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1

Bournemouth University. Institute of Health and Community Studies. QAA major review of NHS funded healthcare programmes: Self evaluation document. Poole: Bournemouth University, Institute of Health & Community Studies, 2005.

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2

Organization, World Health, ed. Equity, social determinants, and public health programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2010.

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3

Hignett, Sue. Measuring the effectiveness of competency - based education and training programmes in changing the manual handling behaviour of healthcare staff. Sudbury: HSE books, 2005.

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4

Health, Nova Scotia Dept of. Healthcare update: Regionalization. [Halifax]: Dept. of Health, 1998.

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5

Administering medications: Pharmacology for healthcare professionals. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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6

American Health Information Management Association, ed. Quality and performance improvement in healthcare: A tool for programmed learning. 4th ed. Chicago, Ill: American Health Information Management Association, 2010.

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7

Patricia, Shaw, and American Health Information Management Association., eds. Quality and performance improvement in healthcare: A tool for programmed learning. 3rd ed. Chicago, Ill: American Health Information Management Association, 2007.

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8

Designing 21st century healthcare: Leadership in hospitals and healthcare systems. Chicago, Ill: Health Administration Press, 1998.

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9

Security, National Association for Healthcare. Basic training manual and study guide for healthcare security officers: A programme of the National Association for Healthcare Security. [London]: National Association for Healthcare Security, 1997.

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10

Force, Healthcare Industries Task. Better healthcare through partnership: A programme for action : final report, November 2004. London: Department of Health, 2004.

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11

Ashton, David. The corporate healthcare revolution: Strategies for preventive medicine at work. London: Kogan Page in association with the Institute of Personnel Management, 1989.

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12

D, Knox Michael, and Sparks Caroline H, eds. HIV and community mental healthcare. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

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13

Duncan, Ian G. Managing and evaluating healthcare intervention programs. Winsted, CT: ACTEX Publications, 2008.

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14

Managing and evaluating healthcare intervention programs. Winsted, CT: ACTEX Publications, Inc., 2014.

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15

Bern, Deborah. Providers as partners: An EAP-based model for successful integrated managed behavioral healthcare. Toronto, Canada: Keynote Publishers, 1996.

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16

Peter, Boland, ed. Making managed healthcare work: A practical guide to strategies and solutions. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1993.

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17

A guide to consulting services for emerging healthcare organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999.

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18

How to respond to managed behavioral healthcare: A workbook guide for your organization's success. Tiburon, Calif: CentraLink Publications, 1995.

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19

The ethical way: Challenges and solutions for managed behavioral healthcare. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1997.

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20

F, Matthiessen Peter, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Homeopathy in Healthcare – Effectiveness, Appropriateness, Safety, Costs: An HTA report on homeopathy as part of the Swiss Complementary Medicine Evaluation Programme. Berlin, Heidelberg: EACH, Baden-Baden, 2011.

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21

(Editor), Peter Orton, and Salman Rawaf (Editor), eds. Health Improvement Programmes (Current Issues in Healthcare). Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd, 2000.

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22

Sustaining Lean Healthcare Programmes A Practical Survival Guide. Ecademy Press Limited, 2008.

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23

Holt, Peter. Implementing Cost Improvement Programmes in Hospitals (FT Strategic Healthcare Management). Urch Publishing Ltd, 1999.

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24

Stepanek, Martin, Marco Hafner, Jirka Taylor, Sarah Grand-Clement, and Christian Stolk. The return of investment for preventive healthcare programmes: A calculation framework for GSK's Partnership for Prevention (P4P). RAND Corporation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr1787.

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25

Lankester, Ted, and Nathan J. Grills, eds. Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806653.001.0001.

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The central role of the community and its place in both healthcare planning and service delivery is increasingly seen as a vital foundation for global health. The fourth edition of Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings provides a practical introductory guide to the initiation, management, and sustaining of health care programmes in developing countries. The book has been fully revised to take into account the Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and Universal Health Coverage. Taking an evidence-based approach the book provides rationales and contextualized examples of health at the community level. Key topics include non-communicable diseases, disability, addiction, abuse and mental health. This book provides a practical guide for community health workers including field workers, programme managers, medical professionals involved in front line health care, administrators, health planners and postgraduate students
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26

Merckaert, Isabelle, Yves Libert, and Darius Razavi. The Belgian experience in communication skills training. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0059.

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Communication is recognized as one of healthcare professionals’ core clinical skills. Even though many endeavours have been undertaken to help professionals acquire these skills, many questions remain unanswered in terms of the transfer of learned skills to clinical practice, and in terms of the impact of this transfer on patients’ care and well-being. In the last two decades, communication skills training programmes, designed for healthcare professionals working in cancer care, have been the focus of several research endeavours of a research group based in Belgium. The efficacy of designed programmes has been tested in studies using a controlled design. Studies varied in the type of teaching method, the length of training, and the outcome measures considered. Four programmes will be detailed in this chapter in terms of rationale and results. The conclusion will build upon these experiences to develop recommendations and discuss where we may go from there.
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27

Sahay, Sundeep, T. Sundararaman, and Jørn Braa. Understanding Public Health Informatics in Context of Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758778.003.0002.

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This chapter places public health informatics within a public health context. An understanding of PHI must be built on the perspective of public health as the health of populations. In LMICs it is closely related to an understanding of the primary healthcare approach, and the role and functions of public health systems, including the measurement of health status and equity, the effective coverage of different health programmes, and the utilization of different health services. This requires an understanding of the social and environmental determinants of healthcare, which need relevant data from other sectors as well. The architecture and development of public health informatics varies across nations and is path-dependent and context-specific. Many have evolved as monitoring support to externally financed vertical programmes, some as support for comprehensive primary health programmes and some from support systems for health insurance. The current information needs of health systems, transcends their respective origins, and requires both individual-based clinical information and aggregate population-based data.
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28

Yvette, Buttery, and CASPE Research, eds. Dorset HealthCare NHS Trust's clinical audit programme: A case study. London: CASPE Research, 1995.

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29

Laundy, Matthew. Information technology in antimicrobial stewardship. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0008.

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The information technology (IT) revolution has totally changed the way we function in society, yet sometimes it appears that this revolution has bypassed healthcare, partially due to its inherently conservative nature and partially to justifiable concerns about patient safety and privacy. Information is essential for an effective antimicrobial stewardship programme. Stewardship programmes have been hampered by the lack of IT and informatics systems to monitor, measure, and support them. This chapter reviews the sources of information required for antimicrobial stewardship, electronic health records, including electronic prescribing, and clinical decision support systems. Barriers to the implementation of IT in stewardship are examined. Social media and online educational resources are discussed. Big Data and clinical intelligence systems are briefly investigated.
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30

Cox, Sue, and Nicola Thomas. Patient education and involvement in pre-dialysis management. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0142.

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A well-structured, patient-focused education programme is essential in the pre-dialysis setting. It is well recognized that patients with progressive chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5 need to access appropriate levels of education to ensure patient choice, preparation, and timely commencement of renal replacement therapy. This education needs to be structured to suit different learning styles, individualized in approach and provided by healthcare professionals who have appropriate training and skills. There are many barriers to learning and individuals need information at different times, in different formats, and varying levels. Assessment and individualized planning is paramount prior to any information being provided to ensure maximum benefit. Education should be provided in many formats and tailored to meet the individual’s needs. Patient involvement in education (peer education) is recommended. All education programmes should be continuously evaluated and user involvement is a must when developing and evaluating any aspect of the education programme.
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31

De La Cruz, Anthony, Richard F. Brown, and Steve Passik. Ambulatory care nurses responding to depression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0029.

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Depression is a common occurrence among cancer patients; however, it goes undetected by healthcare providers in about 50% of cases. Ambulatory nurses are in a key position to identify and respond to a patient’s emotional distress and aid in the detection of patients at risk for or suffering from depression. Programmes in communication skills training have been shown to help nurses detect and respond to patient depression. A model of core communication components consisting of strategies, skills, and process tasks is presented. This model will enable nurses to gain an understanding of the patient’s experience and assist in the recognition and treatment of depression. The results of a pilot programme utilizing this model and skills will also be presented. An overview of the nature of depression and risks factors and barriers to the identification of depression is presented.
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32

Olsen, Jan Abel. Principles in Health Economics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.001.0001.

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Principles in Health Economics and Policy, second edition, is a concise introduction to health economics and its application to health policy. It introduces the subject of economics, explains the fundamental failures in the market for healthcare, and discusses the concepts of equity and fairness when applied to health and healthcare. The book takes a globally relevant, policy-oriented approach that emphasizes the application of economic analysis to universal health policy issues in an accessible manner. It explores four principal questions facing health policymakers all over the world. These questions are universal in that they are relevant no matter how much money a country spends on its health service, and no matter its political system. The structure of this book reflects the following logical order of these four questions: How should society intervene in the determinants that affect health? How should healthcare be financed? How should healthcare providers be paid? And, how should alternative healthcare programmes be evaluated when setting priorities? The book is an ideal reference guide for everyone interested in how the tools of health economics can be applied when shaping health policy.
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33

Fancourt, Daisy. Defining arts in health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0004.

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This chapter explores what ‘arts in health’ actually is. It considers some of the existing models for explaining the scope of arts in health practice and proposes a new way of categorizing arts in health activity. It outlines seven of the key areas of activity, including the use of arts and design in the healthcare environment, participatory arts programmes for specific patient groups, general arts activities in everyday life, arts in psychotherapy, arts in healthcare technology, arts-based training, and arts in health education. For each, a brief history of the development of activity is provided along with case studies of practice and resources for learning more. The chapter also considers how arts in health sits in relation to other fields such as medical humanities.
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34

Olsen, Jan Abel. Beyond cost-effectiveness: priority setting. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0020.

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The final chapter of this book, Chapter 20, goes beyond the two sets of variables that are considered within an economic evaluation: costs and outcomes. The issue here is how equity and fairness can be included in the decision-making process by allowing different threshold values for quality-adjusted life years depending on the distributive implications of healthcare programmes. The fundamental question is what type of inequality that policymakers would seek to reduce. Five equity principles in health are discussed, and compared using diagrams and numerical examples. These are equality in (1) future health, (2) future health losses, (3) the proportion of future health lost, (4) lifetime health losses, and (5) lifetime health. While the debate on equity weighting generally involves arguments for accepting higher threshold values, the chapter ends with the contexts when lower threshold values would be appropriate, that is, being cost-effective does not imply that the programme should be publicly funded.
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35

Mone, Thomas. Organ donation. Edited by Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0277.

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Kidney transplantation has been and continues to be dependent on the apparently unscientific and decidedly personal act of organ donation. In the best-performing regions of the world, 75–95% of those who are medically suitable actually become donors upon their deaths, but because of increasing rates of organ failure, even in these high-performing areas, waiting lists continue to grow. Deceased organ donation performance is highly variable even among medically developed countries, and it is especially challenged in countries with cultural, legal, ethical or religious, economic, clinical, or organizational practices that limit donation. Recognizing these challenges, the transplantation community has collaborated to identify and promulgate international best practices and to foster innovation in the management of deceased donation. The goal of this effort is to clarify the organizational structures, social change interventions, and medical practices necessary to maximize both living and deceased donation. Although donation practice differs significantly across countries, successful organ donation programmes share certain traits and practices that can be modified to fit varied medical delivery reimbursement and social systems and structures. The world’s best-performing donation programmes have focused on increasing the public’s and healthcare professionals’ trust in the donation process, ensuring equitable access to transplantation, and they have built donation organizations that borrow from the theory and practice of business and healthcare management systems. The critical processes, essential functions, job roles, and foundational principles of successful donation programmes require the use of the tools that have been shown to improve donation and increase transplantation, thereby reducing (or, ideally, ending) deaths on the waiting lists. The wider adoption of these tools by countries with fledgling or struggling organ donation would increase organ availability and its exploitation of the poor who in many countries become organ ‘vendors’ rather than donors.
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36

Gulliford, Martin, and Edmund Jessop, eds. Healthcare Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837206.001.0001.

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Healthcare public health is concerned with the application of population sciences to the design, organization, and delivery of healthcare services, with the ultimate aim of improving population health. This book provides a modern introduction to the methods and subject matter of healthcare public health, bringing together coverage of all the key areas in a single volume. Topics include healthcare needs’ assessment; access to healthcare; knowledge management; ethical issues; involvement of patients and the public; population screening; health promotion and disease prevention; new service models; programme budgeting and preparation of a business case; evaluation and outcomes; patient safety, and implementation and improvement sciences; healthcare in remote and resource-poor regions; and disasters and emergencies. Drawing on international perspectives, this volume will be relevant wherever healthcare is delivered. It will enable students, researchers, academics, practitioners, and policy makers to contribute to the goals of designing and delivering health services that improve population health, reduce inequalities, and meet the needs of individuals and communities.
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37

Seidel, Gabriele, Rüdiger Meierjürgen, Susanne Melin, Jens Krug, and Marie-Luise Dierks, eds. Selbstmanagement bei chronischen Erkrankungen. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845289915.

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Chronically ill people have to find ways of living with their illness and overcoming the multifarious challenges they face in everyday life that suit their individual needs. In the field of medicine, the use of self-management and its corresponding programmes is becoming increasingly important. Indeed, the first approaches to promoting self-management have already been implemented in the German healthcare system. This anthology provides an overview of the current debate on this issue and describes the implementation of the INSEA initiative, which aims to promote self-management and active living among the chronically ill in Germany. The contributions from different European countries that it contains present various national self-management strategies and how they can be applied. By outlining appropriate training programmes in this regard as examples, the book also highlights the range of potential approaches that can be used to promote self-management among the chronically ill.
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38

Wickens, Hayley. Measuring antibiotic consumption and outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0006.

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Understanding how antimicrobial usage is monitored and reported is crucial when reading the literature on antimicrobial stewardship and assessing outcomes of local programmes. This chapter covers the methods used to monitor antimicrobial usage and the associated terminology, such as defined daily dose (DDD), average daily quantities (ADQs), and days of therapy (DOT), and gives and overview of usage monitoring in primary and secondary healthcare in the UK and beyond. This chapter also covers potential roles for electronic prescribing and information management systems in the monitoring of antimicrobial usage, and highlights some issues in the monitoring process and the outcome of antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.
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39

Elliott, Chris, Polly Isaacson, Patricia Shaw, and Elizabeth Murphy. Quality & Performance Improvement in Healthcare A Tool for Programmed Learning. 3rd ed. AHIMA, 2007.

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40

Fancourt, Daisy. Partnerships and funding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0007.

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This chapter will discuss how to develop partnerships between the arts world and the health world, including how artists or arts organizations can pitch intervention ideas to healthcare professionals or organizations, and the different models for those health professionals or organizations to work with artists. It explains how to undertake a tender process, including developing a brief for a project and evaluating submissions. It considers preparation for projects, including drawing up contracts and designing preparation materials, induction days, and training programmes. Finally, the chapter considers 12 different ways of funding arts in health projects, from fundraising activities to grant funding, sponsorship, investment, and commissioning.
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41

A, Dewan Naakesh, ed. Behavioral healthcare informatics. New York: Springer, 2002.

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42

Goldmann, H. H., Robert T. Riley, Sarbori R. Bhattacharya, Nancy M. Lorenzi, and Naakesh A. Dewan. Behavioral Healthcare Informatics. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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43

The Small Business Research Initiative (SBRI) Healthcare programme: An evaluation of programme activities, outcomes and impacts. RAND Corporation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr1828.

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44

Quality And Performance Improvement In Healthcare: A Tool For Programmed Learning. 2nd ed. American Health Information Management Associ, 2003.

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45

1957-, Young John, and Jones Sarah, eds. Animal healthcare training: Case study : Nepal's animal health improvement training programme. London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1994.

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46

Allen, Pauline, Kath Checkland, Valerie Moran, and Stephen Peckham, eds. Commissioning Healthcare in England. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447346111.001.0001.

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This book brings together selected research on commissioning healthcare in the English NHS carried out by national policy research unit in commissioning and the healthcare system (PRUComm) between 2011 and 2018. PRUComm is funded by the English Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme. The bookexplores the changes to commissioning in the English NHS quasi market introduced by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 (HSCA 2012). It focuses on threemain areas: first, the development and operation of the newly formed commissioning bodies named Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) which were supposed to increase clinical engagement; secondly, technical aspects of commissioning being the use of competition and cooperation by CCGs to commission care in the HSCA 2012 regulatory context encouraging competition,and the allocation of financial risk through contracts between commissioners and providers of care (including new forms of contract such as alliances); and thirdly the reorganisation of the commissioning of public health services.The research demonstrates that the HSCA 2012 has had the effect of fragmenting commissioning responsibilities and in the process impaired good governance and strong accountability of commissioners. It shows how the use of market mechanisms has declined despite the pro competition regulatory regime of the HSCA 2012, and that more cooperative processes are used at local level to reconfigure health services. It concludes that strategic planning and monitoring of services will always be essential for the English NHS, whether the term ‘commissioning’ is used to describe these activities or not in the future.
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47

Basu, Sanjay. Modeling Public Health and Healthcare Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.001.0001.

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This book aims to empower readers to learn and apply engineering, operations research, and modeling techniques to improve public health programs and healthcare systems. Readers will engage in in-depth study of disease detection and control strategies from a “systems science” perspective, which involves the use of common engineering, operations research, and mathematical modeling techniques such as optimization, queuing theory, Markov and Kermack-McKendrick models, and microsimulation. Chapters focus on applying these techniques to classical public health dilemmas such as how to optimize screening programs, reduce waiting times for healthcare services, solve resource allocation problems, and compare macroscale disease control strategies that cannot be easily evaluated through standard public health methods such as randomized trials or cohort studies. The book is organized around solving real-world problems, typically derived from actual experiences by staff at nongovernmental organizations, departments of public health, and international health agencies. In addition to teaching the theory behind modeling methods, the book aims to confer practical skills to readers through practice in model implementation using the statistical software R.
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48

Guillén, Ana M., and Emmanuele Pavolini. Spain and Italy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790266.003.0007.

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Welfare states in Spain and Italy are similar in that they combine social insurance pensions with liberal means-tested benefits and tax-financed universal healthcare and education. Both have responded to the crisis with major austerity programmes and, particularly in Spain, some recalibration to meet the needs of unemployed and low-waged people. Childcare provision has expanded in both countries. Anti-immigrant feeling is much stronger in Italy than in Spain. One of the most striking changes is the rapid decline of trust in government and trade unions and the emergence of new anti-globalization and anti-austerity parties. Both countries face real problems in developing strategies that will satisfy their electorates without damaging government finances and their competitive position in globalized markets.
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49

Deaton, Christi, Margaret Cupples, and Kornelia Kotseva. Settings and stakeholders. Edited by Massimo Piepoli. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0786.

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Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death and disability globally, and cardiovascular prevention should take place everywhere. Reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease requires a concerted effort in multiple settings (primary care, acute care, community, and home), and from multiple stakeholders such as government, public health, non-governmental organizations, healthcare, industry, and individuals. Primary care provides the majority of healthcare to populations, and is in an optimal position to screen and assess patients for cardiovascular risk and deliver cardiovascular prevention. Improving screening, risk assessment, and use of evidence-based guidelines requires collaboration between specialist cardiology services and primary care. Nurse-led and multiprofessional teams are effective in delivering prevention across a variety of settings. Prevention should be a priority prior to patient discharge from hospital following an acute cardiovascular event, and should encompass both medications and advice regarding lifestyle behaviours. Secondary prevention through specialized prevention programmes is needed by patients in order to reduce the risk of subsequent events. Cardiac rehabilitation is one of the most effective methods of delivering prevention and improving patient well-being following an acute event or procedure. There is a need to get more patients participating by using alternative methods of delivery and ensuring that women, older patients, and those with low fitness are encouraged and supported to attend. Stakeholders such as government, non-governmental organizations, and industry have important roles to play in improving public health. Healthcare providers should disseminate their research in lay language, and play a role in advising on and supporting public health measures.
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50

Van Buynder, Paul, and Elizabeth Brodkin. Healthcare worker screening for nosocomial pathogens. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0284.

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Health care organizations and their staff have a responsibility to prevent occupationally-acquired infections and avoid transmitting disease to patients. As well as being a known source of nosocomial infections, health care workers (HCWs) are at risk themselves of becoming infected in the workplace. Regulatory authorities in many countries advise or mandate screening for key blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) in settings where transmission between patients and staff is possible. Staff infected with a BBP are restricted from performing certain procedures. In addition to screening for BBP, health care organizations require a tuberculosis infection control programme. Routine screening of health care workers for other organisms such as MRSA is usually not indicated. Health care organizations should have robust policies to immunize health care workers against Hepatitis B and respiratory diseases. Many organizations now make immunization against key respiratory diseases a pre-requisite for employment as a key infection control patient safety strategy.
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