Academic literature on the topic 'Health Status Indications'
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Journal articles on the topic "Health Status Indications"
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Jonas, Richard A. "Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: Current status and indications." Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual 5, no. 1 (January 2002): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/pcsu.2002.31493.
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Thool, Ketki N., Shuchi M. Jain, Poonam V. Shivkumar, Manish A. Jain, and Manjiri R. Podder. "A clinical audit and confidential enquiry of caesarean section indications at rural tertiary health care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (March 30, 2017): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171413.
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Background: Worldwide CSR has been steadily increasing beyond recommended level of 15 %by WHO. High CSR have been reported in developed and developing countries. Reasons for increase in CSR are not obvious and somewhat complex. Thus, present study was undertaken to analyze various indications for CS performed at rural tertiary health care centre Sewagram, M.S.Methods: This was prospective study included all women who underwent CS from 1st January 2015 till 30th June 2016. Data was entered in MS excel sheet analyzed with percentage and chi square test using SPSS ver.17.Results: CSR was 36 .88% in present study. As per NICE guidelines CS were classified in four categories based on urgency, women were distributed in each category. Category I had 22.62%, category II -38.61%, category III - 28.37% and Category IV - 10.40% women. In CAT I common indication was foetal bradycardia (71.53%). In CAT II CS, common indication was non reassuring foetal status (38.82%). Breech presentation (14.74%) and previous scar with doubtfull scar integrity (14.33) were next common indications. In CAT III (43.43%), IV (41.13%) previous LSCS with inadequate pelvis was the common indication. Confidential enquiry revealed that 26.17% (28/107), 20.3% (40/197), 23.17%, (35/151) and 8.3 % (5/60) of CAT I, II, III and IV CS had questionable indications.Conclusions: In this study, CSR was higher than WHO standard. Common indications in primipara was foetal distress while in multiparas primary indication previous LSCS
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La, Jennifer, David Cheng, Mary T. Brophy, Nhan V. Do, Jerry S. H. Lee, David Tuck, and Nathanael R. Fillmore. "Real-World Outcomes for Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Veterans Affairs System." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 4 (October 2020): 918–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.20.00084.
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PURPOSE Increasingly broad patient groups are being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical practice, but few studies have assessed their usage and outcomes in large, comprehensive real-world cohorts. We identified patients who received ICIs in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system and described patient characteristics and survival outcomes across multiple indications. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis using electronic health record data from VA facilities nationwide. Overall survival (OS) from time of ICI initiation for key indications was estimated by Kaplan-Meier. We also stratified OS by frailty status, as defined by a surrogate index developed in VA data. For select indications, we further compared outcomes to historic and concurrent control patients treated with standard-of-care regimens at the VA. RESULTS We identified 11,888 patients who were treated with ICIs and determined the cancer type and indication for which they were treated. The cohort is enriched for patient groups that are under-represented in pivotal clinical trials (PCTs), including older, non-White, and/or higher disease burdened patients. Generally, OS observed in the VA cohort is lower than that reported in PCTs. After stratifying VA patients by frailty status, OS among nonfrail patients is more similar to OS reported in PCTs for some indications. Compared with internal VA control cohorts, patients treated with ICIs generally exhibited longer OS for all indications considered. CONCLUSION This study describes ICI outcomes across multiple tumor types in a real-world population at the VA. For most indications, real-world survival outcomes are observed to be lower than those reported in PCTs, but patients receiving ICIs still achieve longer survival relative to patients receiving standard of care.
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Khursheed, Farkhunda, Sabrina Abbas, Chandra Madhudas, Zakia Zaheen, Nargis Bano, and Rashida Akbar. "Emergency Obstetrics Hysterectomy: Current Situation in a Tertiary care Hospital of Sindh." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 1224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221621224.
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Objective: To determine the indications of emergency obstetrics hysterectomy (EOH) as a current situation in a tertiary care Hospital of Sindh. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. The study duration was one year from January 2021 to December 2021. All the women underwent emergency obstetric hysterectomies, aged 18 to 40 years, both multi and primiparous of either residential status or booking status were included. Hysterectomy conducted for bleeding unresponsive to conservative medical and surgical treatment at the time of cesarean section or after birth until 42 days postpartum was characterized as obstetric hysterectomy. Patients were assessed regarding indications of the emergency obstetrics hysterectomies. All the data were collected via self-made study proforma. SPSS version 26 was used for the analysis of data. Results: A total of 20 women were studied to assess the indications of emergency obstetrics hysterectomies. The average age of the women was 31.70+3.80 years and mean gestational age was 36.0+2.58 weeks. Placenta previa + morbidly adherent placenta was the most common indication 8(40.0%) with positive history of previous c-sections, uterine rupture was in 06(30.0%) women and placenta previa type IV was 03(15.0%), followed by fibroid uterus with history previous 3 c-sections was 01(5.0%), incomplete mischarge was 01(5.0%) and uterine atony was 01(5.0%). Indications were statistically insignificant according to residential status (p->0.05), while statistically significant according to booking status and parity (p-<0.05). Conclusion: As per current scenario the placenta previa+ morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) with history of multiple previous C-sections and rupture of the uterus were observed to be the frequently prevalent indications of emergency obstetrics hysterectomy. Women who have had past C-sections should receive comprehensive antenatal care. Keywords: Indications, EOH, morbidly adherent placenta, previous C-section
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Tran, KT, JM Stephens, KF Gold, A. Kimura, and CL Pashos. "PMD31: ASSESSING FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW OF THE CHILDHOOD HAQ FOR NON-ARTHRITIS INDICATIONS." Value in Health 6, no. 3 (May 2003): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)64109-5.
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Kuper, Spencer, Robin Steele, Rachel Sievert, Alan Tita, Lorie Harper, and Michelle Wang. "Outcomes of Medically Indicated Preterm Births Differ by Indication." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 08 (December 29, 2017): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615792.
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Objective We aim to examine whether outcomes of preterm birth (PTB) are further modified by the indication for delivery. Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of all singletons delivered at 23 to 34 weeks from 2011 to 2014. Women were classified by their primary indication for delivery: maternal (preeclampsia) or fetal/obstetric (growth restriction, nonreassuring fetal status, and vaginal bleeding). The primary neonatal outcome was a composite of neonatal death, cord pH <7 or base excess < − 12, 5-minute Apgar ≤3, C-reactive protein during resuscitation, culture-proven sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome. Groups were compared using Student's t-test and chi-squared tests. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Results Of 528 women, 395 (74.8%) were delivered for maternal and 133 (25.2%) for fetal/obstetric indications. Compared with those delivered for a maternal indication, those with a fetal/obstetric indication for delivery had an increased risk of the composite neonatal outcome (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–3.21) and acidemia at birth (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.89–9.55). Conclusion Preterm infants delivered for fetal/obstetric indications have worsened outcomes compared with those delivered for maternal indications. Additional research is needed to further tailor counseling specific to the indication for delivery.
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Khatun, Asma, Tahmina Khatun, Shahinur Rahman, Mst Sharifa Khatun, Kazi Khadeza Farhin, Rahima Sultana, Md Habibur Rahman, Nazneen Rahman, Farhana Hyder Chowdhury, and Asma Sharmin. "Indications and Outcomes of Maternal and Neonatal Health among Emergency Cesarean Section- a Retrospective Study." East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easms.2023.v06i12.002.
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Introduction: The rate of cesarean sections is rising globally, with varying indications and outcomes. This study aims to analyze the indications and outcomes of emergency cesarean sections in a Bangladeshi context, focusing on maternal and neonatal health. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Netrokona Medical College, Bangladesh, from July 2021 to June 2022. It included 100 cases of emergency cesarean sections, excluding elective cases and those with incomplete records. Data on maternal age, gravidity, socioeconomic status, gestational age, BMI, indications for cesarean section, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected and analyzed. Result: The majority of cesarean sections were performed on women aged 21-30 (67%). The most common indication was a previous cesarean section (42%), followed by fetal distress (16%) and placenta previa (11%). Maternal outcomes showed 82% of women had no complications, with fever (12%) and excessive blood loss (8%) being the most common issues. Neonatal outcomes were generally positive, with 97% having APGAR scores ≥7. The gender distribution was 59% male and 41% female, and most neonates had normal or healthy birth weights. Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of emergency cesarean sections among younger women, primarily due to previous cesarean sections. While maternal and neonatal outcomes were largely favorable, the presence of postoperative complications indicates the need for enhanced care. These findings underscore the importance of careful assessment in emergency cesarean sections and postoperative monitoring, particularly in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh.
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Norström, Elin, Rudolf Gustavsson, Fredrik Molin, and Sara Gummesson. "Micro-fossil analysis of Mesolithic human dental calculus, Motala, Sweden - Indications of health status and paleo-diet." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 26 (August 2019): 101866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.05.031.
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Walker, Judi, and Grant Lennox. "Duelling Band-aids: Debating and Debunking Issues Affecting Primary Health Care to Achieve Deliverance for Australia's Health." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00048.
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The constant pressure for growth on all areas of health spending is not matched by the country's capacity to pay. Despite a progressive shift to a primary health care approach that promotes health and wellbeing, illness prevention, healthy lifestyles, early detection, rehabilitation and public health strategies, not all segments of Australian society enjoy good health. In this paper, general indications of the health and wellbeing of Australians are described, and the health and wellbeing of two important population groups: rural and remote and Indigenous populations are discussed, providing a review of Australia's health system. Anomalies in the status of the health of Australians are apparent. Models of primary healthcare, individual health and urban health are compared with models of acute and institutional care, population health and rural health.
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Jang, In-Woo, Ji-Eun Chang, Jongyoon Kim, and Kiyon Rhew. "Status of Medications Prescribed for Psychiatric Disorders in Korean Pediatric and Adolescent Patients." Children 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9010068.
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While mental health services for children are increasing, few psychiatric drugs have been approved for such use. We analyzed claim data from 19,557 South Korean pediatric and adolescent patients (<20 years) who were diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or a tic disorder. Among these diseases, depressive episodes were the most common, followed by an anxiety disorder, ADHD, bipolar disorder, tic disorder, and schizophrenia. For each disease, prescriptions were categorized as full-label (approved indication with pediatric dosing in the package insert (PI)), partial-label (approved indication without pediatric dosing in the PI), and contraindication (contraindicated for the specific pediatric age in the PI). For schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder, more than 50% of the patients were prescribed partial-labeled medications. Additionally, more than 5% of patients with major depressive disorder were prescribed medications that were contraindicated for their age group. Our findings reveal that children with full-labeled psychiatric conditions are commonly administered drugs that are not explicitly approved for either their disease state or age, including off-label and unlicensed drugs. To use pharmaceuticals more safely, expanding drug indications using real-world data are needed.
Books on the topic "Health Status Indications"
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Alison, Carr, Higginson Irene, and Robinson Peter, eds. Quality of life. London: BMJ, 2003.
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J, Sherwood Marjorie, and Rand Corporation, eds. Medical record abstraction form and guidelines for assessing the appropriateness of hysterectomy. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1993.
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Higginson, Irene, Alison Carr, and Robinson Peter. Quality of Life. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2002.
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Higginson, Irene, Alison Carr, and Robinson Peter. Quality of Life. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
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Schmid, Jean-Paul, and Hugo Saner. Ambulatory preventive care: outpatient clinics and primary care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0023.
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Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services aim to restore the physical, psychosocial, and vocational status of cardiac patients. The role of these services has evolved due to the progress of interventional cardiology with its prompt and effective treatment of acute coronary syndromes. The focus has moved from the restoration of a patient’s health following an acute event towards a more pronounced long-term targeted secondary prevention intervention. As a consequence, CR services have also expanded their indication in order to include not only patients after myocardial infarction or surgery but also a variety of ’non-acuteʼ cardiovascular disease (CVD) states like stable coronary heart disease and peripheral obstructive artery disease as well as asymptomatic patients with no history of CVD but with a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors, especially metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. This chapter provides a wide-ranging summary of the issues concerning outpatients and primary care.
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Schmid, Jean-Paul, Hugo Saner, Paul Dendale, and Ines Frederix. Ambulatory preventive care: outpatient clinics and primary care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0023_update_001.
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Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services aim to restore the physical, psychosocial, and vocational status of cardiac patients. The role of these services has evolved due to the progress of interventional cardiology with its prompt and effective treatment of acute coronary syndromes. The focus has moved from the restoration of a patient’s health following an acute event towards a more pronounced long-term targeted secondary prevention intervention. As a consequence, CR services have also expanded their indication in order to include not only patients after myocardial infarction or surgery but also a variety of ’non-acuteʼ cardiovascular disease (CVD) states like stable coronary heart disease and peripheral obstructive artery disease as well as asymptomatic patients with no history of CVD but with a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors, especially metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. This chapter provides a wide-ranging summary of the issues concerning outpatients and primary care.
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Streiner, David L., Geoffrey R. Norman, and John Cairney. Introduction to health measurement scales. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199685219.003.0001.
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This chapter provides a brief overview of the need for measurement in the health sciences. As interventions are increasingly aimed at improving subjective states, such as quality of life or pain, it becomes ever more important to be able to measure these accurately. This means that the items must be clear, unambiguous, and as free from biases as possible. Test constructors must also be aware of the different options for responding to the items. Finally, issues of reliability and validity need to be addressed. The chapter also has a ‘road map’ and flow chart, outlining the steps in scale construction, and indicating the chapters addressing the relevant topics.
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Schulz, Rockwell, and James R. Greenley. Innovating in Community Mental Health. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187264.
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Innovating in Community Mental Health presents lively examples of successful attempts to change mental health service systems in innovative ways to achieve the goal of providing care for persons with severe mental illness. These examples are drawn from such diverse national settings as Italy, Russia, Germany, England, China, and the United States, and involve a range of stratgies from treatment teams of professionals, grassroots community organizations, consumer cooperatives, professional-volunteer teamwork, and housing-based alternatives. The stories of these varied innovations are told by established, knowledgeable scholars from each of the featured countries. The editors help us understand the triumphs and pitfalls involved in these innovations through the presentation of a broad, research-based theory of innovation and change, which is used to guide the presentation of the examples and subsequently to determine their similarities and differences. Through the theoretical framework presented, the nuances of the process of innovation are highlighted, including the importance of the type of innovation itself, the wider environmental influences, place of internal organizational structures, and the role of the individual change agent. Through this framework and the examples presented, the reader is given indications of how innovation and change may be possible in such diverse and seemingly difficult situations, and also of how effective strategies for change might be chosen by administrators, providers, and other policymakers.
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Peacock, Linzi, and Rachel Hignett. Acquired heart disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0041.
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Heart disease in pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. In the United Kingdom and United States, heart disease in pregnancy is the commonest cause of maternal death. In Europe, over 1% of maternal deaths are attributable to structural heart disease. In addition, heart disease in pregnancy is a significant cause of severe maternal and fetal morbidity. Whilst the vast majority of women with heart disease in pregnancy have underlying congenital heart disease, most maternal deaths are due to acquired heart disease (AHD). As the risk factors for AHD become ever more prevalent, the expectation is that disease burden from AHD in pregnancy will also increase. Women with AHD benefit from preconception or early assessment in pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team including obstetricians, cardiologists, and obstetric anaesthetists. Risk assessment using the modified World Health Organization classification of cardiac disease in pregnancy will inform frequency of review in pregnancy. A detailed plan for delivery should be agreed in the third trimester. Where possible, a vaginal delivery is advised: caesarean delivery is reserved for women with obstetric indications or with specific severe underlying cardiac conditions. Slow incremental epidural analgesia is usually recommended to reduce the cardiorespiratory work of labour and an assisted second-stage delivery will limit exertion due to pushing. Neuraxial anaesthesia for operative delivery is becoming a more familiar approach and techniques such as low-dose spinal component combined spinal–epidural or slow incremental epidural top-up maximize haemodynamic stability. Invasive monitoring is often beneficial. Post-delivery care is safely delivered in a high dependency or intensive therapy setting. This chapter looks at the general principles of management of women with AHD, and then examines in detail ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmias, cardiac transplantation, aortic pathology and aortic dissection, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and infective endocarditis.
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Roth, Carol Pindar, and Marjorie J. Sherwood. Medical Record Abstraction Form and Guidelines for Assessing the Appropriateness of Hysterectomy/Mr-239-Hf. RAND Corporation, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Health Status Indications"
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Vonneilich, Nico. "Social Status, Social Relations, and Health." In Social Networks and Health Inequalities, 203–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_11.
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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the current state of research on social status, social relations, and health. The focus is on two questions: (1) Is there evidence of an explanatory contribution of social relationships on the association of social status and health (mediating effect of social relationships), and (2) do associations of social relations and health vary in different social status groups (moderating effect of social status)? There is evidence that social relationships can help explain health inequalities. The current state of research on the moderating effect is less clear. Although there are indications of a moderating effect, the results for both questions vary greatly regarding indicators used for social relationships or health. Research on these questions has so far neglected a more complex measurement of social relations, such as in social networks. Complex assessments of social relations might help in finding more detailed insights.
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"Adolescent Health Management." In Psycho-Socio-Physical Dimensions of Adolescent Health Management, 118–59. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7384-5.ch005.
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The present state of affairs of adolescent health status clearly shows that the condition of today's youth has significantly deteriorated as revealed by severe malnutrition, poor reproductive health, high aggression, increased depression, increased suicidal rates, drug use, substance abuse, etc., which are the clear indications of the challenges that adolescents are facing. No doubt that they are at risk because they lack social support to seek accurate information and services. In such a scenario, there is an urgent need to provide today's youth with new set of ways and systems to deal with the changing demands of life. It is essential that the adolescents be helped to develop skills inherently to handle a wide variety of choices, changes, and the stressors. It calls for a need of life skill education for adolescents so as to enable them to develop psycho-social competencies and interpersonal skills which help them to make informed decisions, communicate effectively, and develop coping and self-management skills so as to enable them to lead a healthy and productive life.
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Riley, Alan J. "Pharmacotherapy for sexual dysfunction: current status." In Sexual Pharmacology, edited by Elizabeth J. Riley, 211–26. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192622839.003.0011.
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Abstract Throughout the ages, man of all cultures has sought drugs to modify his sexual performance and an enormous number of preparations of vegetable, animal, and mineral origin have been extolled to have aphrodisiac properties. Even today, vast sums of money are spent on alleged aphrodisiacs, the majority of which are at best ineffective and at worse toxic. In the past there has been very little research effort directed at finding drugs to treat sexual dysfunction and, with few exceptions, most of the drugs that are now used for this purpose were originally developed for other indications. Indeed in the United Kingdom today no drug has been licensed by the Department of Health specifically for the treatment of sexual dysfunction although the butyrophenone, benperidol, is registered for the control of deviant and antisocial behaviour and the anti-androgen, cyproterone acetate, is licensed for severe hypersexuality and sexual deviance in the male.
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M. Crittenden, Patricia, and Susan Spieker. "The Effects of Separation from Parents on Children." In Child Abuse and Neglect - Perspectives and Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002940.
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More than a million children are separated from their parents by government authorities. We review the research on the effects of separation, including separation for parental maltreatment, adoption, illegal immigration, parental incarceration, and Indigenous status. The effects were universally negative, did not differ by reason for separation, and included neurological change from psychological trauma, precocious sexual maturity, physical and sexual abuse, neglect, academic delay, poor peer relations, psychosomatic symptoms, psychiatric disorder, and behavior problems such as depression, anxiety, delinquency, self-harm, substance abuse, and inappropriate sexual behavior. There were indications that separation led to intergenerational cycles of family separation. The research indicated that children are most vulnerable from 9 months to 9 years of age. We suggest that the negative effects of separation be considered explicitly when courts make placement decisions. Professionals who can reduce children’s suffering from separation are legislators, policy makers, social workers, mental health professionals, attorneys, and judges.
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Öztür, Ali Erdem, Oya Korkmaz, Mustafa Numan Bucak, Ender Yalçınkaya Kalyan, and Tohid Rezaei Topraggaleh. "An Overview of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): Its Development and Popularity." In Sağlık Bilimleri Araştırmaları: Temel Tıp-II. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub124.c546.
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Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is widely used in infertility treatments to achieve pregnancy. This technology includes in vitro fertilization (IVF) and microinjection (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection-ICSI) procedures. Today, ICSI is the most commonly used fertilization method for both severe male factor infertility and non-male-induced infertility in many laboratories all over the world. In this method, a sperm cell is injected into the cytoplasm of an oocyte cell under a microscope with a micromanipulator attached. Although it is a popular method of insemination, it has various indications. In ART treatments, gametes and zygotes are exposed to a non-physiological treatment and culture medium. It is known that this process and environment that they are exposed to can affect the epigenetic properties of male and female gametes and may negatively affect the early embryogenesis process. While most children born with the ICSI method appear healthy, there are concerns about the safety and overuse of this technology. When the health status of children born with ICSI is analyzed to date, it has been suggested that children born with ICSI have more congenital malformations, epigenetic disorders, chromosomal anomalies, psychological and neurological developmental disorders than children born naturally. However, it is still unclear how much of the observed adverse outcomes are related to parental factors or ICSI. In this review, we aimed to discuss the ICSI method, its development and data on epigenetic risks in the light of literature information.
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Langford, Steven, and Francisco A. Arabía. "The Syncardia Total Artificial Heart." In Mechanical Circulatory Support, 110–18. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190909291.003.0016.
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The 70-cc Syncardia TAH is the only device with FDA approval as a bridge to transplant in patients with biventricular failure, with a history that dates back to the earliest days of mechanical circulatory support. Clinical trials are currently underway to establish a destination therapy indication for the 70-cc device and a bridge to transplant indication for the 50-cc device. With the current heart allocation system in the United States, the TAH is the only dischargeable platform for patients who are listed as Status 2. Adverse events remain the primary limitation of these devices, and careful patient selection is critical for achieving excellent postoperative outcomes.
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Ceppi, Lorenzo, Tommaso Grassi, Robert Fruscio, Eleonora Preti, and Fabio Landoni. "Fertility Preservation and Cervical Cancer: Fertility-Sparing Surgery and Cervical Cancer in Pregnancy." In NEOPLASIA and FERTILITY, 1–52. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050141122010003.
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About 40% of the diagnoses of cervical cancer occur during the reproductive age. With the increasing age of first pregnancy, both cervical cancer diagnosis during conception attempt and pregnancy are more common events. Although the oncologic outcome is the primary objective of these treatments, in selected women wishing to preserve fertility, a fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) should be considered. Many factors must be evaluated including stage, histological subtype, lymph node status, lymphovascular space invasion, size of the disease, and, nonetheless, the experience of the health care team. We review the indications, techniques, fertility and obstetric outcomes of FSS. Increasing evidence has shown that cervical cancer during pregnancy is a condition that can be treated. However, many issues remain to be discussed: i) how to make a correct diagnosis and staging of the disease; ii) what is the most appropriate treatment; iii) when to start treatment and what is the risk of delaying the treatment to allow for better fetal maturity; iv) what is the preferred mode of delivery; v) how pregnancy affects the progression and prognosis of neoplasia. We have reviewed the tumor factors, gestational age, obstetrical conditions and complications related to cervical cancer during pregnancy. The chapter reviews the evidence for the best possible treatment of this challenging medical condition, including the psychological aspects related to such diagnosis, helping the clinician and the patient clarify their concerns and wishes regarding the continuation of the pregnancy and the cancer treatment.
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Corrà, Ugo, and Jean-Paul Schmid. "Recovering from acute heart events." In ESC Handbook of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, 35–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849308.003.0005.
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Despite extraordinary advances in pharmacological and interventional therapies, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and secondary prevention programmes have maintained a class I indication with level of evidence A in patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and a class I recommendation with level of evidence B in patients after surgical revascularization and with chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD). In post-acute or chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II–III, both with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (EF)), CR has a class I recommendation with level of evidence A. In patients with recent valvular heart surgery, there is an important indication for CR intervention early after surgery. Once admitted to CR, patients should have their clinical status assessed or reviewed before starting any activities, particularly exercise training. Assessment should cover medical history, personal goals and preferences, physical parameters, disease-specific status, disease management, psychosocial health, risk factors, functional exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the impact of physical deconditioning of comorbidities. Previous exercise levels, aids used, goals, and residual exercise capacity/function should also be considered. If patients are not clinically stable, CR interventions should be deferred. However, if patients are stable, intervention should be started as soon as possible after an acute cardiac event after appropriate functional assessment.
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Solinger, Rickie. "The Environment and Reproductive Politics." In Reproductive Politics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199811403.003.0017.
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How are environmental contaminants affecting reproductive health in the United States? No one knows for sure the relationship between contaminants and reproduction, but there are some indications that the effects are felt nationwide. Today, chemical production in the United States is a $450 billion...
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Chioma Ewurum, Ngozi, and Samuel Oseloka Okafor. "Global Health Security: An Evaluation of Public Health Expenditure, Health Status and Economic Development in Nigeria." In Sustainable Development. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114264.
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This chapter examines the intersection of public health expenditure, health status, and economic development in Nigeria and their implications for global health security. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset spanning the period, 1981-2021, the study utilizes a simultaneous equation model, employing three-stage least squares for data estimation. We developed an innovative composite economic development index (EDI) that integrates the Seers’ Three-Pillars Model of Development encompassing poverty, inequality, and unemployment using principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, the study crafted a health status index, utilizing indicators such as infant, under-five, maternal mortality rates, and crude death rate. Utilizing PCA allows for a comprehensive evaluation of economic development that encompasses both socio-economic and health dimensions. Other control variables used were adopted from the six WHO health system building blocks. Findings reveal bidirectional causal relationships between public health expenditure and health status, with a unidirectional causal relationship observed from health status to economic development. There is no direct causal link between public health expenditure and economic development, indicating an indirect impact through health status. This inferred that the impact of public health expenditure on economic development works through the health status channel. Policy recommendations include increasing budget allocations to health sector, subsidizing health services, and addressing poverty, inequality, and unemployment issues by improving health infrastructure, income levels, enhancing equitable healthcare accessibility and affordability, bolstering human resources for health in the healthcare sector and reliable power generation. These interventions are essential for fostering sustainable and inclusive economic development in Nigeria, enhancing the country’s resilience to health crises, reducing vulnerability to mortality rates and diseases, thereby contributing to global health security efforts.
Conference papers on the topic "Health Status Indications"
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A Concept, Life-Style:. "Tailoring Motivational Mechanisms to Engage Teenagers in Healthy." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100499.
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Overweight and obesity are the first leading risk related to nutrition for global deaths, in the last few years it outranked the famine. Obesity increases the risk of several debilitating, and deadly diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. Due to the many health risks associated with obesity, the financial burden that the treatment of this disease exercises on the European healthcare system is enormous. For this reason, the best strategy relies in prevention. In particular, the pervasiveness of technology can leverage an important advantage for the promotion of healthy behaviors in the new generations. This paper introduces PEGASO, a technological multidisciplinary project funded by the European Commission that aims at creating an ecosystem that can enable teenagers to adopt healthy habits leading to a healthy life-style. The ICT system plays an important role in the PEGASO ecosystem. This behavior change support system integrates a Virtual Individual Model that allows characterizing the physiological status, physical condition and the psychological status for each user. This allows the elaboration of tailored interventions aiming at promoting the adoption of healthy habits by the users. This paper describes this concept introducing the Virtual Individual Model and discusses the possible interventions related to the promotion of physical exercise and of healthy dietary habits. At the end of the paper, some indications about the future development of the PEGASO project are provided.
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Paradiso, Rita. "Wearable Solutions for Smart Integrated Extreme Environments Health Monitor System." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004698.
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This paper is an introduction to the design solutions implemented within the EU-funded SIXTHSENSE project; a multidisciplinary innovation and research project with the overall goal of significantly improving the effectiveness and safety of first responder deployment in hazardous environments by optimizing on-site team coordination and mission execution. The project proposes an innovative multimodal monitoring system based on biochemical and physiological sensors data that allows the detection in real time of the physical and mental status deterioration of the first responders deployed in the field. The core of the SIXTHSENSE platform is a sensing garment with a closed loop tactile biofeedback [1], that allows first responders in hazardous situations to receive recommendations related to their physical and mental status, as well as operational indications from the remote command center. The concept of the platform developed within the project focus on the applications related to the deployment of firefighters [2] and mountain rescue services in extreme conditions [3]. The system is equipped with integrated electrochemical and electrophysiological sensors embedded in a garment that ensures intimate contact with the skin to accurately detect parameters related to physiological and mental strain. System also comprises an array of electro-tactile pads providing intuitive tactile feedback in hazardous situations. The garment also combine electronics for acquisition and fusion of sensor data, a microstimulator and controller for generation of spatio-temporally distributed electrical pulses, and communication modules, all embedded in a wearable device.The development of the system is performed iteratively, advancing in parallel hardware (sensors, electronics, electrodes), software (sensor data processing, calibration algorithms, electrotactile feedback control, command center dashboard), and research (data analytics, feedback representation, new telecommunications paradigms, etc .).The overall approach of the project is envisioned through core activities that are embedded in both applications. These are complemented with specific actions, like integrating the system with a specific sensor configuration into appropriate garments and using telecommunication channels best suited for the intended environment. These activities have been performed in three consecutive iterations, following a progressive processing approach to result in two demonstrator systems related to the applications, based on three main development iterations, named Alfa, Beta and Gamma each producing a prototype platform.[1]M. Štrbac et al. , ‘Integrated and flexible multichannel interface for electrotactile stimulation’, J. Neural Eng., vol.13, no. 4, p. 046014, 2016..[2]B. Carballo-Leyenda, J. G. Villa, J. López-Satué, J. A. Rodríguez-Marroyo. “Characterizing wildland firefighters’ thermal environment during live-fire suppression.” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 10, pp. 949. 2019.[3]D. Curone, E.L. Secco, L. Caldani, A. Lanatà, R. Paradiso, A. Tognetti, G. Magenes, “Assessment of Sensing Fire Fighters Uniforms for Physiological parameter Measurement in Harsh Environment,”IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 501-511, 2012
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Bushueva, T. V., N. A. Roslay, and A. K. Labzova. "THE USE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN ORDER TO FORM AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED GROUP FOR VACCINATION AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-97-101.
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Abstract: Pneumococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people over 60 years of age and workers in some professional groups. According to the medical literature, the frequency of invasive forms of pneumococcal infection among people of working age is 3.8 per 100,000 population. Increased susceptibility to colonization of the respiratory tract and subsequent morbidity may be due to concomitant pathology, exposure to immunocompromising, including harmful production factors. It should be noted that the source of the pathogen is not only sick people, but also healthy carriers. The level of asymptomatic colonization in the adult population is 5-7%, and in families with children increases to 30%. Vaccination is a way to effectively prevent respiratory diseases caused by this infection. The purpose of our study is to substantiate immunological indications for the formation of immunocompromised groups among workers exposed to the aerogenic factor at work for subsequent vaccination against pneumococcal infection. Results: It has been shown that low bactericidal activity of neutrophils (NBT-test) and a high level of secretory immunoglobulin can be used as a marker of immunodeficiency in workers of a ferrous metallurgy enterprise. When a doctor assesses the immune status of workers, he needs to take into account the presence of diseases that are part of the groups of immunological syndrome complexes (infectious-inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, immunoproliferative) and the composition of industrial aerosols
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Mittal, Sujata. "Cervical cancer management in Rural India: Are we really living in 21st century or need to focus on health education of our doctors." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685408.
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Objectives: To study cases of cervical cancer managed/unmanaged in rural India and to analyze the reasons for poor outcome. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 218 cases of cervical cancers between 2008-2013 with resultant outcome in terms of treatment or absence of treatment in spite of diagnosis. Reasons for not taking the treatment have been analyzed. Also, analysis of 21 cases of simple hysterectomy with resultant complications like VVF, RVF has been done. Indications of surgery, operating surgeon, availability of preoperative/postoperative HPR, slides/blocks, discharge summary and disease status at the time of referral was done. Results: 44% refused to take treatment in spite of stage III diagnosis citing financial constraints, distance to be traveled daily for RT and apathetic attitude of family towards females. 20.65% opted for other hospitals. 29.8% took complete treatment. 80% of females were illiterate and dependent. 9.7% had simple hysterectomy for invasive disease. 95% of simple hysterectomies were performed by general surgeons in private setups resulting in 19% of complications like VVF, RVF. 100% cases of simple Hysterectomy did not have pre-operative biopsy. Only 50% cases had post-operative biopsy report and in none of the cases were slide/blocks available for review as trained pathologists were not available. General surgeons who had performed surgery were neither trained in doing P/V examinations nor aware of staging of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Illiteracy, poverty and absence of implementation of cancer control programs are the major hurdles in control of cervical cancer. The study highlights the absence of Government’s will to control cervical cancer in rural India. It emphasizes on the need of intensive training and health education of gynaecologists and surgeons at district/rural level, lack of which is a primary factor for violation of medical ethics by the doctors.
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Asif, Arslan, Muhammad Nabeel, Mazhar Javed Awan, Muhammad Ahsan, Abdul Hannan, and Shahroz Abbas. "Indication of Health Status Using Machine Learning Linear Regression and Random Forest." In 2021 International Conference on Innovative Computing (ICIC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic53490.2021.9693018.
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Westenhöfer, Joachim, Johanna Buchcik, and Jana Borutta. "Healthy Neighbourhoods: Health Promotion and Prevention in Urban Neighbourhoods." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10216.
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Introduction Maintaining good life quality in urban neighbourhoods is one of the biggest challenges. The project "Healthy Neighbourhoods - Health Promotion and Prevention in Districts" ( 07/201712/2020) aims to describe and improve health and quality of life of citizens living in neighbourhoods with different socioeconomic statuses. Method To examine a possible connection between social and health situation, six districts with "very low", "low", "middle" and "high" social statuses will be compared. An instrument was developed to measure walkability, community sense, nutrition, alcohol and tobacco consumption, resilience, health-related quality of life as well as the socio-economic and the socio-demographic status. Results In April 2019, the team recorded n=621 interviews (n=102 in Lohbrügge, n=116 in Rahlstedt, n=87 in Sasel, n=135 in Stellingen, n=65 Wilhelmsburg and n=116 in Hamm). Men were somewhat overrepresented compared to women (n=268 woman, n=345 men, n=2 diverse, n=8 no indication). Respondents were aged between 18 - 96 (mean = 57.5, SD = 19.6). Discussion The results demonstrate different health situations, resources and challenges regarding the socio-economic status and the district respectively. To ensure a participative approach, the results will be presented to citizens and health experts living in these districts and form the basis to develop health promoting intervention.
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Jiana Santos, Ezri, Diana Marie De Silva, Haerold Dean Layaoen, John Kenneth Punongbayan, and Josefa Angelie Revilla. "Evaluation of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) employees under traditional and remote work environments." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004317.
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Following the success of remote work in the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry during the Covid-19 pandemic, several organizations have considered choosing a permanent remote work policy for their employees over the traditional face-to-face setup. The primary determinants that dictate adopting a permanent working environment are often centered on cost-related considerations with little regard for the slow onset of occupational health hazards. Studies have identified various health hazards experienced by BPO personnel, including headaches, back pain, neck and shoulder discomfort, wrist and hand pain, eye strain, overweight, hearing loss, and digestion issues. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is a term used to describe such symptoms that manifest in response to exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF)-emitting devices. In the context of the Philippines, most are unaware of the potential implications of EMF exposure, hence it is worthwhile to closely investigate the EHS of BPO employees. This study aims to investigate the health-effects of EMF-emitting devices on BPO personnel in both traditional and remote work setups. The study used a web-based questionnaire to collect and assess data from two discrete populations. A self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to pre-assess the respondents’ general wellness and health status. Statistical significance was established using the independent t-test. Principal component analysis was used to identify the major symptoms associated with EHS, whereas the EMF sources were analyzed using an independent sample t-test with bootstrapping. Based on the SRQ-20, traditional BPO personnel encounter health risks with statistically higher severity (p < 0.05) than their remote counterparts which may infer that the two different working settings possibly have distinct effects on the health of the workers. However, upon further evaluation, the two distinct populations both exhibited negligible to moderate indications of EHS symptoms in separate environments. A significant difference in the perception of BPO workers is observed regarding the intensity of the effects of EMF across all possible sources except three specific devices: a computer, a television, and a television or radio transmitter. However, the source analysis indicates that the influence of EMF-emitting devices on the EHS of employees is low to negligible in both occupational settings. The study concluded that there is an absence of potential health risks stemming from exposure to EMF in both occupational settings for BPO employees. Considering the negligible impact of EMF exposure on EHS symptoms, BPO industries possess the flexibility to choose between the two work setups, as both environments do not pose significant EMF-related occupational health and safety threats.
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JONUŠIENĖ, Dovilė, and Kristina KOVALČIKIENĖ. "MENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL IDENTITY OF 1ST YEAR AGRONOMY STUDENTS IN LITHUANIA." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.093.
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This study investigated the relationship between students’ occupational identity statuses and their mental health. A correlation analysis and cluster analysis were performed with a sample of 167 first-year agronomy students in Lithuania. It was expected that a higher statuses of occupational identity will be related to better mental health. Expectations have been fulfilled only for achievement status, indicating that achievement (the highest identity status) is positively related with general and all components of mental health. Moreover, foreclosure identity status also was positively related with general and three components of mental health. In addition, the results indicated that diffusion identity status was negatively related with real evaluation of subjectively perceived mental health. Clustering analysis proposed two profiles: first of students with better mental health and higher achievement and foreclosure statuses, and second cluster for students with poorer mental health and higher diffusion and higher moratorium statuses. Implications of these findings for university counsellors and for faculty are presented.
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Longo, Gabrielle, Frida de Luna, and Mahnoor Ahmad. "Health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22.
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Cannabis users are increasingly turning towards the Internet for information about cannabis, especially medicinal patients, who generally have low to moderate knowledge of important aspects of cannabis like medicinal effectiveness. Potential for misuse of cannabis is much higher when there is a lack of accurate information (Kruger et al., 2020). Overuse of cannabis can be associated with discontinued enrollment in school, trouble dealing with anxiety and stress, and an increased risk of schizotypy (Blavos et al., 2017). Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy has been shown to have negative effects on the fetal immune system (Dong et al., 2019), is associated with low birth weight, stunted development (Gusstafson & Jacobsson, 2019), and cognitive impairment (Grant et al., 2018). Cannabis dispensary employees have been found to make health suggestions without proper qualifications (Dickson 2018), and advertising on dispensary websites often suggests strains for specific medical conditions, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting these claims (Kruger et al., 2020; Luc 2020). This increasing medicalization of cannabis by those unqualified to do so is concerning in such a fast-growing field. The present study assesses the presence of health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites, specifically (a) the presence of facts or warnings about potential psychological consequences (e.g., paranoia, increased vulnerability to psychosis), (b) facts or warnings about use in pregnant women, and (c) general dosage warnings. Dispensaries were selected at random in all states that have legal cannabis. 15 dispensaries were selected from each state. If the state had less than 15, all dispensaries in the state were included in coding, for a total of 389 dispensary websites. Dispensaries were identified via informal cannabis websites like leafly.com and potguides.com, as the purpose of the study was to identify dispensary websites that the average person would find when searching the Internet. Previous studies have utilized state agency lists and informal lists (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2019). Three trained research assistants coded each website for the relevant information. 30% of websites coded had psychological consequence warnings (n = 111), 21.53% had gynecological health warnings, and 45.65% had general use warnings. Three separate logistic regression analyses were performed with the three types of health warnings as the binary outcome variable (the information is either present = 1, or not present = 0) and legality status as the predictor. Legality status had no impact on the presence of psychological consequence information (OR = .737, SE = .174, p = .196) or general dosage information (OR = .786, SE = .479, p = .279), but legality did have a significant influence on the presence of gynecological consequences (OR = .499, SE = .129, p = .007), indicating that when cannabis was recreationally legal, the state was less likely to have information about gynecological health consequences on their dispensary websites. This is troubling, because cannabis is much more easily accessible in states with recreational legalization than medicinal, and the consequences of cannabis use during pregnancy can be severe.
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Jiménez, Andrés, E. Novillo, E. Morante, and E. Chamorro. "Load Detection and Fatigue Health Monitoring Equipment Design for Landing Gears." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37029.
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The Weight on Wheel system on an aircraft gives an indication of whether the aircraft has weight on its wheels, meaning the airborne is on the ground. This system monitors the loads appearing on each Landing Gear structure. It sends a status signal to Landing gear computer that manage the redundant signals coming from each WOW systems. The management of these signals gives the information needed to activate “on ground” configuration of aircraft for braking control laws. “On ground” configuration specifies maximum load conditions and requirements for shock absorbers design for each type of aircraft (heavy freighters, military transport …) Based on CESA experience on this field, a new approach oriented to fatigue health monitoring, is presented here. Current WOW system could be modified allowing a continuous monitoring of loads experienced by Landing Gear structure. This will optimize the life cycle of the aircraft by checking individually the status of different structural parts of each Landing Gear. Therefore, it will improve maintenance actions that will be performed only when needed. Load detection and monitoring of landing gears provides a valuable and useful information data to predict accurately the accumulated fatigue damage on landing gear components.
Reports on the topic "Health Status Indications"
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Fuentes, Liza, Sheila Desai, and Ruth Dawson. New Analyses on US Immigrant Health Care Access Underscore the Need to Eliminate Discriminatory Policies. Guttmacher Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2022.33551.
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Introduction Previous Guttmacher Institute research has described sexual and reproductive health disparities between immigrant women and their US-born counterparts. We present new analyses, based on two nationally representative surveys, that show inequities in health insurance coverage by citizenship status and race or ethnicity, and health care service use by citizenship status. These new findings are consistent with existing evidence indicating a need for policies to eliminate sexual and reproductive health inequities that have long persisted along lines of race and ethnicity, immigration status and income in the United States. These analyses make it clear that policymakers need to address these inequities. Two bills, the Health Equity and Access Under the Law (HEAL) for Immigrant Families Act and the Lifting Immigrant Families Through Benefits Access Restoration (LIFT the BAR) Act, represent opportunities to do just that.
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Hackbarth, Carolyn, and Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.
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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...
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Shannon, Caitlin S., and Beverly Winikoff. Misoprostol: An emerging technology for women's health—Report of a seminar. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh17.1002.
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On May 7–8, 2001, the Population Council and the Center for Reproductive Health Research & Policy of the University of California, San Francisco, convened a technical seminar in New York City on the use of misoprostol for women’s health indications. The seminar was designed to provide a forum for researchers, providers, women’s health advocates, and educators to exchange information with the goal of advancing the potential of misoprostol to improve women’s health. Participants discussed the state of the art in research, examined current clinical use of misoprostol, and created strategies for the future. The first day focused on scientific and clinical aspects of misoprostol use. The second day’s discussion centered on the future of misoprostol for women’s health, including identifying priorities for research and the role of provider groups and women’s health and advocacy organizations in helping to ensure misoprostol’s continued, appropriate use. At the end of each session, the group had an opportunity to share ideas and discuss unanswered questions. This report covers the key issues raised by each speaker and highlights general areas of discussion among participants.
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Agüero, Jorge M. Causal Estimates of the Intangible Costs of Violence against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011490.
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Violence has a striking gender pattern. Men are more likely to be attacked by a stranger, while women experience violence mostly from their partners. This paper estimates the costs of violence against women in terms of intangible outcomes, such as women's reproductive health, labor supply, and the welfare of their children. The study uses a sample of nearly 83,000 women in seven countries from all income groups and all sub-regions in Latin American and the Caribbean. The sample, consisting of 26.3 million women between the ages of 15 and 49, strengthens the external validity of the results. The results show that physical violence against women is strongly associated with their marital status because it increases the divorce or separation rate. Violence is negatively linked with women's health. The study shows that domestic violence additionally creates a negative externality by affecting important short-term health outcomes for children whose mothers suffered from violence. To obtain the child health outcomes, the study employs a natural experiment in Peru to establish that these effects appear to be causal. Finally, the paper presents evidence indicating that women's education and age buffer the negative effect of violence against women on their children's health outcomes.
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Sankaranarayanan, Anoop, Preethi Ramanathan, Rinu Mathew, Helen Wilding, and David Castle. Disordered gambling among people with psychotic disorders: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0108.
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Review question / Objective: We were interested in studying the prevalence and correlates of disordered gambling among people with psychotic disorders. Participants: Adults (18-65 years) with psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, Psychosis NOS, first episode psychosis or first episode schizophrenia, early psychosis or early schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychosisschi-zophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, psychosis NOS). Indication: Disordered gambling or pathological gambling or gambling disorder. Comparator: Adults with psychotic disorders who do not have disordered gambling or healthy controls. Outcome: Prevalence and correlates. To investigate these issues further, we systematically reviewed published studies that report an association between psychosis and disordered gambling. We aimed to summarize the rates and correlates of disordered gambling among people with psychotic illnesses. We hypothesized that the rates would be higher than seen in the general population. In keeping with reports on gambling in general, we also hypothesized that gambling disorder in psychosis would be associated with being male, younger age, lower education, and lower socio-economic status.
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Hausmann, Ricardo, and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. Foreign Direct Investment: Good Cholesterol? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010777.
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This paper studies the proposition that capital inflows tend to take the form of FDI -i.e., the share of FDI in total liabilities tends to be higher- in countries that are safer, more promising and with better institutions and policies. It finds that this view is patently wrong since it stands the historical record on its head. It then uses alternative theories to make sense of the facts. It begins by studying the determinants of the size and composition of the flows of private capital across countries. It finds that while capital flows tend to go to countries that are safer and have better institutions and financial markets, the share of FDI in total flows is not an indication of good health. On the contrary, countries that are riskier, less financially developed and have weaker institutions tend to attract less capital but more of it in the form of FDI. Hence, interpreting the rising share of FDI as a sign of good health is unwarranted. This is even more so, given that FDI's recent rise has taken place while total private capital inflows have fallen.
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Hoffmann, Bridget, Xiomara Pulido, and Diego A. Vera-Cossio. The Unequal Effect of Temperature on Test Scores: Evidence from Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004832.
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We investigate the unequal impact of environmental shocks on high-stakes test scores across income levels to document that climate change will exacerbate inequality. We show that low-income students systematically score lower than high-income students and also have greater exposure to extreme heat. We show that extreme temperatures in the week leading up to the exam reduce test scores only for low-income students, indicating one channel through which climate change will exacerbate inequality.
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Haider, Huma. Mainstreaming Institutional Resilience and Systems Strengthening in Donor Policies and Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.101.
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This rapid review synthesises evidence on key aspects of mainstreaming institutional resilience and systems strengthening in donor policies and programming in FCAS (Fragile and Conflict-affect States) contexts, particularly in nutrition (food security), health, WASH and the economic sector. Institutional resilience is the ability of a social system (society, community, organisation) to absorb and recover from external shocks, while positively adapting and transforming to address long-term changes and uncertainty. Investing in strong, well-functioning and adaptable social systems, such as health, education and social protection systems, can build resilience, as this help to cushion the negative economic and social effects of crises. While development actors have established guidance on how institutions can be made more effective, inclusive and accountable, there is much less literature on institutional resilience and how development actors can help to foster it. Much of the literature notes a lack of systematic evidence on applying the concept of resilience. These gaps extend to a dearth of guidance on how development actors can mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into their policies and programmes. This rapid review draws on common factors discussed in the literature that are considered important to the strengthening of resilience and particular systems. These may, in turn, provide an indication of ways in which to mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into development policy and programming
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Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich, and David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.
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Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmentally sensitive locations and applying site-specific amounts of nitrate fertilizer in a precision farming system. The long range objective of this study is to develop a fast, reliable, real-time nitrate sensor. The specific objective of this one year feasibility study was to explore the possible use of nitrate sensor based on mid-IR spectroscopy developed at UCD along with the silver halide fiber ATR (i.e. attenuated total internal reflection) sensor developed at TAU to detect nitrate content in solution and soil paste in the presence of interfering compounds. Experiments conducted at Technion and UCD clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting nitrate content in solutions as well as soil pastes using mid-IR spectroscopy and an ATR technique. When interfering compounds such as carbonates, bicarbonates, organic matter etc. are present special data analysis technique such as singular value decomposition (SYD) or cross correlation was necessary to detect nitrate concentrations successfully. Experiments conducted in Israel show that silver halide ATR fiber based FEWS, particularly flat FEWS, resulted in low standard error and high coefficient of determination (i.e. R² values) indicating the potential of the flat Fiberoptic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) for direct determinations of nitrate. Moreover, they found that it was possible to detect nitrate and other anion concentrations using anion exchange membranes and M1R spectroscopy. The combination of the ion-exchange membranes with fiberoptices offers one more option to direct determination of nitrate in environmental systems.
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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.
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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.