Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Healthcare Systems Design'
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Chung, Kristie (Kristie J. ). "Applying systems thinking to healthcare data cybersecurity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105307.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-90).
Since the HITECH Act of 2009, adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in US healthcare organizations has increased significantly. Along with the rapid increase in usage of EHR, cybercrimes are on the rise as well. Two recent cybercrime cases from early 2015, the Anthem and Premera breaches, are examples of the alarming increase of cybercrimes in this domain. Although modem Information Technology (IT) systems have evolved to become very complex and dynamic, cybersecurity strategies have remained static. Cyber attackers are now adopting more adaptive, sophisticated tactics, yet the cybersecurity counter tactics have proven to be inadequate and ineffective. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the recent Anthem security breach to assess the vulnerabilities of Anthem's data systems using current cybersecurity frameworks and guidelines and the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) method. The STAMP analysis revealed Anthem's cybersecurity strategy needs to be reassessed and redesigned from a systems perspective using a holistic approach. Unless our society and government understand cybersecurity from a sociotechnical perspective, we will never be equipped to protect valuable information and will always lose this battle.
by Kristie Chung.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Ren, Haiying S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Transition to cloud computing in healthcare information systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76507.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-63).
This thesis is a study on the adoption of cloud computing in healthcare information technology industry. It provides a guideline for people who are trying to bring cloud computing into healthcare information systems through the use of a framework of tools and processes to overcome both technical and business challenges.
by Haiying Ren.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Richardson, Sandra. "HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS:DESIGN THEORY, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3182.
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Healthcare information systems (HISs), as a class of systems, are not currently addressed in the MIS literature. This is in spite of a sharp increase in use over the past few years, and the uniquely qualified role that MIS has in the development of, impact and general understanding of HISs. In this project the design science paradigm frames the development of a set of design principles derived from the synthesis of the design literature, ethics literature, and professional guidelines, from both the medical and computing professions. The resulting principles are offered to address the design of healthcare information systems. Action research, a widely accepted methodology for testing design principles derived from the design science paradigm, is employed to test the HIS principles and to implement change in a healthcare organization through the use of an HIS. The action research project was a collaborative effort between a Central Florida hospice and the researcher, the result of which was an advanced directives decision support system. The system was design to meet a number of organizational goals that ranged from tracking compliance with federal regulations to increasing the autonomy of the patients that used the system. The result is a set of tested design principles and lessons learned from both anticipated and unanticipated consequences of the action research project.Ph.D.
Department of Management Information Systems
Business Administration
Business Administration: Ph.D.
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Gautam, Sanjay Kumar S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Healthcare market outlook and emerging technologies in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100375.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, February 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 77).
Usage in information technology (IT) have improved efficiency and quality in many industries. Healthcare has not been one of them. Although some administrative IT systems, such as those for billing, scheduling, and inventory management, are already in place in the healthcare industry, little adoption of clinical IT, such as Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMR-S) and Clinical Decision Support tools, has occurred. India's healthcare information technology market is slow with technology adoption but there is little traction shown in last couple of years. This growth is expected to hit US $1.45 billion in 2018, more than three times the US $381.3 million reached in 2012. The increase in adoption of electronic health records, mHealth, telemedicine, and Web-based services has made electronic patient data expand, necessitating the implementation of robust IT systems in Indian healthcare institutions. Information technology (IT) has the potential to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care. Diffusion of IT in health care is generally low (varying, however, with the application and setting) but surveys indicate that providers plan to increase their investments. Drivers of investment in IT include the promise of quality and efficiency gains. Barriers include the cost and complexity of IT implementation, which often necessitates significant work process and cultural changes. Given IT's potential, both the private and public sectors have engaged in numerous efforts to promote its use within and across health care settings. Delivering quality health care requires providers and patients to integrate complex information from many different sources. Thus, increasing the ability of physicians, nurses, clinical technicians, and others to readily access and use the right information about their patients should improve care. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the current state of healthcare in India and specifically look into the emerging technology trends in healthcare IT. During analysis secondary data has been used. Various articles and research papers published in national and international journals are used. India is hub of IT and its use is increasing in health sector.
by Sanjay Kumar Gautam.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Chaudhary, Anjali S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "System dynamics approach to healthcare affordability in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105305.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [66]-[67]).
Affordability of healthcare is a growing concern across the world. For India, with a population of over 1.2 billion people and one third of world's poorest, to provide affordable and sustainable healthcare to all its citizens becomes even more challenging. The country faces the triple burden of controlling communicable diseases, managing non communicable diseases, and limiting the deaths from injury and mental health. The public healthcare system is underfunded and underutilized while the private facilities are unregulated and unaccountable for quality and cost of care. The high reliance of the population on the private facilities, low insurance coverage, and high emphasis on curative care than the preventive care is further making the cost prohibitive for the general population. There is a lot to be desired in the areas of Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, and Research and Development for a holistic development of healthcare system in India. This thesis attempts to model the current healthcare system and how different entities of the system interact to influence the affordability. The simulation of the model projects the affordability in the next 50 years. The study also checks the impact of three different policies on the affordability of care.
by Anjali Chaudhary.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Jog, Chetan R. (Chetan Ravindra). "Healthcare technology, patient engagement and adherence : systems and business opportunity analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76493.
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Thesis (S.M. in Management and Engineering)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
In the current shift in the US healthcare system, lower cost, higher quality of care, access and safety are the main drivers that are effecting changes. Patient compliance with medication and technology enabled wellness and engagement programs play an important role in ensuring the cost and quality of care is reduced. In a recent study, the overall cost of poor medication adherence, measured in otherwise avoidable medical spending, is close to $310 billion annually, representing approximately 14% of total healthcare expenditures. There have been several studies analyzing the reasons for and impact of non-adherence and solutions to achieve increasing compliance. With the recent wave in healthcare technology, the scope of prescription medication adherence needs to be expanded to include patient engagement and their awareness towards lifestyle changes and managing their own health. This thesis engages in an analysis of these compliance issues and in understanding the relationships among the various stakeholders involved. It also analyses the several technology platforms and solutions from mobile health to "gamification" and social networks from a business, user and regulatory standpoint. It looks into how these newer health technologies helps the individual in adhering and realizing novel insights into their own patterns related to medication, lifestyle and general health. Further, working with a health technology startup catering to the behavioral care market, a real world application of a health technology product that utilizes technology based patient assessment, decision support and patient communication, will be evaluated to explore how it will help in delivering value to several stakeholders.
by Chetan R. Jog.
S.M.in Management and Engineering
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Cai, Yi. "INTEGRATED WEARABLE SENSING AND SMART COMPUTING FOR MOBILE PARKINSONIAN HEALTHCARE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1617620318291192.
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Rashwand, Saeed. "Efficient Wireless Communication in Healthcare Systems; Design and Performance Evaluation." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9227.
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Increasing number of ageing population and people who need continuous health monitoring and rising the costs of health care have triggered the concept of the novel wireless technology-driven human body monitoring. Human body monitoring can be performed using a network of small and intelligent wireless medical sensors which may be attached to the body surface or implanted into the tissues. It enables carers to predict, diagnose, and react to adverse events earlier than ever. The concept of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) was introduced to fully exploit the benefits of wireless technologies in telemedicine and m-health.
The main focus of this research is the design and performance evaluation of strategies and architectures that would allow seamless and efficient interconnection of patient’s body area network and the stationary (e.g., hospital room or ward) wireless networks. I first introduce the architecture of a healthcare system which bridges WBANs and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). I adopt IEEE 802.15.6 standard for the patient’s body network because it is specifically designed for WBANs. Since IEEE 802.15.6 has strict Quality of Service (QoS) and priorities to transfer the medical data to the medical server a QoS-enabled WLAN for the next hop is needed to preserve the end-to-end QoS. IEEE 802.11e standard is selected for the WLAN in the hospital room or ward because it provides prioritization for the stations in the network. I investigate in detail the requirements posed by different healthcare parameters and to analyze the performance of various alternative interconnection strategies, using the rigorous mathematical apparatus of Queuing Theory and Probabilistic Analysis; these results are independently validated through discrete event simulation models.
This thesis has three main parts; performance evaluation and MAC parameters settings of IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA), performance evaluation and tuning the MAC parameters of IEEE 802.15.6, and designing a seamless and efficient interconnection strategy which bridges IEEE 802.11e EDCA and IEEE 802.15.6 standards for a healthcare system.
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Ramadoss, Balaji. "Ontology Driven Model for an Engineered Agile Healthcare System." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5110.
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Healthcare is in urgent need of an effective way to manage the complexity it of its systems and to prepare quickly for immense changes in the economics of healthcare delivery and reimbursement. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) releases policies affecting inpatient and long-term care hospitals policies that directly affect reimbursement and payment rates. One of these policy changes, a quality-reporting program called Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR), will effect approximately 3,400 acute-care and 440 long-term care hospitals. IQR sets guidelines and measures that will contain financial incentives and penalties based on the quality of care provided. CMS, the largest healthcare payer, is aggressively promoting high quality of care by linking payment incentives to outcomes. With CMS assessing each hospital's performance by comparing its Quality Achievements and Quality Improvement scores, there is a growing need and demand to understand these quality measures under the context of patient care, data management and system integration. This focus on patient-centered quality care is difficult for healthcare systems due to the lack of a systemic view of the patient and patient care. This research uniquely addresses the hospital's need to meet these challenges by presenting a healthcare specific framework and methodology for translating data on quality metrics into actionable processes and feedback to produce the desired quality outcome. The solution is based on a patient-care level process ontology, rather than the technology itself, and creates a bridge that applies systems engineering principles to permit observation and control of the system. This is a transformative framework conceived to meet the needs of the rapidly changing healthcare landscape. Without this framework, healthcare is dealing with outcomes that are six to seven months old, meaning patients may not have been cared for effectively. In this research a framework and methodology called the Healthcare Ontology Based Systems Engineering Model (HOB-SEM) is developed to allow for observability and controllability of compartmental healthcare systems. HOB-SEM applies systems and controls engineering principles to healthcare using ontology as the method and the data lifecycle as the framework. The ontology view of patient-level system interaction and the framework to deliver data management and quality lifecycles enables the development of an agile systemic healthcare view for observability and controllability
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Chen, Diliang. "Internet of Smart Wearable Things for Healthcare and Safety Management." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1585059497920229.
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Marufu, Masiya Passmore Alex. "ICT-based innovation using service dominant logic in healthcare : a design thinking perspective." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64294.
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Health professionals in the developing world face the twin challenge of growing populations requiring services and dwindling resources in the face of reduced funding. Developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) present an opportunity to streamline service offering in a way that maximises the available meagre resources. Such innovations require the input and support of the public that these institutions serve. Design thinking has over the last 20 years developed into a “design paradigm” that can assist service providers to craft solutions to problems that take into account the views of the stakeholders involved.
This work explored how information technology can be used to improve service delivery. Adopting a pragmatic philosophical paradigm and a design science research approach, the researcher used concepts underlying the theory of service dominant logic, coupled with technology capability concepts, to develop a conceptual framework for use in design thinking projects. The development of the Technovation Framework continued over three design cycles, in which a number of design teams focused their efforts on how ICT could be used to improve post-natal care services. The empathy input for these workshops was derived from an eight-week-long in-depth study into the lives of new mothers, using journals and interviews. Interviews with midwives and doctors provided a healthcare perspective of the provision of post-natal care.
The first design workshop was made up of four teams, each consisting of two midwives, two mobile developers and two mothers in a design thinking workshop. The workshop resulted in the development of four prototypes of mobile applications aimed at assisting midwives in educating mothers as well as providing off-site monitoring. Two further workshops were conducted, providing two more iterations of the design process and resulting in further prototypes of potential solutions for use in healthcare. A final evaluation workshop was conducted to validate the fully developed Technovation Process.
This study contributes to knowledge in a number of ways. The first is a deep understanding of the lives of new mothers and challenges they face in a low-resource environment as they struggle with raising their babies in the first eight weeks after giving birth. The second contribution is a framework and an enhanced design thinking process that streamlines the process of consolidating empathy output while providing a mechanism to apply technology capabilities to proposed solutions. A third contribution is the set of lessons that arise from observing design teams at work. The final contribution is in the form of a number of prototypes that could be developed into solutions for use in a developing environment healthcare setting.
Keywords: ICT in healthcare, e-Health, innovation, co-creation, design thinking, developing country, post-natal care, design science research, Technovation, technology capabilitiesThesis (PhD) - University of Pretoria, 2017.
Informatics
PhD
Unrestricted
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Long, Jieling. "Design for patient safety : a prospective hazard analysis framework for healthcare systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708636.
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Mousaid, Hassan. "Caregiver coordination as an enabler to a hospital to home initiative within the context of healthcare delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90695.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-48).
The Hospital to Home architecture aims to provide a successful transition for patients leaving the hospital in order to improve health outcomes and minimize hospital readmission. This thesis analyzes the current hospital to home system, explores its flows and proposes a better architecture to improve the patient transition from the hospital to home. It makes a significant contribution by proposing a new architecture based on a patient-centric approach within the framework of the Hospital to Home (H2H) initiative called Caregiver Coordination. In this architecture, we propose the creation of a web and mobile based application that allows patients and caregivers to interact easily with each other to help manage the patient's wellbeing. We include a short summary illustrating how this new architecture can address the two main problems: (1) the decentralization of the discharge plan and (2) the dependency on the interactions among diverse stakeholders. We propose to: 1. Analyze and critique the existing hospital to home architecture 2. Follow an existing architecture pattern/framework 3. Recommend a new architecture 4. Create a Caregiver Coordination application using an open source framework to enable a successful transition of patients from hospital to home
by Hassan Mousaid.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Ghosh, Manimay. "Design rules, metaroutines, and boundary objects - a framework for improving healthcare delivery systems." Diss., Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/ghosh/GhoshM1206.pdf.
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Van, der Watt Cecil Clifford. "Design considerations of a semantic metadata repository in home-based healthcare." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2300.
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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.The research was conducted as part of a socio-tech initiative undertaken at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The socio-tech initiative overall focus was on addressing issues faced by rural and under-resourced communities in South Africa, specifically looking at Home-Based Healthcare (HBHC) primarily in the Western Cape. As research into the HBHC context in rural and under-resourced communities continued numerous issues around data and data-elements came to light. These data issues were especially prevalent in relation to the various paper forms being used by the HBHC initiatives that attempt to deliver care in these communities. The communities have the tendency to suffer from poor access to formal healthcare services and healthcare facilities. The data issues were primarily in terms of how data was defines and used within the HBHC initiatives. Within the HBHC initiatives that cater for rural and under-resourced communities there was a clear prevalence of paper-based systems, and a very low penetration of IT-based solution. Because similar and related data-elements are used throughout the paper forms and within different context these data-elements are inconsistently used and presented. The paper forms further obfuscate these inconsistencies as the paper forms regularly change due to internal and external factors. When these paper forms are changed date elements are added or removed without the changes to the underlying ontologies being considered.
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Leung, Min-wing Raymond. "Design, implementation and evalulation of the user interface for healthcare information systems in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23765999.
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Farag, Mohamed S. "Development of Resilient Safety-Critical Systems in Healthcare Using Interdependency Analysis and Resilience Design Patterns." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10981524.
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In the U.S. medical sector, software failures in safety-critical systems in healthcare have led to serious adverse health problems, including patient deaths and recalls of medical systems. Despite the efforts in developing techniques to build resilient systems, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of resilience metrics and a limited number of quantitative analysis approaches. In addition, there is insufficient guidance on evaluating resilience design patterns and the value they can bring to safety-critical systems.
This research employed the interdependency analysis framework to evaluate the static resilience of safety-critical systems used in the healthcare field and identified software subsystems that are vulnerable to failures. Resilience design patterns were first implemented to these subsystems to improve their ability to withstand failures. This implementation was followed by an evaluation to determine the overall impacts on system’s static resilience.
The methodology used a common medical system structure that collects common attributes from various medical devices and reflects major functionalities offered by multiple medical systems. Fault tree analysis and Bayesian analysis were used to evaluate the static resilience aspects of medical safety-critical systems, and two design patterns were evaluated within the praxis context: Monitoring and N-modular redundancy resilience patterns.
The results ultimately showed that resilience design patterns improve the static resilience of safety-critical systems significantly. While this research suggests the importance of resilience design patterns, this study was limited to explore the impact of structural resilience patterns on static resilience. Thus, to evaluate the overall resilience of the system, more research is needed to evaluate dynamic resilience in addition to studying the impact of different types of resilience design patterns.
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梁綿榮 and Min-wing Raymond Leung. "Design, implementation and evalulation of the user interface for healthcare information systems in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226309.
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Knutsson, Fröjd Lisa, and Marika René. "Mobile documentation of vital signs : A Participatory Design project at a Swedish hospital." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-48997.
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We have received a mission from a surgical ward at a hospital in northern Sweden; they want a solution that can be used on portable devices. On these devices the healthcare professionals should be able to document the measured vital signs and the results should automatically be documented in the patient record. In the context of a Participatory Design project we conducted design sessions which focused on the user interface of the solution but also deliberated possible functionalities that were not mentioned in the original mission description. The purpose of this study is to describe the situation surrounding the measurement of vital signs of patients. It is currently done manually on a paper form and then registered in the digital patient record. Our aim was to find a design and formulate the functional requirement of a tablet application together with the staff at a hospital in Sweden.
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Grauers, Björn. "Digital innovation through the use of participatory design in the development of Swedish public healthcare support services." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45645.
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The Swedish public sector stands in front of great challenges, threatening the very existence of a Swedish welfare state. An aging population has increased the need for welfare support for the elderly population. At the same time, Sweden is facing a decrease in tax revenue from a shrinking percentage of work-able citizens among its population. Politicians, citizens, and service providers ask for radical innovation, and many see the opportunity to make use of digital technology to make our public services more efficient. However, it is not the lack of technical innovation that hinders public services from becoming more efficient, but rather the lack of knowledge into what is efficient and for whom. Without the understanding of user needs rather than wants it is hard, if not impossible, to know how digital technology is best utilized to increase user value. The findings show that participatory- and service design practices can answer why digital technology is needed and how and when it should be implemented. This project aims to find ways to increase accessibility, efficiency, and trust in digital healthcare support services and give insight into the opportunities for Interaction designers to bring value to healthcare development using participatory design practices.
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Mubaslat, Jad S. "Demonstrating the Functionality and Efficacy of Blockchain-based System in Healthcare Using Simulation Tools." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1526812918128916.
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Nhavoto, José António. "Integration of Mobile Technologies with Routine Healthcare Services in Mozambique." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-56948.
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Mobile technologies are emerging as one way to help address health challenges in many countries, including in Least Developed Countries. Mobile technology can reach a large share of the population but in order to provide effective support to healthcare services, technology, information collection and dissemination, and work processes need to be well aligned. The thesis uses a design science methodological approach and mixes qualitative and quantitative data analysis to address the question of, How can mobile technologies be effectively integrated with routine healthcare services? The study concerns the design, implementation, and evaluation of a mobile technology-based system, called SMSaúde, with the aim of improving the care of patients with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in Mozambique. The work started with the elicitation of functional and user requirements, based on focus group discussions. An important challenge, as in many mHealth interventions, was the integration with routine healthcare services and the existing IT systems, as well as developing a scalable technical structure. The system has now been in routine use since 2013 in more than 16 healthcare clinics in Mozambique. Evaluation was done by a randomised controlled study. Analysis of patient records showed that retention in care in urban areas was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. In a user study both patients and health professionals were very positive to the system. The thesis contributes to research by demonstrating how information system artefacts can be constructed and successfully implemented in resource-constrained settings. The practical contributions include the designed artefact itself as well as improved healthcare practices and mHealth policy recommendations.
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Dobrzykowski, David D. "Linking Antecedents and Consequences of Value Density in the Healthcare Delivery Supply Chain." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1289833170.
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ODHIAMBO, PASCAL. "Linking Health Workers’ perceptions to design for state of the art mobile health information systems and support tools." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11593.
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Typical hospital setups comprise units such as clinics, inpatient wards, outpatient services, casualty services, operating theatres, laboratories, medical schools (for university hospitals) and out-reach medical camps. Healthcare professionals are required to support these different units hence the need to be constantly mobile in undertaking their duties. These duties require that they frequently consult colleagues, receive handover from previous duty staff or share information on previous work undertaken. Successful use and adoption of handheld devices such as PC tablets, PDAs and smartphones integrated to health information systems can minimize the physical mobility. Information sharing using M-health solutions in complex and diverse healthcare settings draw focus beyond the spatiality gains to the coordination of the teams, processes and shared artefacts in healthcare. CSCW research abounds with various concepts that can be useful in characterizing mobility and communication amongst collaborating health workers. Design for mobile health solutions, therefore, provides an opportunity to further ground theoretical frameworks from exemplary studies on health information systems. The overall objective of the study is to propose design suggestions that target successful information sharing in the deployment and use of M-health solutions. To achieve this objective, the thesis investigates and analyses factors influencing the use and adoption of M-health solutions. A qualitative literature review is used in the study to explore significant factors in the acceptance and use of health information systems. A questionnaire developed from these key factors is used to determine the perceptions of healthcare professionals on M-health solutions based on related literature and on a field study. Finally, the findings are discussed using concepts from CSCW literature namely, mobility, common information spaces, temporality and cognitive and coordinative artefacts. As a result, a conceptual model integrating constructs from the Technology acceptance model (TAM) and IS Success model was developed that can be useful in investigating perceptions in the use of M-health solutions. Design suggestions were proposed for the development of future M-health solutions that aim to achieve successful information sharing amongst healthcare professionals.
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Wilson, Jennie A. "The design and application of surveillance systems in improving health outcomes and identifying risk factors for healthcare associated infections." Thesis, University of West London, 2014. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1078/.
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The risks of patients acquiring an infection as a result of healthcare are considerable, with between 6.4% and 9.1% of patients in hospital found to have an healthcare associated infection (HCAI). These infections account for a considerable burden of disease; they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and incur costs to the patient, healthcare organisations and society. There is considerable evidence for measures that are effective in preventing HCAI, however there are challenges in ensuring that healthcare workers are aware of the risks and adhere to recommended practice. Surveillance systems that systematically capture, analyse and feedback data on rates of HCAI have been found to be a key component of effective infection control strategies, especially when they incorporate benchmarking. The large datasets captured by national surveillance systems also provide a unique opportunity to explore the epidemiology of HCAI, factors that contribute to their occurrence and their impact on public health. This thesis concerns the design and application of surveillance systems for infections associated with healthcare. It reflects the programme of research originating from my involvement with the development and delivery of national HCAI surveillance systems in England from the mid-1990s. This research has addressed my underpinning hypothesis that: 'there are real differences in rates of HCAI which reflect variation in clinical practice and indicate where improvement may prevent these infections'. The thesis includes eight primary publications focused on two key types of HCAI, surgical site infections (SSI) and bloodstream infections (BSI). The publications related to SSI describe my work on: the risks of SSI in terms of mortality and increased length of hospital stay; significant independent risk factors for SSI following hip prosthesis; the relationship between duration of operations and risk of SSI; inter-country comparisons of rates; an innovative approach to performance monitoring based on funnel plots; and the impact of psot-discharge surveillance on benchmarking. They are based on the analysis of data contributed to the national SSI surveillance system. A further two publications related to BSI explored trends in causative pathogens and source of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The thesis describes the main methods and findings of these studies, their contribution to contemporary knowledge and subsequent contributions to the field, ilustrating my contribution to each of the works and my professional development as a researcher. The body of work has identified important trends in pathogens causing BSI, in particular the emergence of Escherichia coli as a major cause of these infections, and provided evidence of possible contributory factors. It has also identified factors contributing to the reduction of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of BSI. It has added to the body of knowledge on outcomes of SSI, demonstrating that SSI doubles the length of hospital stay and the more severe infections significantly increases the risk of mortality in some types of surgery. It has informed the design and delivery of SSI surveillance systems in England and Europe through identifying the impact of key risk factors, such as the duration of operation and type of hip replacement procedure, and exploring the impact of variation in application of surveillance methods, in particualr post-discharge surveillance, on rates of SSI. It has enhanced the value of surveillance as a performance monitoring through the application of innovative approaches to adjusting and comparing rates, such as the use of funnel plots for the detection of outliers. In conclusion, these analyses of data on HCAI have informed the development of national surveillance systems, improved understanding of variation in rates, and identified factors that may influence them. Further work is required to enhance and develop surveillance systems in order that they can continue to support the evaluation of effective infection prevention strategies in a rapidly changing healthcare environment.
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Rydningen, Lene Christin. "Medicine Management and Administration : How might we improve patient safety through medicine management and administration in inpatient care units in somatic hospitals in Sweden and Norway?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152356.
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Introduction
This thesis explores how we can increase patient safety through medicine management and administration in inpatient care units in somatic hospitals in Sweden and Norway by combining tools and systems which allows nurses to work safely, precicely, and efficiently whenever they are managing or administering medication to patients.
Background
Nurses have the formal, academic, and moral responsibility in medicine management and administration in hospitals (1). The nurse must ensure that the medication is given to the correct patient, that it is the correct kind of medication, correct form, correct strength, correct dose, correct administration method, and that it is given at the correct time (1). Regardless of these 7 points of control, adverse drug events still happen.
Methodology
Through a human centered design approach this thesis explores design challenges and opportunities to how we can improve the medicine managment and administration process within somatic hospitals in Sweden and Norway.
Result
The final design proposal, Memo, suggests an ecosystem which make all medication traceable by incorporating a closed loop medicine management approach, making information accessible and consistent across digital and physical platforms, and having a precise, accessible, and informative electronic medicine list. Memo eliminates risks of medicine errors by designing barriers within the system which make it harder for the nurse to make an error. The aim is to increase patient safety.
Memo is developed together with nurses and pharmacists from 3 different hospitals in Sweden and Norway.
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Ingabire, Paula. "Convergence of eco-system technologies : potential for hybrid electronic health record (EHR) systems combining distributed ledgers and the Internet of Medical Things towards delivering value-based Healthcare." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118548.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 64-66).
The Healthcare industry, just like any industry, is constantly racing to stay abreast with pace of technological innovations, especially at such a time where the industry is experiencing a strain on the global healthcare infrastructure. Specifically, the evolution of record management systems in the healthcare system has taken a slow and gradual transformation with each stage of transformation carrying over certain aspects and functions of previous stages. A survey of record management practices reveals that record management begun with paper-based records that have since partially been replaced with centralized Electronic Health Records (EHR). With the advent of Electronic Health Records enabled by distributed ledgers, we continue to see the inclusion of traditional paper-based functions beyond centralized EHR functions. Electronic data sharing in the healthcare ecosystem is constrained by interoperability challenges with different providers choosing to implement systems that respond to increasing their productivity. Prioritizing a patient-focused strategy during implementation of EHRs forces providers to implement systems that are more interoperable. A system engineering approach was adopted to guide the development and valuation of candidate architectures from Stakeholder analysis to concept generation and enumeration. Nine (9) key design decisions were selected with their combinations yielding 512 feasible hybrid architectures. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid EHR solution combining distributed ledger technologies and Internet of Medical Things, which contributes towards providing value-based healthcare. Leveraging properties of distributed ledgers and IoMT, the hybrid solution interconnects various data sources for health records to provide real-time record creation and monitoring whilst enabling data sharing and management in a secure manner.
by Paula Ingabire.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Martinez, Diego A. "Informing the Design and Deployment of Health Information Technology to Improve Care Coordination." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5987.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States, the health care sector is 20 years behind in the use of information technology to improve the process of health care delivery as compared to other sectors. Patients have to deliver their data over and over again to every health professional they see. Most health care facilities act as data repositories with limited capabilities of data analysis or data exchange. A remaining challenge is, how do we encourage the use of IT in the health care sector that will improve care coordination, save lives, make patients more involved in decision-making, and save money for the American people? According to Healthy People 2020, several challenges such as making health IT more usable, helping users to adapt to the new uses of health IT, and monitoring the impact of health IT on health care quality, safety, and efficiency, will require multidisciplinary models, new data systems, and abundant research. In this dissertation, I developed and used systems engineering methods to understand the role of new health IT in improving the coordination, safety, and efficiency of health care delivery.
It is well known that care coordination issues may result in preventable hospital readmissions. In this dissertation, I identified the status of the care coordination and hospital readmission issues in the United States, and the potential areas where systems engineering would make significant contributions (see Appendix B). This literature review introduced me to a second study (see Appendix C), in which I identified specific patient cohorts, within chronically ill patients, that are at a higher risk of being readmitted within 30 days. Important to note is that the largest volume of preventable hospital readmissions occurs among chronically ill patients. This study was a retrospective data analysis of a representative patient cohort from Tampa, Florida, based on multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. After finishing these two studies, I directed my research efforts to understand and generate evidence on the role of new health IT (i.e., health information exchange, HIE) in improving care coordination, and thereby reducing the chances of a patient to be unnecessarily readmitted to the hospital. HIE is the electronic exchange of patient data among different stakeholders in the health care industry. The exchange of patient data is achieved, for example, by connecting electronic medical records systems between unaffiliated health care providers. It is expected that HIE will allow physicians, nurses, pharmacists, other health care providers and patients to appropriately access and securely share a patient’s vital medical information electronically, and thereby improving the speed, quality, safety and cost of patient care. The federal government, through the 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, is actively stimulating health care providers to engage in HIE, so that they can freely exchange patient information. Although these networks of information exchange are the promise of a less fragmented and more efficient health care system, there are only a few functional and financially sustainable HIEs across the United States. Current evidence suggests four barriers for HIE: •Usability and interface issues of HIE systems •Privacy and security concerns of patient data •Lack of sustainable business models for HIE organizations •Loss of strategic advantage of "owning" patient information by joining HIE to freely share data To contribute in reducing usability and interface issues of HIE systems, I performed a user needs assessment for the internal medicine department of Tampa General Hospital in Tampa, Florida. I used qualitative research tools (see Appendix D) and machine learning techniques (see Appendix E) to answer the following fundamental questions: How do clinicians integrate patient information allocated in outside health care facilities? What are the types of information needed the most for efficient and effective medical decision-making? Additionally, I built a strategic gaming model (see Appendix F) to analyze the strategic role of "owning" patient information that health care providers lose by joining an HIE. Using bilevel mathematical programs, I mimic the hospital decision of joining HIE and the patient decision of switching from one hospital to another one. The fundamental questions I tried to answer were: What is the role of competition in the decision of whether or not hospitals will engage in HIE? Our mathematical framework can also be used by policy makers to answer the following question: What are the optimal levels of monetary incentives that will spur HIE engagement in a specific region? Answering these fundamental questions will support both the development of user-friendly HIE systems and the creation of more effective health IT policy to promote and generate HIE engagement. Through the development of these five studies, I demonstrated how systems engineering tools can be used by policy makers and health care providers to make health IT more useful, and to monitor and support the impact of health IT on health care quality, safety, and efficiency.
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Sundaravadivel, Prabha. "Application-Specific Things Architectures for IoT-Based Smart Healthcare Solutions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157532/.
Full textAbstract:
Human body is a complex system organized at different levels such as cells, tissues and organs, which contributes to 11 important organ systems. The functional efficiency of this complex system is evaluated as health. Traditional healthcare is unable to accommodate everyone's need due to the ever-increasing population and medical costs. With advancements in technology and medical research, traditional healthcare applications are shaping into smart healthcare solutions. Smart healthcare helps in continuously monitoring our body parameters, which helps in keeping people health-aware. It provides the ability for remote assistance, which helps in utilizing the available resources to maximum potential. The backbone of smart healthcare solutions is Internet of Things (IoT) which increases the computing capacity of the real-world components by using cloud-based solutions. The basic elements of these IoT based smart healthcare solutions are called "things." Things are simple sensors or actuators, which have the capacity to wirelessly connect with each other and to the internet. The research for this dissertation aims in developing architectures for these things, focusing on IoT-based smart healthcare solutions. The core for this dissertation is to contribute to the research in smart healthcare by identifying applications which can be monitored remotely. For this, application-specific thing architectures were proposed based on monitoring a specific body parameter; monitoring physical health for family and friends; and optimizing the power budget of IoT body sensor network using human body communications. The experimental results show promising scope towards improving the quality of life, through needle-less and cost-effective smart healthcare solutions.
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Dalsmyr, David, and Oliver Weberg. "Design av social mjukvara för att främja samarbete i en vårdkontext." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39643.
Full textAbstract:
Samarbete mellan vårdare är ett måste för att göra det möjligt att leverera högkvalitativ vård till vårdmottagare, men om samarbetet brister riskerar vårdmottagare att bli lidande. Ett sätt att främja samarbete är genom social mjukvara, som på grund av sina kommunikativa och relationella egenskaper har visat positiva resultat gällande förmåga att främja samarbete inom diverse organisationer och yrkesområden. Tidigare forskning gällande social mjukvara inom vård har dock fokuserat på vårdkrav och vårdmottagare, och delvis negligerat samarbetet mellan vårdare i verkliga arbetsprocesser. Vårdrelaterade yrken innefattar även flera etiska och lagliga anpassningar vilket har lett till komplexa tjänster som ska användas i miljöer fulla med avbrott. Denna studie genomfördes med en designstudie som metodansats, där designelement från aspekter av samarbete i form av tillit, kommunikation, och medvetenhet implementerades i en prototyp för att undersöka hur samarbete kan främjas i en vårdkontext. Vårdkontexten som studien genomfördes i var en anläggning för daglig verksamhet stationerad i Sverige. Studien resulterade i sju designförslag för hur social mjukvara inom vård kan designas för att främja samarbete.Collaboration between caregivers is a must to make it possible to deliver high-quality care to care recipients, but if the collaboration fails, the care recipients risk suffering. One way to promote collaboration is through social software, which, due to its communicative and relational properties, has shown positive results regarding the ability to promote collaboration within various organizations and professional areas. Previous research on social software in healthcare has focused on healthcare requirements and care recipients, and partly neglected the collaboration between caregivers in real work processes. Care-related professions also include several ethical and legal adjustments, which have led to complex services that will be used in environments full of disruptions. This study was conducted with a design study methods approach, in which design elements from aspects of collaboration in the form of trust, communication and awareness were implemented in a prototype to investigate how collaboration can be promoted in a healthcare context. The healthcare context in which the study was conducted was a facility for activities of daily living stationed in Sweden. The study resulted in seven design proposals for how social software in healthcare can be designed to promote collaboration.
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Wassrin, Siri. "Why is it difficult to design innovative IT? : An agential realist study of designing IT for healthcare innovation." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-146274.
Full textAbstract:
It may seem strange to claim that it is difficult to design innovative information technology (IT) in a time when the technological progress leaps forward like never before. However, despite the numerous opportunities that this rapid progress provides, we often design IT that is similar to existing artifacts, making IT design incremental rather than radical. At the same time, IT innovations are pointed out as crucial to meet the societal challenges we are facing, not least in the public sector, including a growing and older population, increasing demands from citizens and reduced tax revenues. This calls for us to better understand why it is difficult to design innovative IT. Previous research on this topic have mainly focused on human and social aspects, not paying close attention to IT. In this thesis, it is suggested that the sociomaterial theory agential realism can help shed light on the role of IT in innovative IT design, acknowledging the sociomateriality of IT. Thus, the overarching aim of this thesis is to apply agential realism on an empirical case in order to explore and explain why it is difficult to design innovative IT. To fulfill the aim, a qualitative case study was conducted in publicly funded healthcare. The empirical case is an example of an attempt to design innovative IT in a healthcare context. The empirical material was generated through participant observations, including video recordings, and semi-structured interviews. The material was analyzed in several rounds, with and without a theoretical lens. In the agential realist analysis, IT has been viewed as entangled with the world. The analysis focused on what boundaries IT produced and how these boundaries were consequential for what was possible and impossible to design. The thesis illustrates how IT is produced and productive in terms of both matter and meaning, and thus, is agential – IT makes differences in the world. What is possible to design is not only constrained by social structures but by the materiality of IT, what boundaries IT helps produce and the material-discursive practices that enact IT. Innovative IT design means to design material configurations that produce boundaries that are different from what have been enacted before and, thus, deviate from existing material-discursive practices. However, it is difficult to deviate from these since material-discursive practices are agential and define what boundaries are meaningful and legitimate. Hence, it is difficult to design innovative IT since innovative IT design has to both enact boundaries that deviate from agential material-discursive practices and also gain legitimacy. Through this explanation, the thesis makes an explanatory knowledge contribution which differs from and adds to earlier explanations. It also makes a contribution to conceptualizing the IT artifact by emphasizing IT as sociomaterial and providing examples of how IT can be understood as produced, productive, agential and entangled. Finally, the thesis also makes an empirical and methodological contribution in the sense that it demonstrates how an agential realist case study can be conducted in the field of Information Systems.Det kan verka märkligt att påstå att det är svårt att designa innovativ informationsteknik (IT) i en tid då den tekniska utvecklingen går snabbare än någonsin förr. Men trots de många möjligheter som den snabba utvecklingen erbjuder så designar vi ofta IT som liknar existerande artefakter, vilket resulterar i inkrementell snarare än radikal IT-design. Samtidigt pekas IT-innovation ut som kritisk för att möta de samhälleliga utmaningar som vi står inför, inte minst i den offentliga sektorn där en växande och åldrande befolkning, ökade krav från medborgare och minskade skatteintäkter ställer stora krav på offentliga organisationer. Av denna anledning behöver vi förbättra vår förståelse för varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. Tidigare forskning inom detta ämne har främst fokuserat på mänskliga och sociala aspekter men inte uppmärksammat IT. I denna avhandling föreslås att den sociomateriella teorin agentiell realism kan bidra till att belysa ITs roll i innovativ IT-design genom att se IT som sociomateriell. Därmed är avhandlingens övergripande syfte att applicera agentiell realism på ett empiriskt fall för att utforska och förklara varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförts i offentlig sjukvård. Det empiriska fallet är ett exempel på ett försök att designa innovativ IT i en sjukvårdskontext. Det empiriska materialet genererades genom deltagande observationer, inklusive videofilmning, och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet analyserades i flera omgångar, både med och utan teoretisk lins. I analysen där agentiell realism applicerades sågs IT som entangled (’intrasslad’) med världen. Denna analys fokuserade på vilka gränser som IT producerade och hur dessa gränser hade konsekvenser för vad som var möjligt respektive omöjligt att designa. Denna avhandling illustrerar hur IT är producerad och producerande både vad gäller materia och betydelser, och därmed är agentiell – IT gör skillnad i världen. Vad som är möjligt att designa är inte enbart begränsat av sociala strukturer utan också av ITs materialitet, vilka gränser som IT bidrar till att producera och de materiell-diskursiva praktiker som framställer IT. Innovativ ITdesign innebär att designa materiella konfigurationer som skapar gränser vilka skiljer sig från vad som blivit till innan och därmed avviker från rådande materiell-diskursiva praktiker. Det är dock svårt att avvika från dessa eftersom materiell-diskursiva praktiker är agentiella och definierar vilka gränser som är meningsfulla och legitima. Det är därmed svårt att designa innovativ IT då innovativ IT-design behöver både producera gränser som avviker från agentiella materiell-diskursiva praktiker och också uppnå legitimitet. Med denna förklaring ger avhandlingen ett kunskapsbidrag och bidrar till ny förståelse för varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. Avhandlingen bidrar också till att konceptualisera IT-artefakten genom att betona ITs sociomaterialitet och att ge exempel på hur IT kan förstås som producerad, producerande, agentiell och entangled. Slutligen ger avhandlingen också ett empiriskt och metodologiskt bidrag genom att demonstrera hur en agentiell realistisk fallstudie kan utföras inom informatikfältet.
The series name in the thesis Faculty of Arts and Sciences thesis is incorrect. The correct series name is FiF-avhandling.
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Chowdhury, Nusrat. "Design and Development of a Comprehensive and Interactive Diabetic Parameter Monitoring System - BeticTrack." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3646.
Full textAbstract:
A novel, interactive Android app has been developed that monitors the health of type 2 diabetic patients in real-time, providing patients and their physicians with real-time feedback on all relevant parameters of diabetes. The app includes modules for recording carbohydrate intake and blood glucose; for reminding patients about the need to take medications on schedule; and for tracking physical activity, using movement data via Bluetooth from a pair of wearable insole devices. Two machine learning models were developed to detect seven physical activities: sitting, standing, walking, running, stair ascent, stair descent and use of elliptical trainers. The SVM and decision tree models produced an average accuracy of 85% for these seven activities. The decision tree model is implemented in an app that classifies human activity in real-time.
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Babar, Ayesha, and Carine Kanani. "Monitoring of Vital Signs Parameters with ICTs : A Participatory Design Approach." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97030.
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The development of internet-based technologies, the design and adoption of wireless wearable and smart devices have been a growing study spot in all domains. The healthcare sector as many others is making technological progress to improve healthcare services and patients wellbeing and avoid or minimize the use of manual and traditional practices such as the use of paper notes to record the vital signs parameters data. The vital signs parameters are the most monitored physiology features, they produce a big amount of data and request a close follow up to define the health condition of a patient. Continuous vital signs monitoring involves the usage of different devices and systems, which if appropriate positively impact the activities involved, by enabling the continuous generation of data and information about the overall health status of patients and contribute to the wellbeing of individuals, in terms of preventing and reducing fatal risks. To investigate this situation, this research’s focus was in three parts; first, investigate recent research about patient’s health predictions based on vital signs parameters and the impacts of continuous monitoring on the care given. Second, explore the availability in terms of i.e. sensors used in devices that can continuously track vital signs parameters. Last, to provide a possible design recommendation to improve and/or replace the existing devices for vital signs parameters measuring and monitoring in emergency and post-operative care. A qualitative approach and participatory design approach were used to collect data. The qualitative part was achieved through interviews and the participatory design part was accomplished by the future workshop and two prototyping techniques, paper and digital prototypes. The findings of this research were analysed using conceptual analysis, and also discussed using those concepts. Together with the participants, this research resulted in three design suggestions which if implemented shall improve the vital signs continuous monitoring activities, by facilitating the healthcare professionals in their clinical responsibilities and improving the patients wellbeing while admitted in Emergency and Post-operative wards.
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Bohlander, Joacim. "AI-system för sjukvården - en studie kring design av förklaringar till AI-modeller och dess inverkan på sjukvårdspersonalens förståelse och tillit." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19975.
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Användningsområdena för artificiell intelligens ökar ständigt vilket är inte förvånande då AIs förmåga att lösa komplicerade problem många gånger överstiger den mänskliga motsvarigheten. Implementeringen av AI-system har ibland gått så långt att utvecklarna själva inte längre vet hur systemet har tagit fram en slutsats; vilket har gjort att möjligheten att undersöka, förstå och felsöka utfall är näst intill icke-existerande. Eftersom dagens AI-system inte erbjuder förklaringar till utfallen har det resulterat i en ovilja hos slutanvändaren. Forskningsområdet eXplainable AI (XAI) menar att genom att använda genererade förklaringar kan AI-systemen bli mer förståeliga för slutanvändaren. Ett område som är i stort behov av AI-system är sjukvården, speciellt inom sepsis där en snabb diagnostisering drastiskt minskar sjukdomens mortalitet. Syftet med denna studie var att ta fram designriktlinjer vid utveckling av förklaringar som är ämnade att främja tillit till och förståelse för AI-baserade kliniska beslutsstöd menade för diagnostisering av sepsis. Studien påbörjades med en förstudie som bestod av en enkät och en litteraturstudie, sedan utvecklades en mid-fi prototyp som följdes av användarupplevelsetester. Insamlad dataanalyserades med hjälp av top-down och en induktiv analysmetod varefter ett slutligt resultat togs fram. Resultatet säkerställde att det finns flera faktorer som behöver inkorporeras vid framtagandet avförklaringar till ett AI-systems rekommendationer för främjande av tillit och förståelse. För en ökad tillit behöver en förklaring kompletteras med data som tillåter slutanvändaren att validera förklaringen och bemöta användarens informationsbehov. För en ökad förståelse bör en förklaring innehålla information som tillåter användaren förstå anledningen till förklaringens huvudinnehåll, exempelvis ”X beror på Z och Y”. Tilliten och förståelsen i denna studie mättes endast vid ett tillfälle vilket gör att frågan om hur riktlinjerna skulle påverka tillit till och förståelse för AI-system över tid kvarstår.The fields of application for artificial intelligence is constantly increasing, which is not suprising as the AI's ability to solve complex problems often exceeds the human counterpart. The development of AI systems has come so far that somtimes not even the developers themselves can explain how the system came to its conclusion; which has made the possibility of examining, understanding and troubleshooting outcomes almost non-existent. Since today's AI systems do not offer explanations for the outcomes, it has resulted in resistance on the part of the end user. The research are eXplainable AI (XAI) believes that using generated explanations, AI systems can become more understandable to the end user. One area that is in great need of AI systems is healthcare, especially for diagnosing sepsis where a rapid diagnosis drastically reduces the mortality of the disease. The purpose of this study was to develop design guidelines for the development of explanations that are intended to promote trust and understanding of AI-based clinical decision support intended for the diagnosis of sepsis.The study began with a feasibility study consisting of a questionnaire and a literature study, then amid-fi prototype was developed that was followed by user experience tests. Collected data were analyzed using top-down and an inductive analysis after which a final result was obtained.The results ensured that there are several factors that need to be incorporated in the development of explanations for the promotion of trust and understanding. For increased trust, an explanation needs to be supplemented with data that allows the end user to validate the explanation and meet the user's information needs. For an increased understanding, an explanation should contain information that allows the user to understand the reason for the main content of the explanation, for example "Xdepends on Z and Y".The trust and understanding in this study was only measured at one occasion, as such the question of how the guidelines would affect trust and understanding of AI systems over time remains.
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Yip, Man Hang. "Healthcare product-service system characterisation : implications for design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/249205.
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The engineering design process transforms stakeholders’ needs and desires into design specifications. In this process, manufacturers make decisions that impact how much value can be generated from a new product/service. Clear design specification can enhance the value of a product/service. This research study focuses on the engineering design process for systems of products and services - product-service systems (PSSs). An unambiguous PSS classification could help manufacturers to produce clearer design specifications, however there is a lack of clear PSS classifications for engineering design. Existing classifications rely on an out-dated distinction between tangible objects as products, and everything else as a service, a division that inappropriately classifies digital products as services. To develop a coherent PSS classification, it is necessary to understand which characteristics of PSS can clarify its design specification. This research addresses this problem by determining the PSS characteristics that are useful for clarifying the design specification. The research aims to develop a PSS characterisation scheme and explore how the scheme influences design specifications. To achieve these aims, case study and action research methods are employed. This study has developed a PSS characterisation scheme that clarifies design specifications and a method to systematically apply this scheme, the PSS characterisation approach. This approach proves useful for practitioners to clarify design specifications, and has extended the application of the theory of technical systems to instruments supporting the engineering design process. The PSS characterisation scheme comprises four characteristics: customer perceived value level, ‘connectivity number’, type and degree of connectivity and configuration type. The scheme does not use the ‘tangibility’ distinction, but incorporates concepts of value creation and interdependencies within a PSS and between a PSS and its environment. This novel characterisation scheme contributes to the development of a PSS classification scheme for engineering design and also to the literature of PSS classifications.
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Moris, Matías Urenda. "Dealing with variability in the design, planning and evaluation of healthcare inpatient units : a modeling methodology for patient dependency variations." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3914.
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This research addresses the fluctuating demand and high variability in healthcare systems. These system’s variations need to be considered whilst at the same time making efficient use of the systems’ resources. Patient dependency fluctuation, which makes determining the level of adequate staffing highly complex, is among the variations addressed. Dealing with variability is found to be a key feature in the design, planning and evaluation of healthcare systems. Healthcare providers are facing increasing challenges resulting from an aging population, higher patient expectancies, a shortage of healthcare professionals, as well as increasing costs and reduced funding. Despite the accentuated need for effective healthcare systems and efficient use of resources, many healthcare organisations are inadequately designed and, moreover, poorly managed. Hospital systems consist of complex interrelations between relatively small units, each of which is sensitive to stochastic variations in demand. In addition to this aspect of the system view, a critical resource for the patients’ wellbeing and survival is the staffing level of nurses. This puts the planning and scheduling of human resources as one of the system’s foremost aims. Current tools for staffing and personnel planning in healthcare organisations do not take into consideration the workload variations that result from the variable nature of patient dependency levels. The work presents the empirical findings of a number of case studies conducted at a regional hospital in Sweden. Principles and practical suggestions for the robust system design of inpatient wards using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) have been identified. Although DES techniques have, in principle, all the features for modelling the variation and stochastic nature of systems, DES has not been previously used for workload studies of inpatient wards. The main contribution of this work is therefore how a combination of DES and the data of Patient Classification Systems (PCSs) can be used to model workload variations and, subsequently, plan the nurse staffing requirements in systems with high variability. The work presented gives step by step guidance in how the analysis and subsequent modelling of an inpatient ward should be carried out. It defines a novel modelling methodology for patient dependency variations and length of stay modelling of a patient’s dependency progression, including an adaptation to the ward’s discharge figures. The modelling approach opens a novel way of analysing and evaluating the system design of inpatient wards.
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Jia, Hao. "A web application for Medasolution Healthcare Company customer service system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2612.
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Medasolution is a virtual company designed by the author to handle Medicare insurance business. The web application (which uses ASP.net and SQL Server 2000) facilitates communication between Medasolution and all its clients: members, employers, brokers, and medicare providers through separate web pages based on their category levels. The program incorporates security so that it follows government privacy rules regarding client information.
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Nohria, Kanishka. "Transformation of the US healthcare system with the advent of wireless sensing technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118533.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-47).
The US healthcare system is looked at from the point of view of various stakeholders and how its current structure has emerged over the years. With the shifting demographics, change in disease mix, ICT revolution and other factors at play, the system is in a state of flux. Sensor technology on the other hand has also progressed over the years to reach a point where low-cost mass-produced smart sensors are becoming omnipresent. A variety of such sensors are now available, and new ones are being developed for specific needs, like for continuous health monitoring systems. New wireless sensing technologies are redefining the care services, processes and customer expectations. This is especially true for chronic disease management and eldercare. We develop a view point to understand at a broad level how the US healthcare system is currently evolving and what role could new technologies, like wireless sensing, play in shaping its near future. These new technologies are slowly gaining foothold in the market and could possibly reach a point of inflection soon where the population starts to adopt them in masses. By creating a new mental model of how various parts in the system interact with each other, we try and develop an understanding of which factors might affect the speed of adoption of these new technologies into the system.
by Kanishka Nohria.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Abele, Alexander. "Acculan System : The next generation of a Surgical Power Tool." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162815.
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Orthopedic surgery is dangerous, especially for the surgeon! Tool failures belong to the ten most frequent causes of operation delays. Nowadays, hospitals are pressured to optimize procedures and lower costs. Especially, orthopedic surgery is physically demanding for the ergonomics of the surgeon and tools wear out more quickly. Could the evolution of a surgical power tool be used in these scenarios to ease and support the surgeons work, increase the efficiency and flexibility of usage and at the same time offer more control and knowledge about the condition of the tools?
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Jiang, Chuan. "A Smart and Minimally Intrusive Monitoring Framework Design for Health Assessment of the Elderly." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439294464.
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Eriksson, Albert. "Reducing waste from healthcare in a society of mass consumption : Applying PSS for personal protective equipment." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21088.
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Background. The amount of waste generated each year is increased, research indicates that 79 % of plastic waste is dumped in landfills, 12% to incinerated and 9% of the plastics are recycled. At the beginning of the year 2020, an increase in personal protective equipment (PPE) was noted as a direct result of the Covid-19 pandemic that spread around the world. As a foundation to the waste problem in society, VolvoGroup presented its zero mission goals. The zero missions goals were to be captured in a problem space provided by Volvo. A problem space that students at Blekinge Institute of Technology and Stanford University were set out to find a solution to. Objectives. The objectives of this thesis were through the Design Thinking strategy to find solutions that are circular and applied as a PSS. The goal is to apply a circular system of which Volvo Group can apply in their line of work, also to transition this solution into other areas, e.g. healthcare. Methods. For research measures, the Design Research Methodology was used to frame the research and Design Thinking to frame the design process. Results. The result presented is a machine that can provide Volvo Group or healthcare with circular single-use gloves. The circular aspects are enabled by a certain material, allowing the created system to be circular. The system is applied as a product-service system, enhancing the availability of gloves in either healthcare or inside Volvo Group. Conclusions. The circular system applied as a PSS satisfies the goals by Volvo Group by reducing waste generated, increasing availability of protective equipment, thus increasing the safety of users in need of PPE. The created circular system has the potential to be applied in other areas than waste management and healthcare, which can be proved through future research.Bakgrund. Mängden sopor som slängs ökar för vart år som går. Forskning visar att79% av all plast som slängs går till deponi, 12% går till förbränning och resterandemängd plast (9%) återvinns. Under år 2020 har förbrukningen av skyddsartiklar av engångstyp ökat på grund av den Covid-19-pandemi som bröt ut i början av året. Den ökade förbrukningen har sin tur medfört nedskräpning av skyddsartiklar i naturen i en ökad omfattning. Till följd av detta har Volvo Group utformat ett uppdrag i syfte att få hjälp med att nå sin nollvision. Visionen innebär att utsläpp, olyckor och produktionsstopp ska upphöra helt och hållet. Uppdraget tilldelades en gruppstudenter på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola och Stanford University. Studenterna fick i uppgift att angripa problemet och komma med en lösning som uppfyller företagets nollvision. Syfte. Syftet med denna rapport är att genom design thinking- strategin finna en lösning som kan skapa ett cirkulärt system och appliceras som ett produkt-servicesystem (PSS). Målet är att kunna applicera detta system inom Volvo koncernen, men att även kunna presentera möjligheten att göra systemet tillämpningsbart inom sjukvården. Metod. I rent forskningssyfte användes Design Research Methodology för att rama in forskningen som skedde parallellt med utvecklingsprocessen. Utvecklingsprocessen följde ramarna för Design Thinking som presenterar olika typer av verktyg för design och utveckling av en produkt. Resultat. Det resultat som presenteras i denna rapport är ett cirkulärt system applicerat i en form av en PSS. Det som möjliggör detta system är ett material som tillåter reproduktion av engångshandskar som går att applicera inom sophanteringsindustrin. Detta indikerar även på att ett likande system kan medföra att sjukvården kan bli självständig i sitt användande av skyddsutrustning. Slutsatser. Ett cirkulärt system som uppfyller Volvos nollvision genom att skydda deras arbetare sluter ett kretslopp för en typ av skyddsutrustning. Det leder även tillökad tillgänglighet av utrusning. Detta system har potentialen att appliceras inom sjukvården i form av ett centraliserat system på sjukhus som tillför mindre enheter med tillverkade handskar.
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Boidi, Krishna Verma. "Design, Simulate and Prototype Data Decision System for the Smart Universal Gateway for e-HealthCare System : Master Thesis." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14837.
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Jun, Gyuchan Thomas. "Design for patient safety : a systematic evaluation of process modelling approaches for healthcare system safety improvement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613021.
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Xu, Guo Dong. "Thoughts on Design Ethics Applied to Kitchen Management System in the Information and Digitization Age." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1523633653648084.
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Mucci, Nicola B. "The Efficacy of Psychosocial Services in Comprehensive Cancer Care: A Program Evaluation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1483579015227832.
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Selleby, Daniel. "Enhancing the person-centered care system through digital communication tools by applying a user-centered approach to a hospital environment." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23450.
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Digital technologies are becoming increasingly common tools in our daily lives. We use it for finding information, but also to communicate with people all over the world. With a vision to strengthen Swedish healthcare's digital resources, Sweden has made major efforts in this area. Improved living conditions have changed the demographic situation as people grow older, which in turn places higher demands on healthcare efficiency. Being able to meet these demands has made digitalization of healthcare increasingly important, but also demonstrating new challenges such as participation, transparency and usability. The purpose of this study has been to investigate if communicative tools can be created to facilitate nurses work with person-centred care and to enhance patients' positive experiences of their own care. The study is based on interviews and observations with nurses working within orthopaedic sections and employees working in facility management as well as administration within the hospital. The results show that digital solutions can be effective tools for enhancing person-centered care, but with automated solutions the physical encounter between nurses and patients can be reduced. The concepts that have been developed are two mobile applications. They were developed with the intention to make it easier for nurses to document and communicate patients' activity and care plans.
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Oosthuizen, Louzanne. "A location science model for the placement of POC CD4 testing devices as part of South Africa's public healthcare diagnostic service delivery model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96972.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has a severe HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) burden and the management of the disease is a priority, especially in the public healthcare sector. One element of managing the disease, is determining when to initiate an HIV positive individual onto anti-retroviral therapy (ART), a treatment that the patient will remain on for the remainder of their lifetime. For the majority of HIV positive individuals in the country, this decision is governed by the results of a CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) test that is performed at set time intervals from the time that the patient is diagnosed with HIV until the patient is initiated onto ART. A device for CD4 measurement at the point of care (POC), the Alere PIMA™, has recently become commercially available. This has prompted a need to evaluate whether CD4 testing at the POC (i.e. at the patient serving healthcare facility) should be incorporated into the South African public healthcare sector's HIV diagnostic service provision model. One challenge associated with the management of HIV in the country is the relatively large percentage of patients that are lost to follow-up at various points in the HIV treatment process. There is extensive evidence that testing CD4 levels at the POC (rather than in a laboratory, as is the current practice) reduces the percentage of patients that are lost to follow-up before being initiated onto ART. Therefore, though POC CD4 testing is more expensive than laboratory-based CD4 testing, the use of this technology in South Africa should be investigated for its potential to positively influence health outcomes. In this research, a multi-objective location science model is used to generate scenarios for the provision of CD4 testing capability. For each scenario, CD4 testing provision at 3 279 ART initiation facilities is considered. For each facility, either (i) a POC device is placed at the site; or (ii) the site's testing workload is referred to one of the 61 CD4 laboratories in the country. To develop this model, the characteristics of eight basic facility location models are compared to the attributes of the real-world problem in order to select the most suitable one for application. The selected model's objective, assumptions and inputs are adjusted in order to adequately model the realworld problem. The model is solved using the cross-entropy method for multi-objective optimisation and the results are verified using a commercial algorithm. Nine scenarios are selected from the acquired Pareto set for detailed presentation. In addition, details on the status quo as well as a scenario where POC testing is used as widely as possible are also presented. These scenarios are selected to provide decision-makers with information on the range of options that should be considered, from no or very limited use to widespread use of POC testing. Arguably the most valuable contribution of this research is to provide an indication of the optimal trade-off points between an improved healthcare outcome due to POC CD4 testing and increased healthcare spending on POC CD4 testing in the South African public healthcare context. This research also contributes to the location science literature and the metaheuristic literature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika gaan gebuk onder `n swaar MIV- (menslike-immuniteitsgebreksvirus-) las en die bestuur van die siekte is `n prioriteit, veral in die openbare gesondheidsorgsektor. Een element in die bestuur van die siekte is om te bepaal wanneer `n MIV-positiewe individu met antiretrovirale- (ARV-)behandeling behoort te begin, waarop pasiënte dan vir die res van hul lewens bly. Vir die meeste MIV-positiewe individue in die land word hierdie besluit bepaal deur die uitslae van `n CD4- (cluster of differentiation 4-)toets wat met vasgestelde tussenposes uitgevoer word vandat die pasiënt met MIV gediagnoseer word totdat hy of sy met ARV-behandeling begin. `n Toestel vir CD4-meting by die punt van sorg (\POC"), die Alere PIMA™, is onlangs kommersieel beskikbaar gestel. Dit het `n behoefte laat ontstaan om te bepaal of CD4-toetsing by die POC (met ander woorde, by die gesondheidsorgfasiliteit waar die pasiënt bedien word) by die MIV-diagnostiese diensleweringsmodel van die Suid-Afrikaanse openbare gesondheidsorgsektor ingesluit behoort te word. Een uitdaging met betrekking tot MIV-bestuur in die land is die betreklik groot persentasie pasiënte wat verlore gaan vir nasorg in die verskillende stadiums van die MIV-behandelingsproses. Heelwat bewyse dui daarop dat die toetsing van CD4-vlakke by die POC (eerder as in `n laboratorium, soos wat tans die praktyk is) die persentasie pasiënte wat verlore gaan vir nasorg voordat hulle met ARV-behandeling kan begin, verminder. Daarom, hoewel CD4-toetsing by die POC duurder is as toetsing in `n laboratorium, behoort die gebruik van hierdie tegnologie in Suid-Afrika ondersoek te word. In hierdie studie is `n meerdoelige liggingswetenskapmodel gebruik om scenario's vir die voorsiening van CD4-toetsvermoë te skep. Vir elke scenario word CD4-toetsvermoë by 3 279 ARV-inisiasie fasiliteite oorweeg. Vir elke fasiliteit word toetsvermoë verskaf deur (i) die plasing van POC-toestelle by die fasiliteit, of (ii) verwysing vir laboratoriumgebaseerde toetsing by een van die 61 CD4-laboratoriums in die land. Die kenmerke van agt basiese fasiliteitsliggingsmodelle is met die kenmerke van die werklike probleem vergelyk om die mees geskikte model vir toepassing op die werklike probleem te bepaal. Die doelwitte, aannames en insette van die gekose model is daarna aangepas om die werklike probleem voldoende te modelleer. Die model is opgelos met behulp van die kruis-entropie-metode vir meerdoelige optimering, waarna die resultate deur middel van `n kommersiële algoritme bevestig is. Nege scenario's uit die verworwe Pareto-stel word uitvoerig aangebied. Daarbenewens beskryf die studieresultate die besonderhede van die status quo sowel as `n scenario waar POC-toetsing so wyd moontlik gebruik word. Hierdie scenario's word aangebied om besluitnemers van inligting te voorsien oor die verskeidenheid moontlikhede wat oorweeg kan word, wat wissel van geen of baie beperkte tot wydverspreide gebruik van POC-toetsing. Die mees beduidende bydrae van hierdie navorsing is stellig dat dit `n aanduiding bied van die optimale kompromie tussen `n verbeterde gesondheidsorguitkoms weens CD4-toetsing by die POC, en verhoogde gesondheidsorgbesteding aan CD4-toetsing by die POC, in die konteks van Suid-Afrikaanse openbare gesondheidsorg. Die navorsing dra ook by tot die ligingswetenskapliteratuur sowel as tot die metaheuristiekliteratuur.
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Maximo, Tulio P. dos Santos. "Not just the right for a wheelchair but the right wheelchair : a multi-site study of the wheelchair public service provision in Belo Horizonte city, Brazil." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/31843.
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For decades the care of disabled population in Brazil has been neglected by the government and was provided largely by the charitable institutions. It was as only recently, as in the year 2011 that Brazilian government created the national plan for the rights of the disabled people. The plan articulates policies regarding social inclusion, access to education, accessibility and health care. The last section of the plan includes the provision of wheelchairs free of cost to the Brazilians citizens, who are in need of a wheelchair. It is common knowledge that a wrong wheelchair specification can lead to physical damage for the user and the carer; the abandonment of device, and wastage of time and resources involved in the wheelchair provision. The World Health Organization has propounded several good practices and training material with reference to wheelchair services towards enabling of right wheelchair fit to the user characteristics. Though, there is no evidence that the service provided in Brazil adheres to these guidelines or any other wheelchair service good practice. This research reviews the wheelchair service provision in Belo Horizonte city, Brazil with the aim to understand the functionality of these services in order to provide context-specific interventions and recommendations to improve the design of current services. Herein, three main studies were conducted using a mix of methods: A first exploratory study was conducted to assess the Belo Horizonte assistive technology services and identify a research focus. A second study was conducted to develop an in-depth insight on the understanding of the wheelchair service provided and to collect the necessary information towards creating a context-based and collaborative designed intervention. A third study was conducted to evaluate and improve the proposed interventions. A total of sixty-six interviews were conducted (n=66) with service stakeholders and two hundred and fifty user care observed (n=250) from which ninety-five (n=95) tested the proposed interventions.
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Saad, Khazaal Hedir, and Per Sonberg. "Designriktlinjer för hur eHälsotjänster kan designas för att stödja personcentrerad vård." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34511.
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Digitaliseringen har drivit utvecklingen av nya kraftfulla informationssystem med potential att effektivisera sjukvården. Internet har blivit en primär källa för människor att söka hälsorelaterad information och vårdsektorn står inför utmaningen att utveckla digitala system som fokuserar på patienten och dennes välmående. Den här undersökningen har genomförts för att besvara hur eHälsotjänster kan designas för att stödja en personcentrerad vård. Det gjordes med hjälp av en designorienterad ansats och resulterade i fyra designriktlinjer som beskriver hur patienters behov för översikt, kontroll och anpassning av behandlingen bör bemötas. De fyra designriktlinjerna har implementerats i en prototyp som har validerats och utvärderats. Undersökningen har bidragit med ökad kunskap kring hur eHälsotjänster kan designas för personcentrerad vård och har därmed besvarat undersökningens frågeställning.Digitization has driven the development of new powerful information systems, with the potential to improve the efficiency in the healthcare system. The Internet has become a primary source for seeking healthcare related information and therefore the healthcare sector are facing a challenge with developing digital systems with person-centered focus. This study has aimed to answer the question “How can eHealth solutions be designed to maintain a person centeredness in the healthcare”. The study has used a design-oriented approach that resulted in four design guidelines that address patients needs for an overview, control and adaption of the content in their treatment. The design guidelines describe how eHealth can be designed for person-centered care and the guidelines represent the results that was identified in the study. The four guidelines have been applied in a prototype, and evaluated by different test persons. The study showed that the guidelines will contribute to increased knowledge about how eHealth can be designed for person-centered care and have given an answer for the research question.
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Elahi, Behin. "Integrated Optimization Models and Strategies for Green Supply Chain Planning." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1467266039.
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