Academic literature on the topic 'Health system users law'
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Journal articles on the topic "Health system users law":
1
Longan, Mitchell. "A System Out of Balance: A Critical Analysis of Philosophical Justifications for Copyright Law Through the Lenz of Users' Rights." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 56.3 (2023): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.56.3.system.
Abstract:
Ultimately, this Article has three goals. The first is to offer an analysis of users’ rights under copyright law from four commonly used theoretical perspectives. These are labor, personality, economic and utilitarian theories. In doing so, this Article will demonstrate that the philosophies that underpin modern copyright law support a broad and liberal set of rights for derivative creativity. It will argue that current treatment of derivative works is unnecessarily conservative from a theoretical perspective. Second, this Article will demonstrate how, in spite of theory that supports a healthy community of derivative creativity, those who practice it have been further disenfranchised by the law. It will argue term limit extensions, increased protectionist treatment of secondary works online, and the functional lack of access to proper licensing mechanisms have rendered users’ rights impotent. Finally, in conclusion, this Article will offer a solution to the apparent imbalance of power in the form of replacing property-based derivative rights with liability rules. The conclusion, in many ways, merits its own paper and is meant as merely a suggestion of direction rather than a formulated solution.
2
khan, Dr Rais Abdul Hamid. "E-Health Care System." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 9, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33118.
Abstract:
Within the Admin module, healthcare facility administrators have robust tools at their disposal to manage users, including doctors, staff, and patients. They can effortlessly organize departments and allocate doctors and staff members accordingly, ensuring a streamlined workflow. Additionally, administrators can efficiently oversee doctor appointments, maintain financial records through transaction reports, and monitor lab reports, guaranteeing the accuracy and timeliness of crucial medical information. The Patient module empowers individuals to actively engage with their healthcare services. Patients can seamlessly access their appointment schedules, check the availability and status of their appointed doctors, and book or modify appointments as needed. Furthermore, they can review their prescription history, ensuring they adhere to their recommended treatments, and manage their personal profiles for comprehensive healthcare management. Key Words: — User management ,Doctor allocation Department ,organization Workflow optimization, Appointment scheduling
3
Putra, Moody Rizqy Syailendra, Pascal Amadeo Yapputro, Maulida Syahrin Najmi, and Eriyan Rahmadani Dianova. "Protection of Personal Data of BPJS Health Users against Data Leakage." International Journal of Law and Politics Studies 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2022): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2022.4.2.11.
Abstract:
The development of information and communication technology (from now on referred to as ICT) represents changes in human society from time to time. Data leakage is one of the challenges in this development. As a pioneer in implementing public service institutions, the government is challenged to tackle data leakage cases. This study aims to determine the legal relationship between BPJS health and users related to data leakage and mechanisms and to compare various personal data protections in countries with Common Law and Civil Law systems. This study uses qualitative data with a normative juridical method or approach. This study concludes that the public can sue BPJS with administrative efforts to the State Administrative Court, the Prosecutor acts on Personal Data Protection, and the results of the comparison of Personal Data Protection in 2 central legal systems.
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Anshari, Muhammad, Mohammad Nabil Almunawar, Mustafa Z. Younis, and Adnan Kisa. "Modeling Users’ Empowerment in E-Health Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 12993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312993.
Abstract:
In conventional e-health initiatives, customers (patients) are mostly perceived as recipients of medical care, where they play little roles in the process of health decision making. Empowerment in e-health enables individuals to access their health data and consult online with medical staff. The proposed concept is intended to improve the existing e-health theory in relation to patient empowerment. The study suggests a model that expands the role of customers (patient) in three dimensions: as an individual health actor, social health agent, and medical partner. This study is theoretically significant because it explores a comprehensive approach of patient empowerment in e-health systems to achieve best practice customer service, establish long-term customer relationships to improve customer satisfaction, and achieve better health literacy of individuals.
5
Osborne, Geraint B., and Curtis Fogel. "Perspectives on Cannabis Legalization Among Canadian Recreational Users." Contemporary Drug Problems 44, no. 1 (October 12, 2016): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450916670393.
Abstract:
This article examines the perspectives of a select group of 41 adult Canadian cannabis users on the decriminalization and legalization of cannabis. The research departs from previous research on cannabis use by focusing on employed adults working in a variety of occupations, including white-collar professionals and graduate students, who use cannabis for nonmedical, recreational purposes. Drawing on in-depth interview data, we explore their perspectives on Canadian law and legal policy and on the possible impact of cannabis reform policies on their own cannabis consumption. Overall, the vast majority of interview participants strongly favored the legalization of cannabis use for the following reasons: (a) prohibition is unjust, (b) economic benefits, (c) reducing violent crime associated with the drug trade, (d) reducing the cost of the criminal justice system, (e) increased safety, and (f) reducing the stigma associated with cannabis use. We conclude by discussing the implications of our research for the literature on cannabis normalization and drug policy reform.
6
Biella, Carla, Viviane Pereira, Fabiana Raynal, Jorge Barreto, Vania Canuto, and Clarice Petramale. "PP155 The Impact Of Lawsuits In The Brazilian Public Health System." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700294x.
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:The increase of litigation in Brazil on the right to health, and the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) targets of litigation, are phenomena that generate discussions both in the judiciary, and among researchers and managers of health. The lawsuits are based on the integrality that includes the right to any health technology. Our aim was to gather information on the use of scientific evidence by judges and other law professionals to support their decisions in lawsuits involving health care in Brazil.METHODS:A narrative review by literature search using key terms of legalization in specific databases was conducted.RESULTS:Twenty-five studies showed litigation matters relating to health care which were focused on legal claims about drugs. In general, law operators used the scientific evidences in a limited way when making decisions, by considering the medical report and medication label indications and disregarding therapeutic alternatives contemplated in the SUS list. The access to health technologies, by litigation, reveals that the gap between scientific knowledge and legal practice are similar to those found between science and decision-making in the formulation and implementation of health policies. The Health Technology Assessment studies have high potential for use by the judiciary as a reference source to support technical and scientific decisions in lawsuits on health care.CONCLUSIONS:For the judiciary to ensure not only access to health technologies, but also the efficacy and safety of technologies to system users, their decisions must be substantiated by scientific evidence. The National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) in SUS has established actions in conjunction with law operators and society, such as a communication using e-mail, aiding the decision for the injunction and elaboration of technical reports and a policy brief, with the intention that the decisions are taken with the greatest possible knowledge about technologies provided by SUS, and based on scientific evidence.
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Kirill, Evsikov. "Legal protection of human life and health in the process of using artificial intelligence." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 4 (2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520020506-7.
Abstract:
The Russian Federation, within the framework of the experimental legal regime, has begun testing automated vehicles controlled by artificial intelligence systems in real conditions. Self-driving cars have become full-fledged road users in Moscow. In special legal regimes created for the operation of artificial intelligence systems, some federal laws and by-laws do not apply, which reduces the legal guarantees of human rights. The article considers the situation when this poses a threat to the right to life and human health. During operation of a source of increased danger, the developer and the user are based on the likelihood of harm to the third parties. Similar situations will occur with automated vehicles. This means that an unmanned vehicle will have to make decisions on whom to hit. The ethical and legal dilemma when artificial intelligence chooses a person, whom it will harm, is not resolved in the domestic law. There is no doubt that such issues should be reflected in the machine code of any information system. To do this, the actions of the creator of artificial intelligence systems should be regulated by law. The author proposes a classification of artificial intelligence systems, which will create three models of legal regulation: systems regulated by “soft” law, systems regulated by machine-readable law, systems on the use of which a temporary moratorium has been introduced. The implementation of these proposals will contribute to the protection of human life and health in the process of using artificial intelligence without a negative effect on the development of digital technology.
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Dong, Tao. "Design Consideration of a Health-Information-Technology-Supported Intelligent Urinalysis System." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1077.
Abstract:
Urinalysis is not only widely employed in medical diagnosis but also suitable for household daily monitoring of personal health conditions. However, current urinalysis methods and instruments require more professional knowledge, while the sampling and treatment of urine samples are manual and inconvenient. In this work, a new-concept automatic urinalysis system is proposed to provide personal urinalysis services for home users. The system forms an eco-friendly intelligent toilet, which is of great significances in the future healthcare network. The basic strategy is to design a fixed supporting platform and various disposable urinalysis lab-on-chips with great expansibility and high flexibility. The intelligent device has multiple functions of automatic urine sampling, rapid on-chip detecting, auto-decontaminating and personalized health information technology (HIT) supporting, thus to provide a low-cost solution of automatic urinalysis services for both inpatients in hospitals and home-users. The structure of the urinalysis system logically resembles the frame with fixed smart cellphones and various mobile application programs. Besides, a biological lighting module is also designed to harvest the energy in wasted urine by continuous culturing vibrio fischeri, a luminescent bacterium. The integrated urinalysis system could create the possibility of remote medical services for home users, and meanwhile generates a new branch in the field of microsystem, which is entitled as ‘HIT-oriented lab-on-chips’.
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Barberi, Daniela, and Faye S. Taxman. "Diversion and Alternatives to Arrest: A Qualitative Understanding of Police and Substance Users’ Perspective." Journal of Drug Issues 49, no. 4 (July 13, 2019): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042619861273.
Abstract:
Diversion to treatment is not a new concept in the criminal justice system. Successful strategies require the participation of both law enforcement officers and individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD). This study relies on interviews and focus groups to explore the perceptions and attitudes of these two different populations about non-arrest programs. From the police perspective, the study found that the biggest barrier to using alternatives is the police culture, while championship by leadership and collaborations with community stakeholders facilitate opportunities for using non-arrest options. Clients with SUDs had positive attitudes about non-arrest programs, but negative perspectives about the justice system and the police overall. Policy implications for future efforts are highlighted, particularly as efforts increase to expand the use of non-arrest options including diversion programs.
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Nourbakhshrezaei, Amirhossein, Mojgan Jadidi, and Gunho Sohn. "Improving Cyclists’ Safety Using Intelligent Situational Awareness System." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 4, 2023): 2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042866.
Abstract:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1.35 million people died in road traffic-related accidents worldwide in 2020 of which 41,000 are related to the cyclists. Bike safety is one of the most serious issues facing urban riders. According to Statistics Canada, this number represents 1654 cyclist deaths in Canada, an average of 74 deaths each year from 2006 to 2017. Cyclists are a critical component in traffic collisions, where they face a greater risk of serious injury or death. As a result, they are classified as vulnerable road users. To avoid this, the need for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) that increase susceptible cyclists’ awareness of their surroundings is becoming apparent. As a result, we proposed a situational awareness system as part of ITS to enhance bike safety through the employment of three layers of applications: (1) the users tier (mobile application), (2) the virtual private server (VPS) and processing system, and (3) the database management system (DMS). These decision support systems (DSSs) improve vulnerable road users’ situational awareness by identifying high-risk regions for cyclists or motorcyclists using static and dynamic data and then notifying vulnerable road users. The suggested situational awareness system collects and integrates incoming data, prioritizes criteria, and notifies users based on a static hot-spot map produced from accident locations and dynamic data, such as traffic flow, weather conditions, and the user’s speed. The developed work made use of both single threading (for requests from less than 1000 users) and multi-threading (for requests from more than 1000 users), resulting in a highly scalable system based on an open source platform for higher numbers of requests.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health system users law":
1
Milioni, Konstantina. "Hospital Information Systems In Greece : Users' Perspectives." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54560.
Abstract:
Hospital Information Systems (HIS) are considering a significant aspect for supporting health care professionals in their work. However, a large number of them are often poor to provide the needed information for accomplishing various work activities in the oriented environment. The aim of this research is to address users’-Administrators and Clinicians- perceptions in order to gain a deeper knowledge about problems they encounter with daily work performed through IS. Additionally, the scope is extended into formulating suggestions through the employment of Soft System Methodology (SSM) that could bring improvements. A qualitative interpretive method with an inductive analysis was followed. Data collection completed through focus group interview sessions and the adoption of SSM three activities in order to acquire the complexity of the problem situation. Research findings revealed that despite IS Lisora serves as a tool for supporting users work operations, it causes significant problems in their daily operations since the information flow are not feasible. Thus, the research study suggests five feasible and desirable improvements that could improve the overall processes followed by the hospital’s users and bring improvements. In all, SSM was proved to be very efficient in identifying problems that exist. In this way proposed solutions to the problems were enlightened. The general hospital of Preveza shall benefit from the higher efficiency offered by the system, which in turn shall improve the quality of health-care services offered.
2
Silva, João José Francisco da. "Obama's law : analysis of a breakthrough law on healthcare access and lessons for the Portuguese health system management." Master's thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9667.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT - The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act shook the foundations of the US health system, offering all Americans access to health care by changing the way the health insurance industry works. As President Obama signed the Act on 23 March 2010, he said that it stood for “the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care”. Unlike the U.S., the Article 64 of the Portuguese Constitution provides, since 1976, the right to universal access to health care. However, facing a severe economic crisis, Portugal has, under the supervision of the Troika, a tight schedule to implement measures to improve the efficiency of the National Health Service. Both countries are therefore despite their different situation, in a conjuncture of reform and the use of new health management measures.
The present work, using a qualitative research methodology examines the Affordable Care Act in order to describe its principles and enforcement mechanisms. In order to describe the reality in Portugal, the Portuguese health system and the measures imposed by Troika are also analyzed.
The intention of this entire analysis is not only to disclose the innovative U.S. law, but to find some innovative measures that could serve health management in Portugal. Essentially we identified the Exchanges and Wellness Programs, described throughout this work, leaving also the idea of the possibility of using them in the Portuguese national health system.RESUMO - O Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act abalou recentemente as bases do sistema de saúde dos EUA, possibilitando a todos os cidadãos Americanos o acesso aos cuidados de saúde, alterando os mecanismos em que a indústria de seguros de saúde funcionava naquele país. Ao assinar a citada lei a 23 de Março de 2010, o Presidente Obama afirmou que defendia "o princípio fundamental de que todos devem ter alguma segurança básica quando se trata dos seus cuidados de saúde". Ao contrário dos EUA, o artigo 64 º da Constituição da República Portuguesa prevê desde 1976 o direito de acesso universal aos cuidados de saúde. No entanto, enfrentando uma forte crise económica, Portugal tem, sob a vigilância da Troika, um calendário apertado para implementar medidas que permitam melhorar a eficiência do Serviço Nacional de Saúde. Ambos os países se encontram, pois, apesar das situações serem diferentes, numa conjuntura de reforma e de utilização de novas medidas de gestão em saúde. O presente trabalho, utilizando uma metodologia (qualitativa) de pesquisa documental, analisa essencialmente o Affordable Care Act de forma a descrever os seus princípios e mecanismos de aplicação. O sistema de saúde português e as medidas a cumprir na área da saúde, ao abrigo do Memorandum da Troika são também analisadas no sentido de descrever a realidade portuguesa. O conjunto desta análise tem como finalidade, não só dar a conhecer a inovadora lei norte-americana, mas, sobretudo tentar encontrar algumas medidas inovadoras que pudessem servir a gestão da saúde em Portugal. Identificámos essencialmente as Exchanges e os Wellness Programs, as quais descrevemos no âmbito do trabalho, deixando a ideia de uma possível utilização das mesmas no sistema de saúde nacional.
3
Muller, Sabine. "A simple ergonomic intervention for neck and upper back musculoskeletal pain in computer users." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96938.
Abstract:
Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The use of computers at school, university, work and for social media is growing and whilst neck pain is common in the general population, computer users have an even higher prevalence. Incorrect workstation ergonomics have been identified as a risk factor for the development of neck pain in computer workers. Aims: To assess the effect of adjusting chair and monitor height of a female office worker’s computer workstation on work related neck and upper back pain intensity, comfort of her sitting posture and disability. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the A-B-C design consisting of a computer workstation adjustment involving chair and monitor height of a female office worker. The effect of the intervention was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure neck and upper back pain intensity and comfort of sitting position, and the Neck Disability Index to measure disability. The effect of the intervention was assessed over the three phases, consisting of four weeks each. During these phases, the participant could continue with her usual computer work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: A reduction in neck and upper back pain intensity as well as an increase in sitting comfort position were found. However these improvements were not statistically or clinically significant. The effect size for pain intensity was 0.76 and for sitting comfort 0.21. The participant reported no disability as measured by the Neck Disability Index, at the start and at the end at the end of the study. Conclusion: The vertical adjustment of this female office worker’s chair and monitor height according to her anthropometrics improved neck and upper back pain intensity and comfort of sitting position. This ergonomic workstation intervention could form part of a practical management option for computer users with neck and upper back pain. Further research is recommended to establish whether these findings are generalizable to the wider community of computer users.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Probleemstelling: Die gebruik van rekenaars by skole, universiteite, werksplekke en vir sosiale doeleindes neem toe. Nek pyn kom dikwels in die algemene bevolking voor, maar dit is meer prevalent in rekenaargebruikers. ‘n Werkstasie wat nie ergonomies korrek opgestel is nie, is geidentifiseer as ‘n risikofaktor vir die ontwikkeling van nekpyn in rekenaar werkers. Doelwitte: Om te bepaal of aanpassings in die stoel- en beeldskerm hoogte van ‘n vroulike kantoor werker se rekenaar werkstasie, ‘n effek het op werksverwante nek en boonste rug pyn, sitgemak en funksionele vermoë. Methode: Die N=1 studie met ‘n A-B-C ontwerp is onderneem en het bestaan uit n rekenaar werkstasie aanpassing waarby die hoogte van die stoel en beeldskerm van ‘n vroulike relenaargebruiker aangepas is. Die effek van die intervensie is ge-evalueer deur middle van die visueel analoogskaal (VAS) om pyn en sitgemak te bepaal; en die Nek Ongeskiktheids Indeks (NOI) om gestremtheid te bepaal. Die effek van die intervensie is oor drie fases, wat elk bestaan het uit vier weke, evalueer. Gedurende die fases, kon die deelnemer met haar gewone rekenaarwerk voortgaan. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Resultate: Daar was ‘n vemindering in die intensiteit van nekpyn, boonste rug pyn en die sitgemak van die individu het ook verbeter. Hierdie verbeteringe was egter nie statisties of klinies betekenisvol nie. Die effek grootte vir pyn intensiteit was 0.76 en vir sitgemak was 0.21. Die deelnemer het geen gestremdheid gerapporteer, soos gemeet met die NOI met aanvangs van die studie of teen die einde van die studie nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van hierdie vroulike rekenaar werker volgens haar antropometrie het bygedra tot ‘n verbetering in nek en boonste rug pyn, asook sitgemak. Hierdie ergonomiese werkstasie intervensie kan deel vorm van die praktiese hantering van nek en boonste rug pyn in rekenaargebruikers. Verdere navorsing wod aanbeveel om te bepaal of hierdie bevindinge veralgemeenbaar is na die wyer gemeenskap van rekenaarverbruikers.
4
Lakpini, Clarence Sokolambe. "An examination of South Africa’s efforts at patent system reform: trips flexibilities fully appropriated for public health needs?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31712.
Abstract:
The question that underlies this research is whether and to what extent does South Africa’s
moves to amend its Patent Act, as outlined in the country’s new Intellectual Property (IP)
Policy take advantage of the flexibilities made available through the Agreement on Trade-
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS)? Patents law and access to medicines are two areas which are not new to South African IP law. Since the late 1990s when the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was at its peak, there has been a tensed relationship between IP, through patents, and access to medicines. While proponents for pharmaceutical patents have argued that patents are a necessary stimulant for innovation and development of new medicines, those against pharmaceutical patents have vigorously laid blame on the patent system for birthing monopolies which have led to unaffordable prices for many life-saving drugs. This dissertation examines the patent framework of South Africa and juxtaposes it with the TRIPS Agreement to determine if there is a gap with the regards to the flexibilities available under each, and if so, how much of a gap exists between them. Also, the recommendations made in the IP Policy which was released by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in 2018, are evaluated to ascertain how aligned to the TRIPS flexibilities they will be if they are turned into law by the lawmaker. The Indian patent system is also looked at to see how it went about patent reform and what South Africa can learn from it. Finally, conclusions are drawn and recommendations made, regarding model language which reflects the recommendations in the Policy that the lawmaker may refer to in the amendment process.
Patent reform is a difficult task, and with lives hanging in the balance, a crucial one. The process in South Africa has lingered for many years without resolution. This dissertation highlights the need for urgency in the process with the hope that these changes catalyse into a more equitable patent system where the IP scale provides a more balanced eco-system in which both pharmaceutical patent owners and the general public who rely on their medicines can thrive. Although, a daunting task, a bold and proactive approach must be taken to ensure that the balance is reached timeously and efficiently.
5
Cumley, Samantha Renee. "Drug use, mental health and encounters with the legal system in Missoula County." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05112007-130625/.
6
Salomonsson, Mutesi Janette. "End-user challenges after the implementation of a new health information system : A case study in one municipality in a region in the south of Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89046.
Abstract:
Swedish municipalities invest enormous amounts of resources in health information systems (HIS) in order to have a competitive edge, reduce cost in operations, faster storage and retrieval of patient information, foster transparency, efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery. This study examines the major challenges faced by the system end-users after the implementation of the new health information systems in the elderly and care homes in a municipality in a southern region of Sweden. The rationale for the examination is derived from the discovery that the municipality is yet to fully utilize the new-HIS, despite huge investments in procurement, supervision and training of users. The major reason why this topic was chosen was due to the challenges encountered while working as a care giver staff in one municipality in a southern region of Sweden. In this study, The technology acceptance model (TAM ) is used to better understand the current working of the new-HIS. Mixed methods are utilized to conduct the case study; semi structured interviews and questionnaire survey. The findings of this study are presented in the findings chapter and have shown many shortcomings in the use of the new-HIS such as limited supervision from top management, inadequate skills, inadequate computers, long procedures thus time wasting, insufficient resources like financing and policies among others as further discussed in the research findings chapter in this report. Finally, this study proposes the findings as contributions to the study of challenges faced by end-users after the introduction and reception of the new-HIS by the given case study; and it propagates share of experiences and lessons to be learned.
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Pancerytė, Marija. "Sveikatos teisinė reforma Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090122_101852-64474.
Abstract:
Šio darbo objektas yra sveikatos sistemos teisinė reforma. Rašant šį darbą, pasitelkus teisės teoriją, bandoma atsakyti į klausimą ar sveikatos sistema gali būti laikoma sveikatos teisės dalyku. Toliau keliama hipotezė, jog sveikatos sistemą Lietuvoje, kaip teisinių santykių visumą būtina aiškiai teisiškai reglamentuoti. Siekiant įrodyti šią hipotezę nagrinėjama sveikatos sistemos samprata, jos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas kaip teisinių santykių visuma. Toliau pateikiama sveikatos sistemos teisinio reglamentavimo teisės sistemoje problematika. Darbe apžvelgiami pagrindiniai sveikatos sistemą reglamentuojantys teisės aktai. Juose siekiama išskirti tas teisės normas, kurios apibrėžia svarbiausias sveikatos reformos dalis. Kaip ir kiekvienoje reformoje bandoma atsakyti į aktualius klausimus: ką mes padarėme, kur mes dabar esame, ko siekiame ir kaip mes tai pasieksime. Apžvelgus reformos etapus, išanalizavus pagrindinius sveikatos sistemos teisės aktus, nustatomos problemos. Išskiriamos ir apibendrinamos pagrindinės sveikatos teisinės reformos Lietuvoje dalys: padėties analizė, pagrindiniai tikslai ir prioritetai bei priemonės. Šių magistro tezių apimtis yra 63 lapai.The object of the thesis is legal reform of the Lithuanian health system. This study targets the question whether the health system can be considered as a health law based on the law theory. Hypothesis of this study is that health system, as the whole complex of legal relationships, must be clearly legally regulated. In order to support the hypothesis the health system together with its development and implementation is analyzed as a whole of legal relationships. The topic of the health system legal regulation in the context of the law system is presented. The overview of the key legal regulations in the health system is given. The emphasis is made on those regulations that describe main parts of the health system reform. As usual in a reform it is sought to answer the following questions: what have we done, where we are at the moment, what do we want and how are we going to achieve this. The problems of the health system are uncovered as a result of reform stages overview and key health system laws analysis. Main parts of the health system legal reform in Lithuania (current state analysis, objectives, priorities and tools) are distinguished and summarized. Master thesis consist of 63 pages.
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Moranelli, Ryan A. "An Investigation Into the Collaboration of Mental Health and Social Worker Services with the Criminal Justice System." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors162065733632442.
9
Close, Eliana. "Navigating conflicts about life-sustaining treatment in a health system with limited resources: Reconciling law, policy and practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/200067/1/Eliana_Close_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis is the first study of how Australian laws and policies address tensions between patient and societal interests in decisions to forgo life-sustaining treatment for critically ill adults. Using a combination of qualitative interviews, legal doctrinal research, and qualitative content analysis, the thesis evaluates these regulatory instruments against doctors' perceptions of practice. The thesis argues that existing laws and policies need reform to support more transparent decisions that recognise resource constraints can be relevant to end-of-life decisions. In particular, laws and policies should support doctors to distinguish between patient interests and distributive justice as two separate rationales for non-treatment.
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Le, Minh Thi. "Implementation of the law on domestic violence prevention and control within the health system: A case study in Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201745/1/Minh%20Thi_Le_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This study charts the evolution of the Domestic Violence Prevention and Control Law in Vietnam over 15 years. In-depth qualitative methods were used to critically analyse the policy process from agenda-setting, framing, and formal ratification, through to implementation in two provinces. There are major gaps between international and local policies, and between law development and effective, accessible services. Currently, many victims of violence remain under-served. There is a pressing need for changes to the content of the law, and more practical action in health, justice and social services in Vietnam to improve support for survivors of domestic violence.
Books on the topic "Health system users law":
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Flood, Colleen M. Health system law and policy. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1999.
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Flood, Colleen M. Health system law and policy. 2nd ed. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2001.
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Flood, Colleen M. Health system law and policy. 2nd ed. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2000.
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Flood, Colleen M. Health system law and policy. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2006.
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Flood, Colleen M. Health system law and policy. 2nd ed. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2004.
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Saba, Virginia K. Clinical care classification (CCC) system, version 2.5: Users guide. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2012.
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Council, Michigan Legislative, ed. Questor: Michigan compiled laws computerized search system : users manual. [Lansing]: Michigan Legislative Council, 1985.
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Office, General Accounting. Aviation safety: Users differ in views of collision avoidance system and cite problems : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1992.
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Rosenblatt, Rand E. Law and the American health care system. Westbury, N.Y: Foundation Press, 1997.
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Alberta. Alberta Health. Standards & Measures. Achieving accountability in Alberta's health system. Edmonton: Standards & Measures, Alberta Health, 1998.
Book chapters on the topic "Health system users law":
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Chen, Bo. "Shared Power and Silenced Service Users." In Mental Health Law in China, 123–50. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212034-6.
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Arias, Diego E., Esteban J. Pino, Pablo Aqueveque, and Dorothy W. Curtis. "Wireless Monitoring System for Wheelchair Users with Severe Mobility Impairment." In Mobile Health, 195–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12817-7_9.
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Rucell, Jessica. "Health system accountability in South Africa." In Childbirth, Vulnerability and Law, 111–31. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429443718-7.
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Streff, Matthew A. "U.S. Immigration Law: Legal Pathways for Physician Immigration." In The American Health Care System, 33–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67594-7_6.
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De Sousa, Dariel. "Regulating Climate Change Risks to the UK Health System." In Law, Policy and Climate Change, 195–211. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003253464-9.
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Babar, Arslan, and Alberto J. Montero. "Building Quality from the Ground Up in a Cancer Center." In The Comprehensive Cancer Center, 135–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82052-7_14.
Abstract:
AbstractThe Institute of Medicine defines quality in healthcare as the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge. This concept is highly relevant for cancer care that involves patients with complex diseases in the setting of rapidly evolving treatment landscape that requires provision of appropriate services in a patient-centric and technically competent manner. This chapter uses the Donabedian model to review the structural, process, and outcome-based quality domains that lay the foundation for a robust system to measure, monitor, and improve quality of care at cancer centers. The infrastructure and personnel, systems, and culture needed for ensuring provision of high-quality cancer care are reviewed.
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Kim, Nayung. "Public health under the GATT/WTO system I." In Medical Trade, Public Health, and the Law, 18–54. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003350118-3.
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Kim, Nayung. "Public health under the GATT/WTO system II." In Medical Trade, Public Health, and the Law, 55–88. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003350118-4.
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Ip, Eric C. "Sources of Legal Authority in the Public Health System." In The Law and Regulation of Public Health, 46–74. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044741-3.
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Hardy, Pip, and Tony Sumner. "Digital Storytelling with Users and Survivors of the UK Mental Health System." In Digital Storytelling, 57–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59152-4_7.
Conference papers on the topic "Health system users law":
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Frederiksen, Nicklas, Erik L. Møller, Jarl Tuxen, Sarah E. O’Neill, and Morten Boesen. "Rapid Scaling of a Danish Public Health System Under COVID-19." In 36th Bled eConference – Digital Economy and Society: The Balancing Act for Digital Innovation in Times of Instability. University of Maribor Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.6.2023.46.
Abstract:
In recent years cloud infrastructure services have acted as engines for scaling applications when user demand spikes. A discipline typically recognized as complex, expensive, error-prone, and time-consuming. In the field of healthcare services, data is considered sensitive under the European Union’s data protection law and are therefore under strict jurisdiction disallowing the Danish public services to utilize cloud scalability. During the COVID-19 lockdown a small group of expert practitioners was tasked with scaling public health services to accommodate an exponential number of excess users who needed to access test results and immunity passports. An effort further restrained by a severely limited timeframe of two weeks. By utilizing the critical incident technique this paper is an effort empirically to capture the most significant decisions in the scaling process including organizational aspects, virtualization, content delivery network, lazy-loading, and firewall interface configuration.
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HARIDAS, ASWIN, PAUL D. OKULOV, STEFAN NEUMANN, and HOLGER SPECKMANN. "AN AUTONOMOUS EARLY WARNING SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR REAL-TIME REMOTE MONITORING OF CRITICAL STRUCTURES." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36921.
Abstract:
Over the years, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and related concepts that focus on monitoring & managing the health of critical structures have gained vast popularity, especially considering the rapid growth and implementation of industry 4.0 approaches in the industrial manufacturing, production and operational environments. However, the implementation of SHM, which is clearly defined by the industry pain-points, have not risen on-par with the expectations of the end users. We believe that this gap could be associated with the following key points, a. the challenges in collecting, handling and analyzing the data collected from the sensors used for monitoring the health of these structures; b. the lack of SHM implementation concepts that establish an added value in rapid decision making and c. the lack of clear V&V approaches that establishes the technological maturity. Although the currently available state-of-the-art sensors are capable of collecting and communicating the sensor data, the complexity in data handling on the edge in combination with selection of the appropriate communication protocol hinders its value for industrial implementation. In addition, in a lot of cases, we observe that the available solutions for remote sensor connectivity do not correspond to the power and connectivity requirements of the end-user. This establishes the need for revisiting the implementation concept of SHM in the upcoming digital future. In this paper, we propose an autonomous early warning system based on smart sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time remote monitoring of critical structures. We address the challenges associated with collecting, handling, and analyzing data from sensors used for structural health monitoring (SHM) and highlight the need for a digital, real-time, and reliable sensor solution. Our approach uses novel intelligent sensors, developed and provided by IPR as part of our joint collaborative effort, with edge-computing and an efficient and low data rate (due to data pre-processing and compression into meaningful “digests") wireless communication infrastructure for data collection and new methodologies for data integration & data analysis. We elaborate on the relevant pain-points faced by end-users across several industries, including infrastructure, aerospace, railway, and marine. We describe our autonomous early warning system concept, focusing on its technical capabilities and how it compares with the needs and requirements of end-users. We also discuss our V&V approach, which focuses on the added value of cross-industry innovation and aims to generate innovative solutions and new business cases for SHM across industries. Overall, we believe that our pain-point first approach and our proposed concept can generate vast amounts of experiences and data necessary to establish SHM as a fundamental and necessary concept for estimating the structural integrity of criticsl sltructures. By leveraging smart sensors and the IoT, we can provide real-time monitoring and early warning systems that can help prevent catastrophic failures and improve the overall safety and reliability of critical infrastructure.
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Algayar, Sarmad monadel sabree, and Mohammed safaa mohamed Shubber. "A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH FOR DETERMINING THE MEDICAL USER'S INTEREST AND INTERACT WITH E-LEARNING IN THE MEDICAL SOCIAL MEDIA SYSTEM TARGETED FOR THE IRAQI ENVIRONMENT." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-061.
Abstract:
The use of cutting-edge technologies such as the smartphones, smart bracelets, cloud computing, internet of things (IoT), e-Learning, and m-Health, as well as mobile applications has begun to increase in healthcare sectors, due to factors such as low cost, ease of use, mobility, multiple uses, and being reliable. This encouraged the international institutions, particularly health institutions, to increase their investment in healthcare technologies. We aim to develop a new specialized platform, an easy-to-use learning management system called Medical social media system, in order to improve the healthcare services in the Iraqi environment. It would be a social media system which can be used by users from their personal computer or Android devices in order to provide knowledge regarding users such as patients, medical students, new doctors and medical experts in the Iraqi health sector, where infrastructure needs to significantly develop, and medical information needs to be shared among medical workers as well as people in general. In this paper, we present a quantitative research by data collected from survey questionnaires, which are related to e-Learning and Medical social media system, in order to identify the main factors that influence the interest and the interaction of the medical specialists, new doctors, laboratory analysts, pharmacist, students of medical and biologic groups and patients interested in the health e-Learning and the cutting-edge health technologies through interactive Medical social media systems. Their interest and recommendations are taken into account while building an interactive specialized platform for medical social media system in the Iraqi environment.
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Minsky, N. H., and D. Rozenshtein. "System = program + users + law." In the first international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/41735.41755.
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Silva, Danyllo V. da, Taisa G. Gonçalves, and Paulo F. Pires. "Using IoT technologies to develop a low-cost smart medicine box." In XXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2019.8145.
Abstract:
Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that has provided improvements for the day-to-day of society. This paradigm has been applied in several domains such as ambient assisted living (AAL), energy, transportation, environmental, urban monitoring, and healthcare. In the healthcare domain, IoT offers many advantages, such as enable continuous health monitoring, improve quality life and comfort, among others. A kind of IoT application in this domain is smart medicine box, a device that provides medicines treatment monitoring of users. It allows health professionals to verify users’ treatment compliance and supports decision-making. Most of the smart medicine box projects found in the literature are still expensive and do not address some characteristics of IoT systems such as scalability, latency, time to response, among others. Taking into account this scenario, this work proposes a low-cost IoT system prototype to support users during their medicines manipulation. The proposal employs edge-computing concept to add intermediate layer improving the communication among devices and services.
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Tone, Yoichi, and Kunihiko Mouri. "A Concept of Energy Network Combined With Distributed Power Generation and Internet Systems." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26130.
Abstract:
For the near future business application, the new idea of the distributed energy network system is proposed to secure lower cost and highly reliable power and heat supply system for the limited local area such as high energy density urban area. In Japan, tariff of the electric power is same for urban consumers and rural consumers under the present power law. However the wave of the power deregulation may affect to small business users and home users and the free-market of power purchase may emerge in public domain. Towards the realization of the future active power market, the new idea is created to promote the intelligent distributed power generation systems and heat utilization systems using the Internet application and local energy network construction. This system has been discussed in the consortium, consisting of Nagoya University, Gas Company, Power utility, Trade Company, IT Company etc since May 2000. The idea of the proposed eL-power network system is to supply necessary power and heat to the only customers in the high energy density area like near the railway station using energy management by mean of the Internet technologies.
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Longo, Gabrielle, Frida de Luna, and Mahnoor Ahmad. "Health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22.
Abstract:
Cannabis users are increasingly turning towards the Internet for information about cannabis, especially medicinal patients, who generally have low to moderate knowledge of important aspects of cannabis like medicinal effectiveness. Potential for misuse of cannabis is much higher when there is a lack of accurate information (Kruger et al., 2020). Overuse of cannabis can be associated with discontinued enrollment in school, trouble dealing with anxiety and stress, and an increased risk of schizotypy (Blavos et al., 2017). Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy has been shown to have negative effects on the fetal immune system (Dong et al., 2019), is associated with low birth weight, stunted development (Gusstafson & Jacobsson, 2019), and cognitive impairment (Grant et al., 2018). Cannabis dispensary employees have been found to make health suggestions without proper qualifications (Dickson 2018), and advertising on dispensary websites often suggests strains for specific medical conditions, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting these claims (Kruger et al., 2020; Luc 2020). This increasing medicalization of cannabis by those unqualified to do so is concerning in such a fast-growing field. The present study assesses the presence of health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites, specifically (a) the presence of facts or warnings about potential psychological consequences (e.g., paranoia, increased vulnerability to psychosis), (b) facts or warnings about use in pregnant women, and (c) general dosage warnings. Dispensaries were selected at random in all states that have legal cannabis. 15 dispensaries were selected from each state. If the state had less than 15, all dispensaries in the state were included in coding, for a total of 389 dispensary websites. Dispensaries were identified via informal cannabis websites like leafly.com and potguides.com, as the purpose of the study was to identify dispensary websites that the average person would find when searching the Internet. Previous studies have utilized state agency lists and informal lists (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2019). Three trained research assistants coded each website for the relevant information. 30% of websites coded had psychological consequence warnings (n = 111), 21.53% had gynecological health warnings, and 45.65% had general use warnings. Three separate logistic regression analyses were performed with the three types of health warnings as the binary outcome variable (the information is either present = 1, or not present = 0) and legality status as the predictor. Legality status had no impact on the presence of psychological consequence information (OR = .737, SE = .174, p = .196) or general dosage information (OR = .786, SE = .479, p = .279), but legality did have a significant influence on the presence of gynecological consequences (OR = .499, SE = .129, p = .007), indicating that when cannabis was recreationally legal, the state was less likely to have information about gynecological health consequences on their dispensary websites. This is troubling, because cannabis is much more easily accessible in states with recreational legalization than medicinal, and the consequences of cannabis use during pregnancy can be severe.
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Susanti, Anastasia Tri Yuli. "Literature Review: Legal Aspect of Consumer Protection for Cosmetic Users." In International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.110.
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Shui, Huanyi, Xiaoning Jin, and Jun Ni. "Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing System Modeling and Analysis by Stream of Variation Theory." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8722.
Abstract:
A multistage system that consists of multiple stages for sequential operations to finish products is widely employed in modern manufacturing systems. Due to the characteristics of multistage systems, the product quality not only depends on operations in current stage but is also affected by operations in upstream stages. Most existing studies use Stream of Variation models to analyze error propagation and interactions among multiple stages in discrete manufacturing systems such as machining shops and assembly systems. In this paper, a multistage model based on the “Stream of Variation” concept is developed to investigate the tension propagation in a flexible material roll-to-roll manufacturing system. This modeling method uses a physical model coupled with a data-driven model to correlate the roller operation performance and product quality characteristics. Torque equilibrium analysis and Hooke’s law are employed for physical model and the censored regression model is used to explore unknown structures/parameters. A web unwinding process demonstrates the feasibility and prediction performance of the proposed model. The result shows that the proposed multistage model can serve as a virtual metrology method to increase system visibility, enhance health management capability and eventually improve product quality.
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Petrov, Andrei Yu, Abdolreza Zaltash, Solomon D. Labinov, D. Tom Rizy, Xiaohong Liao, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Evaluation of Different Efficiency Concepts of an Integrated Energy System (IES)." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60285.
Abstract:
The Integrated Energy System (IES) market in the United States (US) and worldwide has been increasingly expanding over the last few years. But there is still a lot of disagreement in interpretation of one of the most important IES performance parameters — efficiency. Some organizations, for example, use higher heating value (HHV) of fuel in efficiency calculations while some use lower heating value (LHV). Some accounts for auxiliary and parasitic losses while others do not. Some adhere to the “first-law” of efficiency while some use other methods, i.e., calculations recommended by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or the US Combined Heat & Power Association. Different efficiency concepts based on actual performance testing from the IES Laboratory at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are evaluated in this paper. The equipment studied included: a 30-kW microturbine, an air-to-water heat recovery unit (HRU), a 10-ton (35 kW) hot water-fired (indirect-fired) single-effect absorption chiller, and a direct-fired desiccant dehumidification unit. Efficiencies of different configurations of the above-mentioned equipment based on various approaches are compared. In addition, IES efficiency gains due to the replacement of a 1st generation HRU (effectiveness of approximately 75%) with a 2nd generation HRU (effectiveness of approximately 92%) for the same IES arrangement are discussed. The results showed that the difference in HHV- and LHV-based efficiencies for different IES arrangements could reach 5–8%, and that the difference in efficiency values calculated with different methods for the same arrangement could reach 27%. Therefore, it is very important to develop standard guidelines for efficiency calculations that would be acceptable and used by the majority of IES manufacturers and end-users. At the very least, every manufacturer or user should clearly indicate the basis for their efficiency calculations.
Reports on the topic "Health system users law":
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Shi, Leiyu, Diana M. Pinto, and Frederico C. Guanais. Measurement of Primary Care: Report on the Johns Hopkins Primary Care Assessment Tool. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009098.
Abstract:
Renewed interest in the Primary Health Care-PHC agenda is a common element of the majority of recent health system reforms throughout Latin America and the Caribbean-LAC. Strengthening of PHC has been recognized as a promising solution to address the major challenges the Region's health systems face. As governments are making substantive long term investments in PHC oriented healthcare reforms, there is a requirement for accountability and increased transparency and reporting on the results of these initiatives. As a consequence, implementation of PHC strategies needs to be accompanied with mechanisms to collect data that will allow assessment of the extent to which primary care processes are being implemented and on their impact of quality, efficiency, cost, equity and consumer satisfaction. The Johns Hopkins Primary Care Assessment Tool or PCAT is amongst the instruments currently available to assess performance of PHC in several dimensions and from the perspective of users, practitioners, and systems. The purpose of this technical document is to provide a description of this instrument including its composition, measurement, functions, uses, and requirements to deploy the tool in practical applications and to discuss the challenges and opportunities to use the tool in the context of the LAC Region.
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Liera, Carla, Mónica García, Kim Andersson, and Elisabeth Kvarnström. Combining sewered and non-sewered sanitation in Montero, Bolivia: scaling up sustainably. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.007.
Abstract:
The city of Montero, through the cooperative utility COSMOL, has successfully implemented on-site sanitation services for part of its population, in parallel to sewer-based services. However, additional solutions, capacity development and strengthening of governance systems are needed to allow for increased sustainability, for both the sewered and non-sewered sanitation services in the city. Technical improvements are still needed in wastewater and excreta management and treatment, to reduce health and environmental impacts. However, optimizing the existing sanitation systems could increase environmental, health and hygiene sustainability. Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) have the potential to reduce environmental impact the most, once optimized and if urine and faeces are collected and treated for reuse. Local farmers have expressed demand for sanitation reuse products, as long as low price and quality can be guaranteed. From a household perspective, demand exists for high levels of service and maintenance by providers, no matter the type of system, to ensure simple maintenance by users. But the sanitation system still needs to be affordable, match cleanliness expectations, and remain free of odours, mosquitos and rodents. Upscaling on-site sanitation systems depends strongly on the support of the public institutions and resources available, including legal, economic and technical resources, as well as having a long-term vision.
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Fiddleman, Richard H., and Kathlynn D. Miller. Navy Occupational Health Information Management System (NOHIMS). Hazardous Materials Control Module. Users' Manual. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198170.
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Lustig, Nora, Valentina Martinez Pabon, and Carola Pessino. Fiscal Policy, Income Redistribution, and Poverty Reduction in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005237.
Abstract:
This paper uses standard fiscal incidence analysis to study how much income redistribution and poverty reduction are accomplished through the fiscal system in eighteen Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We show there is considerable heterogeneity in the income inequality and poverty-reducing power of LAC fiscal systems. While all LAC fiscal systems reduce income inequality, fiscal systems in nine LAC countries are poverty-increasing, and this startling characteristic has not improved over time. When analyzing specific fiscal elements, we find that direct taxes, direct transfers, and in-kind transfers are all equalizing, and spending on education and health is often pro-poor. Moreover, contrary to expectations, indirect taxes and subsidies are more frequently equalizing than unequalizing.
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Macinko, James. Measuring Population Experiences of Primary Care: Innovations in Primary Care Assessment in OECD and LAC countries. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009152.
Abstract:
This study develops a composite measure of primary care experience, using the Commonwealth Fund's 2010 International Health Policy Survey (IHP), applied on eleven high income OECD countries, and based on user self-report. The multidimensional measure is composed of answers regarding specific primary care domains, including: accessibility, continuous care, coordination of care, and provider communication and cultural competence. The overall measure of primary care experience is tested and validated, including an exploration of population characteristics (e.g. sex, age, income, migration status, insurance type) that are associated with higher or lower assessments of the receipt of primary care. It explicitly assesses the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, health need, and health system variables, and includes important interaction terms between these variables. Based on the results, the measure's potential suitability for use in Latin America and the Caribbean is assessed. This includes commentary on possibilities for comparison between LAC and the OECD countries covered by the Commonwealth. The results suggest that it is possible to develop a composite measure of user primary care experience based on survey data. In general, the primary care measure developed performed relatively well in terms of discriminating between people who have good versus poor experiences with their health system.
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Magnoli, Alessandro. National Health Accounts in Latin America and Caribbean: Concept, Results and Policy Uses. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012213.
Abstract:
This paper presents the National Health Accounts (NHA) methodology and its relevance in policy making in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. After presenting the concept of NHA and highlighting recent results of LAC data collection activities, the paper will focus on policy applications of NHA and its usefulness in supporting the financial dimension of health reforms. Lastly, it will analyze problems and drawbacks in the use of this tool. In short, the paper attempts to answer the following questions: What is NHA? How is it used? Why is it not used? How can and should it be put to use in LAC? Despite the serious drawbacks that exist in the NHA practice (e.g., methodological problems, understanding by policy makers, and institutionalization), the main message of this paper is a normative one: NHA should become the Management Information System for health policies, in particular when the health reform process is in progress.
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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.
Abstract:
We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.
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Brown, David. Analysis of the Deployed Military Health Information System and Its Ability to Satisfy Requirements of Public Law 105-85, Section 765. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444076.
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Ibrahim, Lauren. A Case Study of the Acceptance of the Tacoma-Pierce County Needle Exchange Program by Three Diverse Groups: Law Enforcement Personnel, Health Department Officials, and Program Clients (i.e., Intravenous Drug Users). Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1382.
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Olson, Hannah, Madeleine Haas, and Megan L. Kavanaugh. State-Level Contraceptive Use and Preferences: Estimates from the US 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Guttmacher Institute, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2024.300488.
Abstract:
Contraception plays a key role in people’s realization of their sexual and reproductive health and well-being. The factors that shape contraceptive behaviors are complex and dynamic, and there is growing recognition among reproductive health service providers and advocates that contraceptive service delivery must prioritize patients’ values and preferences to help them exercise their reproductive autonomy.1 Similarly, research and public health surveillance systems that measure not only contraceptive use and method selection but also contraceptive preferences are best suited to evaluate service quality and track progress toward meeting the needs of reproductive-aged people. Building on findings from two previous Guttmacher Institute reports describing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data on contraceptive use in 20172 and 2019,3 this report uses data from the 2022 BRFSS to provide an expanded set of state-level estimates of contraceptive use and preferences. In 2022, scientists at Guttmacher collaborated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to modify existing questions and include additional questions in the BRFSS family planning module. The resulting data set allows analysis not only of people’s primary contraceptive method use but also of multiple method use, overall contraceptive preferences and method-specific contraceptive preferences. Data collection for the 2022 BRFSS occurred during a pivotal time for reproductive health and rights due to the US Supreme Court’s June 2022 ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which overturned the federal right to abortion. A wave of restrictive state laws and policies have followed, and as legislation concerning sexual and reproductive health care becomes increasingly politicized, state-level policies are key determinants of the quality and accessibility of contraceptive care.4 In this environment, state-level data, especially on person-centered measures of contraceptive preferences, are of paramount importance in understanding how shifts in reproductive health policy and service delivery are felt in the population. This report finds that contraceptive use is high across all reporting jurisdictions, but there is considerable variation in whether people are realizing preferences for which contraceptives they use or whether to use at all. People who report having used a method that requires some interaction with a provider, for example, are more likely than people using exclusively provider-independent or over-the-counter methods to report their current method as their preferred method of contraception. Throughout this report, we will explore how patterns of contraceptive use and preferences vary by type of method or combination of methods and jurisdiction. Given the elevated barriers to contraception that young people have historically experienced,5,6 we also highlight differences between two age-groups (18–24 and 25–49) where possible.*