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Journal articles on the topic 'Healthcare technology-Biosensor'
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1
Wu, Wenzheng, Chengzhen Meng, Xiaoyi Zhao, Jingyi Yun, Shihao Wang, Wei Zhao, and Pufan Shan. "Advances in biosensor technology in clinical medicine." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 8 (August 17, 2022): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v8i.1305.
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With the rapid development of science and technology and medical technology, the development of biosensor technology is on the fast track and is becoming increasingly integrated into clinical care. This phenomenon has revolutionised the healthcare industry, but at the same time, the drawbacks are also becoming apparent. In this paper, we examine the process of integrating biosensor technology with clinical care, discussing the current state of integration and making recommendations accordingly.
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Dai, Ming, Qi Wang, and Wan Qin Wu. "Development of a Wearable Biosensor System for Ubiquitous Healthcare Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1256.
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With the development of wearable computing, wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, the physiological monitoring systems for homecare applications achieved more and more attention. It is a challenge to design a fully integrated circuit satisfying the requirements of wearable biosensor system, such as small size, low power consumption, wireless transmission, and high signal noise rate (SNR). Based on these considerations, we recently developed a fully-integrated circuit for a wearable biosensor system to measure multiple vital signs in real time, meanwhile, we adopted FIR notch filter to remove the 50Hz power line interference and used cubic spline interpolation to reduce baseline drift noise. The experimental results showed that this wearable system ran well, which could be applied for real-time and ubiquitous healthcare in daily life.
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Dimitri, Paul. "Child health technology: shaping the future of paediatrics and child health and improving NHS productivity." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314309.
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In the last decade, technology has revolutionised the way we deliver healthcare. Smartphones, tablets, personal computers and bespoke devices have provided patients with the means to access health information, manage their healthcare and communicate with health professionals remotely. Advances in technology have the potential to change how acute and long-term conditions are diagnosed and managed and how illness is prevented using technological advances in artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, robotics, 3D printing, new materials, biosensor technologies and data analytics. In the future, predictive analytics will help with earlier disease diagnosis in at-risk populations.Historically, development of child health innovation and technology has taken place in a relatively emergent manner with little formal coordination. The aim is to move away from the traditional approach of repurposing adult technologies to provide a large-scale and coordinated approach for the development of bespoke health technology for children that is anatomically, physiologically and developmentally appropriate, versatile and that has been designed with children and young people. The challenge for the National Health Service alongside healthcare systems across the world is to deliver increasingly complex healthcare at lower cost and with better quality of life and greater efficiency.
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Neves, Paulo, Michal Stachyra, and Joel Rodrigues. "Application of Wireless Sensor Networks to Healthcare Promotion." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 4, no. 3 (September 22, 2008): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v4i3.218.
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Born on military applications, wireless sensor networks(WSNs) application grew on the promise of environment sensing and data processing capability at low cost. These networks can hold hundreds or even thousands of smart sensing nodes with processing and sensing capabilities and even integrated power through a dedicated battery. This paper surveys on the application of wireless sensor networks to healthcare promotion, namely with the use of biosensor technology applied to body sensor networks. On a wireless body sensor network, a person wears biosensors to gather data, while doing their daily activities. Currently, engineers and medical staff are cooperating on findingnew ways to properly gather meaningful data on-site and achieve a convenient way to process these data for research and on-site medical decision. New challenges that such approach brings are also considered. Moreover, it is shown that wireless sensor networks provide the technology to built wireless sensing and create a convenient infrastructure for multiple data gathering in healthcare applications. Together with real successful examples, we demonstrate the great usefulness of wireless sensor networks in healthcare promotion. The paper concludes with some guidelines for future work.
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Reddy Yeruva, Ajay. "Providing A Personalized Healthcare Service To The Patients Using AIOPs Monitoring." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 3, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/eduvest.v3i2.742.
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We see the critical role technology plays in healthcare in the midst of a continuous worldwide health crisis. To combat the epidemic, South Korea, for example, used smart city' technology and government-developed applications that follow individuals in quarantine. A biosensor that can identify the virus in saliva samples has just been created by India's National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad. These developments are made feasible by the usage of certain biosensors that have printed circuit boards with metal core components capable of withstanding large variations in moisture and temperature. A very sophisticated breakthrough, artificial intelligence for IT operations, is altering the healthcare sector in addition to the technology that aid nations in combating the epidemic. This general phrase, also known as AIOps, describes the automated detection and repair of typical IT problems using big data, machine learning, and other AI technologies. AIOps may be used in the healthcare industry to teach computers to analyse CT scan pictures, follow the progression of various illnesses, assess the effectiveness of patient therapy, and much moren.
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Reddy Yeruva, Ajay. "Providing A Personalized Healthcare Service To The Patients Using AIOPs Monitoring." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 3, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v3i2.742.
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We see the critical role technology plays in healthcare in the midst of a continuous worldwide health crisis. To combat the epidemic, South Korea, for example, used smart city' technology and government-developed applications that follow individuals in quarantine. A biosensor that can identify the virus in saliva samples has just been created by India's National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad. These developments are made feasible by the usage of certain biosensors that have printed circuit boards with metal core components capable of withstanding large variations in moisture and temperature. A very sophisticated breakthrough, artificial intelligence for IT operations, is altering the healthcare sector in addition to the technology that aid nations in combating the epidemic. This general phrase, also known as AIOps, describes the automated detection and repair of typical IT problems using big data, machine learning, and other AI technologies. AIOps may be used in the healthcare industry to teach computers to analyse CT scan pictures, follow the progression of various illnesses, assess the effectiveness of patient therapy, and much moren.
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Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael, Jorge Pérez-Martínez, and Jaime A. Yáñez. "5G Technology in the Digital Transformation of Healthcare, a Systematic Review." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043178.
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The world is currently facing one of the biggest problems related to health and the quality of healthcare. According to the goals outlined by WHO in the blueprint for sustainable development (SDG3), one of its objectives is to achieve universal health coverage and ensure a healthy lifestyle. In this regard, it is important to monitor and track the impact of applications that help address this problem. This systematic review provides an analysis of the impact of the 5G network on the use of apps to improve healthcare. An analysis of 343 articles was performed, obtaining 66 relevant articles, the articles were categorized into research conducted with fiber optic backbone network as well as future research. The main medical applications were identified as: telesurgery, mobile ultrasound, biosensor technology, robotic surgery and connected ambulance. In addition, it is classified and answer questions such as the most used to improve medical care and health quality, 5G-based applications used in media to improve medical care and health quality, databases and programming languages in telemedicine are the most used in 5G-based applications, the functionality available for telemedicine based on the use of 5G-based applications.
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Restrepo, Mariana, Ann Marie Huffenberger, C. William Hanson, Michael Draugelis, and Krzysztof Laudanski. "Remote Monitoring of Critically-Ill Post-Surgical Patients: Lessons from a Biosensor Implementation Trial." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030343.
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Biosensors represent one of the numerous promising technologies envisioned to extend healthcare delivery. In perioperative care, the healthcare delivery system can use biosensors to remotely supervise patients who would otherwise be admitted to a hospital. This novel technology has gained a foothold in healthcare with significant acceleration due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have attempted to narrate, or systematically analyze, the process of their implementation. We performed an observational study of biosensor implementation. The data accuracy provided by the commercially available biosensors was compared to those offered by standard clinical monitoring on patients admitted to the intensive care unit/perioperative unit. Surveys were also conducted to examine the acceptance of technology by patients and medical staff. We demonstrated a significant difference in vital signs between sensors and standard monitoring which was very dependent on the measured variables. Sensors seemed to integrate into the workflow relatively quickly, with almost no reported problems. The acceptance of the biosensors was high by patients and slightly less by nurses directly involved in the patients’ care. The staff forecast a broad implementation of biosensors in approximately three to five years, yet are eager to learn more about them. Reliability considerations proved particularly troublesome in our implementation trial. Careful evaluation of sensor readiness is most likely necessary prior to system-wide implementation by each hospital to assess for data accuracy and acceptance by the staff.
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Ming, Damien K., Saylee Jangam, Sally A. N. Gowers, Richard Wilson, David M. E. Freeman, Martyn G. Boutelle, Anthony E. G. Cass, Danny O’Hare, and Alison H. Holmes. "Real-time continuous measurement of lactate through a minimally invasive microneedle patch: a phase I clinical study." BMJ Innovations 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2021-000864.
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IntroductionDetermination of blood lactate levels supports decision-making in a range of medical conditions. Invasive blood-sampling and laboratory access are often required, and measurements provide a static profile at each instance. We conducted a phase I clinical study validating performance of a microneedle patch for minimally invasive, continuous lactate measurement in healthy volunteers.MethodsFive healthy adult participants wore a solid microneedle biosensor patch on their forearms and undertook aerobic exercise for 30 min. The microneedle biosensor quantifies lactate concentrations in interstitial fluid within the dermis continuously and in real-time. Outputs were captured as sensor current and compared with lactate concentrations from venous blood and microdialysis.ResultsThe biosensor was well-tolerated. Participants generated a median peak venous lactate of 9.25 mmol/L (IQR 6.73–10.71). Microdialysate concentrations of lactate closely correlated with blood. Microneedle biosensor current followed venous lactate concentrations and dynamics, with good agreement seen in all participants. There was an estimated lag-time of 5 min (IQR −4 to 11 min) between microneedle and blood lactate measurements.ConclusionThis study provides first-in-human data on use of a minimally invasive microneedle patch for continuous lactate measurement, providing dynamic monitoring. This low-cost platform offers distinct advantages to frequent blood sampling in a wide range of clinical settings, especially where access to laboratory services is limited or blood sampling is infeasible. Implementation of this technology in healthcare settings could support personalised decision-making in a variety of hospital and community settings.Trial registration numberNCT04238611.
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Amin, Mohsin, Badr M. Abdullah, Stephen R. Wylie, Samuel J. Rowley-Neale, Craig E. Banks, and Kathryn A. Whitehead. "The Voltammetric Detection of Cadaverine Using a Diamine Oxidase and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalised Electrochemical Biosensor." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010036.
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Cadaverine is a biomolecule of major healthcare importance in periodontal disease; however, current detection methods remain inefficient. The development of an enzyme biosensor for the detection of cadaverine may provide a cheap, rapid, point-of-care alternative to traditional measurement techniques. This work developed a screen-printed biosensor (SPE) with a diamine oxidase (DAO) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) functionalised electrode which enabled the detection of cadaverine via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The MWCNTs were functionalised with DAO using carbodiimide crosslinking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), followed by direct covalent conjugation of the enzyme to amide bonds. Cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated a pair of distinct redox peaks for cadaverine with the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE and no redox peaks using unmodified SPEs. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to isolate the cadaverine oxidation peak and a linear concentration dependence was identified in the range of 3–150 µg/mL. The limit of detection of cadaverine using the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE was 0.8 μg/mL, and the biosensor was also found to be effective when tested in artificial saliva which was used as a proof-of-concept model to increase the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this device. Thus, the development of a MWCNT based enzymatic biosensor for the voltammetric detection of cadaverine which was also active in the presence of artificial saliva was presented in this study.
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Iqbal, Jawaid, Muhammad Adnan, Younas Khan, Hussain AlSalman, Saddam Hussain, Syed Sajid Ullah, Noor ul Amin, and Abdu Gumaei. "Designing a Healthcare-Enabled Software-Defined Wireless Body Area Network Architecture for Secure Medical Data and Efficient Diagnosis." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (February 4, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9210761.
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In the struggle against population aging, chronic diseases, and a lack of medical facilities, the emergence of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) technology has ushered in optimism. WBANs use a variety of wearable and implanted biosensor nodes to constantly monitor physiological parameters such as oxygen saturation (SpO2), electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), blood pressure, respiration rate, body temperature, and pulse rate. Importantly, these vital signs are communicated to a doctor over a public network, who can diagnose ailments remotely and efficiently. Among these communications, the security and privacy of patients are the prime concerns while transferring data over an open wireless channel from biosensor nodes to a Medical Server (MS) through a Base Station (BS) for efficient medical diagnosis. Finding an effective security strategy for patients which rely on WBANs to monitor their health information is a huge challenge due to the confined nature of the WBANs environment. To tackle the above challenges, in this research, a new, efficient, and secure healthcare-enabled software-defined WBANs architecture based on Schnorr signcryption and Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC) is suggested in which the SDN technology is integrated into WBANs. By separating the control and data planes in an efferent manner, SDN technology allows you to control and manage the network in a programmable manner. The main features of SDN, such as its programmability, flexibility, and centralized control, make it a simple and scalable network. In this research, first, a Software-Defined Wireless Body Area Networks (SD-WBANs) architecture has been designed, and then a lightweight Schnorr signcryption with Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC) has been proposed to preserve sensitive patient data security during transmission on public networks. Moreover, a well-known Multicriteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach known as Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) is also used to demonstrate the success of the suggested system. According to the performance analysis, the suggested approach beats previous state-of-the-art techniques in terms of computation cost, communication overhead, storage cost, and energy usage.
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Free, Tyler J., Ryan W. Tucker, Katelyn M. Simonson, Sydney A. Smith, Caleb M. Lindgren, William G. Pitt, and Bradley C. Bundy. "Engineering At-Home Dilution and Filtration Methods to Enable Paper-Based Colorimetric Biosensing in Human Blood with Cell-Free Protein Synthesis." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010104.
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Diagnostic blood tests can guide the administration of healthcare to save and improve lives. Most clinical biosensing blood tests require a trained technician and specialized equipment to process samples and interpret results, which greatly limits test accessibility. Colorimetric paper-based diagnostics have an equipment-free readout, but raw blood obscures a colorimetric response which has motivated diverse efforts to develop blood sample processing techniques. This work uses inexpensive readily-available materials to engineer user-friendly dilution and filtration methods for blood sample collection and processing to enable a proof-of-concept colorimetric biosensor that is responsive to glutamine in 50 µL blood drop samples in less than 30 min. Paper-based user-friendly blood sample collection and processing combined with CFPS biosensing technology represents important progress towards the development of at-home biosensors that could be broadly applicable to personalized healthcare.
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De Stefano, Luca. "Porous Silicon Optical Biosensors: Still a Promise or a Failure?" Sensors 19, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 4776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214776.
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Even if the first published article on a porous silicon (PSi)-based biosensor dates back to more than twenty years ago, this technology still attracts great attention from many research groups around the world. In this brief review, the pros and cons of porous silicon-based optical biosensors will be highlighted on the basis of some recent results and published papers on this subject. The aim of the paper is to give a straightforward introduction to PhD students and young researchers on this subject, which is particularly full of educative content, since it is highly multidisciplinary. Fabrication of PSi-based optical biosensors requires competencies related to many different scientific topics ranging from material science, physics and optics to healthcare and environmental monitoring through surface chemistry and more.
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Umapathi, K., Yalamanchili Sangeetha, A. N. Shankar, P. Vidhyalakshmi, R. Ramkumar, S. Balakumar, and D. Magdalinmary. "Computational Investigations of Fixed-Free and Fixed-Fixed Types Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Mass Sensing Biosensor." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (June 22, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3253365.
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Using carbon nanotubes for sensing the mass in a biosensor is recently proven as an emerging technology in healthcare industry. This study investigates relative frequency shifts and sensitivity studies of various biological objects such as insulin hormone, immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant type of antibody, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) masses using the single-wall carbon nanotubes as a biomass sensor via continuum mechanics. Uniform distributed mass is applied to the single-wall carbon nanotube mass sensor. In this study, fixed-free and fixed-fixed type single-wall carbon nanotubes with various lengths of relative frequency shifts are studied. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of fixed-free and fixed-fixed type CNT biological mass sensors is carried out. Moreover, mode shapes studies are performed. The sensitivity results show better, if the length of the single-wall carbon nanotube is reduced.
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Wang, Shuang, Zhaoyu Zhou, Ningning Ma, Sichang Yang, Kai Li, Chao Teng, Yonggang Ke, and Ye Tian. "DNA Origami-Enabled Biosensors." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 6899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236899.
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Biosensors are small but smart devices responding to the external stimulus, widely used in many fields including clinical diagnosis, healthcare and environment monitoring, etc. Moreover, there is still a pressing need to fabricate sensitive, stable, reliable sensors at present. DNA origami technology is able to not only construct arbitrary shapes in two/three dimension but also control the arrangement of molecules with different functionalities precisely. The functionalization of DNA origami nanostructure endows the sensing system potential of filling in weak spots in traditional DNA-based biosensor. Herein, we mainly review the construction and sensing mechanisms of sensing platforms based on DNA origami nanostructure according to different signal output strategies. It will offer guidance for the application of DNA origami structures functionalized by other materials. We also point out some promising directions for improving performance of biosensors.
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Phan, Le Minh Tu, My-Van Tieu, Thi-Thu Pham, and Sungbo Cho. "Clinical Utility of Biosensing Platforms for Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Biosensors 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11060167.
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Despite collaborative efforts from all countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to spread globally, forcing the world into social distancing period, making a special challenge for public healthcare system. Before vaccine widely available, the best approach to manage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is to achieve highest diagnostic accuracy by improving biosensor efficacy. For SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, intensive attempts have been made by many scientists to ameliorate the drawback of current biosensors of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical diagnosis to offer benefits related to platform proposal, systematic analytical methods, system combination, and miniaturization. This review assesses ongoing research efforts aimed at developing integrated diagnostic tools to detect RNA viruses and their biomarkers for clinical diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further highlights promising technology for SARS-CoV-2 specific diagnosis. The comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers as well as their applicable biosensors in the field of clinical diagnosis were summarized to give scientists an advantage to develop superior diagnostic platforms. Furthermore, this review describes the prospects for this rapidly growing field of diagnostic research, raising further interest in analytical technology and strategic plan for future pandemics.
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Irshad, Reyazur Rashid, Ahmed Abdu Alattab, Ibrahim M. Alwayle, Khaled M. Alalayah, Khaled M. G. Noaman, Mohammed A. Mahdi, and Amal M. Aqlan. "A Novel Structure Optoelectronic Biosensor for Detection of Infectious Diseases Using SALP Swarm Optimized Artificial Neural Network Technique." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3328.
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In this study, we detail the use of a small, label-free optoelectronic biosensor for the detection of anti-dengue antibodies in human serum samples. The system consists of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser that can be tuned, a guided-mode resonant sensor surface, and two silicon pin detectors. After showing adequate sensitivity in a clinically relevant experiment, researchers hypothesized that this cutting-edge biosensor could serve as a novel platform for the development of efficient point-of-care diagnostic techniques for the identification of infectious diseases. Humans are susceptible to one of the world’s most common and contagious diseases, dengue fever, which is spread by the Aedes albopictis mosquito. Human deaths were also a direct outcome of the widespread increase in Dengue fever cases. A shortage of medical professionals and healthcare facilities only made matters worse. In order to achieve this goal, it will be necessary to employ archaic medical technologies. Recent innovations like Fog Computing and the success of remote healthcare in real time, Cloud Computing, and the Internet of Things have opened up new frontiers in technology (IoT). In this research, we proposed a new method for diagnosing dengue disease. Information gathered from those who have been afflicted by a disease will be shared with higher authorities. Various IoT devices compile comprehensive reports on each and every patient. Once medical history is gathered, the patient’s whereabouts must be ascertained. Sensors connected to the internet are used to gather information on the weather, the location, the effectiveness of medications, the safety of the surrounding environment, and the patients’ states of health. The fog computing layer is the bridge between IoT sensors and cloud servers. Two primary functions of the fog computing layer are the creation of notifications and the categorization of users’ health conditions. Dengue fevers are diagnosed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained with the Salp Swarm Optimization method Salp swarm algorithm (SSA). The dataset will be analyzed using an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario built with the Java simulator CupCarbon U-one 3.8.2. The proposed method achieves competitive or better outcomes than the state-of-the-art alternatives.
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Romanov, Volodymyr, Igor Galelyuka, Volodymyr Hrusha, Hanna Antonova, Oleksandr Voronenko, Anna Kedych, and Oleksandra Kovyrova. "Smart-Systems for Precision Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Healthcare." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 2 (July 28, 2023): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.23.2.7.
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Appearance of innovative tools of informatics in the world is determined by development of information-communication technology, microelectronics, sensor and biosensor technologies. Spreading of these technologies on precision agriculture, environmental protection and health care gives opportunity to create smart fields, gardens, greenhouses, forests and parks, and also smart health monitors, which estimate the health state of person as in rehabilitation, so in emergency situations. Results of research of authors in the development of new information technologies and creation of main components of the smart systems for different purposes on this base are shows in this paper. Main requirements for knowledge bank for precision agriculture and ecological monitoring are defined. Main principles of creating knowledge bank on base of requirements are proposed. The typical smart system models and their development stages are considered. Structure of wireless multilevel networks for the estimation of state of biological objects of different origin and their nodes are described. Developed sensor networks and smart systems for agriculture are considered. Structure of proposed smart system for agriculture and ecological monitoring is given. Approaches for chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves analysis are studied. Results of network testing for the estimation of the autonomous work time of network nodes and possible errors are given. Wireless sensor network and smart system for remote medical monitoring are described. Diagnostic smart systems for estimation of quality of life are considered. Medical communicator, computer device on base of tablet computer, was used for their development. The short form of Survey Instrument (SF-36) for life quality estimation and abnormal uterine bleeding questionnaire, which was developed in State Scientific Institution "Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", were embedded in communicator. STEPS questionnaire which was designed for epidemiological monitoring of the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in the target subpopulations could be added to communicator. Development of smart systems for estimation of quality of life and prevalence of noncommunicable diseases was made in cooperation with R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine (department of research management and innovation), Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine. Keywords: wireless sensor network, precision agriculture, chlorophyll fluorescence induction, express-diagnostics of plant state, quality of life, SF-36.
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Evans, Daniel, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Nikolaos Vasilakis, Panagiotis Pantelidis, Peter Kelleher, Hywel Morgan, and Themistoklis Prodromakis. "A Novel Microfluidic Point-of-Care Biosensor System on Printed Circuit Board for Cytokine Detection." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 17, 2018): 4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18114011.
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Point of Care (PoC) diagnostics have been the subject of considerable research over the last few decades driven by the pressure to detect diseases quickly and effectively and reduce healthcare costs. Herein, we demonstrate a novel, fully integrated, microfluidic amperometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prototype using a commercial interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) as a model antibody binding system. Microfluidic assay chemistry was engineered to take place on Au-plated electrodes within an assay cell on a printed circuit board (PCB)-based biosensor system. The assay cell is linked to an electrochemical reporter cell comprising microfluidic architecture, Au working and counter electrodes and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, all manufactured exclusively via standard commercial PCB fabrication processes. Assay chemistry has been optimised for microfluidic diffusion kinetics to function under continual flow. We characterised the electrode integrity of the developed platforms with reference to biological sampling and buffer composition and subsequently we demonstrated concentration-dependent measurements of H2O2 depletion as resolved by existing FDA-validated ELISA kits. Finally, we validated the assay technology in both buffer and serum and demonstrate limits of detection comparable to high-end commercial systems with the addition of full microfluidic assay architecture capable of returning diagnostic analyses in approximately eight minutes.
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Tintelott, Marcel, Vivek Pachauri, Sven Ingebrandt, and Xuan Thang Vu. "Process Variability in Top-Down Fabrication of Silicon Nanowire-Based Biosensor Arrays." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 5153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155153.
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Silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FET) have been studied as ultra-high sensitive sensors for the detection of biomolecules, metal ions, gas molecules and as an interface for biological systems due to their remarkable electronic properties. “Bottom-up” or “top-down” approaches that are used for the fabrication of SiNW-FET sensors have their respective limitations in terms of technology development. The “bottom-up” approach allows the synthesis of silicon nanowires (SiNW) in the range from a few nm to hundreds of nm in diameter. However, it is technologically challenging to realize reproducible bottom-up devices on a large scale for clinical biosensing applications. The top-down approach involves state-of-the-art lithography and nanofabrication techniques to cast SiNW down to a few 10s of nanometers in diameter out of high-quality Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers in a controlled environment, enabling the large-scale fabrication of sensors for a myriad of applications. The possibility of their wafer-scale integration in standard semiconductor processes makes SiNW-FETs one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of biosensor platforms for applications in healthcare and medicine. Although advanced fabrication techniques are employed for fabricating SiNW, the sensor-to-sensor variation in the fabrication processes is one of the limiting factors for a large-scale production towards commercial applications. To provide a detailed overview of the technical aspects responsible for this sensor-to-sensor variation, we critically review and discuss the fundamental aspects that could lead to such a sensor-to-sensor variation, focusing on fabrication parameters and processes described in the state-of-the-art literature. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of functionalization aspects, surface modification, and system integration of the SiNW-FET biosensors on post-fabrication-induced sensor-to-sensor variations for biosensing experiments.
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Irkham, Irkham, Abdullahi Umar Ibrahim, Pwadubashiyi Coston Pwavodi, Fadi Al-Turjman, and Yeni Wahyuni Hartati. "Smart Graphene-Based Electrochemical Nanobiosensor for Clinical Diagnosis: Review." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042240.
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The technological improvement in the field of physics, chemistry, electronics, nanotechnology, biology, and molecular biology has contributed to the development of various electrochemical biosensors with a broad range of applications in healthcare settings, food control and monitoring, and environmental monitoring. In the past, conventional biosensors that have employed bioreceptors, such as enzymes, antibodies, Nucleic Acid (NA), etc., and used different transduction methods such as optical, thermal, electrochemical, electrical and magnetic detection, have been developed. Yet, with all the progresses made so far, these biosensors are clouded with many challenges, such as interference with undesirable compound, low sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, and longer processing time. In order to address these challenges, there is high need for developing novel, fast, highly sensitive biosensors with high accuracy and specificity. Scientists explore these gaps by incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites (NCs) to enhance the desired properties. Graphene nanostructures have emerged as one of the ideal materials for biosensing technology due to their excellent dispersity, ease of functionalization, physiochemical properties, optical properties, good electrical conductivity, etc. The Integration of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in the development of biosensors has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of diseases through early diagnosis and on time monitoring. The outcome of this comprehensive review will be useful to understand the significant role of graphene-based electrochemical biosensor integrated with Artificial Intelligence AI and IoMT for clinical diagnostics. The review is further extended to cover open research issues and future aspects of biosensing technology for diagnosis and management of clinical diseases and performance evaluation based on Linear Range (LR) and Limit of Detection (LOD) within the ranges of Micromolar µM (10−6), Nanomolar nM (10–9), Picomolar pM (10–12), femtomolar fM (10–15), and attomolar aM (10–18).
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Liu, Yang, Clint Sweeney, Jill C. Mayeda, Jerry Lopez, Paul E. Lie, Tam Q. Nguyen, and Donald Y. C. Lie. "A Feasibility Study of Remote Non-Contact Vital Signs (NCVS) Monitoring in a Clinic Using a Novel Sensor Realized by Software-Defined Radio (SDR)." Biosensors 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020191.
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The COVID-19 outbreak has caused panic around the world as it is highly infectious and has caused about 5 million deaths globally. A robust wireless non-contact vital signs (NCVS) sensor system that can continuously monitor the respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) of patients clinically and remotely with high accuracy can be very attractive to healthcare workers (HCWs), as such a system can not only avoid HCWs’ close contact with people with COVID-19 to reduce the infection rate, but also be used on patients quarantined at home for telemedicine and wireless acute-care. Therefore, we developed a custom Doppler-based NCVS radar sensor system operating at 2.4 GHz using a software-defined radio (SDR) technology, and the novel biosensor system has achieved impressive real-time RR/HR monitoring accuracies within approximately 0.5/3 breath/beat per minute (BPM) on student volunteers tested in our engineering labs. To further test the sensor system’s feasibility for clinical use, we applied and obtained an Internal Review Board (IRB) approval from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) and have used this NCVS monitoring system in a doctor’s clinic at TTUHSC; following testing on 20 actual patients for a small-scale clinical trial, we have found that the system was still able to achieve good NCVS monitoring accuracies within ~ 0.5/10 BPM across 20 patients of various weight, height and age. These results suggest our custom-designed NCVS monitoring system may be feasible for future clinical use to help combatting COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Full, Johannes, Yannick Baumgarten, Lukas Delbrück, Alexander Sauer, and Robert Miehe. "Market Perspectives and Future Fields of Application of Odor Detection Biosensors within the Biological Transformation—A Systematic Analysis." Biosensors 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11030093.
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The technological advantages that biosensors have over conventional technical sensors for odor detection and the role they play in the biological transformation have not yet been comprehensively analyzed. However, this is necessary for assessing their suitability for specific fields of application as well as their improvement and development goals. An overview of biological basics of olfactory systems is given and different odor sensor technologies are described and classified in this paper. Specific market potentials of biosensors for odor detection are identified by applying a tailored methodology that enables the derivation and systematic comparison of both the performance profiles of biosensors as well as the requirement profiles for various application fields. Therefore, the fulfillment of defined requirements is evaluated for biosensors by means of 16 selected technical criteria in order to determine a specific performance profile. Further, a selection of application fields, namely healthcare, food industry, agriculture, cosmetics, safety applications, environmental monitoring for odor detection sensors is derived to compare the importance of the criteria for each of the fields, leading to market-specific requirement profiles. The analysis reveals that the requirement criteria considered to be the most important ones across all application fields are high specificity, high selectivity, high repeat accuracy, high resolution, high accuracy, and high sensitivity. All these criteria, except for the repeat accuracy, can potentially be better met by biosensors than by technical sensors, according to the results obtained. Therefore, biosensor technology in general has a high application potential for all the areas of application under consideration. Health and safety applications especially are considered to have high potential for biosensors due to their correspondence between requirement and performance profiles. Special attention is paid to new areas of application that require multi-sensing capability. Application scenarios for multi-sensing biosensors are therefore derived. Moreover, the role of biosensors within the biological transformation is discussed.
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Deen, M. Jamal. "(Digital Presentation) Biosensors – Researching at the Crossroads of Engineering and the Sciences." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 18 (July 7, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01181033mtgabs.
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It has been a pleasure and honor to know Dr. Landheer for more than three decades and to have collaborated with him. In this invited presentation, I will focus on one aspect of our collaboration – the topic of Biosensors – which was our last research collaboration. In the list of references [1-15], I provide all publications we collaborated on since 1986. Biosensors are increasingly used in environmental applications, especially for water quality monitoring. This is because the availability of safe drinking water is fundamental to our good health. However, as water resources get increasingly stressed, ensuring a safe water supply and effective water treatment becomes increasingly important. In addition, waterborne illnesses are a significant public health problem. At the same time, current monitoring of microbiological contamination of water currently is time-consuming, laboratory based, and frequently compromises the timeliness of health advisory warnings even when contamination is found. Therefore, rapid detection of unsafe water can contribute greatly to mitigating the morbidity and mortality associated with waterborne diseases due to microbiological contaminants. Fortunately, the research community has shown increasing interest in the development of microtechnology-based sensors for the detection and identification of the bio-contaminants. These sensing systems use the same fabrication technology that has enabled the drastic lowering of cost, exponential increase in complexity of electronic chips and widespread availability of computing resources. In this presentation, we will discuss a low-cost, electrical, label-free microfabricated biosensor that we have been developing for pathogen detection related to water quality and also for ubiquitous-healthcare applications. The use of nano-dimensions devices to create futuristic nano-biosensors for both environmental and health applications will be introduced. And we will also describe our ongoing work to create highly integrated and parallel detection systems by integrating the sensor, the processing electronics and the pre-processing stages on the same cheap substrate. Finally, the success of such a low-cost, highly integrated sensing system demands a convergence of expertise from various engineering disciplines, the physical and life sciences as well as public health. References D Landheer et al, “Bioaffinity Sensors Based on MOS Field—Effect Transistors,” in Semiconductor Device-Based Sensors for Gas, Chemical, and Biomedical Applications, Eds. Ren, Pearton, Taylor & Francis Books, Boca Raton, 215-265, 2010. MW Shinwari, et al, Microfabricated Reference Electrodes and their Biosensing Applications, Sensors, Vol. 10(3), pp. 1679-1715, 2010. MW Shinwari, MJ Deen, D Landheer, “Study of the Electrolyte-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor with Applications in Biosensor Design,” Microelectronics Reliability, Vol. 47(12), pp. 2025-2057, 2007. D Landheer, et al, Calculation of the Response of Field-Effect Transistors to Charged Biological Molecules, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 7, 1233-1242, 2007. WH Jiang, et al, Post-processing of Commercial CMOS Chips for the Fabrication of DNA Bio-FET Sensor Arrays, Proceedings of MRS Symposium - Fall Meeting, 6 pages, 2006. Bioelectronics, Biointerfaces, and Biomedical Applications 2, Eds., D Landheer, R. Bashir, M. Deen, C. Kranz, C. Liu, M. Madou, A. Offenhaeusser, R. Schasfoort, ECS Transactions, Vol. 3, Issue 26, 2006. MJ Deen, et al, Noise Considerations in Field-Effect Biosensors, Journal Applied Physics, Vol. 100, #074703, 8 pages, 2006. MJ Deen, et al, High Sensitivity Detection of Biological Species via the Field-Effect, Proceedings of the IEEE ICCDCS, Playa del Carmen, Mexico, pp. 381-385, 2006. D Landheer, et al, Model for the Field-Effect from Layers of Biological Macromolecules on the Gates of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistors, Journal Applied Physics, Vol. 98, # 044701, 2005. Silicon Nitride and Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films, Eds., R.E. Sah, MJ Deen, D Landheer, K.B. Sundaram, W.D. Brown, D. Misra, ECS Proceedings PV-03, 636 pages 2003. Silicon Nitride and Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films, Eds., K.B. Sundaram, MJ Deen, D Landheer, W.D. Brown, D. Misra, M.D. Allendorf, R.E. Sah, ECS Proceedings Volume PV 2001-7, 2001. MJ Deen, et al, Low Frequency Noise in Cadmium Selenide Thin-Film Transistors, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77(14), pp. 2234-2236, 2000. MJ Deen, et al, Low Frequency Noise in CdSe Thin-Film Transistors, ESSDERC 2000, Cork, Ireland, pp. 592-595, 2000. MJ Deen, et al, NbN Thin Films Reactively Sputtered with a High Field DC Magnetron, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, Vol. 6(4), pp. 2299-2303, 1988. MJ Deen, et al, The Effect of the Deposition Rate on the Properties of DC Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films, Bull Am Phys Soc., Vol. 32(3), p. 646, 1987.
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Reinecke, Patrick, Marie-Theres Putze, Leopold Georgi, Ruben Kahle, David Kaiser, Daniel Hüger, Pavel Livshits, et al. "Scalable hybrid microelectronic-microfluidic integration of highly sensitive biosensors." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000672.
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Abstract Point of Care devices for medical applications are becoming more and more widespread. The advantage of having test results after a very short period and without any laboratory creates is beneficial for doctors in developing countries far away from laboratory infrastructure to clinical devices disburdening in-house laboratories for example in case of an outbreak of an epidemic. Especially infectious diseases are one of the world's leading cause of morbidity and death [1]. Viral respiratory infections are a major cause of burden of disease in children. Annual human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) related death are around 253.000, mainly in developing countries. It accounts for up to 6.7 % of mortality of children younger than 1 year. Therefore, RSV is the second most important global cause of death during infancy. Furthermore, RSV infection has been linked to an increased risk in the development of childhood wheezing and asthma in later life [2, 3]. Fast and cheap diagnostic, independent from laboratory infrastructure, will have a high impact on the healthcare system. Highly sensitive microelectronic biosensors have a superior sensitivity and accuracy compared to paper stripes. The higher miniaturization potential and production stability accompanied by a better readout simplicity makes them a cheaper alternative to optical systems. In this paper a hybrid microelectronic-microfluidic packaging strategy for a disposable for two different microelectronic biosensor platforms will be presented, targeting the diagnostic of RSV. The multiplexed detection of both, host and pathogen biomarkers in the same sample will lead to a rapid, cheap and accurate diagnosis and prognosis, providing almost real-time results. Platform 1, the BioGrFET sensor uses a graphene field effect transistor (GrFET). The liquid sample containing the biomarkers flows over the sensor's surface with probe molecules, where the target molecules (specific biomarkers) of the fluid can be immobilized. The charge of the biomarker on the surface changes the charge carrier density inside the graphene which can be detected by measuring the graphene field effect transport characteristic. Platform 2, the BioMEMS sensor is a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) having a very thin membrane carrying the active sensor structure, offering additional challenges to device packaging. The liquid sample, containing the biomarkers, flows over the membrane's surface with detection molecules, where the specific biomarkers of the fluid can be immobilized. With the specific biomarkers on the membrane's surface changes the mass and therefore the resonance frequency of the membrane which can be read out. Specific packaging challenge for both sensors is to develop packaging technology flows that allow to add the sensor functionalization during packaging and leaves this functionalization intact until the packaging processes are finalized, which implies a process selection with reduced thermal and mechanical load on the delicate functionalized sensors. This challenge has been mastered for both sensors – yielding two dedicated packaging process flows that were used to manufacture functional sensor packages.
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Gutiérrez-Capitán, Manuel, Antonio Baldi, and César Fernández-Sánchez. "Electrochemical Paper-Based Biosensor Devices for Rapid Detection of Biomarkers." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20040967.
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In healthcare, new diagnostic tools that help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases rapidly and accurately are in high demand. For in-situ measurement of disease or infection biomarkers, point-of-care devices provide a dramatic speed advantage over conventional techniques, thus aiding clinicians in decision-making. During the last decade, paper-based analytical devices, combining paper substrates and electrochemical detection components, have emerged as important point-of-need diagnostic tools. This review highlights significant works on this topic over the last five years, from 2015 to 2019. The most relevant articles published in 2018 and 2019 are examined in detail, focusing on device fabrication techniques and materials applied to the production of paper fluidic and electrochemical cell architectures as well as on the final device assembly. Two main approaches were identified, that are, on one hand, those ones where the fabrication of the electrochemical cell is done on the paper substrate, where the fluidic structures are also defined, and, on the other hand, the fabrication of those ones where the electrochemical cell and liquid-driving paper component are defined on different substrates and then heterogeneously assembled. The main limitations of the current technologies are outlined and an outlook on the current technology status and future prospects is given.
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Taha, Bakr Ahmed, Yousif Al Mashhadany, Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Bin Zan, and Norhana Arsad. "An Analysis Review of Detection Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Biosensor Application." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 6764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236764.
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Timely detection and diagnosis are essentially needed to guide outbreak measures and infection control. It is vital to improve healthcare quality in public places, markets, schools and airports and provide useful insights into the technological environment and help researchers acknowledge the choices and gaps available in this field. In this narrative review, the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) technologies is summarized and discussed with a comparison between them from several aspects to arrive at an accurate decision on the feasibility of applying the best of these techniques in the biosensors that operate using laser detection technology. The collection of data in this analysis was done by using six reliable academic databases, namely, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed. This review includes an analysis review of three highlights: evaluating the hazard of pandemic COVID-19 transmission styles and comparing them with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) to identify the main causes of the virus spreading, a critical analysis to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on artificial intelligence using CT scans and CXR images and types of biosensors. Finally, we select the best methods that can potentially stop the propagation of the coronavirus pandemic.
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Rezk, Ayman, Laith Nayfeh, and Ammar Nayfeh. "Fabrication of MoS2 Biosensor By Chemical Exfoliation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532220mtgabs.
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The marriage between nanotechnology and sports is here [1]. We see it in new materials for tennis racquets, to balls, and to goal line technology to name a few [2]. One area that has amazing potential are wearable biosensors to improve the health and stamina of world class athletes [3]. In soccer (football) for example, some of the best athletes in world run almost 10 km during a match so keeping track of their health is very important. These real time bio signals while playing can help to avoid injuries and help long term longevity. The wearables sensors should stick to the athletes’ body seamlessly and not affect their play or performance. This can be done with new nanomaterials and devices. In this work, we use a 2D material, 1.3 nm thick MoS2 nano-flakes, to fabricate a bio sensor that can detect changes in temperature. The chemically exfoliated MoS2 nano-flakes are drop casted on a lightly P doped Si substrate. 50 nm thick Au metallization layer is deposited on both the back of the substrate and top of MoS2. Followed by another metallization layer using a shadow mask to pattern the top contacts. Finally, silver paste is applied to the back contact before mounting it on a gold-coated steel disc. The sensor is then placed on a hot plate and connected to a probe station where the steel plate is grounded, while the top contact voltage is swept from -5 to 5 V. The IV characteristics are measured from 30 oC to 120 oC with 5 oC increments. The collected IV plots from the sensor shows better responsivity and higher current response compared to the control sample with no MoS2. We then tested the current flow as function of temperature to detect changes. This simple design with nanotechnology and 2D materials will be fabricated next on flexible substrates and made into wearable device. This is perfect for world class athletes to detect sudden changes in bio-temp and send real time bio-signals to health care professionals. Finally, the use of bio sensor for athletes will become mainstream soon, help athletes stay healthy and avoid injuries. The use nanotechnology, and nanomaterials will be the key enabler of this. The results here show that 2D materials, like MoS2 are promising for future low cost wearable biosensors. Bibliography [1] M. P. Sadaf Abbasi, S. Nizamuddin and N. M. Mubarak, "Chapter 25 - Functionalized nanomaterials for the aerospace, vehicle, and sports industries," Micro and Nano Technologies, pp. 795-825, 2020. [2] L. P. d. Costa, "Chapter 14 - Engineered nanomaterials in the sports industry,," In Micro and Nano Technologies, Handbook of Nanomaterials for Manufacturing Applications,, pp. 309-320,, 2020. [3] J. Kim, A. Campbell and B. e. a. de Ávila, "Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring," Nat Biotechnol, no. 37, p. 389–406, 2019. Figure 1
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Mishra, Dr N. T. Pramathesh, and Gayathri Vijayakuymar. "Biosensors Applications in Medical Field and Current Developments in Biosensors for Healthcare." Transaction on Biomedical Engineering Applications and Healthcare 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/tbeah/02.02.a005.
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The aim of the study “Biosensors Applications in Medical Field and Current Developments in Biosensors for Healthcare” is to find out uses of the biosensors in the medical field and its current practices which have been going across the world. Modern medicine is concerned with finding all the answers to the complex question of the medicine and diseases for which the biosensors are an adequate technology. It has been used not only in hospitals by the hospital bed but also by the common people for home diagnosis of pregnancy as well as the glucose. The methodology that has been taken for this research and is has been discussed about the secondary data type along with the thematic data analysis method. In the results part an in-depth regarding the topic has been discussed with the preparation adequate themes. The themes are based on the importance of the biosensor technology, its current practices and future developments. After this the challenges regarding the use of the biosensor use has been given with help of proper solution of all the challenges that has been discussed. Keyword : Biosensor, Diagnosis, Disease, Medical.
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Jakkula, Shirisha, Pravalika Pasupuleti, Mujeebuddin C.S, Ravindra Pratap Gaur, and Sujay S. Patil. "Clinical trials tranformation intiative-decentralized clinical trials: a review article." World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, October 4, 2021, 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v3i5.190.
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In clinical research, Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) can provide opportunities to maximize efficiencies. Unlike the traditional clinical trial model, Decentralized Clinical Trials (DCTs) promote telemedicine, mobile/local healthcare providers (HCPs), mobile/web-based technology, and direct distribution of Investigational Medicinal Products (IMP) to patients, among other things. Hence, DCTs are in the spotlight as technology, infrastructure, and knowledge providing a backbone in clinical research.
Background: Advances in electronic communication, data storage, emerging technologies, and biosensor development provides new opportunities to exchange information, such as the patient is tested from their home locations and are with locations distant from the investigator. Trials that take place at locations distant from the investigator (i.e., spectrum: CCTs → Hybrid Models → DCTs) in any or all study-related procedures and data is collected electronically fall in the category of the decentralized clinical trial. Trials should be designed to integrate the current healthcare system of the study subject, optimize convenience for study subjects and take advantage of existing programs and data sources including The study subjects themselves through the utilization of telecommunication, videoconferences, mobile or internet-based tools for patient reporting, mobile technology tools and biosensors. Local healthcare providers, home-based healthcare services, pharmacies, clinics, regional hospitals, their perceived obstacles have impeded the widespread use of mobile devices in clinical trials. To encourage solutions to these challenges, The Clinical Trial Transformation Initiative (CTTI) has released best practices and practical methods to advance solutions to these issues that clinical trial sponsors can now use.
Conclusion: Decentralized clinical trials are not only operationally feasible and show high recruitment rates, have better compliance, lower dropout rates, and are conducted faster. DCT meets the goal of the industry in being low-risk, high returns trials and can offer a reliable, time-based, and cost-effective approach.
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Tyagi, Pankaj Kumar, Shruti Tyagi, Mansi Mishra, and Kavya Dashora. "Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19: a nanotechnological perspective." Current Nanoscience 16 (October 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413716999201014153916.
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Background: According to the current scenario with millions of deaths worldwide, the outbreak of COVID-19 has really created global havoc. The vast spreading of COVID-19 has already challenged the healthcare system and economy of the world. Every country is now putting their best efforts to develop their own standards, strategies and policies to fight against this pandemic. Therefore, huge amount of research grants is allocated for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 globally. Objective: Scientists/researchers around the world are working in different fields, i.e., biological, physical and chemical sciences has collaborated for effective outcome in this fight. In the light of above-mentioned challenges, the researchers of nanotechnology community can contribute significantly in this direction. Results: As a team member of nanotechnology community, we suggest various research targets that can be designed/improved, optimized and developed by nanotechnologists. These research targets includes, Point-of-care diagnostics (POCD), Surveillance and monitoring, Therapeutics, Vaccine development, Improving existing drugs with potential therapeutic applications, Developing antiviral nanocoating/antimicrobial spray-based coating for PPE, Magnetic nanoparticles and viral RNA (Ribonucleic acid) and Rapid detection kits. Conclusion: It can be concluded that multiple areas such as the development of nano-biosensor based diagnostic technology (capable to produce fast and accurate results), development of nano-encapsulated drugs/vaccines or other efficient systems, testing/improving existing drugs with potential therapeutic applications, developing antiviral nanocoating/antimicrobial spray-based coating for PPE etc needs immediate attention.
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"Biosensor for detection of bacteria with probiotic potential and food pathogens." Letters in Applied NanoBioScience 9, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 800–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/lianbs91.800807.
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The exploration for novel nano-sensors has enhanced significantly representing an incredible alternative for the development, speedy, and inexpensive bio-sensing strategy. Due to their low detection volumes, reduction of detection time, high specificity and user- friendly applicability, nano-bio sensors have raised the interest of the scientific community. Nanomaterials are now being used to develop biosensors thatexhibit superior sensitivity and uniqueness with applicability in research investigations, food contamination detection, detection of potential probiotic bacteria, etc. Detection of food contamination is of major significance and concern in areas like healthcare, agriculture, beverage, and fermentation industries. Distinctive biosensing technologies have already been developed for instant monitoring of microbes, food contaminants depending upon the application of nanomaterial. A wide range of nanomaterials, for example, gold nanostructured materials, carbon Copper and silicon nanotubes, GeO2/SiO2 matrix, nanoparticles, nanowires, TiO2 nanowire, nano-electrode, and nanostructured material arrays are performing an essential role in the bio-sensing application in food pathogen detection and probiotic bacteria detection.Nanosensors merges the principles of information technology and molecular biology proves essential in facilitating immediate detection of foodborne pathogens, contaminants, hence reducing the health risk and medical costs related to foodborne illness.This chapter aims to encompass the types of emerging nanosensors based on different detection technology, their commercial applications, recent advancement in food contamination detection and their future prospects.
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Arya, Sandeep, Anoop Singh, Asha Sharma, and Aman Dubey. "Current trends in the development of electrochemical biosensor for detecting analytes from sweat." Current Medicinal Chemistry 31 (August 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867331666230807143639.
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Abstract: The need for wearable bioelectronics continues to grow, and this technology might significantly alter the medical field. In order to diagnose and treat a patient, conventional medicine takes a "reactive" approach and waits for symptoms to appear first. Therefore, it is preferable to progress toward continuous non-invasive wearable biomonitoring, a preventative strategy that may assist individuals in diagnosing or treating illnesses at the earliest stages, sometimes before any outward symptoms have appeared. Wearable physiological sensors, such as the Apple Watch and FitBit, have arrived on the market as a result of technology advances and have quickly become commonplace. However, few devices currently exist that can report directly on these biomarkers of relevance. This is mostly due to the challenges involved in real-time fluid sampling and generating correct readouts utilising extremely selective and sensitive sensors. Sweat is an excretory fluid that is only allowed to be used in order to reduce invasiveness, but this restriction places additional strain on sensors owing to the diluted concentration of the relevant biomarkers and the changes in pH, salinity, and other biophysical parameters that directly influence the read-out of real-time biosensors. Sweat is favoured amid slightly invasive biofluids due to its low concentration of interfering chemicals and the fact that it may be collected without touching the mucosal layers. This review offers a concise outline of the latest advances in sweat-based wearable sensors, their promise in healthcare monitoring, and the problems faced in analysis based on sweat.