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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health services accessibility – Germany

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Academic literature on the topic 'Health services accessibility – Germany'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Health services accessibility – Germany"

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Neumeier, Stefan. "Regional Distribution of Ambulant Nursing Services in Germany. A GIS Accessibility Analysis." Raumforschung und Raumordnung 74, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-016-0409-4.

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Abstract In many rural areas in Europe a spatial concentrating of basic services can be observed due to interacting socioeconomic and demographic processes. At the European level, territorial cohesion policy aims at mitigating the consequences of this development. Additionally, in Germany, this development is a greatly discussed topic. However, little data exists at the country level on the dimensions and consequences of this spatial concentration process. This limitation makes it difficult to realistically assess the situation and identify the regions and basic services where intervention may be required. As a contribution to bridging this knowledge gap, we used a GIS accessibility analysis to analyse the regional distribution of ambulant nursing services throughout Germany and to estimate the availability of such services near patients’ places of residence. Ambulant nursing care is an important basic service of the German health care system; such services allow disabled or elderly people who are not able to fully care for themselves to stay in their homes and living environments. The analysis results lead us to conclude that although ambulant nursing services must cover greater distances to reach customers in rural areas, at present such services are nationally available in rural areas as well as in urban areas.

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Stankunas, Mindaugas, Mark Avery, Jutta Lindert, Ian Edwards, Mirko Di Rosa, Francisco Torres-Gonzalez, Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou, Henrique Barros, and Joaquim Soares. "Healthcare and aging: do European Union countries differ?" International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 29, no. 8 (October 10, 2016): 895–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-09-2015-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate socio-economic inequalities in the use, accessibility and satisfaction with health services amongst 60-84 year old people from seven European urban communities. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected in 2009. The target population was people aged 60-84 years from Stuttgart (Germany), Athens (Greece), Ancona (Italy), Kaunas (Lithuania), Porto (Portugal), Granada (Spain) and Stockholm (Sweden). The total sample comprised 4,467 respondents with a mean response rate across these countries of 45.2 per cent. Findings The study demonstrated that the majority of respondents had contact with a health care provider within the last 12 months. The highest percentages were reported by respondents from Spain (97.8 per cent) and Portugal (97.7 per cent). The results suggest that 13.0 per cent of respondents had refrained from seeking care services. The highest rates were amongst seniors from Lithuania (24.0 per cent), Germany (16.2 per cent) and Portugal (15.4 per cent). Logistic regression suggests that seniors who refrained from seeking health care was statistically significant associated with those with higher levels of education (odds ratios (OR)=1.21; 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI)=1.01-1.25) and financial strain (OR=1.26; 95 per cent CI=1.16-1.37). Furthermore, the majority of respondents were satisfied with health care services. Originality/value The findings from the “Elder Abuse: a multinational prevalence survey” study indicate the existence of significant variations in use, accessibility and satisfaction with health services by country and for socio-economic factors related to organizing and financing of care systems.

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Sochinskaya, M. V. "Features of health insurance: an analysis of the German experience." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (December 22, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-195-203.

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The article examines the models of health insurance in Western countries. A comparative analysis of forms of social insurance and sources of financing payments for four models of medical insurance is carried out. The practical aspects of the functioning of compulsory health insurance in Germany are investigated, its positive features are revealed. Attention is paid to medical insurance, which provides insurance in case of loss of health for any reason. It provides greater accessibility, quality and completeness to meet the diverse needs of the population in the provision of medical services, and is more effective than government funding of the health care system. In addition, the social and economic efficiency of health insurance related to reimbursement of citizens' expenses related to receiving medical care, as well as other expenses aimed at maintaining health, depends on how comprehensively the concept of developing insurance medicine in the country has been worked out. The positive and negative aspects of health insurance are analyzed. The forms of health insurance are considered: compulsory health insurance and voluntary health insurance. It was found that one of the first countries where health insurance was introduced was Germany. There are two types of health insurance in Germany: public and private. Germany's state health insurance is compulsory. That is, every employee, as well as persons trained in production (Auszubildende), are subject to compulsory state health insurance and must be members of one of their freely chosen state health insurance funds. At the same time, if a person wishes to receive medical services that are not included in the list of compulsory health insurance, he can conclude a supplementary health insurance contract with the insurance company. Voluntary health insurance allows you to choose an inpatient medical institution and the conditions of stay in it, special services of a personal physician.

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Biddle, Louise, Sandra Ziegler, Jenny Baron, Lea Flory, and Kayvan Bozorgmehr. "The patient journey of newly arrived asylum seekers and responsiveness of care: A qualitative study in Germany." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 24, 2022): e0270419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270419.

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Background Research on health and healthcare for asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) has focused strongly on accessibility and legal entitlements, with quality of care receiving little attention. This study aimed to assess responsiveness, as non-medical quality of care, in the narratives of ASR patients recently arrived in Germany. Methods 31 ASR with existing medical conditions were recruited in six refugee reception centres and three psychosocial centres. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted which reconstructed their patient journey after arrival in Germany. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and evaluated using thematic analysis. Results The experiences of participants throughout the patient journey provided a rich and varied description of the responsiveness of health services. Some dimensions of responsiveness, including respectful treatment, clear communication and trust, resurfaced throughout the narratives. These factors were prominent reasons for positive evaluations of the health system, and negative experiences were reported in their absence. Other dimensions, including cleanliness of facilities, autonomy of decision-making and choice of provider were raised seldomly. Positive experiences in Germany were often set in contrast to negative experiences in the participants’ countries of origin or during transit. Furthermore, many participants evaluated their experience with healthcare services in terms of the perceived technical quality of medical care rather than with reference to responsiveness. Conclusion This qualitative study among ASR analysed patient experiences to better understand responsiveness of care for this population. While our results show high overall satisfaction with health services in Germany, using the lens of responsiveness allowed us to identify particular policy areas where care can be strengthened further. These include in particular the expansion of high-quality interpreting services, provision of professional training to increase the competency of healthcare staff in caring for a diverse patient population, as well as an alignment between healthcare and asylum processes to promote continuity of care.

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Eickhoff, Christiane, Nina Griese-Mammen, Uta Mueller, André Said, and Martin Schulz. "Primary healthcare policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Germany." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2248.

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Germany is the highest populated country in Europe with a population of 82.3 million in 2019. As in many other developed countries, it has an aging population. Approximately 10% of the gross domestic product is spent on healthcare. The healthcare system is characterized by its accessibility. Patients are generally free to choose their primary care physicians, both family doctors and specialists, pharmacy, dentist, or emergency service. Up to a certain income, health insurance is mandatory with the statutory health insurance (SHI) system, covering 88% of the population. Major challenges are the lack of cooperation and integration between the different sectors and healthcare providers. This is expected to change with the introduction of a telematic infrastructure that is currently being implemented. It will not only connect all providers in primary and secondary care in a secure network but will also enable access to patients’ electronic record/medical data and at the same time switch from paper to electronic prescriptions. Approximately 52,000 of the 67,000 pharmacists are working in approximately 19,000 community pharmacies. These pharmacies are owner-operated by a pharmacist. Pharmacists may own up to three subsidiaries nearby to their main pharmacy. Community pharmacy practice mainly consists of dispensing drugs, counselling patients on drug therapy and safety, and giving advice on lifestyle and healthy living. Many cognitive pharmaceutical services have been developed and evaluated in the past 20 years. Discussions within the profession and with stakeholders on the national level on the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists have resulted in nationally agreed guidelines, curricula, and services. However, cognitive services remunerated by the SHI funds on the national level remain to be negotiated and sustainably implemented. A law passed in November 2020 by parliament will regulate the remuneration of pharmaceutical services by the SHI funds with an annual budget of EUR 150 million. The type of services and their remuneration remain to be negotiated in 2021. The profession has to continue on all levels to advocate for a change in pharmacy practice by introducing pharmacy services into routine care.

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KARPYSHYN, Nataliia, and Iryna SYDOR. "Financing of medical services: experience of foreign countries and Ukraine." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 8 (August 28, 2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.8.2.

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Introduction. Research into the sources of health care funding is necessary to develop an effective policy to improve the domestic health care system and improve the accessibility and quality of medical care. The purpose of the article is to assess the sources of funding of medical services in foreign countries and in Ukraine in order to identify and analise current trends and prospects for financing the domestic health care system in the implementation of health care reform. Results. An analysis of trends in the financing of health services in foreign countries has shown that there is a certain imbalance between the country's economic growth and its health care expenditures. The share of health services expenditures in GDP averaged 8.8 % or almost $ 4,000 per OECD citizen in 2018 y . This cost figure is 24 times higher than the per capita health care costs in Ukraine and can be a guide to the amount of funding for medicine in the world community. Citizens of OECD countries, unlike Ukrainians, pay an average of 21 % of all health care costs. The priority sources of funding for one group of countries are budget funds (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Great Britain, Canada), and for another – compulsory health insurance (Germany, Japan, France, etc.). Сonclusion. Funds of the population are the main source of funding for medical services in Ukraine – 53 %. This indicator is critical for the country, as low-income citizens are unable to pay for medical care and the number of chronic diseases, disability and mortality are increased. The transformational reform of the health care system in Ukraine was started in 2015 and according to international experts is successful and meets international practices of accessibility, quality and efficiency of medical services. Further consistent implementation of health care reform can provide financial protection for the population from excessive out-of-pocket spending, improve access to health care, and improve public health.

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Lee, Susan, Sophie E. Gross, Holger Pfaff, and Antje Dresen. "Differences in Perceived Waiting Time by Health Insurance Type in the Inpatient Sector: An Analysis of Patients With Breast Cancer in Germany." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 (January 2019): 004695801987589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958019875897.

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Although the relationship between health insurance and waiting time has been established in the ambulatory sector in Germany, research in the inpatient sector is limited. This study aims to contribute to previous work through analyzing differences in perceived waiting time by health insurance type during the inpatient stays of patients with breast cancer in Germany. This study utilizes cross-sectional data from 2017 of patients with breast cancer (N = 4626) who underwent primary breast cancer surgery in a certified breast care center in Germany. Results from multilevel logistic regression models indicate a significant effect of health insurance status on perceived waiting time, net of other relevant factors (patient’s sociodemographic background, Union for International Cancer Control stage, grading, self-reported and classified health, type of surgery, and chemotherapy). Patients with statutory insurance were significantly more likely than privately insured patients to report long waiting times for examinations/procedures, discharge, and to speak with the physician. There were no significant differences in waiting time for nursing staff between private and statutory insurance holders. Results align with previous findings in the ambulatory sector and suggest a private health insurance advantage, with private patients receiving priority to some health care services. Disparities in health care accessibility and quality need to continue to be addressed and discussed, as well as the impact of health insurance type on other indicators of health.

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Fristedt, Sofi, Anna Wanka, and Neil Charness. "User Involvement in Research on Aging and Health: Creating Knowledge and Technologies With Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2989.

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Abstract Although, user involvement is largely recognized as instrumental when developing relevant knowledge, services as well as products - aging populations are still likely to be sparsely involved in such processes. Surprisingly, many gerontechnologies are still developed based on a technological perspective rather than a gerontological perspective. Consequently, age-related changes as well as needs, actual use or perceptions of older adults are disregarded or neglected. Similar problems apply to public and private environments with potentially negative implications on accessibility. The present symposium includes four presentations that address user involvement, by capturing older adults’ and aging populations’ use as well as perceptions of emerging technologies, successful development of gerontechnologies, and a multigenerational mass-experiment on housing accessibility in later life. The first study from Germany captures the everyday situation of smartphone use as well as aspects of user experience, affect and social context among older adults. The second study addresses perceptions and attitudes of three generations in Sweden related to continuous technological advancement of products intended to support active and healthy aging. The third presentation will describe the iterative development process of the 2020 mass-experiment – the Housing Experiment -- involving older adults, stakeholders in the housing sector, teachers and pupils in Sweden. The fourth presentation from Canada explores the benefits, challenges, and solutions to support older adult engagement in research that leads to the successful development of technologies for and with older adults. Finally, our discussant will further elaborate on the respective study findings and summarize the symposium.

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Apolinário-Hagen, Jennifer, Viktor Vehreschild, and Ramez M. Alkoudmani. "Current Views and Perspectives on E-Mental Health: An Exploratory Survey Study for Understanding Public Attitudes Toward Internet-Based Psychotherapy in Germany." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.6375.

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Background Despite the advanced development of evidence-based psychological treatment services, help-seeking persons with mental health problems often fail to receive appropriate professional help. Internet-delivered psychotherapy has thus been suggested as an efficient strategy to overcome barriers to access mental health care on a large scale. However, previous research indicated poor public acceptability as an issue for the dissemination of Internet-delivered therapies. Currently, little is known about the expectations and attitudes toward Internet-delivered therapies in the general population. This is especially the case for countries such as Germany where electronic mental health (e-mental health) treatment services are planned to be implemented in routine care. Objective This pilot study aimed to determine the expectations and attitudes toward Internet-based psychotherapy in the general population in Germany. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the associations between attitudes toward Internet-based therapies and perceived stress. Methods To assess public attitudes toward Internet-based psychotherapy, we conducted both Web-based and paper-and-pencil surveys using a self-developed 14-item questionnaire (Cronbach alpha=.89). Psychological distress was measured by employing a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the 20-item German version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). In addition, we conducted explorative factor analysis (principal axis factor analysis with promax rotation). Spearman’s rank correlations were used to determine the associations between attitudes toward Internet-based therapies and perceived stress. Results Descriptive analyses revealed that most respondents (N=1558; female: 78.95%, 1230/1558) indicated being not aware of the existence of Internet-delivered therapies (83.46%, 1141/1367). The average age was 32 years (standard deviation, SD 10.9; range 16-76). Through exploratory factor analysis, we identified 3 dimensions of public attitudes toward Internet-based therapies, which we labeled “usefulness or helpfulness,” “relative advantage or comparability,” and “accessibility or access to health care.” Analyses revealed negative views about Internet-based therapies on most domains, such as perceived helpfulness. The study findings further indicated ambivalent attitudes: Although most respondents agreed to statements on expected improvements in health care (eg, expanded access), we observed low intentions to future use of Internet-delivered therapies in case of mental health problems. Conclusions This pilot study showed deficient “e-awareness” and rather negative or ambivalent attitudes toward Internet-delivered therapies in the German-speaking general population. However, research targeting determinants of the large-scale adoption of Internet-based psychotherapy is still in its infancy. Thus, further research is required to explore the “black box” of public attitudes toward Internet-delivered therapies with representative samples, validated measures, and longitudinal survey designs.

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Callander, Emily J., Lisa Corscadden, and Jean-Frederic Levesque. "Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure and chronic disease – do Australians forgo care because of the cost?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 1 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16005.

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Although we do know that out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure is relatively high in Australia, little is known about what health conditions are associated with the highest out-of-pocket expenditure, and whether the cost of healthcare acts as a barrier to care for people with different chronic conditions. Cross-sectional analysis using linear and logistic regression models applied to the Commonwealth Fund international health policy survey of adults aged 18 years and over was conducted in 2013. Adults with asthma, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had 109% higher household out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure than did those with no health condition (95% CI: 50–193%); and adults with depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions had 95% higher household out-of-pocket expenditure (95% CI: 33–187%). People with a chronic condition were also more likely to forego care because of cost. People with depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions had 7.65 times higher odds of skipping healthcare (95% CI: 4.13–14.20), and people with asthma, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had 6.16 times higher odds of skipping healthcare (95% CI: 3.30–11.50) than did people with no health condition. People with chronic health conditions in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland were all significantly less likely to skip healthcare because of cost than were people with a condition in Australia. The out-of-pocket cost of healthcare in Australia acts as a barrier to accessing treatment for people with chronic health conditions, with people with mental health conditions being likely to skip care. Attention should be given to the accessibility and affordability of mental health services in Australia.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health services accessibility – Germany"

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Bowerman, Robert Lorne. "Evaluating and improving the accessibility of primary health care services." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22192.pdf.

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Sansourekidou, Patricia. "Accessibility of Innovative Services in Radiation Oncology." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7738.

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The field of radiation oncology (RO) involves the use of highly advanced techniques to treat cancer and safely spare healthy organs. The discipline has experienced rapid growth in the past 25 years, with technological advancement as the driving force. Available data and an instrument to effectively measure the accessibility of innovation in the field were lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accessibility of innovative services in RO in the United States and assess possible diffusion patterns. Two hundred and forty medical physicists practicing in RO in the United States completed a custom Internet-based survey. The diffusion of innovation theory was used as the theoretical framework for the study. A quantitative cross-sectional analysis was performed to assess how innovation scores may vary depending on individual and organizational factors. ANOVA, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. University affiliation, urbanicity, appreciation, and motivation were found to be statistically significant factors affecting accessibility to innovative services. Statistically significant barriers preventing innovation were lack of evidence, increased complexity, staffing constraints, lack of interest from others, lack of interoperability, and lack of reimbursement. Medical physicists are in a leadership position to influence the adoption of innovative services in RO. Encouraging the utilization of innovative and Food and Drug Administration-approved techniques may improve cancer outcomes and consequently have a positive social change effect on public health.

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Reynolds, Gillian. "Accessibility and consumer knowledge of services for deaf adolescents." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1977.

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The percentage of deaf and hard of hearing people who need mental health crisis services is similar to the percentage of the general population needing such services. Yet, coordinated mental services for deaf and hard of hearing individuals are virtually nonexistent. People who are deaf and hard of hearing, like everyone else, find themselves, from time to time, in need of mental health services.

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Scalli, Leanne Elizabeth. "Accessibility to Health Care Services for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5522.

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The study was an investigation into health care accessibility for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) following the transition to a private Medicaid system in the state of Florida. Pilot studies of managed Medicaid programs focused on costs and did not address how changes to the system impacted access to health care services. There were limited studies designed to understand how a change in the system, such as a privatization, would affect vulnerable populations such as young children with ASD. Additional concerns existed for children that were historically underserved by the health care system such as African American and Latino children because they typically had more difficulty accessing health care services in general. A modified version of the Consumer Assessment of Health Providers and System (CAHPS) Survey 4.0 was used in this study. The modifications to the survey included reducing the number of survey questions and adding open-ended questions. 86 participants were recruited from local organizations that supported children and families affected by ASD. Findings generated using nonparametric tests such as the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square revealed delays in accessing therapeutic health care services that were pervasive in both private and public insurance groups. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis indicated that participants did not view their difficulties in accessing therapeutic health care services as related to race or ethnicity. Limitations of the study included the modifications made to the survey instrument. Implications for positive social change include a better understanding of the scope of the issue of therapeutic health care access for those advocating on behalf of children and families affected by autism.

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Mayanja, Rehema. "Decentralized health care services delivery in selected districts in Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Decentralization of health services in Uganda, driven by the structural adjustment programme of the World Bank, was embraced by government as a means to change the health institutional structure and process delivery of health services in the country. Arising from the decentralization process, the transfer of power concerning functions from the top administrative hierachy in health service provision to lower levels, constitutes a major shift in management, philosophy, infrastructure development, communication as well as other functional roles by actors at various levels of health care. This study focused its investigation on ways and levels to which the process of decentralization of health service delivery has attained efficient and effective provision of health services. The study also examined the extent to which the shift of health service provision has influenced the role of local jurisdictions and communities. Challenges faced by local government leaders in planning and raising funds in response to decentralized health serdelivery were examined.

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LaRoche, Kathryn J. "The Availability, Accessibility, and Provision of Post-Abortion Support Services in Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32786.

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In a study we conducted with Ontarian women about their abortion experiences (OAS), one third of participants expressed a desire for post-abortion support. Yet, there is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that organizations offering these services are using judgmental frameworks. In order to rigorously investigate this, we explored what post-abortion support services are offered across the province of Ontario. This multi-methods study included an analysis of OAS data, creating a directory of post-abortion support services in the province, conducting an analysis of how these services represent themselves online, and carrying out mystery client interactions. We found that the majority of organizations offering post-abortion support services in Ontario are crisis pregnancy centers. The services offered at these organizations are built upon frameworks that are both shaming and stigmatizing of abortion experiences. Efforts to increase the online visibility and overall accessibility of non-judgmental, medically accurate post-abortion support services in Ontario appear warranted.

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Rangel, Carlos Felix Garrocho. "The accessibility and utilization of public paediatric services in Toluca, Mexico." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304296.

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Nteta, Thembi Pauline. "Accessibility and utilization of the primary health care services in Tshwane Region." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/237.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2009.
Background Primary Health Care is a basic mechanism that brings healthcare as close as possible to the people. In South Africa, it is seen as a cost effective means of improving the health of the population. It is provided free of charge by the government. This service should be accessible to the population so as to meet the millennium health goals. Aims The aims and objectives of the study were: • To investigate whether Primary Health Care services were accessible to the communities of Tshwane Region. • To determine the utilization of the health care services in the three Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region. Methodology Data were collected at the three Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region using self-administered questionnaires. A document review of the Community Health Care centres records was conducted to investigate the utilization trends of services. Descriptive statistics were used. The analysis was based on the information that was elicited from the questionnaires that the people who utilize the Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region provided. The extracted data emanating from the records from the three centres were also used. Results The study demonstrated that in terms of distance, the Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region are accessible as most participants lived within 5km. They traveled 30 minutes or less to the clinic. The taxi and walking was the most common form used to access the clinic. The services were utilized with the Tuberculosis clinic being the most visited. Generally, people were satisfied with the service and their health needs are met. Conclusion The Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region are accessible and utilized effectively. Key words: Primary Health Care, accessibility, utilization.

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Liu, Xiaohui, and 刘晓辉. "Change in access to health care in Guangzhou, 1990-2009." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4517328X.

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Christian, Carmen Sue. "Access in the South African public health system: factors that influenced access to health care in the South African public sector during the last decade." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4211.

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Magister Commercii - MCom
The aim of this mini-thesis is to investigate the factors linked to access in the South African public health sector - using General Household Survey Data - in order to contribute to a better understanding of the role of access in achieving the National Department of Health’s primary goal of universal coverage. Even though the multi-dimensional interpretation of health system performance has gained acceptance and traction in recent years, much of the research linked to it remains supply-focused. The implicit truth is that demand-side health issues are largely ignored, under-researched and ominously absent from health policies. This is particularly true with regard to the access dimension of health performance, where research and policy focus almost exclusively on availability and affordability perspectives of access while neglecting demand-side aspects of health-seeking behaviour, such as acceptability. The study, therefore, pursues an in-depth exploration of access across its three dimensions - availability, affordability and acceptability - in the South African public health sector and aims to empirically investigate access to public health care from 2002 to 2012. It also identifies the underlying reasons for the observed trends, supplementing and reorienting the current understanding of access to public health care. The empirical findings reveal mixed results: it supports current literature by suggesting that equity has been achieved in terms of making public health care services more affordable, especially for the most vulnerable groups of South African society. However, acceptability and availability issues persist. It is safe to say that the availability of public health care – mainly a supply-side issue – is being addressed in the South African context with Government taking steps to address it. Unfortunately the same attention has not been given to issues of acceptability on the demand-side. Failure to fully understand the demand-side dimension of access and the role health-seeking behaviour plays in public health issues threatens to weaken health policies aimed at improving access. It is imperative that demand-side aspects of health-seeking behaviour and institutional responsiveness to health-demand occupy a more prominent role in South African public health debates, research and policy.

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Books on the topic "Health services accessibility – Germany"

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Kray, Ralph, Adele Diederich, Christoph Koch, and Rainer Sibbel. Priorisierte Medizin: Ausweg oder Sackgasse der Gesundheitsgesellschaft? Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011.

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Voigtländer, Sven. Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit: Der Beitrag kontextueller Merkmale. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.

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Migrants and health: Political and institutional responses to cultural diversity in health systems. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2011.

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Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen. 4th ed. Berlin: Springer, 2012.

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Gesundheit und Krankheit im Spiegel von Petitionen an den Landtag von Baden-Württemberg 1946 bis 1980. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2011.

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1954-, Ratajczak Thomas, Schwarz-Schilling G, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rechtsanwälte im Medizinrecht, and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rechtsanwälte im Medizinrecht. Kölner Symposium, eds. Medizinische Notwendigkeit und Ethik: Gesundheitschancen in Zeiten der Ressourcenknappheit. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Monitoring Access to Personal Health Care Services. Access to health care in America: Summary. Edited by Millman Michael L. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1993.

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N, Kristiansen Magnus, ed. Topics in aging research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Unit, Uganda Health Planning, ed. Health facility inventory and access to health services, Uganda, 1992. Entebbe, Uganda: Health Planning Unit, Ministry of Health, 1993.

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Ichirō, Kawachi, and Berkman Lisa F, eds. Neighborhoods and health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health services accessibility – Germany"

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Lätzsch, Cornelius. "Dimensions of Health Care and Social Services Accessibility for Disabled Asylum Seekers in Germany." In Health in Diversity – Diversity in Health, 51–75. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29177-8_4.

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Schulz, Michael. "Mental health services in Germany." In Mental Health Services in Europe, 97–120. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781846198274-4.

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Hyman, Stanley. "Hospital Supplies in West Germany." In Supplies Management for Health Services, 204–8. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280231-15.

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Wu, Juhua, Zhenyi Zhao, Shunjun Jiang, and Lei Tao. "The Research on Spatial Accessibility to Healthcare Services Resources in Tianhe, Guangzhou." In Smart Health, 96–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34482-5_9.

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Acosta-Vargas, Patricia, Paula Hidalgo, Gloria Acosta-Vargas, Mario Gonzalez, Javier Guaña-Moya, and Belén Salvador-Acosta. "Challenges and Improvements in Website Accessibility for Health Services." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 875–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39512-4_134.

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Adamski, Marcin, Maciej Bogdański, Mikołaj Buchwald, Ludo Cuypers, Kinga Ćwiklińska, Michał Kosiedowski, Marcin Wieczorek, and Sergiusz Zieliński. "Application of a Comprehensive and Extendable Package of Personalizable Digital Services in Supporting Healthy Ageing." In ICT for Health, Accessibility and Wellbeing, 31–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94209-0_3.

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Donath, Carolin, Gudrun Ulbrecht, Hannes Grau, Elmar Graessel, Larissa Schwarzkopf, Petra Menn, Simone Kunz, and Rolf Holle. "Health Services Utilization by Community-Dwelling Dementia Patients and Their Family Caregivers." In Health Care Utilization in Germany, 193–219. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9191-0_11.

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Bormann, Cornelia, and Enno Swart. "Utilization of Medical Services in Germany—Outline of Statutory Health Insurance System (SHI)." In Health Care Utilization in Germany, 29–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9191-0_3.

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Klein, Jens, Kerstin Hofreuter-Gätgens, and Olaf von dem Knesebeck. "Socioeconomic Status and the Utilization of Health Services in Germany: A Systematic Review." In Health Care Utilization in Germany, 117–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9191-0_8.

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Shrestha, Binjwala. "20. Mobility and accessibility to health services in rural Nepal." In Gender, Roads, and Mobility in Asia, 205–13. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440507.020.

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Conference papers on the topic "Health services accessibility – Germany"

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Stanković, Ana, and Hrvoje Stančić. "Development of Health Care e-Services in the European Union." In INFuture2015: e-Institutions – Openness, Accessibility, and Preservation. Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/infuture.2015.33.

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Fan, Tao, Ying Sun, and Xuhe Xie. "Accessibility Analysis of Hospitals Medical Services in Urban Modernization." In ICMHI 2020: 2020 4th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3418094.3418101.

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Ladapo, Taiwo, Sanjay Wazir Pandita, and Abiodun Adu. "219 Accessibility of child health care services during a national lock-down: a parental survey." In RCPCH Conference Singapore. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-rcpch.118.

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Ursache (m. Dumitriu), Simona-Andreea, Ionel Muntele, Marinela Istrate, and Mihaela Orlanda Antonovici (Munteanu). "PERMANENT MEDICAL CENTERS – PREMISES FOR INCREASING ACCESSIBILITY TO HEALTH SERVICES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES (IASI COUNTY)." In 7th International Scientific Conference GEOBALCANICA 2021. Geobalcanica Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp210173u.

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Zhu, Xiaoning, and Siqi Chen. "Study on the Construction of Evaluation Dimensions of Accessibility of Basic Public Health Services in China." In 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.092.

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Soontorn, Thassanee, Praditporn Pongtraing, and Orapan Thosigha. "PW 1235 The accessibility of public health services in elderly with functional dependence during emergency illness." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.686.

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Zahnd, Whitney E., Sara McLafferty, Recinda Sherman, Susan Farner, Hillary Klonoff-Cohen, and Karin Rosenblatt. "Abstract C87: Spatial accessibility to mammography services in the Lower Mississippi Delta states." In Abstracts: Tenth AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 25-28, 2017; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp17-c87.

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"A Multiple Deprivation Index and Its Relation to Health Services Accessibility in a Rural Area of Ecuador." In GI_Forum 2014 - Geospatial Innovation for Society. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/giscience2014s188.

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Coker, Mosunmola, and Wahab Bolanle. "Nature connectedness and ecosystem services towards urban planning for residents' health in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/uqhk5098.

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In the urban context, nature is not entirely devoid of human influence or inaccessible to man, rather, nature exists in urban areas and does not only survive the influence of man but also depends on it. An individual’s subjective sense of their relationship with the places of nature within a city explains the concept of nature- connectedness. In the wake of rapid urbanization around the world, spaces of natural features in urban areas have been constantly overtaken by the developments and activities of man. There is a link between the number of ecosystem services provided by the mapped natural features and residents’ nature connectedness in the Lagos Metropolis. To understand this, spaces of natural features in the Lagos metropolis have to be examined with focus on how it is environmentally safe, how it improves human health and also the level of its accessibility to the residents. To improve health and well-being, there is need to strengthen the evidence of how nature affects health and promote preventative health contribution made by protected areas and elements of urban nature.

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Petrie, Helen, and Mitchell Wakefield. "Remote Moderated and Unmoderated Evaluation by Users with Visual Disabilities of an Online Registration and Authentication System for Health Services." In DSAI 2020: 9th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3439231.3439248.

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Reports on the topic "Health services accessibility – Germany"

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Mason, Dyana, and Miranda Menard. The Impact of Ride Hail Services on the Accessibility of Nonprofit Services. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.260.

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Nonprofit organizations are responsible for providing a significant level of human services across the United States, often in collaboration with government agencies. In this work, they address some of the most pressing social issues in society – including homelessness, poverty, health care and education. While many of these organizations consider location and accessibility crucial to supporting their clients – often locating services near bus or train stops, for example – little is known about the impact of new technologies, including ride hail services like Lyft and Uber, on nonprofit accessibility. These technologies, which are re-shaping transportation in both urban and suburban communities, are expected to dramatically shift how people move around and the accessibility of services they seek. This exploratory qualitative study, making use of interviews with nonprofit executives and nonprofit clients, is among the first of its kind to measure the impact of ride hail services and other emerging technologies on community mobility and accessibility.

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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.

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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries

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Agarwal, Smisha, Madhu Jalan, Holly C. Wilcox, Ritu Sharma, Rachel Hill, Emily Pantalone, Johannes Thrul, Jacob C. Rainey, and Karen A. Robinson. Evaluation of Mental Health Mobile Applications. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb41.

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Background. Mental health mobile applications (apps) have the potential to expand the provision of mental health and wellness services to traditionally underserved populations. There is a lack of guidance on how to choose wisely from the thousands of mental health apps without clear evidence of safety, efficacy, and consumer protections. Purpose. This Technical Brief proposes a framework to assess mental health mobile applications with the aim to facilitate selection of apps. The results of applying the framework will yield summary statements on the strengths and limitations of the apps and are intended for use by providers and patients/caregivers. Methods. We reviewed systematic reviews of mental health apps and reviewed published and gray literature on mental health app frameworks, and we conducted four Key Informant group discussions to identify gaps in existing mental health frameworks and key framework criteria. These reviews and discussions informed the development of a draft framework to assess mental health apps. Iterative testing and refinement of the framework was done in seven successive rounds through double application of the framework to a total of 45 apps. Items in the framework with an interrater reliability under 90 percent were discussed among the evaluation team for revisions of the framework or guidance. Findings. Our review of the existing frameworks identified gaps in the assessment of risks that users may face from apps, such as privacy and security disclosures and regulatory safeguards to protect the users. Key Informant discussions identified priority criteria to include in the framework, including safety and efficacy of mental health apps. We developed the Framework to Assist Stakeholders in Technology Evaluation for Recovery (FASTER) to Mental Health and Wellness and it comprises three sections: Section 1. Risks and Mitigation Strategies, assesses the integrity and risk profile of the app; Section 2. Function, focuses on descriptive aspects related to accessibility, costs, organizational credibility, evidence and clinical foundation, privacy/security, usability, functions for remote monitoring of the user, access to crisis services, and artificial intelligence (AI); and Section 3. Mental Health App Features, focuses on specific mental health app features, such as journaling and mood tracking. Conclusion. FASTER may be used to help appraise and select mental health mobile apps. Future application, testing, and refinements may be required to determine the framework’s suitability and reliability across multiple mental health conditions, as well as to account for the rapidly expanding applications of AI, gamification, and other new technology approaches.

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Heyns,, Christof, Rachel Jewkes,, Sandra Liebenberg,, and Christopher Mbazira,. The Hidden Crisis: Mental Health on Times of Covid-19. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0066.

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[This Report links with the video "The policy & practice of drug, alcohol & tobacco use during Covid-19" http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11911/171 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic is most notably a physical health crisis, but it strongly affects mental health as well. Social isolation, job and financial losses, uncertainty about the real impact of the crisis, and fear for physical well-being affect the mental health of many people worldwide. These stressors can increase emotional distress and lead to depression and anxiety disorders. At the same time, there are enormous challenges on the health care side. People in need of mental health support have been increasingly confronted with limitations and interruptions of mental health services in many countries. In May 2020, the United Nations already warned that the COVID-19 pandemic has the seeds of a major mental health crisis if action is not taken. The panel discussed and analysed mental health in times of the COVID-19 pandemic with reference to South Africa, Nigeria, Germany and Spain.

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Toloo, Sam, Ruvini Hettiarachchi, David Lim, and Katie Wilson. Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings. Queensland University of Technology, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227473.

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Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel

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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.

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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.

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Testing a community-based distribution approach to reproductive health service delivery in Senegal (a study of community agents in Kébémer). Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh17.1010.

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The Division of Reproductive Health (DSR) of the Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, in partnership with the Population Council’s FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health program and Management Sciences for Health (MSH), conducted a study to test and compare three ways of providing reproductive health services to rural communities in the Kébémer district of Senegal in terms of their effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness. FRONTIERS and MSH collaborated with the DSR to design the interventions, MSH supported the DSR in implementing the interventions, and FRONTIERS undertook the evaluation. This study, funded by USAID, responded to the recommendations of a 1999 workshop, organized by FRONTIERS and the DSR, on the community-based distribution (CBD) approach, which defined alternative CBD models appropriate for Senegal. The DSR sees the development of community-based service delivery models as essential for the future of health care in Senegal. As noted in this report, the general objective of the study was to contribute to the development of an integrated cost-effective program to increase the accessibility and availability of reproductive health information and services in rural areas of Senegal.

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The Youth Empowerment Project: Strengthening NGO Management, Research and Service Delivery Capabilities in Botswana. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1997.1001.

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In an expansion of its efforts to fight a growing HIV epidemic and high teenage pregnancy rates, the Government of Botswana is encouraging nongovernmental organizations (NG0s) to be more active in providing reproductive health (RH) services, and especially HIV/AIDS education and care, to adolescents. NG0s have the potential to assume a larger role as health and education providers as well as implement pilot projects that the public health sector could learn from to increase the availability and quality of RH services for youth. The Africa OR/TA Project II designed and implemented the Youth Empowerment Project (YEP) to assist youth-oriented NG0s in taking on greater responsibility for adolescent RH and education in Botswana. YEP was part of USAID's Botswana Population Sector Assistance Project that assisted the Government of Botswana in improving the accessibility and effectiveness of RH care provided by the public and NGO sectors. This report describes YEP’s focus on strengthening the management and service delivery capabilities of the participating NG0s.

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District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Kanpur. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1008.

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The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) with financial support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has sponsored the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency, Lucknow). The project aims to reduce fertility through increasing accessibility, improving quality, and generating demand for family planning services. It attempts to achieve its objectives by supporting service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sector and through social marketing of contraceptives. These intervention strategies are expected to increase the couple protection rate of the state in general and of Kanpur Nagar in particular. One of the prerequisites is to carry out a baseline survey in selected districts of Uttar Pradesh. The BSUP is primarily a household survey with an overall target sample size of 37,000 ever married women ages 13–49 years. The Population Council has collaborated with a number of Indian Consulting Organizations (COs) for survey implementation. Each CO has carried out the survey in one or more districts. The baseline survey was initiated in 15 out of the state’s 63 districts. This report pertains to district Kanpur Nagar.

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District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Jalaun. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1005.

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The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has sponsored the Innovations in Family Planning Services (IFPS) Project under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency, Lucknow. The project aims to reduce fertility by increasing accessibility, improving quality, and generating demand for family planning services. The project attempts to achieve its objectives by supporting service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sector, and through social marketing of contraceptives. These intervention strategies are expected to increase the couple protection rate of the state in general and of Jalaun in particular. One of the prerequisites is to carry out a baseline survey in selected districts of Uttar Pradesh. The BSUP is primarily a household survey with an overall target sample size of 37,000 ever-married women ages 13–49 years. The Population Council has collaborated with a number of Indian Consulting Organizations (COs) for survey implementation. Each CO has carried out the survey in one or more districts. The baseline survey was initiated in 15 out of the state’s 63 districts. This reports pertains to the district of Jalaun.

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