Journal articles on the topic 'Healthy Irish adults'
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O’Sullivan, M., T. Nic Suibhne, G. Cox, M. Healy, and C. O’Morain. "High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy Irish adults." Irish Journal of Medical Science 177, no. 2 (February 15, 2008): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-008-0129-z.
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Kearney, M., JM Kearney, A. Dunne, and MJ Gibney. "Sociodemographic determinants of perceived influences on food choice in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 2 (June 2000): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000252.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify the most important motivations for food choice from the point of view of the consumer in the Irish population, and to characterize those subjects who do and do not regard nutrition as a significant consideration in food choice.DesignAs part of a pan-European Union (EU) survey on consumer attitudes to food, nutrition and health, a quota-controlled, nationally representative sample of Irish adults (n = 1009) aged 15 years upwards, completed an interview-assisted, close-ended questionnaire. Subjects selected three factors, from a list of 15, which they believed had the greatest influence on their food choice.SettingThe interviews for the survey were conducted in subjects' homes.Results‘Quality/freshness of food’ was the most frequently selected food choice factor (51%) followed by ’taste‘ (43%) and ‘trying to eat a healthy diet’ (36%). Female gender, increasing age and higher levels of education were found to be independent sociodemographic factors affecting the selection of ‘trying to eat a healthy diet’ as an important factor in food choice.ConclusionsAlthough included in the top five most frequently selected factors affecting food choice, nutrition/healthy eating does not appear to have top priority for the majority of Irish adults. There are differences between the various sociodemographic groups within the population; males and younger subjects appear to require specific nutrition promotion messages.
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Harrington, Janas M., Darren L. Dahly, Anthony P. Fitzgerald, Mark S. Gilthorpe, and Ivan J. Perry. "Capturing changes in dietary patterns among older adults: a latent class analysis of an ageing Irish cohort." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 12 (February 25, 2014): 2674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000111.
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AbstractObjectiveData-driven approaches to dietary patterns are under-utilized; latent class analyses (LCA) are particularly rare. The present study used an LCA to identify subgroups of people with similar dietary patterns, explore changes in dietary patterns over a 10-year period and relate these dynamics to sociodemographic factors and health outcomes.DesignThe 1998 baseline and 2008 follow-up of the Cork and Kerry Diabetes and Heart Disease Study. Diets were assessed with a standard FFQ. LCA, under the assumption of conditional independence, was used to identify mutually exclusive subgroups with different dietary patterns, based on food group consumption.SettingRepublic of Ireland.SubjectsMen and women aged 50–69 years at baseline (n 923) and at 10-year follow-up (n 320).ResultsThree dietary classes emerged: Western, Healthy and Low-Energy. Significant differences in demographic, lifestyle and health outcomes were associated with class membership. Between baseline and follow-up most people remained ‘stable’ in their dietary class. Most of those who changed class moved to the Healthy class. Higher education was associated with transition to a healthy diet; lower education was associated with stability in an unhealthy pattern. Transition to a healthy diet was associated with higher CVD risk factors at baseline: respondents were significantly more likely to be smokers, centrally obese and to have hypertension (non-significant).ConclusionsLCA is useful for exploring dietary patterns transitions. Understanding the predictors of longitudinal stability/transitions in dietary patterns will help target public health initiatives by identifying subgroups most/least likely to change and most/least likely to sustain a change.
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Hearty, Áine P., and Michael J. Gibney. "Comparison of cluster and principal component analysis techniques to derive dietary patterns in Irish adults." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 4 (June 25, 2008): 598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508014128.
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The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adults using cluster and factor analyses and to examine the format of the dietary variables on the pattern solutions (i.e. expressed as grams/day (g/d) of each food group or as the percentage contribution to total energy intake). Food intake data were derived from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey 1997–9, which was a randomised cross-sectional study of 7 d recorded food and nutrient intakes of a representative sample of 1379 Irish adults aged 18–64 years. Cluster analysis was performed using thek-means algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract dietary factors. Food data were reduced to thirty-three food groups. For cluster analysis, the most suitable format of the food-group variable was found to be the percentage contribution to energy intake, which produced six clusters: ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Continental’; ‘Unhealthy foods’; ‘Light-meal foods & low-fat milk’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Wholemeal bread & desserts’. For PCA, food groups in the format of g/d were found to be the most suitable format, and this revealed four dietary patterns: ‘Unhealthy foods & high alcohol’; ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Sweet convenience foods & low alcohol’. In summary, cluster and PCA identified similar dietary patterns when presented with the same dataset. However, the two dietary pattern methods required a different format of the food-group variable, and the most appropriate format of the input variable should be considered in future studies.
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Corish, Clare A., and Laura A. Bardon. "Malnutrition in older adults: screening and determinants." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 78, no. 3 (December 3, 2018): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665118002628.
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Older adults are at risk of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). PEM detrimentally impacts on health, cognitive and physical functioning and quality of life. Given these negative health outcomes in the context of an ageing global population, the Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life Joint Programming Initiative Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL) sought to create a knowledge hub on malnutrition in older adults. This review summarises the findings related to the screening and determinants of malnutrition. Based on a scoring system that incorporated validity, parameters used and practicability, recommendations on setting-specific screening tools for use with older adults were made. These are: DETERMINE your health checklist for the community, Nutritional Form for the Elderly for rehabilitation, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire-Residential Care for residential care and Malnutrition Screening Tool or Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form for hospitals. A meta-analysis was conducted on six longitudinal studies from MaNuEL partner countries to identify the determinants of malnutrition. Increasing age, unmarried/separated/divorced status (vs.married but not widowed), difficulties walking 100 m or climbing stairs and hospitalisation in the year prior to baseline or during follow-up predicted malnutrition. The sex-specific predictors of malnutrition were explored within The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing dataset. For females, cognitive impairment or receiving social support predicted malnutrition. The predictors for males were falling in the previous 2 years, hospitalisation in the past year and self-reported difficulties in climbing stairs. Incorporation of these findings into public health policy and clinical practice would support the early identification and management of malnutrition.
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Dermiki, Maria, and Jennifer Pope. "149 Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Of Irish Adults Older Than 55 Years." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii1—iii16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz102.32.
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Abstract Background Food is an important part of older people’s life contributing to their physiological and mental well-being and to their satisfaction with life. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the satisfaction with food-related life of Irish community-dwelling adults older than 55 years. Methods A mixed methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a survey which tested how socio-demographic characteristics, food habits, mood and self-perceived health were correlated (Spearman correlation) with the 5 items from the satisfaction with food-related life (SWFL) questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected through open-ended questions which investigated the factors determining food satisfaction levels of the 81 adults (54 women) older than 55 years who participated in the study. Results The highest score (4.3/5) was given to the item from the SWFL questionnaire: “Food and meals are very important elements in my life”, and was regardless of gender, age and marital status of the participants. In contrast, the lowest score (3.9/5) was given to the item “My life in relation to food and meals is ideal”. Spearman’s correlation revealed that fruit consumption was positively correlated “With regard to food, the conditions of my life are excellent” (rho=0.29, p<0.05). The open-ended questions showed that sensory appeal was the most popular term related to food satisfaction levels. Conclusion Meals and food play an important role in older adults’ life; however, participants did not consider their life in relation to meals and food as ideal. Therefore, strategies need to be employed to improve food and meal experience for community-dwelling older adults to keep them healthy for longer. Food industry should focus on developing nutritious and sensory-appealing food for the older consumers. Finally, the finding that consumption of fruit leads to satisfaction with food-related life could be used as a health promotion message to change eating behaviour.
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Sheehan, D., T. Bennett, and K. Cashman. "The genetics of osteoporosis: vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and circulating osteocalcin in healthy Irish adults." Irish Journal of Medical Science 170, no. 1 (January 2001): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03167723.
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Kirsty Forsythe, L., M. Barbara E. Livingstone, Maria S. Barnes, Geraldine Horigan, Emeir M. McSorley, Maxine P. Bonham, Pamela J. Magee, et al. "Effect of adiposity on vitamin D status and the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to supplementation in healthy young and older Irish adults." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 1 (June 28, 2011): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511002662.
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There is increasing epidemiological evidence linking sub-optimal vitamin D status with overweight and obesity. Although increasing BMI and adiposity have also been negatively associated with the change in vitamin D status following supplementation, results have been equivocal. The aim of this randomised, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the associations between anthropometric measures of adiposity and the wintertime serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) response to 15 μg cholecalciferol per d in healthy young and older Irish adults. A total of 110 young adults (20–40 years) and 102 older adults ( ≥ 64 years) completed the 22-week intervention with >85 % compliance. The change in 25(OH)D from baseline was calculated. Anthropometric measures of adiposity taken at baseline included height, weight and waist circumference (WC), along with skinfold thickness measurements to estimate fat mass (FM). FM was subsequently expressed as FM (kg), FM (%), FM index (FMI (FM kg/height m2)) and as a percentage ratio to fat-free mass (FFM). In older adults, vitamin D status was inversely associated with BMI (kg/m2), WC (cm), FM (kg and %), FMI (kg/m2) and FM:FFM (%) at baseline (r − 0·33, − 0·36, − 0·33, − 0·30, − 0·33 and − 0·27, respectively, all P values < 0·01). BMI in older adults was also negatively associated with the change in 25(OH)D following supplementation (β − 1·27, CI − 2·37, − 0·16, P = 0·026); however, no such associations were apparent in younger adults. Results suggest that adiposity may need to be taken into account when determining an adequate wintertime dietary vitamin D intake for healthy older adults residing at higher latitudes.
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Lyons, Jacqueline, Janette Walton, and Albert Flynn. "Larger Food Portion Sizes Are Associated with Both Positive and Negative Markers of Dietary Quality in Irish Adults." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121929.
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Reduction in portion size, particularly for energy-dense foods, is increasingly addressed in healthy eating guidelines in a bid to tackle the obesity epidemic. The effect of portion size on other aspects of dietary quality, such as nutrient intakes, is less studied. The aim of the current work was to investigate associations between food portion sizes and key indicators of dietary quality, namely energy-adjusted intakes of saturated fat, dietary fibre, sodium, calcium, iron, folate and vitamin D, and dietary energy density (DED), in Irish adults on the days the foods were consumed. Data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008–2010) (n = 1274, 18–64 years, 4-day semi-weighed record) were used for the analysis. DED was lower on the days larger portions of boiled potatoes, fruit, vegetables and baked beans were consumed, and higher on the days larger portions of white bread, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTEBCs), frying meats, cheese, butter, biscuits, chocolate and sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed. Micronutrient intakes were higher on the days larger portions of brown bread, RTEBCs, vegetables and low-fat spreads were consumed, and lower on the days larger portions of white bread, butter, biscuits, chocolate, sugar-sweetened beverages and beer/cider were consumed, with the exception of folate. The study identifies foods for which larger portion sizes may be associated with positive dietary attributes, as well as the opposite. It provides an important evidence base from which more specific dietary guidance on food portion sizes might be developed for Irish adults.
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Joyce, Triona, Evelyn M. Hannon, Mairead Kiely, and Albert Flynn. "Analysis of the impact of fortified food consumption on overall dietary quality in Irish adults." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 3 (July 17, 2008): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508009859.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of fortified food (FF) consumption on overall dietary quality in Irish adults. Data for this analysis was based on the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey w7/15/2008hich used a 7 d food diary to collect food and beverage intake data in a representative sample of 1379 Irish adults (662 men and 717 women) aged 18–64 years. Foods contained in the database that are fortified were identified from the presence of vitamins and/or minerals in the ingredient list on the label. The results showed that an increased level of FF consumption was associated with lower intakes (percentage food energy) of total fat and saturated fat (women only) and higher intakes of total carbohydrate, total sugars (but not added sugars) and starch. Increased consumption was associated with a more micronutrient-dense diet and a reduced prevalence of dietary inadequacies of Ca, Fe, riboflavin and folate, particularly in women. Higher FF consumption was associated with higher intakes of fruit, lower intakes of alcohol and a lower likelihood of smoking in men and women. Thus it appears that FF consumption is a marker of both better dietary quality and healthy lifestyle behaviours.
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McCarthy, S. N., M. J. Gibney, A. Flynn, and M. B. E. Livingstone. "Overweight, obesity and physical activity levels in Irish adults: evidence from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 1 (February 2002): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2001121.
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In the present paper the prevalence of obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2) and current physical activity levels in Irish adults have been evaluated. The prevalence of obesity in Irish adults is currently 18 %, with men at 20 % and women at 16 %. A further 47 % of men and 33 % of women are overweight (BMI 25·0–29·9 kg/m2). Since 1990, obesity has more than doubled in men from 8 % to 20 %, and increased from 13 % to 16 % in women. The highest prevalence of obesity (30 %) was found in women aged 51–64 years. Defined waist circumference action levels identified 48 % of the population who are in need of weight management and who also are at a 1·5–4·5 times increased risk of having at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor. Physical activity levels were low overall. Men were more active in work and recreational pursuits than women, but women were more active in household activities. Walking was the most popular recreational pursuit. However, TV viewing occupied most of the leisure time of men and women. Higher levels of activity were associated with a lower BMI and waist circumference. The results indicate the need for sensitive and individualised strategies to promote physical activity and to achieve a healthy weight status.
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Corish, Clare A., and Nicholas P. Kennedy. "Anthropometric measurements from a cross-sectional survey of Irish free-living elderly subjects with smoothed centile curves." British Journal of Nutrition 89, no. 1 (January 2003): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002748.
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Anthropometric screening has been recommended for the detection of undernutrition as it is simple, inexpensive and non-invasive. However, a recent study estimating the prevalence of undernutrition on admission to hospital in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, highlighted that the anthropometric reference data currently available in the UK and Republic of Ireland are inadequate to accurately determine nutritional status. In order to provide current anthropometric data, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 874 free-living, apparently healthy Irish-born elderly individuals aged over 65 years. Height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm and calf circumference were measured, values for BMI, mid-arm muscle circumference and arm muscle area were calculated and smoothed centile data derived for each variable. One-third of these elderly individuals had a BMI between 20–25 k/2, approximately two-thirds (68·5 % of males and 61 % of females) were classified as overweight or obese, almost one-fifth having a BMI over 30 k/2(17 % of men and 20 % of women). Very few were underweight, only 3 % having a BMI below 20 k/2. Height, weight, BMI and muscle reserves decreased with increasing age. The reduction in muscle size was associated with lower handgrip strength. Fat reserves declined with age in females only. Just over half of elderly Irish women reported participating in active leisure of 20 min duration four or more time/eek, although 13 % reported having no involvement in active leisure. These data for the Irish elderly extend the data generated from a recent countrywide survey of Irish adults aged 18–64 years, thus providing suitable reference standards for nutritional assessment of elderly Irish individuals.
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Kehoe, Laura, Janette Walton, Breige McNulty, Anne Nugent, and Albert Flynn. "Energy, Macronutrients, Dietary Fibre and Salt Intakes in Older Adults in Ireland: Key Sources and Compliance with Recommendations." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030876.
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The global population is rapidly ageing. Adequate nutritional status can play a key role in preventing or delaying the progression of age-related diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, dietary fibre and salt in order to determine compliance with recommendations and to identify the sources of these nutrients in older adults (≥65 years) in Ireland. This study is based on data from the cohort of older adults aged ≥65 years (n = 226) in the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010) which estimated food and nutrient intakes in a representative sample of adults 18–90 years using a 4 day weighed food record. This study found that while intakes of macronutrients are generally sufficient in this population group, older adults in Ireland have high intakes of total fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt and low intakes of dietary fibre. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt) to support successful ageing of our population.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.148.
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Abstract The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates, planted 23 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1983. The 3.0-m space between blocks was bare soil. The 4-row plots were separated by 2 rows of untreated potatoes. All rows were machine planted 0.9 in apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy seed pieces (ca. 75g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 8 foliar applications of Diathane M-45 (1681 g/ha the weeks of 9 and 16 Jul, 2242 g/ha the weeks of 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13, 20 and 27 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of egg masses, larvae, and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of the raw data using log10 (x + 1). Means of the sum of each stage of the beetle were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 15.52, 13.74, and 7.26 cm. The average temp for each of the same 3 months was 15.6, 20.0 and 19.7°C.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.119a.
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Abstract The experiments were randomized complete block designs with six replicates each. The four experiments were planted 23 and 24 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1993. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by eight foliar applications of chlorothalonil. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 k liter/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 10.9, 9.6, and 3.3 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.9, 20.3 and 17.7°C.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.158.
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Abstract The experiments were RCB designs with five replicates each The experiments were planted May 15 and 16 at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1994. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of mancozeb. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.47 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 20 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x+1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 3.3, 5.8, and 3.8 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 18.8, 22.0 and 18.0 deg. C.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.161a.
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Abstract The experiments were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates. Experiment CPB-A was planted 8 May, and experiments CPB-B and CPB-C were planted 11 May at Presque Isle, Maine, on land that was in clover in 1986. The 3.0-m space between blocks was bare soil and the 4-row plots were separated by 2 rows of untreated potatoes. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long, and the healthy seed pieces (75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 7 foliar applications of Dithane F-45 (2338 ml/ha the weeks of 6, 13, and 20 Jul; 2806 ml/ha the weeks of 27 Jul and 3, 10, and 17 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles/row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1). Means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using DMRT and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for June, July, and August was 8.8, 7.6, and 4.4 cm, respectively. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 16.5, 19.0, and 19.1°C.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.166.
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Abstract The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates, planted 23 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1984. The 3-m space between blocks was bare soil. The 4-row plots were separated by 2 rows of untreated potatoes. All rows were machine planted 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy seed pieces (ca. 75g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 7 foliar applications of Dithane M-45 (1681 g/ha the weeks of 8 and 15 Jul, 2242 g/ha the weeks of 22, 29 Jul, 12, 19 and 26 Aug) and 1 application of Ridomil 2E (1.17 1/ha 31 Jul). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of the data using log10 (x + 1). Means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 11.2, 13.8, and 6.1 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 mo was 15.6, 19.4 and 17.2°C. Approximately 40 overwintered adult beetles were added to each plot on 26 Jun to supplement the natural population.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.98a.
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Abstract The experiments were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates, except experiment CPB-A which had 4 replicates. Experiment CPB-A was planted 17 May; experiments CPB-B, CPB-C, and CPB-D were planted 29 May; and experiment CPB-E was planted 31 May at Presque Isle, Maine, on land that was in clover in 1989. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots was bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (ca 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and cultivation practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 5 foliar applications of Manex 4 L (2338 ml/ha on 27 Jul; 2806 ml/ha on 3, 9, 16, and 23 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles/row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1), except experiment CPB-A where no transformations were done. Means of all larval stages and adult beetles were compared using DMRT. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 7.3, 10.2, and 14.8 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 mo was 17.6, 19.5 and 19.7 deg C.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.163.
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Abstract The experiments were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates. The south and north experiments were planted 27 and 29 May, respectively, at Presque Isle, Maine, on land that was in clover in 1985. The 3.0-m space between blocks was bare soil and the 4-row plots were separated by 2 rows of untreated potatoes. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long, and the healthy seed pieces (75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 8 foliar applications of Dithane M-45 (1681 g/ha on 7, 14, 21, and 28 Jul; 2242 g/ha on 4, 11, 18, and 25 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1). Means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Duncan's new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for June, July, and August was 5.5, 10.5, and 12.6 cm, respectively. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 14.5, 17.8 and 17.2°C. Approximately 25 over-wintered adult beetles were added to each plot in June to supplement the natural population.
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Sheehan, D., T. Bennett, and K. Cashman. "Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and serum cholesterol in healthy Irish adults: a proposed genetic marker for coronary artery disease risk." Irish Journal of Medical Science 169, no. 1 (January 2000): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03170486.
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Hearty, Á. P., S. N. McCarthy, J. M. Kearney, and M. J. Gibney. "Relationship between attitudes towards healthy eating and dietary behaviour, lifestyle and demographic factors in a representative sample of Irish adults." Appetite 48, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.03.329.
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Collins, Aoife, Kevin D. Cashman, and Máiréad Kiely. "Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels in Irish postmenopausal women." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 5 (May 2006): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061736.
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Low phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes have been associated with low bone mineral density in older adults. Phylloquinone intakes and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels were assessed in ninety-seven apparently healthy, free-living Irish women aged 50–75 years. Phylloquinone intakes were estimated using a detailed dietary history, which measured habitual food intakes from a typical 14 d period, and recently published food composition data for phylloquinone. Fasting serum ucOC was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. The median daily intake of phylloquinone in the group from all sources was 108·8 mg and from food sources only was 106·6 mg, indicating that approximately 99% of the phylloquinone came from food. Vegetables and vegetable dishes contributed 67% of the total phylloquinone intake, but further analysis showed that broccoli, cabbage and lettuce were the primary sources, making a total contribution of 44 %. Twenty per cent of the women had a phylloquinone intake below the UK recommendation of 1μg/kg body weight per day and 34% failed to meet the US Adequate Intake value of 90mg/day. Mean serum ucOC levels in the women were 6·2 (SD 1·7) ng/ml and were predicted by phylloquinone intake (β— 22·20, generated from log-transformed phylloquinone intake data; P=4 0·04). On the basis of comparisons with both UK recommendations and US A equate Intakes for phylloquinone, the habitual intakes of phylloquinone in a high proportion of Irish postmenopausal women may not be adequate.
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Exp60434A (Fipronil), 1991." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.121.
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Abstract The experiment was a randomized complete block design with six replicates and was planted on 16 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1990. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by three foliar applications of Dithane M-45 (80WP) (1.12 kg/ha on 18 and 26 Jul; 2 Aug) and Bravo 720 (840 g/ha on 9 and 23 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kliter/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using logH1(x + 1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 3.7, 1.9, and 21.7 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.1, 19.0 and 19.3 °C.
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Zhao, Yang, Frank J. Monahan, Breige A. McNulty, Mike J. Gibney, and Eileen R. Gibney. "Effect of vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations in a healthy Irish adult population." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 9 (September 23, 2014): 1575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514002438.
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Vitamin E is believed to play a preventive role in diseases associated with oxidative stress. The aims of the present study were to quantify vitamin E intake levels and plasma concentrations and to assess dietary vitamin E adequacy in Irish adults. Intake data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey were used; plasma samples were obtained from a representative cohort of survey participants. Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were measured by HPLC. The main sources of vitamin E in the diet were ‘butter, spreadable fats and oils’ and ‘vegetables and vegetable dishes’. When vitamin E intake from supplements was taken into account, supplements were found to be the main contributor, making a contribution of 29·2 % to vitamin E intake in the total population. Supplement consumers had significantly higher plasma α-tocopherol concentrations and lower plasma γ-tocopherol concentrations when compared with non-consumers. Consumers of ‘vitamin E’ supplements had significantly higher vitamin E intake levels and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations compared with consumers of other types of supplements, such as multivitamin and fish oil. Comparison with the Institute of Medicine Estimated Average Requirement of 12 mg/d indicated that when vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources was taken into account, 100 % of the study participants achieved the recommended intake levels. When vitamin E intake from food sources was taken into account, only 68·4 % of the females were found to achieve the recommended intake levels compared with 99·2 % of the males. The results of the present study show that dietary vitamin E intake has a significant effect on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations. Furthermore, they show that the consumption of supplements is a major contributor to overall intake and has a significant effect on plasma vitamin E concentrations in the Irish population.
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McGarrigle, Lisa, Kate Irving, Martin P. J. van Boxtel, and Lorraine Boran. "Cognitive Reserve Capacity: Exploring and Validating a Theoretical Model in Healthy Ageing." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 6 (May 7, 2019): 603–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000250.
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AbstractObjective:Cognitive reserve (CR) capacity can be viewed as the maximum processing potential of neural systems that support adaptive cognitive performance in age-related cognitive decline. CR is a complex construct that can only be measured indirectly. Proxy measures (e.g., psychosocial/lifestyle variables) are traditionally used to reflect CR. However, strong relationships have been observed between these measures and cognitive functions (e.g., executive function [EF], processing resources [PR], fluid/crystallized abilities); therefore, the organizational structure of indicators implicated in CR remains unclear. The objective of this study was to test a hypothetical, theoretical model of CR capacity that includes both traditional CR proxy indicators and measures of cognitive function [Satz et al. (2011).Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,33(1), 121–130], which remain, as yet, untested.Method:Construct validity of the model was investigated in healthy older adults through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) using data from the Maastricht Ageing Study (MAAS). A secondary CFA was conducted to validate the model using data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).Results:EFA and CFA in MAAS established a two-factor model comprising EF/PR and cumulative cognitive enrichment (CCE), which was further validated in a secondary analysis in TILDA. Convergent and discriminant validity was supported in MAAS (range ofR2= .228–.635; factor correlation confidence interval (CI) = .622, .740) and TILDA (range ofR2= .172–.899; factor correlation CI = .559, .624).Conclusions:A dual model of CR elucidated the relationships between hypothesized indicators of CR capacity and revealed a two-factor structure suggesting that both control (EF/PR) and representational processes (CCE) are involved in CR capacity.
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Kehoe, Laura, Emma O’Sullivan, Chris Cocking, Breige A. McNulty, Anne P. Nugent, Kevin D. Cashman, Albert Flynn, and Janette Walton. "Fresh Beef and Lamb Consumption in Relation to Nutrient Intakes and Markers of Nutrition and Health Status among the Population Aged 5–90 Years in Ireland." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020313.
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The dietary role of meat is under scrutiny for health and environmental reasons, yet a growing body of evidence proposes that advice to limit red meat consumption is unnecessarily restrictive. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ‘fresh beef and lamb’ in the diet of the population (5–90 years) in Ireland and its association with markers of nutrition and health status. Analyses are based on data from three nationally representative dietary surveys in the Republic of Ireland. Dietary intake data were estimated using food records, and nutrient intakes were estimated based on UK and Irish food composition tables. Biochemical samples were collected and analysed using standard procedures. ‘Fresh beef and lamb’ (defined as beef/lamb that had not undergone any preserving process other than chilling/freezing/quick-freezing) was consumed by 68–84% of the population and intakes ranged from 19 to 43 g/d across age groups. It made important contributions to intakes of protein, monounsaturated fat, vitamins D, B12, niacin, iron and zinc while also contributing relatively small proportions of total fat, saturated fat and salt. Higher consumption of ‘fresh beef and lamb’ was associated with higher intakes of protein, niacin, vitamins B6, B12, zinc and potassium (but also total fat) and lower intakes of carbohydrate and total sugars (but also dietary fibre). In adults, older adults and WCBA, higher consumption of ‘fresh beef and lamb’ was not associated with increased risk factors of cardio-metabolic diseases nor was it associated with better or poorer nutritional status for vitamins D, B12 or iron. This study adds to the evidence base on the contribution of ‘fresh beef and lamb’ in the diet and may be useful to policymakers updating guidance for healthy diets from sustainable food systems.
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Donoghue, Orna, Joanne Feeney, Neil O'Leary, and Rose Anne Kenny. "Baseline Mobility is Not Associated with Decline in Cognitive Function in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26, no. 4 (April 2018): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2017.11.006.
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Delaney, Mary, and Mary B. McCarthy. "Saints, sinners and non-believers: the moral space of food. A qualitative exploration of beliefs and perspectives on healthy eating of Irish adults aged 50–70." Appetite 73 (February 2014): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.017.
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Seiger, Emily, Rosebel Ouda, Nathan Ruto, Peter Dianga, Leslie Lytle, Katie Meyer, Alice Ammerman, et al. "“We just eat this food because of hunger or because we cannot afford other foods”: Drivers of Adolescent Food Choice From the Perspectives of Adolescents and Influential Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.061.
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Abstract Objectives Kenya is experiencing rapid urbanization with increasing access to processed food and high rates of stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight/obesity. Rates of overweight and obesity are highest among women in urban areas, but evidence is limited in adolescence, a critical time for habit formation. This study aimed to understand the factors that influence adolescent girls’ food choices. Methods We conducted interviews and free-listing with influential adults (parents and food vendors, n = 7) and adolescent girls (n = 4), and three focus group discussions (FGDs) with pile sorts with 15–19 year old girls (8–11 girls per group) living in Kibera. Participants were purposively sampled. FGDs and interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and translated, and analyzed thematically. Analysts in Kenya and the US coded transcripts using Atlas.ti 9 and met regularly to discuss themes. Results Focus group participants had a mean age of 17.8 years and included girls who were in school, out of school, and working. Participants lived in 10 of 13 villages in Kibera. Across interviews and FGDs, participants described affordability being the primary influence of food choice in Kibera. Influential adults identified that adolescents are most likely to eat foods like chips and sweets compared to adults. Bean and corn stew (githeri), sweet and Irish potatoes, tea without milk, porridge, leafy greens (sukuma wiki), and rice were considered affordable and commonly consumed in Kibera. Tea with milk, stiff maize porridge (ugali), kidney beans (njahe), dairy foods, sweets, and soda were only consumed if families have money. Participants reported it was common to skip meals (typically lunch) to save money for the other meals. During pile sort activities, adolescents demonstrated knowledge of healthy and unhealthy foods. Many adolescents discussed how affordability, foods offered at school, family circumstances, relationships with food vendors, preferences, and peer-pressure influence what they eat. Conclusions Adolescent girls had general knowledge and interest in eating healthy foods, but factors like affordability, place of consumption, and family influence dominate food choices. Adolescents must be involved in the design of interventions to improve their diets. Funding Sources UNC Chapel Hill Nutrition Dept. Pilot Grant.
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Lenighan, Yvonne M., Anne P. Nugent, Kaifeng F. Li, Lorraine Brennan, Janette Walton, Albert Flynn, Helen M. Roche, and Breige A. McNulty. "Processed red meat contribution to dietary patterns and the associated cardio-metabolic outcomes." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002008.
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AbstractEvidence suggests that processed red meat consumption is a risk factor for CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This analysis investigates the association between dietary patterns, their processed red meat contributions, and association with blood biomarkers of CVD and T2D, in 786 Irish adults (18–90 years) using cross-sectional data from a 2011 national food consumption survey. All meat-containing foods consumed were assigned to four food groups (n 502) on the basis of whether they contained red or white meat and whether they were processed or unprocessed. The remaining foods (n 2050) were assigned to twenty-nine food groups. Two-step and k-means cluster analyses were applied to derive dietary patterns. Nutrient intakes, plasma fatty acids and biomarkers of CVD and T2D were assessed. A total of four dietary patterns were derived. In comparison with the pattern with lower contributions from processed red meat, the dietary pattern with greater processed red meat intakes presented a poorer Alternate Healthy Eating Index (21·2 (sd 7·7)), a greater proportion of smokers (29 %) and lower plasma EPA (1·34 (sd 0·72) %) and DHA (2·21 (sd 0·84) %) levels (P<0·001). There were no differences in classical biomarkers of CVD and T2D, including serum cholesterol and insulin, across dietary patterns. This suggests that the consideration of processed red meat consumption as a risk factor for CVD and T2D may need to be re-assessed.
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Cashman, Kevin D., Siobhan Muldowney, Breige McNulty, Anne Nugent, Anthony P. FitzGerald, Mairead Kiely, Janette Walton, Michael J. Gibney, and Albert Flynn. "Vitamin D status of Irish adults: findings from the National Adult Nutrition Survey." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 7 (August 10, 2012): 1248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512003212.
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Previous national nutrition surveys in Irish adults did not include blood samples; thus, representative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) data are lacking. In the present study, we characterised serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Irish adults from the recent National Adult Nutrition Survey, and determined the impact of vitamin D supplement use and season on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Of the total representative sample (n1500, aged 18+ years), blood samples were available for 1132 adults. Serum 25(OH)D was measured via immunoassay. Vitamin D-containing supplement use was assessed by questionnaire and food diary. Concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were compared by season and in supplement users and non-users. Year-round prevalence rates for serum 25(OH)D concentration < 30, < 40, < 50 and < 75 nmol/l were 6·7, 21·9, 40·1 and 75·6 %, respectively (11·1, 31·1, 55·0 and 84·0 % in winter, respectively). Supplement users had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to non-users. However, 7·5 % of users had winter serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l. Only 1·3 % had serum 25(OH)D concentrations >125 nmol/l. These first nationally representative serum 25(OH)D data for Irish adults show that while only 6·7 % had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l (vitamin D deficiency) throughout the year, 40·1 % had levels considered by the Institute of Medicine as being inadequate for bone health. These prevalence estimates were much higher during winter time. While vitamin D supplement use has benefits in terms of vitamin D status, at present rates of usage (17·5 % of Irish adults), it will have only very limited impact at a population level. Food-based strategies, including fortified foods, need to be explored.
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Sahm, Laura J., Michael S. Wolf, Laura M. Curtis, and Suzanne McCarthy. "Prevalence of Limited Health Literacy Among Irish Adults." Journal of Health Communication 17, sup3 (October 2012): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.718041.
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Cleary, Anne, Elizabeth Nixon, and Michael Fitzgerald. "Psychological health and well-being among young Irish adults." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 24, no. 4 (December 2007): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700010569.
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AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to examine and describe levels of psychological health and well-being in a group of young people living in Dublin.Method: A sample of 97 young people (50 males, 47 females) were assessed for psychological status, suicidal ideation, substance misuse, contact with the law, self-esteem and locus of control as well as various social indicators such as educational attainment and social connectedness. A screening version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Diagnosis (SCID) was used to assess psychological functioning and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was employed to ascertain suicidal ideation. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and locus of control was measured using a scale devised by Pearlin, Menaghan, Lieberman and Mullan (1981).Results: Symptom levels were high and approximately one fifth of respondents had a probable psychiatric condition (most commonly depression or anxiety). Yet, only a small percentage was receiving treatment for psychiatric difficulties. Over half of the participants had used nonprescription drugs at some time. Alcohol consumption was high, especially amongst male respondents. Over half of those interviewed were categorised as misusing alcohol and/or drugs and participants greatly underestimated their level of alcohol use. Approximately one-quarter had had some contact with the law which was related to deficits in educational attainment and the latter variable was associated with childhood economic disadvantage.Conclusions: These findings suggest that among a sample of 97 young Irish people, a high level of psychiatric symptomatology and excessive use of alcohol is evident. This remains largely untreated as only a small percentage of the group had sought help for psychological difficulties which suggests a need to address the issues of mental health awareness, alcohol use and the accessibility of services. The paper also underlines the association between economic disadvantage and lack of educational attainment with associated linkages to offending.
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Boylan, Elaine A., Breige A. McNulty, Janette Walton, Albert Flynn, Anne P. Nugent, and Michael J. Gibney. "The prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in Irish adults between 1990 and 2011." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 11 (April 10, 2014): 2389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000536.
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AbstractObjectiveObesity is a serious public health issue, the prevalence of which is increasing globally. The present study aimed to investigate trends in overweight and obesity in Irish adults between 1990 and 2011.DesignAnthropometric data from three Irish national food consumption surveys were used to calculate trends in BMI, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio.SettingThree cross-sectional food consumption surveys: the Irish National Nutrition Survey (1990), the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (2001) and the National Adult Nutrition Survey (2011).SubjectsA collective sample of free-living Irish adults (n3125), aged 18–64 years.ResultsThere were significant increases in mean weight, height and BMI from 1990 to 2011. Significant increments were also reported in waist and hip circumferences and waist:hip ratio between 2001 and 2011, with concurrent increases in the proportion of individuals at risk of developing CVD, particularly females aged 18–35 years. In 2011, 23·4 % of the Irish population was classified as obese; with the mean BMI increasing by 1·1 kg/m2between 1990 and 2001 and by 0·6 kg/m2between 2001 and 2011.ConclusionsThe present paper characterises obesity levels in Irish adults from 1990 to 2011. Absolute levels of overweight and obesity have increased between these time points. Of concern is the increase in the proportion of young women classified as at risk of CVD, using waist circumference and waist:hip ratio. Effective prevention strategies are needed to avoid further increases.
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Browne, G., M. Loughrey, J. Harrington, J. Lutomski, T. Fitzgerald, and I. Perry. "P43 Dietary salt intake in Irish adults." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 64, Suppl 1 (September 1, 2010): A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2010.120477.43.
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Hughes, G. C., S. O’Hanrahan, G. Kavanagh, and F. McNicholas. "Review of international clinical guidelines for adolescents on transition to Adult Mental Health Services and adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and their application to an irish context." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.62.
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ObjectivesTo review the available clinical guidelines from Canada, North America, Europe and the United Kingdom for the diagnosis and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for adolescents previously diagnosed in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) on transition to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) and for adults presenting with a diagnostic query re-ADHD. This article seeks to apply the available guidelines to an Irish context.MethodVarious clinical guidelines and consensus statements were identified by a literature search of PubMed, incorporating literature from the past 10 years from English speaking countries and inclusion of any additional guidelines of clinical relevance. A clinical guideline with specific reference for Irish clinicians was proposed for the diagnosis and management of adults presenting for the first time with a diagnostic query re-ADHD and also to include those young adults previously diagnosed in CAMHS on transition to AMHS.ConclusionsADHD is a lifelong disorder, which if undiagnosed or untreated can lead to significant impairment resulting in a high economic cost for society. Stimulant medication is a first-line treatment option for adults with ADHD; however, some formulations are unlicensed in Ireland. Recent licensing of Atomoxetine, for both adolescents on transition and for adults with newly diagnosed ADHD is a welcome development. Third-line agents are rarely prescribed due to their side effect profiles and are prescribed off-label:It is important to establish clinical guidelines for an Irish context incorporating a biopsychosocial approach. Further discussion amongst clinicians and stakeholders is needed to plan service development.
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Burke, F. M., H. Whelton, M. Harding, E. Crowley, D. O’Mullane, M. Cronin, V. Kelleher, and M. Byrtek. "Fluoridation and tooth wear in Irish adults." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 38, no. 5 (September 5, 2010): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00550.x.
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Hughes, Martina, Michael Byrne, and Joy Synnott. "Prevalence of psychological distress in general practitioner adult attendees." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 206 (February 2010): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2010.1.206.33.
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One in three Irish GP practice adult attendees were found to have varying degrees of psychological distress. That 89 per cent were not receiving treatment for their mental health problems also highlights the need for improved primary care mental health services.
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Naseer, Amara, Jacinta McLoughlin, Orna Donoghue, Rose Anne Kenny, and Brian O'Connell. "Oral health status of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in Ireland. A cross-sectional analysis of the Wave 3 TILDA cohort." HRB Open Research 1 (December 14, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.12891.1.
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Background: Little is known about the current oral health status of adults in Ireland. The aim of this study was to measure the oral health status of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in Ireland, and to compare the current status to previous surveys of oral health in adults. Methods: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) Wave 3 provided an opportunity to assess the oral health of a subset of TILDA participants. Respondents attending for health assessments at the TILDA centre were offered an oral health examination. The World Health Organization examination criteria were used. Results: Out of the 3111 people who were offered the oral health assessment (OHA), 2525 were examined. Adults below 50 years of age (n=17) and 4 respondents whose oral health data were unavailable at time of analysis were omitted, giving a final sample of 2504 respondents. Among the OHA sample, 9.9% (249) were edentate; 11.5% (159) of females and 8% (90) of males. Of those aged 65 years and older, 15.6% were edentate compared with 40.9% in 2000-02. The mean number of teeth present in those aged 65 years or older was 14.9 for males and 14.2 for females compared with 9.9 and 7.4, respectively, in 2000-02. 56.8% of the dentate sample had 10 or more tooth contacts. The mean DMFT of those aged 50 years or more was 18.5 and the Root Caries Index (RCI) was 6.3. For adults aged 65 years and over, the mean DMFT decreased from 25.9 to 20.1 and the Root Caries Index decreased from 11.6 to 9.1, between 2000-02 and 2014-15. Conclusion: The results suggest an improvement in oral health status of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in Ireland as compared to the previous Irish survey of 2000-02.
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Stokes, Jeffrey E. "Marital quality and loneliness in later life." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 34, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407515626309.
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Loneliness is not merely an unpleasant experience but is harmful for older adults’ health and well-being as well. While marriage buffers against loneliness in later life, even married adults experience loneliness, and aspects of adults’ marriages may either protect against or actually foster loneliness among spouses. The current study analyzed dyadic data from 1,114 opposite-sex married Irish couples who participated in the initial wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (2009–2011) in order to extend findings of two prior dyadic studies of marital quality and loneliness in the U.S. to older married couples in Ireland and to directly compare two theoretical and methodological frameworks used by these studies to explain associations between husbands’ and wives’ reports of marital quality and loneliness in later life. Results revealed that both spouses’ perceptions of positive and negative marital quality were significantly related with husbands’ and wives’ loneliness and that spouses’ reports of loneliness were significantly related with one another. Findings also indicated that associations between marital quality and loneliness were similar for Irish and American couples in later life. Comparison of differing modeling strategies suggested that emotional contagion may serve as a pathway for dyadic partner effects.
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Duggan, Paula, Kevin D. Cashman, Albert Flynn, Caroline Bolton-Smith, and Máiréad Kiely. "Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes and food sources in 18–64-year-old Irish adults." British Journal of Nutrition 92, no. 1 (July 2004): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041157.
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AbstractDietary vitamin K1(phylloquinone) levels that are sufficient to maintain normal blood coagulation may be sub-optimal for bone, and habitual low dietary intakes of vitamin K may have an adverse effect on bone health. The objective of the present study was to measure the intake and adequacy of phylloquinone intake and the contribution of foods to phylloquinone intake in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey database was used, which contains data collected using a 7 d food diary in a randomly selected sample of Irish adults aged 18–64 years (n1379; 662 men and 717 women). Phylloquinone intakes were estimated using recently compiled food composition data for phylloquinone. The mean daily intake of phylloquinone from food sources was 79 (sd 44) μg. Intakes were significantly higher (P>0·001) in men than in women at levels of 84 and 75quest;μgsol;d. The main contributors to phylloquinone intakes were vegetables (48%), particularly green vegetables (26%). Potatoes (including chipped and fried potatoes), dairy products and fat spreads contributed 10% each and meat contributed 8%. In men, social class and smoking status influenced phylloquinone intakes. Of the population, 52% had phylloquinone intakes below 1 μg/kg body weight and only 17% of men and 27% of women met the US adequate intakes of 120 and 90 μg/d, respectively. The present study shows that habitual phylloquinone intakes in Irish adults are low, which may have implications for bone health.
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McHugh, Joanna E., Clodagh Cunningham, Lisa Crosby, and Brian A. Lawlor. "Self-rated health and reasons for ratings among Irish older adults." Irish Journal of Psychology 35, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2015.1058178.
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Holton, Alice, Fiona Boland, Paul Gallagher, Tom Fahey, Roseanne Kenny, and Gráinne Cousins. "Life Course Transitions and Changes in Alcohol Consumption Among Older Irish Adults: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)." Journal of Aging and Health 31, no. 9 (June 27, 2018): 1568–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318783080.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether trajectories of older adults’ alcohol consumption are influenced by the following life course transitions, relationship status, employment status, and self-rated health. Method: Volume and frequency of drinking were harmonized across first three waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA; N = 4,295). Multilevel regression models were used to model frequency, average weekly consumption, and heavy episodic drinking. Results: Men and women drank more frequently over time, with frequency decreasing with age for women. Average weekly consumption decreased over time and with increasing age. Transitions in self-rated health, particularly those reflecting poorer health, were associated with lower frequency and weekly consumption. Heavy episodic drinking decreased with age. Men who were retired across all waves were more likely to engage in heavy episodic drinking at baseline. Discussion: Despite the decline in average weekly consumption and heavy episodic drinking, the observed quantities consumed and the increase in frequency of consumption suggest that older Irish adults remain vulnerable to alcohol-related harms.
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Duggan, A., N. Murray, S. Buckley, and G. Lalevic. "Substance use amongst adult patients admitted to an irish acute mental health unit." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1510.
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IntroductionComorbid substance misuse in mental illness presents a significant challenge to mental health services. It may lead to higher rates of relapse, hospital admissions and poorer treatment outcomes. Up to 47% of inpatients in Irish mental health units may experience substance misuse. Despite the Irish government’s ‘Vision for Change’ policy (2006), access to specialised services remains variable.ObjectivesEvaluate: -prevalence of substance misuse at an Irish mental health unit. -quality and detail of the recorded substance misuse history. -access to specialised services for patients experiencing substance misuse.MethodsA retrospective chart review of inpatients in a mental health unit over 12 months, was completed. Information recorded included: demographic details, diagnosis, substance use history; access to substance misuse services. Microsoft Excel was utilised for data input and analysis.Results267 patients were admitted over twelve months. Substance misuse was the primary diagnosis of 6% and the secondary diagnosis of 67%. 46% of patients reported current substance misuse, 52% reported historical substance misuse. Frequency and quantity of use was documented in 65% and 48% of cases respectively. 4% of patients with a substance misuse history were in current contact with addiction services.ConclusionsAlthough 46% of patients reported substance misuse, only 4% were in contact with specialised addiction services. This highlights a significant unmet need. There was variability in the quality of the recorded substance misuse history. In order to fully understand comorbid substance misuse, this be addressed. The addition of a more formatted substance misuse section, to admission proformas, may help to alleviate this issue.
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Leavy, Breiffni, and Anna Cristina Åberg. "“Not Ready to Throw in the Towel”: Perceptions of Physical Activity Held by Older Adults in Stockholm and Dublin." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 18, no. 2 (April 2010): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.18.2.219.
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The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and describe the perceptions of physical activity held by older urban Swedish and Irish adults. Qualitative interviews were carried out with 30 people age 65 years and older (mean age 74.5), of whom 15 were living in Dublin and 15 were living in Stockholm. The “thematic framework” approach was used to analyze the data. Three central themes were identified regarding people’s perceptions of physical activity: physical activity as self-expression, physical activity as interaction, and physical activity as health promotion. Participants’ perceptions of physical activity tended to relate to their perceived level of physical activity, regardless of their cultural background. Certain culture-specific motivators and barriers to exercise were also identified. Less active Irish men were more likely to underestimate the health-promoting benefits of exercise.
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Corcoran, Paul, Udo Reulbach, Ivan J. Perry, and Ella Arensman. "Suicide and deliberate self harm in older Irish adults." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 8 (August 18, 2010): 1327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001377.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Hospital-treated deliberate self harm and suicide among older adults have rarely been examined at a national level.Methods: The Irish Central Statistics Office provided suicide and undetermined death data for 1980–2006. The National Registry of Deliberate Self Harm collected data relating to deliberate self harm presentations made in 2006–2008 to all 40 Irish hospital emergency departments.Results: Rates of female suicide among older adults (over 55 years) were relatively stable in Ireland during 1980–2006 whereas male rates increased in the 1980s and decreased in more recent decades. Respectively, the annual male and female suicide and undetermined death rate was 22.1 and 7.6 per 100,000 in 1997–2006. Male and female deliberate self harm was 3.0 and 11.0 times higher at 67.4 and 83.4 per 100,000, respectively. Deliberate self harm and suicide decreased in incidence with increasing age. Deliberate self harm generally involved drug overdose (male: 72%; female 85%) or self-cutting (male: 15%; female 9%). The most common methods of suicide were hanging (41%) and drowning (29%) for men and drowning (39%) and drug overdose (24%) for women. City and urban district populations had the highest rates of hospital-treated self harm. The highest suicide rates were in urban districts.Conclusions: Older Irish adults have high rates of hospital-treated deliberate self harm but below average rates of suicide. Drowning was relatively common as a method of suicide. Restricting availability of specific medications may reduce both forms of suicidal behavior.
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Burke, Kate E., Rebecca Schnittger, Blaithin O’Dea, Vanessa Buckley, Joseph P. Wherton, and Brian A. Lawlor. "Factors associated with perceived health in older adult Irish population." Aging & Mental Health 16, no. 3 (November 30, 2011): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.628976.
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Mills, R., W. Mowlds, K. F. W. Dyer, P. Corr, and M. Kavanagh. "Responding to mental health statutory drivers: experience of a low intensity cognitive behavioural therapy programme." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, no. 4 (November 20, 2015): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.56.
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ObjectivesStress control (SC), a brief psycho-education course, was implemented to increase access to psychological therapies in line with Northern Irish mental health service statutory drivers. The first aim of this study was to gauge the efficacy of SC in a robust manner with clinical significance testing. The second aim was to assess whether demographics traditionally ‘hard-to-reach’ – males, younger adults and those from deprived areas – accessed SC. The third aim was to elucidate what prompted their access and the experiences of attendees at SC.MethodsAttendees at SC were 170 adults over six iterations of the course. Pre- and post-questionnaires included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – 21, captured demographic details and qualitative feedback, which was subject to a mixed-methods analysis.ResultsSC attendees reported significant decreases on depression, anxiety and stress sub-scales post-intervention. Moreover, 38.71% (n=36) of attendees who completed SC exhibited clinically significant improvement afterwards on one or more sub-scale. Attendance figures for males, younger adults and those classified as socioeconomically deprived were modest. Patterns within the data suggested prospective success for targeting these cohorts.ConclusionsSC attracted people in need of mental healthcare input and affected quantifiable change within those people’s lives, while satisfying statutory demands for service delivery in an accessible community context. Recommendations to increase engagement with those traditionally ‘hard-to-reach’ for psychological services are provided, which, if implemented, have the potential to achieve further compliance with Northern Irish mental health statutory drivers.
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Buffini, Maria, Séverine Goscinny, Joris Van Loco, Anne P. Nugent, Janette Walton, Albert Flynn, Michael J. Gibney, and Breige A. McNulty. "Dietary intakes of six intense sweeteners by Irish adults." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2017.1411619.
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