with permanent hearing loss. Five databases were searched for peer-reviewed papers describing the results of original research published from 2000 to 2017, yielding 37 relevant papers. Studies were reviewed using the three phases of decision-making—information exchange, deliberation, and implementation. Two decisions dominated these studies—implantable devices and communication modality. Most papers dealt with decision-making in the context of bilateral hearing loss, with only one study focusing on unilateral hearing loss. The review identified gaps where further research is needed to ensure the lessons learnt in the broader decision-making literature are implemented when parents make decisions regarding their child who is deaf or hard of hearing.
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Helfer, Thomas M., Robyn B. Lee, Dorina C. Maris, and Anne R. Shields. "Wanted." American Journal of Audiology 12, no. 1 (June 2003): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2003/006).
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The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH, 2000) has presented principles and guidelines for universal newborn hearing screening and early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI). The guidelines describe the need for a national data set for early hearing detection and intervention. The guidelines fail to provide the specific constructs for such a data set. To the authors’ knowledge, no nationally proposed uniform data structure exists to capture EHDI services’ outcome metrics. This article presents a proposed newborn hearing screening and EHDI data model. This model was developed to record EHDI outcomes data from Military Health System birthing centers. The data are to be collected for tracking implementation of Healthy People 2010 goals related to newborn hearing screening and EHDI programs within the Military Health System. In this article, the authors use the T. Helfer, A. Shields, and K. Gates (2000) methods to model a uniform structure for collection of newborn hearing screening and EHDI data. They also discuss expansion of the data model for application to public health reporting of EHDI outcomes in the civilian sector to include integration of Census Bureau demographic data and geographic information system data to further enhance the research value of these EHDI outcomes data. They offer the data model with the intention of supporting national research efforts for studying the efficacy of EHDI programs and to help establish a national evidence-based practice database for such programs.
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Theunissen, Marianne, and Dewet Swanepoel. "Early hearing detection and intervention services in the public health sector in South Africa." International Journal of Audiology 47, sup1 (January 2008): S23—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14992020802294032.
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Sekhon, Nimarpreet K., Elizabeth A. Masterson, and Christa L. Themann. "Prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers within the services sector, 2006–2015." International Journal of Audiology 59, no. 12 (July 1, 2020): 948–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2020.1780485.
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Kanji, Amisha, and Katijah Khoza-Shangase. "Objective Hearing Screening Measures: An Exploration of a Suitable Combination for Risk-Based Newborn Hearing Screening." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 06 (June 2018): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16155.
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AbstractThe ideal hearing screening measure is yet to be defined, with various newborn hearing screening protocols currently being recommended for different contexts. Such diverse recommendations call for further exploration and definition of feasible and context-specific protocols.The aim of the study was to establish which combinations of audiological screening measures provide both true-positive (TP) and true-negative (TN) results for risk-based hearing screening, at and across time.A longitudinal, repeated-measures design was employed.Three-hundred and twenty-five participants comprised the initial study sample. These participants comprised newborns and infants who were discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit and high care wards to “step down” wards at two public sector hospitals within an academic hospital complex.Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) were conducted at the initial and repeat hearing screening. Diagnostic audiological assessments were also conducted. Results from combinations of audiological screening measures at the initial and repeat hearing screening were analyzed in relation to the final diagnostic outcome (n = 91). Participants were classified as presenting with an overall “refer” if the outcome for any one test was “refer.” The overall screening outcomes for different test combinations were compared using McNemar’s test for paired data. Proportions across different test combinations were compared by the z-test for proportions.Because of the absence of participants with hearing loss in the current study sample, analysis could only be conducted in relation to TN findings (specificity) and not TP findings (sensitivity). The percentage of TN findings was highest at the repeat hearing screening using any test or combination of tests when compared with findings from the initial hearing screening. TEOAE combined with AABR (TEOAE/AABR) (p < 0.0001), DPOAE combined with AABR (DPOAE/AABR) (p < 0.0001), and the combination of all three screening measures (p < 0.0001) yielded the highest percentage specificity at the repeat hearing screening when compared with the initial hearing screening.The best specificity was noted at the repeat hearing screening. Within a resource stricken context, where availability of all screening measures options may not be feasible, current study findings suggest the use of a two-stage AABR protocol or TEOAE/AABR protocol.
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BUTKUS, Ričardas, Alvidas ŠARLAUSKAS, and Gediminas VASILIAUSKAS. "PROGNOSTICATION OF NOISE EXPOSURE RISK ON WORKERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH IN LITHUANIA." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 23, no. 2 (June 8, 2014): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2014.919923.
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This study explores the association between the levels of noise exposure at various sectors of economic activity and the percentage distribution of workplaces where these levels can occur. The results of the research are based on statistical data which was collected at various workplaces at the sectors of construction, transport, agriculture and forestry, electricity, water and gas supply etc. These results include the mathematical analysis of noise levels at 748 workplaces. These workplaces were sectioned by economic activity sector and percentage distribution was calculated as a ratio between the actual and total number of places where the respective noise level was exceeded. Probability index was calculated as a descriptive parameter for the evaluation of workplaces at various levels of noise exposure level normalized to a nominal 8 hour working day (LEX, 8h). Results show that highest number of workplaces where LEX, 8h was exceeded was at the companies of wood processing and furniture manufacturing. LEX, 8h of 80 dB(A) was exceeded at 77%, LEX, 8h = 85 dB(A) – 72% and LEX, 8h = 87 dB(A) – 68% of all the workplaces. This shows that hearing loss occurrence is likely and it can be assessed as “very risky” or “potentially risky” at the companies of wood, metal and textiles ectors (probability index’s values from 0,087 to 0,032 respectively).
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Ali, Shayma S. "Knowledge and Practice of Sectors of Health-Care Workers towards Universal Precautions in Baghdad Teaching Hospital." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 57, no. 1 (November 25, 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.571309.
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Background: Universal precautions, as defined by centers for disease control (CDC), are a set of precautions designed to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus , hepatitis B virus , and other blood borne pathogens when providing first aid or health care .Objectives: To measure knowledge of and practice towards universal precautions among healthcare workers (apart from doctors) in Baghdad Teaching Hospital .Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of two months from 26th of February to the end of April 2007 in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City ,Baghdad to assess the knowledge and practice of 110 health care workers towards the use of universal precautions in their daily work and to assess the effect of different factors on both knowledge and practice ( including :age , years of experience gender ,level of education ,occupation and hearing about universal precautions ) .Results: The study showed that (52.7%) had heard about universal precautions with an overall low understanding of precautions except concerning disposal of sharp instruments, use of protective equipment and clean of spilled blood .Health workers showed difficulty to distinguish deep body fluids to which universal precautions should be applied from body secretions to which they are not applied (saliva and sweat) . Good practices were reported regarding hand washing, disposal of needles and sharps,and gloves, masks and gown usage. This study showed that hearing about universal precautions had no positive effect on knowledge as those who had heard about universal precautions had mean knowledge score of (5.9) from total score of (10) which is lower than those who never heard with mean knowledge score of (6.1) ,in contrast to practice score which was higher in those who heard about universal precautions (8.4) than those who never heard (8), from total score of (10).Conclusion: universal precautions were not only insufficiently but also selectively understood and applied so great work should be done in form of pre- and in-service education and training programs to the staff with good supply of protective equipment to implement universal precautions on scientific and practical basis in near future.
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Rusli, Mohamad Saifuddin, and Zainuddin Ibrahim. "Augmented Reality (AR) for Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) for Animation." e-Academia Journal 11, no. 2 (November 20, 2022): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v11i2.20442.
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Augmented Reality (AR) technology in education faces a significant gap, especially for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students. Research has shown the vast growing technologies for AR in many sectors; however, implementing the technologies towards education for DHH students is still lacking in Malaysia. This study aims to provide a rationale and justification for using AR technologies for DHH students for Animation. Based on the literature review, five important keys drive the research questions. For the context of this paper, the three considerable keys are AR as a teaching aid (1), the importance of Art and Design (2), and social stigma (3). These primary keys are to support and justify this research. An interview was conducted with teachers who teach DHH students to further help the three primary keys. An interview with the AR developer was also conducted for this research. The study developed an AR with Animation based on the interview and record-keeping. The results show that implementing this technology will significantly impact DHH students, especially in Art and Design. When exploring and using the AR Application, DHH students felt awkward. They were unfamiliar with the use of AR applications in their class. Nevertheless, they all enjoyed using it as it will have vast potential and possibility. As technology grows, DHH students will be one step ahead of others. It is worth mentioning the social stigma among them and how future research would continue to diminish the social stigma.
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Ross, Liz, Craig Cathcart, and Phil Lyon. "Consumer choice for hearing aids and listening devices: newspaper advertisements for UK private sector provision." International Journal of Consumer Studies 35, no. 1 (September 15, 2010): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00933.x.
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Edelman, Gill, and Alex Hall. "Innovation and Partnership: The Voluntary Sector Contribution." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 33, S1 (January 1998): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13682829809179386.
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Gladden, Chad, Lucille Beck, and David Chandler. "Tele-audiology: Expanding Access to Hearing Care and Enhancing Patient Connectivity." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 09 (October 2015): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14107.
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Background: Tele-audiology within the Department of Veterans Affairs has expanded significantly in response to growing Veteran hearing needs and issues, namely maldistribution of provider resources and continued lags in timely access to care. Although tele-audiology originated from successive telemedicine programs dating back to the early 1960s, the innovation that is currently being developed broadens tele-audiology and hearing care practice to virtual care modalities such as clinical video telehealth, store-and-forward telehealth, home telehealth, mobile health applications, secure messaging, and electronic consults. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to address current and emerging tele-audiology initiatives in context of a connected health care practice model. It includes information on initiatives within the Department of Veterans Affairs, provides an overview of current and potential modalities for improving patient hearing care, and identifies the challenges that exist in implementing and sustaining these services. Information is intended to stimulate creative thinking about future innovative service delivery models. Conclusion: Significant challenges exist in the evolution of innovative tele-audiology services. Despite barriers, these initiatives have the potential to match existing capacity with emerging patient demands in a mutually beneficial partnership and can be successfully integrated into diverse health care and private sector organizations.
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Lucas, David, Thierry Sauvage, Anne Sophie Forestier, Richard Pougnet, Greta Gourier, Brice Loddé, and Dominique Jégaden. "Hearing Impairment in French Merchant Seafarers: Retrospective Study on Data from 8308 Audiometric Tests." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 8796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148796.
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Background: A high level of occupational noise exposure has been noted in the fishing sector. Yet, less is known regarding other navigation groups, such as merchant seafarers, since a French study in the 1980s. This study assesses hearing impairment (HI) in a French merchant seafarers’ population. Methods: We collected data of all audiograms performed in 2018 and 2019 for French merchant seafarers. For each seafarer, hearing ability was measured in both ears using pure-tone audiometry at the following frequencies: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. Hearing threshold levels (HTLs), or the intensity of sound below which no sound is detected, were measured in decibels Sound Pressure Level (dB SPL) at each frequency and recorded in 5 dB increments. For HI, we used the validated definition of the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA). Results: We were able to include statistical analysis results of 8308 audiograms. In a multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, experience, and class of navigation, we found that experience of more than 14 years Odds Ratio OR 1.28 (CI 95% 1.07–1.53), age 31–40 OR 2.2 (CI 95% 1.4–3.4), and >40 years OR 14, 3 (IC 95% 9.7–21) and marine engineers OR 1.26 (IC 95% 1.01–1.57) were still risk factors for HI. Conclusion: In 2018, Marine engineers were still the workers’ group with a higher risk of HI in merchant seafarers but, notch at 4 Hz, specific of noise-induced hearing loss, has improved. They have an HI close to the definition of socioacousis and mean deficit differences with deck and services’ merchant seafarers improved. Our results could be interpreted as a limitation of occupational noise exposure impact in a merchant seafarers’ population, needing an improvement in prevention measures and also encouraged to continue to improve onboard working conditions.
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Ngouana Kengne, Cyrille Valence, Serge Emeran Menang Evouna, and Dieudonné Bitondo. "Public hearings in environmental and social impact assessment for energy sector projects in Cameroon." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2012.759454.
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Masiero, Mauro, Laura Secco, Davide Pettenella, Riccardo Da Re, Hanna Bernö, Ariane Carreira, Alexander Dobrovolsky, et al. "Bioeconomy perception by future stakeholders: Hearing from European forestry students." Ambio 49, no. 12 (October 13, 2020): 1925–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01376-y.
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Abstract This article provides useful information for universities offering forestry programs and facing the growing demand for bioeconomy education. An explorative survey on bioeconomy perception among 1400 students enrolled in 29 universities across nine European countries offering forestry programs was performed. The data have been elaborated via descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Around 70% of respondents have heard about the bioeconomy, mainly through university courses. Students perceive forestry as the most important sector for bioeconomy; however, the extent of perceived importance of forestry varies between countries, most significantly across groups of countries along a North–South European axis. Although differences across bachelor and master programs are less pronounced, they shed light on how bioeconomy is addressed by university programs and the level of student satisfaction with this. These differences and particularities are relevant for potential development routes towards comprehensive bioeconomy curricula at European forestry universities with a forestry focus.
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Subagio, Hari, Evron Asrial, Yusnaini Yusnaini, Nurul Rosana, Gatut Bintoro, Nuhman Nuhman, and I. Made Kawan. "A Review on Puerulus (Panulirus spp.) Resource Utilization in Indonesia Based on the Sense of Hearing: Auditory Receptor Organs." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 13, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v13i2.26545.
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Highlight ResearchThe mortality of lobster seeds by predators in the first year is 96.0-99.4%It takes technology to catch seeds before being eaten by predatorsApplication of sound wave-based attractor technology to lobstersDo lobsters have the ability to hear sound waves?The lobster's sense of hearing begins to function from the puerulus stage AbstractIndonesia is a country that produces abundant lobster seeds (puerulus), however, there is a paradox, where natural mortality in the first year since entering the settlement phase can reach 96.0-99.4%. The use of lobster resources, especially in the puerulus stage, for cultivation, is very strategic. Therefore, it is necessary to improve puerulus fishing technology. In the capture fisheries sector, the use of the sense of hearing in fish resources has been carried out to increase catch productivity, by utilizing sound wave-based attractors’ technology. For lobster resources, to what extent is this technology applicable? Underwater sound waves are a phenomenon of compression and expansion of a medium as sound energy passes through it. This aspect of the study is still new and very prospective. The purpose of this review article is to answer some basic questions: Can lobsters be able to hear sounds that come from their surroundings, since when do lobsters sense of hearing begin to function, and anatomically what kind of auditory organs are in lobsters. The results of the review conclude as follows: lobsters have senses that are able to perceive or listen to sound waves (sound) from their surrounding environment, this ability has been possessed by lobsters since they were in the postlarva or puerulus stage. Anatomically, the organs that act as the sense of hearing in lobsters are: receptors on the body surface, chordotonal organs and statocyst organs.
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Moroe, Nomfundo, and Katijah Khoza‐Shangase. "Management of occupational noise induced hearing loss in the mining sector in South Africa: Where are the audiologists?" Journal of Occupational Health 60, no. 5 (September 2018): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.2018-0020-oa.
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van der Molen, Henk F., Chiara Marsili, Andrea Vitali, and Claudio Colosio. "Trends in occupational diseases in the Italian agricultural sector, 2004–2017." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 5 (January 29, 2020): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106168.
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ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of, trends in and effect of change in reporting rules on occupational diseases (ODs) in the Italian agricultural sector.MethodsOver a 14-year period (2004–2017), ODs among Italian agricultural workers were diagnosed by physicians and reported to the National Institute for Insurance against Workplace Accidents and Occupational Diseases. OD was defined as a disease with a specific clinical diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases) and was predominantly caused by work-related factors. Trends in incidence and effects of changed eligibility criteria for reporting occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) were estimated using a Poisson regression model.ResultsIn 2017, the incidence of all ODs was 1295 per 100 000 agricultural workers. MSDs (961 per 100 000 workers) were the most frequently occurring ODs. MSDs and NIHL showed statistically significant increasing time trends, 26% and 7% annual increase, respectively, during the 2004–2017 period. There was no statistically significant change in the incidence of occupational respiratory, skin and cancer diseases during the 14-year period. After changes in reporting rules, the incidence of MSDs showed an immediate increased effect, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2.9 (95% CI 2.65 to 3.14) and a significant annual decreasing trend of −9% (95% CI −6% to −12%) over the years after the changed reporting rules (from 2008 to 2017), and an immediate effect on NIHL with an IRR of 1.3 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.53).ConclusionIn total, 1.3% of the Italian agricultural workers were diagnosed in 2017 as having an OD. Over a 14-year period, the annual incidence of ODs showed a considerable increasing trend consistent with changed eligibility reporting criteria for occupational MSDs and to a lesser extent for NIHL.
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Danemayer, Jamie, Dorothy Boggs, Vinicius Delgado Ramos, Emma Smith, Ariana Kular, William Bhot, Felipe Ramos-Barajas, Sarah Polack, and Cathy Holloway. "Estimating need and coverage for five priority assistive products: a systematic review of global population-based research." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 1 (January 2022): e007662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007662.
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IntroductionTo improve access to assistive products (APs) globally, data must be available to inform evidence-based decision-making, policy development and evaluation, and market-shaping interventions.MethodsThis systematic review was undertaken to identify studies presenting population-based estimates of need and coverage for five APs (hearing aids, limb prostheses, wheelchairs, glasses and personal digital assistants) grouped by four functional domains (hearing, mobility, vision and cognition).ResultsData including 656 AP access indicators were extracted from 207 studies, most of which (n=199, 96%) were cross-sectional, either collecting primary (n=167) or using secondary (n=32) data. There was considerable heterogeneity in assessment approaches used and how AP indicators were reported; over half (n=110) used a combination of clinical and self-reported assessment data. Of 35 studies reporting AP use out of all people with functional difficulty in the corresponding functional domains, the proportions ranged from 4.5% to 47.0% for hearing aids, from 0.9% to 17.6% for mobility devices, and from 0.1% to 86.6% for near and distance glasses. Studies reporting AP need indicators demonstrated >60% unmet need for each of the five APs in most settings.ConclusionVariation in definitions of indicators of AP access have likely led to overestimates/underestimates of need and coverage, particularly, where the relationship between functioning difficulty and the need for an AP is complex. This review demonstrates high unmet need for APs globally, due in part to disparate data across this sector, and emphasises the need to standardise AP data collection and reporting strategies to provide a comparable evidence base to improve access to APs.
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Masterson, Elizabeth A., Christa L. Themann, and Geoffrey M. Calvert. "Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among Noise-Exposed Workers Within the Health Care and Social Assistance Sector, 2003 to 2012." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 60, no. 4 (April 2018): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001214.
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Foster, Michele, Jennifer Fleming, and Cheryl Tilse. "Council of Australian Governments' (COAG) Initiative for Young People With Disability in Residential Aged Care: What Are the Issues for Acquired Brain Injury?" Brain Impairment 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2007): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.8.3.312.
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AbstractPeople surviving severe acquired brain injury (ABI) may potentially benefit from the Council of Australian Governments' (COAG) 5-year initiative for young people with disability in residential aged-care facilities. Yet critical examination of this policy initiative for ABI population is warranted for 2 reasons. First, reliance on the disability sector to resolve the complexities of long-term care for people with ABI detracts attention from systemic failures at the health/disability sector interface, and notably, debate concerning the role of, and right to rehabilitation. Second, the COAG initiative is being pursued within an extraordinarily complex and variable contemporary care environment, involving multiple services and sectors, and historically, high unmet need. This raises questions as to the adequacy and sustainability of care provided under the responsibility of state-based disability services. In this article, it is argued that long-term care for young people with severe ABI is better served by incorporating a health and rehabilitation perspective alongside a disability support approach. Although the effectiveness of rehabilitation may be contested in some instances of very severe ABI, nevertheless the role of rehabilitation in seeking to reduce the number of young people at risk of entering residential aged care needs to be addressed in policy solutions. It is also suggested that provision of long time care in the contemporary care environment involves a number of challenges due to the complex and changing patterns of need, diverse funding arrangements and mix of government and nongovernment services, and the increasing demand for care.
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Strickland, Ruth Ann. "Sexual Harassment: A Legal Perspective for Public Administrators." Public Personnel Management 24, no. 4 (December 1995): 493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609502400408.
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Since the Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill hearings, there has been a heightened awareness in the U.S. of sexual harassment in the workplace. Recent case law has given men and women more protections against sexual harassment. At the same time, the liability of employers for acts of harassment in the public and private sector has increased. The purpose of this article is to discuss the issue of sexual harassment from a public administrator's viewpoint. Various types of sexual harassment are identified and preventive and remedial measures are provided.
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Brennan, Deborah. "Counterpoint: Child Care Reform and Labour Market Participation by Women." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 23, no. 3 (September 1998): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919802300303.
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The public hearings conducted by the Senate Inquiry into Child Care Funding earlier this year provided a window onto the concerns of child care service providers and users. As both a participant and an observer at the Sydney hearings I listened to detailed reports of the crisis facing this sector. The reports came from a range of sources: parents, staff, service providers, local councils, early childhood professionals, sponsoring agencies, and peak bodies. Overwhelmingly they presented a consistent and depressing picture: many middle- and low-income Australian families can no longer afford child care; parents are being compelled to reduce the hours their children attend child care or withdraw them from formal care altogether (at the same time reducing their own commitment to paid work); children are increasingly subjected to a patchwork of arrangements involving family care, informal care, and limited formal provision; and some parents, as a last resort, have withdrawn from paid employment.
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St John-Smith, Paul, Albert Michael, and Teifion Davies. "Coping with a coroner's inquest: a psychiatrist's guide." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 15, no. 1 (January 2009): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005058.
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SummaryDuring the period 2000–2004 the average annual suicide rate in England and Wales was 10.2 deaths per 100 000 population over 10 years of age. About a quarter of those who take their own lives are in contact with mental health services in the year before their death. This means that an average in-patient, sector or community psychiatrist is likely to experience the death of at least one patient by suicide in most years. Suicides by patients cause considerable distress for the psychiatrist that is unlikely to resolve until after the coroner's hearing. This article discusses suicide prevention and provides guidance for psychiatrists on preparing for a coroner's inquest following a patient's death that may have been by suicide.
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Fisher, Louis. "How Tightly Can Congress Draw the Purse Strings?" American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (October 1989): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203364.
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Of all the revelations emanating from the Iran-contra hearings, the most startling constitutional claim was the assertion that Congress cannot control foreign affairs by withholding appropriations. According to the argument advanced by some administration officials, if Congress prohibits the use of appropriations for foreign policy objectives—as it did with the Boland amendment—the President can nevertheless continue his goals by soliciting funds from the private sector and from foreign countries. If one well dries up, tap another. This theory has profound implications for executive-legislative relations and constitutional government.
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Pankov, V. A., and M. V. Kuleshova. "Working conditions and occupational risk for workers employed in the open-pit coal mining sector." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 10 (November 30, 2020): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-10-1112-1119.
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Introduction. At coal mining enterprises, working conditions are characterized by an aggregate of hazard factors. The literature does not enough provide information on the hygienic assessment of working conditions and the health status of workers in open-pit coal mining. Material and methods. Hygienic assessment of working conditions was performed at the workplaces of the basic occupations of workers employed at the open-pit coal mining. Occupational morbidity (OM) was analyzed for 2000-2019 years. Occupational risks were assessed as with Fine&Kinney method, matrix method, and Guide R 2.2.1766-2003; we also performed a semi-quantitative risk assessment. Results. Equivalent noise levels for a work shift exceeded hygiene standard by up to 4-12.2 dBA; whole-body vibration - up to 12.3 dB; hand-arm vibration - up to 10.9 dB. Coal dust concentrations exceeded MPC by 1.1-3.2 times. According to parameters characterizing hazards, labor hardness, and labor intensity, working conditions correspond to 3.2-3.3 hazard category. Leading place among occupational disease cases occupy vibration disease and sensorineural hearing loss (63.5[48.8-81.5]% 34.3[10.7-46.3]% accordingly). OR for employees of basic occupations is classified as high. Discussion. Results of working conditions and OR assessment are partially consistent with the other authors’ studies. OM structure in the Irkutsk region coal mining differs from the OM in other regions, due to the peculiarities of the technological process, mining, geological and climatic conditions. Conclusion. The results indicate the lack of effectiveness of existing preventive measures and the necessity to develop a set of measures to preserve the workers’ health employed at open-pit coal mining.
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Alanazi, Abdullah M., Abrar M. Almutairi, Monira I. Aldhahi, Tareq F. Alotaibi, Hassan Y. AbuNurah, Lafi H. Olayan, Turki K. Aljuhani, et al. "The Intersection of Health Rehabilitation Services with Quality of Life in Saudi Arabia: Current Status and Future Needs." Healthcare 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030389.
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Quality of life (QoL) is essential for maintaining a healthy, balanced lifestyle, especially among individuals with chronic diseases. Saudi Arabia (SA) launched a health sector transformation program as part of the nationwide Vision 2030 initiative to ensure the sustainable development of efficient healthcare services, aiming to improve health by increasing well-being and QoL. More investigation into the current status of health rehabilitation services provided to individuals with chronic diseases and future needs to optimize services and improve QoL is needed. This was narratively discussed by experts from different health rehabilitation services in SA. Comprehensive health rehabilitation services including orthopedic, occupational, cardiac, pulmonary, critical care, perioperative, hearing and speech, substance use disorders, and vocational rehabilitation services were addressed. Health rehabilitation services in SA, as in other countries, are suboptimal for individuals in health rehabilitation programs. To optimize the QoL of individuals with chronic diseases, health rehabilitation services should be tailored based on the unique requirements of each service and its serving patients. The shared need to improve health rehabilitation services includes the adoption of home-based and telehealth services, the integration of multi-governmental sectors, the empowerment and allocation of health rehabilitation specialists, public awareness campaigns, policy legislation and guideline development, and the implementation of a long-term follow-up system. This review is one of the first to address the intersection of health rehabilitation services and QoL in SA; urgent and holistic actions are paramount to address the pressing need to optimize SA’s health rehabilitation services. The experts’ recommendations in this study may be applicable to other countries’ health systems, as health rehabilitation services are not well optimized globally.
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Wright, Nicola, Theodore Stickley, Imran Mulla, Edward Bradshaw, Laura Buckley, and Sue Archbold. "Hearing loss and dementia: an exploratory study of the views of audiologists." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 15, no. 4 (December 8, 2014): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-08-2014-0014.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore audiologists, views and experiences of working with older adults with dementia. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was distributed to audiologists working in the UK NHS and private sector via their professional organisations. A total of 312 audiologists took part in the study. The survey collected both quantitative and qualitative data. Basic descriptive statistics summarised the quantitative responses. The qualitative data were analysed using conventional thematic approaches. Findings – The quantitative data demonstrated that the vast majority of audiologists had treated someone with dementia (96 per cent). Despite this, 65 per cent of respondents did not feel adequately supported to help this service user population. Four overarching themes were used to explain the qualitative data: integrated and individualised care; formal (including training) vs experiential knowledge; the interaction between dementia and hearing and using the technology. Research limitations/implications – The self-selecting nature of the sample is a limitation which needs to be taken into account when considering the transferability and implications of the findings. Practical implications – Given the anticipated increase in rates of dementia within the population and the potential for hearing impairment to exacerbate the symptoms; this study highlights the unique role audiologists have. The need for more training and development for this professional group is also identified. Originality/value – This is one of the first papers to explore audiologists, views and experiences of working with people with dementia. As such, it highlights some interesting areas worthy of further research using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
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Lawson, Sean M., Elizabeth A. Masterson, and Amanda S. Azman. "Prevalence of hearing loss among noise‐exposed workers within the Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction sectors, 2006‐2015." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 62, no. 10 (July 26, 2019): 826–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23031.
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Retzler, Jenny, Nick Hex, Chris Bartlett, Anne Webb, Sharon Wood, Caroline Star, Paul Griffiths, and Christine E. Jones. "Economic cost of congenital CMV in the UK." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 6 (November 24, 2018): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316010.
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ObjectiveCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital disability. It can disrupt neurodevelopment, causing lifelong impairments including sensorineural hearing loss and developmental delay. This study aimed, for the first time, to estimate the annual economic burden of managing cCMV and its sequelae in the UK.DesignThe study collated available secondary data to develop a static cost model.SettingThe model aimed to estimate costs of cCMV in the UK for the year 2016.PatientsIndividuals of all ages with cCMV.Main outcome measuresDirect (incurred by the public sector) and indirect (incurred personally or by society) costs associated with management of cCMV and its sequelae.ResultsThe model estimated that the total cost of cCMV to the UK in 2016 was £732 million (lower and upper estimates were between £495 and £942 million). Approximately 40% of the costs were directly incurred by the public sector, with the remaining 60% being indirect costs, including lost productivity. Long-term impairments caused by the virus had a higher financial burden than the acute management of cCMV.ConclusionsThe cost of cCMV is substantial, predominantly stemming from long-term impairments. Costs should be compared against investment in educational strategies and vaccine development programmes that aim to prevent virus transmission, as well as the value of introducing universal screening for cCMV to both increase detection of children who would benefit from treatment, and to build a more robust evidence base for future research.
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Gordon, Rena J. "Congressional and Governmental Agencies." Complementary health practice review 6, no. 3 (July 2001): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153321010100600305.
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Policy, clinical, and research activity in governmental sectors regarding complementa ry and alternative health practices is increasing. Reported in this column are selective policy activities from the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy and from congressional hearings on cancer care. Also reported is a clinical initiative to provide better health care to underserved populations implemented by the Bureau of Primary Health Care. Also noted is a new health services research program of the NIH/NCCAM that targets the challenges in the integration of CAM into the health care system.
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Amaro, Joana, Teresa Monjardino, Raquel Lucas, Mònica Ubalde-Lopez, and Henrique Barros. "O6A.1 Aggregation of work-related health problems throughout working-life in a population-based sample of women." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A50.2—A51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.136.
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IntroductionMultimorbidity potentiates a spectrum of adverse health outcomes that surpass those of individual diseases. However, little is known on disease aggregation related to occupational exposures.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of life course occupational experience on health problem aggregation.MethodsWe evaluated 4330 adult women at the 10-year-old follow-up wave of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, using a self-administered version of the Labour Force Survey item inquiring whether they had ever had a ‘physical or mental health problem that was caused or made worse by your current work or any previous work’ with 11 close-ended and one open-ended response options. Disease aggregation was assessed using principal components (PC) analysis and component scores were summarized by sociodemographic, anthropometric and work-related characteristics.ResultsWe identified five components to describe disease aggregation which accounted for 54.7% of observed variance. PC1 gathered all items on musculoskeletal disorders (back, upper and lower limb); participants with lower educational level, higher BMI, blue-collar jobs, working in the private sector, and with a history of occupational accidents scored higher in this component. PC2 gathered the item on mental disorders (including anxiety and depression) together with headache and/or eyestrain, and showed higher scores among women with higher educational level, white-collar jobs, and in the public sector. PC3 included the item on other disorders (comprising neurological, endocrine, autoimmune and voice-related) with some loading from digestive and hearing disorders, and showed higher scores in older and blue-collar workers. PC4 grouped respiratory with infectious diseases; it associated with working in the public sector and reporting work-related accident history. PC5 was composed by circulatory system conditions and associated with former smoking, higher BMI, and white-collar jobs.ConclusionWork-related diseases aggregated in five distinct components, supporting the need for a shift from a disease-by-disease approach towards a worker-centered approach.
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Graycar, Adam. "Mapping corruption in procurement." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-06-2018-0063.
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Purpose This paper aims to focus on understanding and preventing corruption in procurement in public sector settings. Just as not all corruption is the same, not all procurement is the same. One purpose is to analyze different types of procurements: standard, customized, intangible and complex. Corruption in procurement undermines public administration, and the purpose of this paper is to identify different types of procurements and provide readers with a framework for analysis and subsequent intervention. Design/methodology/approach In all, 42 actual cases of public sector corruption in procurement are examined, and from these, an analytical matrix is developed. These cases are derived from the reports of the New South Wales (Australia) Independent Commission against Corruption. These cases represent all of the procurement cases that the ICAC has taken to a formal hearing in its 30 years of existence. Findings While fraud is a major feature of corruption in procurement, there are significant organizational facilitators, and a number of slippage points in organizations are identified. These include peer culture, lack of due process, temptation and managerial incompetence/willful disregard, and these are built into a matrix which can be used in different countries or settings by readers wishing to understand and prevent different types of corruption in procurement in their agencies. Originality/value This paper uses cases that have not previously been aggregated or analyzed and provides analytical tools for practitioners and academics.
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Johnson, Carole E., Jeffrey L. Danhauer, Ashley S. Page, Barry A. Freeman, Thomas E. Borton, Bettie C. Borton, and Jerry L. Northern. "AuD-Degree Holders in Tenure-Track Positions: Survey of Program Chairpersons and AuD-Degree Holders." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 05 (May 2013): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.5.9.
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Background: The doctor of audiology (AuD) degree is now the entry-level degree for the profession of audiology. Typically, AuD programs train professionals for clinical careers, while those offering PhDs educate students for university teaching and research positions. Some in the communication sciences and disorders have predicted that there could be a shortage of PhDs in academic institutions over the next decade as senior faculty members with PhDs retire, AuD programs expand, and likely fewer students complete PhD degrees or elect to pursue careers in academia. If a PhD shortage becomes a reality, then one solution might be to include AuDs as candidates for vacant academic tenure-track positions. Purpose: To survey AuD-degree holders' (AuDs') and program chairpersons' (chairs') views about AuDs in academic tenure-track positions. Research Design: National Internet survey Data Collection and Analysis: Two questionnaires were designed for this study. One was e-mailed to 1575 “AuDs in general” (randomly sampled from the American Academy of Audiology Membership Directory) and 132 “AuDs in academia.” The other was e-mailed to 64 chairs from programs offering the AuD. The two surveys included similar questions so that comparisons could be made across groups. Potential respondents were e-mailed an informational letter inviting them to participate by completing a survey on SurveyMonkey within a 2 wk period in March and April 2010. This process resulted in three data sets: (1) AuDs in general, (2) AuDs in academia, and (3) program chairs. Results: Return rates were 25, 26, and 45% for the three sampling methods for recruiting AuDs in general, AuDs in academia, and program chairs, respectively. Of the respondents, few AuDs held academic tenure-track positions or had achieved rank and tenure success in them. Those AuDs in academia usually had to meet the same or similarly rigorous criteria (with heavier emphasis on teaching than on research) for advancement as did PhD faculty. Overall, AuDs tended to believe that AuDs could be appointed to and succeed at tenure-track positions; chairs reported that such appointments were not permitted in most programs, did not personally believe that AuDs should hold these positions, and felt that AuDs would have more difficulty than PhDs in achieving success in them. Obstacles to AuDs' success in tenure-track positions reported by all three groups included lack of research skills and mentors, biases from faculty within and outside of audiology departments, and poorer pay than could be earned in the private sector. Conclusions: Considerable variability existed in the types of and titles for faculty positions held by AuDs in academia. Few AuDs were employed in tenure-track positions. Contrary to many of the chairs' responses, most AuDs felt they would be successful in such positions. Many of the AuDs suggested that universities with AuD programs should add more research and mentorship opportunities and tenure tracks for clinicians. Most respondents believed there is a need for both AuDs and PhDs in academic programs. These findings should be of interest to AuDs, chairs, and other stakeholders in academia, and the survey responses identified some areas warranting future investigation.
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Bodansky, Daniel, and Barbara Kwiatkowska. "Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago. Award on Jurisdiction and Merits." American Journal of International Law 101, no. 1 (January 2007): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000029602.
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Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago. Award on Jurisdiction and Merits. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org/ENGLISH/RPC/>, available at 45 ILM 800 (2006).UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal, April 11, 2006.The dispute addressed in the Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago arbitration emerged during nine rounds of negotiations concerning delimitation of die maritime boundary in the western, central, and eastern sectors of their overlapping claims to the continental shelf and 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the Caribbean Sea (five rounds), along with associated questions posed by the continuing access for Barbadian fisherfolk to flying fish stocks south of a prospective equidistance line in the western sector (four rounds). In February 2004, according to Barbados, the prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago declared the issue of the maritime boundary “intractable” (para. 56) and invited Barbados to proceed, if it so wished, with arbitration. Barbados then invoked the compulsory arbitration provisions of Part XV, Section 2, of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention). Upon its establishment, the Annex VII Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Arbitral Tribunal [Tribunal], which comprised President Stephen M. Schwebel and arbitrators Ian Brownlie, Vaughan A. Lowe, Francisco Orrego Vicuña, and Sir Arthur Watts, adopted its Rules of Procedure and issued four orders by year's end. After joining Trinidad and Tobago's preliminary objections to the merits phase, the Tribunal held hearings in London on October 17-28,2005. The vital interests of the two states in valuable oil and fishery resources were reflected in the high intensity of the factual and legal (both procedural and substantive) contentions forcefully disputed by the parties as represented by leading international counsel, and a number of procedurally incidental issues arose in the context of the proceedings’ confidentiality and the treatment of evidence.
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Clark, Christopher J., and Justin W. Jaworski. "Introduction to the Symposium: Bio-Inspiration of Quiet Flight of Owls and Other Flying Animals: Recent Advances and Unanswered Questions." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 5 (September 10, 2020): 1025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa128.
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Synopsis Animal wings produce an acoustic signature in flight. Many owls are able to suppress this noise to fly quietly relative to other birds. Instead of silent flight, certain birds have conversely evolved to produce extra sound with their wings for communication. The papers in this symposium synthesize ongoing research in “animal aeroacoustics”: the study of how animal flight produces an acoustic signature, its biological context, and possible bio-inspired engineering applications. Three papers present research on flycatchers and doves, highlighting work that continues to uncover new physical mechanisms by which bird wings can make communication sounds. Quiet flight evolves in the context of a predator–prey interaction, either to help predators such as owls hear its prey better, or to prevent the prey from hearing the approaching predator. Two papers present work on hearing in owls and insect prey. Additional papers focus on the sounds produced by wings during flight, and on the fluid mechanics of force production by flapping wings. For instance, there is evidence that birds such as nightbirds, hawks, or falcons may also have quiet flight. Bat flight appears to be quieter than bird flight, for reasons that are not fully explored. Several research avenues remain open, including the role of flapping versus gliding flight or the physical acoustic mechanisms by which flight sounds are reduced. The convergent interest of the biology and engineering communities on quiet owl flight comes at a time of nascent developments in the energy and transportation sectors, where noise and its perception are formidable obstacles.
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Calitz, Estian, Krige Siebrits, and Ian Stuart. "Enhancing the accuracy of fiscal projections in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i3.1142.
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The accuracy of the National Treasury's projections of GDP and key fiscal aggregates is comparable to that of the projections of private sector economists, other reputable organisations and the fiscal authorities of other countries. The errors in the projections of the National Treasury have nonetheless been substantial in some years, and have increased from 2000/01 to 2010/11. This paper argues that the credibility of fiscal policy would have been severely tested if the largest annual errors in respect of the various aggregates had coincided. Against this backdrop, the paper makes the case for structured bi-annual discussions of government’s forecasts during public parliamentary hearings as a mechanism for improving the accuracy and credibility of official projections. It also discusses the potential benefits for South Africa of two alternative mechanisms, namely fiscal councils and committees of independent experts.
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Rothman, Franklin D. "A Comparative Study of Dam-Resistance Campaigns and Environmental Policy in Brazil." Journal of Environment & Development 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 317–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10704965-0101004-02.
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This article examines the participation of Brazilian communities in the environmental impact assessment process of five hydroelectric dam projects in Minas Gerais State in the context of privatization of Brazil's electric sector. It focuses on how support of church, university, and environmental activists enabled dam-affected rural populations and their leaders to effectively contest dam plans. Popular rural mobilization and critiques of environmental impacts reports in public hearings by affected people and their allies, reinforced by support from urban political leaders, provided leverage needed by state environmental technocrats to vigorously enforce environmental regulations. Divergent project outcomes included private sponsor withdrawal of three projects and a relatively equitable resettlement agreement of another project. Findings suggest that under certain conditions, prior institutional reforms can facilitate the empowerment of affected people, enabling them to influence environmental decision making and energy policy.