Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health service availability

Academic literature on the topic 'Health service availability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Health service availability"

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Immonen, Mika, Jyri Vilko, Jouni Koivuniemi, and Kaisu Laasonen. "Outcomes of public health reform – service availability in rural areas." International Journal of Public Sector Management 28, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-03-2014-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the availability and demanded locations of health care services in a rural context. The authors analyse subjective experiences because mobility and other individual factors influence the availability of public services. Design/methodology/approach – Results from a mail survey in southeastern Finland are presented. Data collection was conducted using a random sample of 3,000 people from age 60 to 90 years. A total of 1,121 valid responses were received. Findings – The acceptable distance to service sites depends on learned behaviour where differences exist between suburban and rural residents. The authors found that service networks can be sparser in rural areas if the service sites are located in the daily activity space of the residents and travel burdens caused by distance and time are adequately solved. However, continuous downscaling of the provision may lead to the loss of health benefits which is harmful for individuals and expensive for society. Research limitations/implications – Further research should assess a broader variety of residential areas from the perspective of service availability. The results presented do not enable a direct comparison of the service availability between cities and sparsely populated rural areas. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the debate on access barriers to public service in rural regions. The question of availability of public services is topical because increasing overall demand requires urgent productivity improvements in public services. Currently this is solved by centralisation to search economies of scale.
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van Spijker, Bregje A., Jose A. Salinas-Perez, John Mendoza, Tanya Bell, Nasser Bagheri, Mary Anne Furst, Julia Reynolds, et al. "Service availability and capacity in rural mental health in Australia: Analysing gaps using an Integrated Mental Health Atlas." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 10 (June 28, 2019): 1000–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419857809.

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Objective: Access to services and workforce shortages are major challenges in rural areas worldwide. In order to improve access to mental health care, it is imperative to understand what services are available, what their capacity is and where existing funds might be spent to increase availability and accessibility. The aim of this study is to investigate mental health service provision in a selection of rural and remote areas across Australia by analysing service availability, placement capacity and diversity. Method: This research studies the health regions of Western New South Wales and Country Western Australia and their nine health areas. Service provision was analysed using the DESDE-LTC system for long-term care service description and classification that allows international comparison. Rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated to compare the care availability and placement capacity for children and adolescents, adults and older adults. Results: The lowest diversity was found in northern Western Australia. Overall, Western New South Wales had a higher availability of non-acute outpatient services for adults, but hardly any acute outpatient services. In Country Western Australia, substantially fewer non-acute outpatient services were found, while acute services were much more common. Acute inpatient care services were more common in Western New South Wales, while sub-acute inpatient services and non-acute day care services were only found in Western New South Wales. Conclusion: The number and span of services in the two regions showed discrepancies both within and between regions, raising issues on the equity of access to mental health care in Australia. The standard description of the local pattern of rural mental health care and its comparison across jurisdictions is critical for evidence-informed policy planning and resource allocation.
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Sadali, Mohammad Isnaini, Raden Rijanta, Lutfi Mutaali, and Andri Kurniawan. "Study of the service functions of health facilities in Yogyakarta Special Province." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132507006.

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The provision of public service facilities in settlement and regional environments is the right of the community to support a decent life and livelihood also to improve the quality of life. Therefore, the availability of health facilities must be considered so that every Indonesian can obtain their right to health services. This study aims to analyze the availability of health service facilities and the service function of health facilities in Yogyakarta Special Province. As a differentiator with previous research, the researcher conducted a analyze comprehensively by combining analysis of the centrality index and the service function to determine the hierarchy of health service centers. The location of this research is in the Yogyakarta Special Province with the smallest area analysis unit is the sub-district. The results showed that the availability of low order goods health service facilities was generally fulfilled in all sub-districts of Yogyakarta Special Province. Cities are still areas of high concentration of health services, this is reinforced by the highest centrality index and hierarchy of health facilities in Yogyakarta City.
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Gasparini, Carlos Eduardo, and Francisco S. Ramos. "Relative deficit of health services in Brazilian states and regions." Brazilian Review of Econometrics 24, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/bre.v24n12004.2704.

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The paper analyzes the allocation of health services to Brazilian states and regions. A relative service deficit indicator is constructed to achieve that goal, using equity-based criteria, which means equality of access for equal need. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the best service availability frontier for equal need. The results show great differences in the availability of health services among Brazilian states and regions. In regional terms, the situation of the South is the best one, whereas the North experiences the worst deficit of health services. These disparities highlight the importance of deficit assessment as an instrument to guide public action, especially in the Brazilian context, where the coverage and availability of health services is a constitutional rule.
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Whaley, Christopher, Jennifer Schneider Chafen, Sophie Pinkard, Gabriella Kellerman, Dena Bravata, Robert Kocher, and Neeraj Sood. "Association Between Availability of Health Service Prices and Payments for These Services." JAMA 312, no. 16 (October 22, 2014): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.13373.

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Pay, Dece Mery Natalia, Mindo Sinaga, and Marthen R. Pelokilla. "Utilization of Health Operational Assistance (BOK) in Nutrition Services in Public Health Center." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 12, no. 2 (March 14, 2017): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v12i2.6045.

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Since BOK was launched in 2010, BOK utilization rate continued to increase while the NTT provincial nutrition service coverage did not increase, until 2013. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between the availability of operational funds, the availability of human resources, officers knowledge, infrastructure support, heads support and the appropriateness of fund utilization using BOK in nutritional services. This was a quantitative research which supported by a qualitative, cross-sectional design in 2015. The total sample of 250 health workers in 26 health centers of North Central Timor regency was included in this study. Data analysis was done using descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses. The results of the bivariate analysis using chi square test showed an association of (p <0.05) the availability of human resources (p = 0.017), officers knowledge (p = 0.000), infrastructure support (p = 0.004), heads support (p = 0.000) and the appropriateness of BOK fund utilization (p = 0.000) with the use of BOK in nutritional services. Meanwhile, the availability of operational funds is not associated with the use of BOK in nutritional services. Multivariate analysis showed that health centers with adequate human resources availability are seven times more likely to take advantage and make a good use of the nutritional services using BOK compared to health centers with the lack of human resources, after the infrastructure and head variable controlled. The government is required to provide adequate human resources, including financial administrative personnel and operational funding for health centers to optimize nutritional services. The government also needs to monitor the use of funds regularly and tiered to improve service coverage at the health center.
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Acharya, Kiran, Raj Kumar Subedi, Sushma Dahal, and Rajendra Karkee. "Basic emergency obstetric and newborn care service availability and readiness in Nepal: Analysis of the 2015 Nepal Health Facility Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 21, 2021): e0254561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254561.

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Background Achieving maternal and newborn related Sustainable Development Goals targets is challenging for Nepal, mainly due to poor quality of maternity services. In this context, we aim to assess the Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) service availability and readiness in health facilities in Nepal by analyzing data from Nepal Health Facility Survey (NHFS), 2015. Methods We utilized cross-sectional data from the nationally representative NHFS, 2015. Service availability was measured by seven signal functions of BEmONC, and service readiness by the availability and functioning of supportive items categorized into three domains: staff and guidelines, diagnostic equipment, and basic medicine and commodities. We used the World Health Organization’s service availability and readiness indicators to estimate the readiness scores. We performed a multiple linear regression to identify important factors in the readiness of the health facilities to provide BEmONC services. Results The BEmONC service readiness score was significantly higher in public hospitals compared with private hospitals and peripheral public health facilities. Significant factors associated with service readiness score were the facility type (14.69 points higher in public hospitals, P<0.001), number of service delivery staff (2.49 points increase per each additional delivery staff, P<0.001), the service hours (4.89 points higher in facilities offering 24-hour services, P = 0.01) and status of periodic review of maternal and newborn deaths (4.88 points higher in facilities that conducted periodic review, P = 0.043). Conclusions These findings suggest that BEmONC services in Nepal could be improved by increasing the number of service delivery staff, expanding service hours to 24-hours a day, and conducting periodic review of maternal and newborn deaths at health facilities, mainly in the peripheral public health facilities. The private hospitals need to be encouraged for BEmONC service readiness.
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Radwan, G., and A. Adawy. "Egyptian Health Map: A Road for Evidence-Based Decision Making." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 161s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.17900.

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Background and context: Egyptian health system is characterized by the multiple entities in charge of service regulation, financing and provision. In addition, health outcomes in Egypt mirror epidemiologic transition; with increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and persistent high levels of selected communicable diseases (CDs), which put a huge financial burden on the health system's limited resources. This together with financial inefficiencies aggravates inequality in health services coverage and health outcomes. Aim: We aimed to map and link health services with key health outcomes to support efficient utilization of scarce resources and achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Program/Policy process: Data on health services and health outcomes were obtained from Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) and key national surveys. Data on health services' availability and coverage were compared in the different geographical regions. Correlation analysis was used to test “the relation” between selected service availability indicators and mortality rates from key NCDs and MMR. Outcomes: There was generally poor achievement of service availability national targets with wide geographical disparities. Cardiovascular diseases and cancers were the leading causes of death. There was a significant correlation between mortality from key NCDs and service availability indicators. Key risk factors such as tobacco use, obesity and high blood pressure are on the rise which was particularly evident among women. What was learned: Wide geographical disparities and increased burden of NCDs and their risk factors are identified as key challenges facing the health care system in Egypt. Priority setting in the light of these findings is crucial to support national efforts to attain health equity and UHC.
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Sambo, Júlia, Adilson Fernando Loforte Bauhofer, Simone Boene, Marlene Djedje, António Júnior, Adalgisa Pilale, Luzia Gonçalves, Nilsa de Deus, and Sérgio Chicumbe. "Readiness of Mozambique Health Facilities to Address Undernutrition and Diarrhea in Children under Five: Indicators from 2018 and 2021 Survey Data." Healthcare 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071200.

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The World Health Organization’s systems framework shows that service delivery is key to addressing pressing health needs. Inadequate healthcare and the lack of healthcare services are factors associated with undernutrition and diarrhea in children under five, two health conditions with high morbi-mortality rates in Mozambique. The aim of the analysis was to determine the readiness score of nutrition and diarrhea services for children under five and the influence of malaria and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) service readiness on the readiness of these two services. A total of 1644 public health facilities in Mozambique were included from the 2018 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment. Additionally, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the availability and readiness scores of nutrition services in 2021 in five referral health facilities. The availability of nutrition and diarrhea services for children is low in Mozambique, with both scoring below 75%. Major unavailability was observed for human resources, guidelines, and training dimensions. Diarrhea (median (IQ): 72.2% (66.7 to 83.3)) and nutrition service readiness (median (IQ): 57.1% (52.4 to 57.1)) scores were significantly different (p < 0.001), while it is desirable for both services to be comprehensively ready. Nutrition services are positively associated with diarrhea service readiness and both services are associated with malaria and HIV service readiness (p < 0.05). None of the health facilities had all tracer items available and none of the facilities were considered ready (100%). There is a persisting need to invest comprehensively in readiness dimensions, within and across child health services.
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aljuaid, Hussain ali, Mohmad Saad Alkarani, Naif Saad Alkaraan, Ali Hamad Almegames, Abdulmohsen Saad Ali Alamri, Yahya Mohammed Alahamri, Youssef salem Alotaibi, Saad Abdullah Shuqayr, Maher Ahmed Alshehri, and Munirah Ali Mesfer Alquraini. "Assessment of Perceived Health Care Service Quality." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i12-12.

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This article's objective is to describe a simplified method for developing and assessing the quality of healthcare-related research questions. This process involved three stages. The objective of the initial phase was to identify and investigate a scientific field. This field would be used to identify outputs such as analysis units, variables, and goals. The objective of the second stage was to formulate structured research questions based on the findings of the first phase. In general, research questions begin with interrogative adverbs (e.g., what and when), auxiliary verbs (e.g., is there and are there), or other auxiliaries (e.g., do, does, and did); followed by nouns nominalized from verbs of research objectives, such as association, correlation, influence, causation, prediction, and application; research variables (e.g., risk factors, efficiency, effectiveness, and safety); and units of measurement (e.g., patients with hypertension and general hospitals). The objective of the third stage was to evaluate the relevance, originality, generalizability, measurability, communicability, resource availability, and ethical considerations of the research questions. By adhering to the proposed streamlined procedure, inexperienced researchers can learn how to compose well-structured research questions with solid scientific value.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health service availability"

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Sikder, Shegufta Shefa. "Obstetric complications in rural Bangladesh| Risk factors for reported morbidity, determinants of care seeking, and service availability for emergency obstetric care." Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571743.

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Background: In settings such as rural Bangladesh, where the majority of births occur at home, population-based data are lacking on the burden and risk factors for obstetric complications, as well as care-seeking behavior. This dissertation seeks to describe the prevalence and risk factors for obstetric complications, explore factors affecting care seeking for complications, and describe the availability of obstetric care among health facilities in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: We used extant data from a community-randomized maternal micronutrient supplementation trial which ascertained reported morbidities and care seeking among 42,214 pregnant women between 2007 and 2011 in rural northwest Bangladesh. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association of biological, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors with reported obstetric complications and near misses. Multivariate logistic regression of socioeconomic, demographic, perceived need, and service factors on care seeking was performed. Primary data on availability and readiness to provide obstetric services at 14 health facilities was collected through surveys.

Results: Of the 42,214 married women of reproductive age, 73% (n=30,830) were classified as having non-complicated pregnancies, 25% (n=10,380) as having obstetric complications, and 2% (n=1,004) with reported near misses. In multivariate analysis, women's age less than 18 years (Relative Risk Ratio 1.26 95% CI 1.14-1.39), obstetric history of stillbirth or abortion (RRR 1.15 CI 1.07-1.22), and neither partner wanting the pregnancy (RRR 1.33 CI 1.20-1.46) significantly increased the risk of obstetric complications. Out of 9,576 women with data on care seeking, 77% sought any care, with only 23% seeking at least one formal provider. Socioeconomic factors and service factors, such as facility availability of comprehensive obstetric services (OR 1.25 CI 1.16- 1.34), improved care seeking from formal providers. Average facility readiness for emergency obstetric care was 81% in private clinics compared to 67% in public facilities (p=0.045).

Conclusions: These analyses indicate a high burden of obstetric morbidity, with a quarter of women reporting obstetric complications. Policies to reduce early marriage and unmet need for contraception may address risk factors including adolescent pregnancy and unwanted pregnancies. Improvements in socioeconomic factors, coupled with strategies to increase service availability at health facilities, could increase care seeking from formal providers.

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Webb, Bettine Constance. "The availability of data in relation to needs and resources within the School Dental Service, Western Metropolitan Health Region, N.S.W." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4776.

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Agunga, Paul Wekesa. "County Health Leadership and Readiness for Noncommunicable Disease Services." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5298.

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Premature mortality resulting from the growing global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is a contemporary development challenge. Low-income and lower-middle-income countries are disproportionately affected, with the poorest in society considered the most vulnerable. A paucity of literature exists on how leadership practices at the implementation level relate to ensuring readiness for NCD services. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether any relationship exists between leadership practices at the county level and readiness for NCD services in Kenya. Path-goal and adaptive leadership theories were used to guide this quantitative correlational study, using secondary data from a 2013 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment survey. Correlation and multiple linear regression tests were used to determine the strength and direction of any relationship between the independent variable of leadership practices (annual work planning, therapeutic committees, and supportive supervision), and the dependent variable of NCD readiness (county readiness score). The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between therapeutic committee (p = .002) and supportive supervision practices (p = .023) and NCD readiness. Leadership practices also had a statistically significant predictive relationship with NCD readiness (p = .009). This study may be significant to county health leaders in relation to their efforts to ensure proximal access to quality NCD services in Kenya. The results of this study may help to promote the development of capacity-building programs targeting health leadership and prioritization of actions to ensure access to NCD prevention and treatment services at the county level in Kenya.
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Brock, Arlesia Lynn. "The impact of privatization of primary care programs in large county health department in florida." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001214.

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LaRoche, Kathryn J. "The Availability, Accessibility, and Provision of Post-Abortion Support Services in Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32786.

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In a study we conducted with Ontarian women about their abortion experiences (OAS), one third of participants expressed a desire for post-abortion support. Yet, there is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that organizations offering these services are using judgmental frameworks. In order to rigorously investigate this, we explored what post-abortion support services are offered across the province of Ontario. This multi-methods study included an analysis of OAS data, creating a directory of post-abortion support services in the province, conducting an analysis of how these services represent themselves online, and carrying out mystery client interactions. We found that the majority of organizations offering post-abortion support services in Ontario are crisis pregnancy centers. The services offered at these organizations are built upon frameworks that are both shaming and stigmatizing of abortion experiences. Efforts to increase the online visibility and overall accessibility of non-judgmental, medically accurate post-abortion support services in Ontario appear warranted.
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Cummins, Steven C. J. "Socio-spatial variations in urban food price and availability and their implications for healthy eating." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250014.

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Day, Chelsi. "Availability and Utilization of Sport Psychology Services for Injured College Athletes." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1317223366.

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Nickerson, Jason W. "A Field Evaluation of Tools to Assess the Availability of Essential Health Services in Disrupted Health Systems: Evidence from Haiti and Sudan." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30373.

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Background: This thesis presents three research papers that evaluate the current tools and methods used to assess the availability of health resources and services during humanitarian emergencies. Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted to locate all known health facilities assessment tools currently in use in low- and middle-income countries. The results of this review were used to generate a framework of essential health facilities assessment domains, representative of seven health systems building blocks. Using this framework, a field-based evaluation of tools used to assess the availability of health resources and services in emergencies in Haiti and the Darfur states of Sudan was conducted. The collected assessment tools from these countries were compared against the framework from the systematic review, as well as the Minimum Standards for Health Action in the Sphere Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response, and the Global Health Cluster’s Set of Core Indicators and Benchmarks by Category. A coding system was developed using all of these frameworks that enabled the comparison of the assessments collected in both countries. Field-based interviews were conducted with key informants using a convergent interviewing methodology, to gain perspectives on data collection and the use of evidence in formulating health systems interventions in emergencies. Results: 10 health facility assessments were located in the systematic review of the literature, generating an assessment framework comprised of 41 assessment domains. Of the included assessments, none contained assessment criteria corresponding to all 41 domains, suggesting a need to standardize these assessments based on a structured health systems framework. In Haiti and Sudan, a total of 9 (Haiti, n=8; Sudan, n=1) different assessment tools were located that corresponded to assessments of the availability of health resources and services. Of these, few collected data that could reasonably have corresponded to the different assessment domains of the health facilities assessment framework or the Sphere Standards, nor could many have provided the necessary inputs for calculating the Global Health Cluster’s indicators or benchmarks. The exception to this was the one tool located in Sudan, which fared reasonably well against these criteria. The interviews with participants revealed that while evidence was viewed as important, systematically-collected data were not routinely being integrated into program planning in emergency settings. This was, in part, due to the absence of reliable information or the perceived weaknesses of the data available, but also due uncertainty as to how to best integrate large amounts of health system data into programs. Conclusions: Greater emphasis is needed to ensure that data on the availability and functionality of health services during major emergencies is collected using methodologically-sound approaches, by field staff with expertise in health systems. There is a need to ensure that baseline data on the health system is available at the outside of emergency response, and that humanitarian health interventions are based on reliable evidence of needs and capacities from within the health system.
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Whitener, Louise M. "Using Hongvivatana's model to evaluate health care access : a field study of adolescent women's access to reproductive health care services in rural Missouri counties /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974703.

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Atuhaire, Lydia. "Barriers and facilitators to uptake of cervical cancer screening among women accessing maternal and child health services in Kampala, Uganda." University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3924.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
The aim of the study was to explore the challenges to uptake of cervical cancer screening among women accessing maternal and child health services at Nsambya Hospital in Kampala, Uganda.
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Books on the topic "Health service availability"

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Tanzania. Wizara ya Afya na Ustawi wa Jamii. Tanzania service availability mapping, 2005-2006. [Dar es Salaam]: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2007.

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Hughes, Jenny. Women's health care needs and service availability. Dublin: University College Dublin, Centre for Health Economics, 1995.

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Sayed, H. Abdel-Aziz. Egypt service availability survey, 1989: Availability and accessibility of family planning and health services in rural Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: Cairo Demographic Centre, 1991.

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Kaplan, Karen Orloff. Availability of federal data for social work research. Silver Spring, Md. (7981 Eastern Ave., Silver Spring 20910): National Center for Social Policy and Practice, 1989.

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Pullum, Thomas W. The relationship of service availability to contraceptive use in rural Guatemala. Columbia, Md: DHS, IRD/Macro International, Inc., 1991.

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Houston, Leonard W. Health service vs. health education: The condom availability in New York City's public high schools under the HIV/AIDS expanded education program. New York: Carlton Press Corp., 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Health care: Availability in the Texas-Mexico border area : report to the Honorable Lloyd Bentsen, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act and title III of the Public Health Service Act to protect and improve the availability and quality of health care in rural areas. [Washington, D.C.?]: [United States Government Printing Office], 1993.

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Senate, United States Congress. A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide grants to entities in rural areas that design and implement innovative approaches to improve the availability and quality of health care in such rural areas, and for other purposes. [Washington, D.C.?]: [United States Government Printing Office], 1993.

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Council, Cochrane District Health. Study on the availability of french-language health services. [s.l.]: Price Waterhouse, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health service availability"

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Toeroe, Maria. "The SA Forum Information Model: The Heart of Control and Monitoring." In Service Availability, 63–83. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119941378.ch4.

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Pant, Shashank, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, and Mohamad Ghazi Droubi. "Monitoring Tasks in Aerospace." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 5–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_2.

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AbstractApproximately up to one-fifth of the direct operating cost of a commercial civilian fixed-wing aircraft is projected to be due to inspection and maintenance alone. Managing aircraft health with minimal human intervention and technologies that can perform continuous or on-demand monitoring/evaluation of aircraft components without having to take the aircraft out of service can have a significant impact on increasing availability while reducing maintenance cost. The ambition of these monitoring technologies is to shift aircraft maintenance practice from planned maintenance (PM), where the aircraft is taken out of service for scheduled inspection/maintenance, to condition-based maintenance (CBM), where aircraft is taken out of service only when maintenance is required, while maintaining the required levels of safety. Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques can play a vital role in progressing towards CBM practice. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide the reader with a brief overview of the different SHM techniques and their use, as well as, challenges in implementing them for aircraft applications.
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Ravi Kumar, Y. V., Nassyam Basha, Krishna Kumar K M, Bal Mukund Sharma, and Konstantin Kerekovski. "Troubleshooting and Conducting Health Checks for High Availability." In Oracle High Availability, Disaster Recovery, and Cloud Services, 257–92. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4351-0_5.

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Haque, Waqar, Bonnie Urquhart, and Emery Berg. "Visualization of Services Availability: Building Healthy Communities." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 355–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05948-8_34.

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Rodriguez, Alex R. "The Effects of Contemporary Economic Conditions on Availability and Quality of Mental Health Services." In Handbook of Quality Assurance in Mental Health, 137–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5236-5_6.

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Katdare, Ninad. "Obstacles and Optimisation of Oncology Services in India." In Improving Oncology Worldwide, 107–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96053-7_14.

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AbstractIndia is a land of huge geographical, demographic and economic variations. As such, it has a very heterogeneous population and huge variations in the socio-economic status, access to health care and literacy. These provide unique challenges in the development of health-care policies. With other pressing health issues like malnutrition, maternal and child’s health and infectious diseases, there are no nationwide policies for cancer care. In addition to this, the health-care budget allocation compared to developed countries is abysmal. This has led to inequities in the distribution and availability of cancer care in India. With a majority of the patients ending up in the private sector for treatment, and because of misuse of technology in cancer care for profit because of dysregulated health care, there is inequity in distribution of cancer care. Lack of affordable care and inaccessible areas lead to many patients presenting very late and or dropping out of treatment, thus adversely affecting the prognosis. This is reflected in a disproportionately high mortality to incidence ratio. In this chapter, we will see the obstacles faced and the optimisation efforts to improve cancer care in India.
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Ingram, Richard C., Rachel Hogg-Graham, Timothy Williams, and Katherine Youngen. "The Availability of Health Care in Appalachia." In Appalachian Health, 114–36. University Press of Kentucky, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813155579.003.0006.

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The lack of access to healthcare services exacerbates disparities in Appalachia. Although historic and large-scale reforms to the Appalachian health system have been enacted over the years, inadequate access to health services remains a pressing concern for state policy-makers and their rural constituents. This chapter explores present variation in healthcare access among Appalachia’s residents. Using a county-level comparative approach, the study presented in this chapter reveals gaps in Medicaid coverage, provider availability, scope of practice constraints, and number of hospitals between Appalachian counties and peer counties in the rest of the United States. It also details the development of regionwide initiatives to improve access to care, such as the Frontier Nursing Service, Appalachian Regional Healthcare and the National Health Service Corps. However, as the authors note, Appalachia’s lack of health infrastructure requires continued attention and investment if its residents are to maintain good health.
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Manderscheid, Ronald W., Victoria R. Green, Anita Everett, Philip J. Leaf, and Colleen Barry. "American Mental Health Services after the Affordable Care Act." In Public Mental Health, 403–16. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190916602.003.0015.

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This chapter examines American mental health services after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Diagnostic characteristics, health insurance coverage, and service use are analyzed for a synthetic sample of 100 adults pre and post ACA. Results document that an increased number of persons with mental illness had insurance coverage and service accessibility post ACA. The availability of service facilities and their use levels also are examined post ACA. A detailed national revenue and expenditure picture for mental health post ACA is derived from the National Health Accounts. Finally, the criminal justice sector is considered as an emerging site for service delivery.
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Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Isaac. "New Approaches for Improved Service Delivery in Rural Settings." In Rural Health. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101705.

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The health status of the people in rural areas is faced with challenges primarily due to availability, acceptability, financial accessibility to healthcare services. These include traditional and cultural beliefs, behavioural norms that explain community viewpoints of social roles and various community members’ functions. Rural and remote areas are medically underserved, access to healthcare services is difficult sometimes. Distance covered to access the nearest available health facility by some rural dwellers is discouraging. Thus, moving critically ill or injured persons is hampered because of long-distance or poor transportation means. In the end, many prefer to use traditional medicine than travel that long distance for medical treatment. Recently, healthcare delivery systems have focused on innovative approaches to improve health outcomes, control costs, and foster achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of these innovations is mHealth (Short Messaging Service) [SMS] texts, which have peculiar attributes, making it particularly suitable for health care in rural and hard-to-reach areas in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Moreover, text-messaging interventions are uniquely suited for underserved populations. This chapter highlights some interventions on the uses and benefits of SMS text applications in healthcare service delivery.
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Karmaoui, Ahmed, Siham Zerouali, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, Mohammed Yacoubi-Khebiza, and Fadoua El Qorchi. "Ecosystem Services-Climate-Health Associations." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 280–90. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7387-6.ch014.

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Water is the main ecosystem service that supports the oasis system. Middle Draa Valley is an oasis zone located in the south of Morocco. The water availability in this area is the key element of vegetation cover change. This change added to other factors can cause some parasitic diseases. The zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of these diseases. In this chapter, an analysis of the interaction between some key risk factors and the disease transmission was carried out. The outputs of this work rivaled that there is a very strong correlation between this disease and ecosystem services such as water stored and the dam outflow (directed to the oasis for the irrigation), and the groundwater availability. Regarding the correlation between this vector-borne disease and the cropping area, a strong correlation was recorded. However, for the relationship between leishmaniasis and the precipitation and the dam inflow, average correlations were found. Basically, in MDV, the water availability is the first element that affects an ensemble of processes that cause the disease infection.
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Conference papers on the topic "Health service availability"

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McGregor, Carolyn, Catherine Inibhunu, Jonah Glass, Ian Doyle, Aaron Gates, John Madill, and J. Edward Pugh. "Health Analytics as a Service with Artemis Cloud: Service Availability*." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176507.

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Yang, Zhang, and Huang Jine. "Modeling and Simulation Method of Ship Availability for Service Period." In 2020 Global Reliability and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM-Shanghai). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phm-shanghai49105.2020.9280925.

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Lestari, Yayuk Puji, and Farida Kartini. "Antenatal Service Quality: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.31.

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ABSTRACT Background: Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is an indicator of the success of health development in a country. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a series of new recommendations to improve the quality of antenatal care to reduce the risk of birth and pregnancy complications and provide a positive pregnancy experience. This study aimed to review the antenatal service quality. Subjects and Method: This was a scoping review using an electronic bibliographic database method. Articles were collected from 5 databases, namely Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO, Wiley, and ProQuest. This study was carried out systematically from 2009 to 2019. The articles used in this scoping review were described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart. Results: Based on 10 articles out of 190 articles according to inclusion criteria, the review results showed that the quality of antenatal care was divided into physical examinations and supporting examinations carried out in antenatal care services, suggestions and infrastructure in antenatal care services, and availability of health personnel in antenatal care services. Conclusion: The quality of antenatal care services is strongly influenced by the standard of the equipment used, the standard of examination, facilities and infrastructure and the availability of health personnel. Keywords: quality, antenatal care, scoping review Correspondence: Yayuk Puji Lestari. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Rice Field Area, Nogotirto, Kec. Gamping, Sleman Regency 55592, Yogyakarta Special Region. Email: yayuk.pujilestari1892@gmail.com. Mobile : 085349033588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.31
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Samuel, Liji. "TRANSFORMING THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE HEALTHCARE DICHOTOMY IN INDIA IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL HEALTH." In International Conference on Public Health. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246735.2020.6103.

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Digital health initiatives have become popular in all jurisdictions across the globe. The digital health move, though it is envisioned as a cost-effective way to ensure the availability of health care services especially for the people who live in rural areas, its success depends on the response of the health care system and the state control and regulation. India lacks a comprehensive statesponsored or state-regulated health care system and more than 70 percent of people utilise the private sector medical services. In this backdrop, the implementation of the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM), announced by the Government of India very recently, will be critical. Thus, this research paper strives to bring out the public-private disjunction in the availability and utilisation of public and private health care facilities, issues of health care financing and legal regulation of clinical establishments in the public and private sector. This study uses the doctrinal method and analyses the Five-Year Plans, National Sample Survey Reports, National Health Profile, National Health Accounts Estimates for India and other Government Reports and independent studies to detail the public-private dichotomy. However, this study finds limitations in presenting the current position of private health care service providers due to the unavailability of updated authoritative government reports/ studies/ surveys. On reviewing the currents trends in the public and private health care sector, the study finds that the private sector has surpassed the public sector in all means, including health provisioning, utilisation, and financing. The NDHM is a laudable initiative to ensure affordable health care to millions of people in India. However, any move to implement it, leaving the fundamental issue of deep-rooted public-private dichotomy existing in the healthcare sector will be detrimental. It will result in a digital divide in the public and private healthcare sector and gross violation of patients’ rights and mismanagement of health information. Keywords: digital health, National Digital Health Mission, private healthcare sector, utilisation of healthcare service
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Španović, Đurða, Željka Draušnik, and Andrea Kostinčer-Pojić. "493 Availability and health care utilization in the pre-school children’s health service in the curative-care during the COVID-19 epidemic." In 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.493.

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Lucas, Sandra Fernandes, and Himadri Chakraborty. "873 Mapping the current service availability in paediatric gastroenterology networks across the United Kingdom: is there a postcode lottery in service provision?" In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.251.

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Sidabalok, Jhonferi. "The Effect of Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurse Supervision and Resource Availability on Paramedic Hand Hygiene at Hanau Hospital, Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.19.

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ABSTRACT Background: Hand hygiene was the most straightforward and most effective behavior to prevent nosocomial infection. Doing hand-hygiene in 5 moments must be endeavored to improve the quality of service in the hospital. Hospitals must have a PPI team where the Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurse (IPCLN) is part of the structure. The availability of facilities in the hospital is needed to support hand hygiene behavior. This study aimed to know the effect of IPCLN supervision and facilities’ availability on paramedical hand hygiene behavior at Hanau Hospital. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional conducted at Hanau Hospital, Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan. A sample of 83 paramedics at Hanau Hospital was selected for this study by total sampling. The dependent variable was the behavior of hand hygiene paramedic. The independent variable was IPCLN supervision and the availability of facilities. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Chi Square. Results: The respondents in this study were 67.5% women, 72.3% were under 30 years old, 74.7% had a Diploma-III education, and 69.9% worked less than 5 years. The supervision carried out by IPCLN (OR = 35.25; CI: 4.36 to 258.22), and the availability of facilities (OR = 24.35; CI: 5.10 to 116.26) was statistically significant (p <0.001). Variables that influence the behavior of paramedic hand hygiene at Hanau Hospital are supervision of the IPCLN towards paramedics (B = 2.86; OR = 17.42; 95% CI= 1.94 to 156.78; p= 0.011) together with the variable availability of facilities (B = 2.62; OR = 13.69; 95% CI= 2.62 to 71.49; p= 0.002). Conclusion: The supervision of IPCN and the availability of facilities affect the hand hygiene behavior of paramedics at Hanau Hospital. Keywords: hand hygiene, IPCLN, Supervision, Facilities, PPI Correspondence: Jhonferi Sidabalok, Hospital Administration Studies Master Program, Faculty of Public Health, Indonesia University. Email: jfs.usu98@gmail.com. Mobile 082154643424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.19
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Green, Bruce, George Hull, Juan Hurtado, and Mark Harvill. "Remote Health Monitoring Increases Reliability and Condition-Based Maintenance." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74027.

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This paper presents the technical approach taken to develop and implement a real-time health monitoring system to enable condition-based maintenance and remote health monitoring of two electric fleets operated by Amtrak. The monitoring devices and accompanying software, fault logic, rule sets, documentation manuals, and training forums assist mechanical maintenance crews, field service technicians, and onboard personnel to determine locomotive and consist train health and to take necessary maintenance actions as needed to maintain optimal equipment availability, reliability, and On Time Performance (OTP). This paper provides the status of that rollout and is designed to invite comment and discussion from others in the industry developing similar programs and processes to enable condition based maintenance.
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Kadhim, Dua Abdulrazak, Sarfraz Iqbal, and Päivi Jokela. "Electronic Health Records: Non-Swedish Speaking Refugee’s Perspective." In The 18th international symposium on health information management research. Linnaeus University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/ishimr.2020.16.

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Electronic health record (EHR) is a ubiquitous e-health tool that includes both Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and personal health record (PHR). EHR is aimed to be a versatile digital tool that can benefit both caregivers and patients through Quick and easy access to medical information at any time from hospitals or primary care. However, the fact that the bulk of core records, including self-service data for patients, is only available in Swedish may limit the scope, availability and feasibility of self service through EHRs access for refugee patients who are non-Swedish speakers. Research results suggest that the EHRs should be meaningful, modified, and improved based on patient’s needs, by actively involving patients in their healthcare. The issues such as EHRs an information sharing communication System, lack of Information about using EHR, language barrier a hinderance in using EHR, EHRs as medical recommendation system, better instructions about EHRs, presenting medical information in diagnosis part in EHRs in other languages and presenting medical information in diagnosis part in EHRs by sound are very important to address non-Swedish speaking refugee patients’ needs to use EHRs.
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Davis, Jenna, Patrick Vallely, Mayorkinos Papaelias, and Zheng Huang. "Addressing Future Rail Network Performance Challenges Through Effective Structural Health Monitoring." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6115.

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Operational efficiency is one of the key performance indicators for all railroad systems. Infrastructure inspection and maintenance engineers are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of the railroad network. However, as rolling stock traffic density increases throughout the network, inspection and maintenance opportunities become less readily available. Inspection and maintenance activities normally take place at night, when there is little or no train movement to avoid disruption of normal railroad network operation. In addition, conventional inspection methodologies fail to deliver the efficiency required for the optimization of maintenance decisions, particularly with respect to track renewals, due to their defect detection sensitivity and level of resolution limitations. The fact that critical structural components such as rails and crossings (frogs) are randomly loaded increases the degree of uncertainty when trying to estimate their remaining service lifetime. Maintenance decisions are predominantly based on the feedback received from inspection engineers, coupled with empirical knowledge that has been gained over the years. The use of structural degradation models is too risky due to the uncertainty arising from the variable dynamic loads sustained by the rail track. The use of structural health monitoring techniques offers significant advantages over conventional approaches. First of all, it is non-intrusive and does not interrupt normal rail traffic operations. Secondly, defects can be detected and evaluated in real-time whilst their evolution can be monitored continuously, enabling maintenance to be scheduled in advance and at times where the need for rail network availability at the section concerned is at its lowest. This paper analyzes the potential risks and benefits of a gradual shift from traditional inspection approaches to advanced structural health monitoring techniques.
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Reports on the topic "Health service availability"

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Rahman, Kazi, Grace Lee, Kristina Vine, Amba-Rose Atkinson, Michael Tong, and Veronica Matthews. Impacts of climate change on health and health services in northern New South Wales: an Evidence Check rapid review. The Sax Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/xlsj7564.

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This rapid review investigated the effects of climate change on health and health services in northern NSW—a known ‘hotspot’ for natural disasters—over the next 10-20 years. It included 92 peer-reviewed articles and 9 grey literature documents, with 17% focused on Northern NSW. Climate change will cause both an increase in average temperatures and in extreme weather events and natural disasters. Impacts particularly affecting Northern NSW are expected to include increases and exacerbations of: mental illness; infectious diseases, including those transmitted by mosquitoes, water and food; heat-related illnesses; chronic diseases including respiratory and cardiac conditions; injuries; and mortality—with vulnerable groups being most affected. Demand for health services will increase, but there will also be disruptions to medication supply and service availability. A whole-of-system approach will be needed to address these issues. There are numerous gaps in the research evidence and a lack of predictive modelling and robust locally relevant data.
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Maheshwari, Sunil, Rajesh Chandwani, Mohammad Zoheb, Sungsup Ra, Sonalini Khetrapal, Rajesh Bhatia, Amar Nawkar, and Tikesh Bisen. Public–Private Partnership for Strengthening Urban Health in Nagpur: The Model Urban Primary Health Center Project. Asian Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220064-2.

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This paper presents an innovative public–private partnership to revive the urban primary health center (UPHC) system of Nagpur City in Maharashtra State, India. From the baseline assessment, the partnership between the Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) and Tata Trusts identified that the low utilization of UPHCs was due to inadequate infrastructure of the health centers, fewer working hours, inadequately trained human resources, and availability of staff only for a short time. A road map consisting of three phases was jointly prepared by NMC and Tata Trusts to improve the quality of service in 26 UPHCs, of which phase 3 is currently underway.
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Gindi, Renee. Health, United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:100685.

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Health, United States, 2019 is the 43rd report on the health status of the nation and is submitted by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to the President and the Congress of the United States in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Service Act. This report was compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Health, United States series presents an annual overview of national trends in key health indicators. The 2019 report presents trends and current information on selected measures of morbidity, mortality, health care utilization and access, health risk factors, prevention, health insurance, and personal health care expenditures in a 20-figure chartbook. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook is supplemented by several other products including Trend Tables, an At-a-Glance table, and Appendixes available for download on the Health, United States website at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/ index.htm. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook contains 20 figures and 20 tables on health and health care in the United States. Examining trends in health informs the development, implementation, and evaluation of health policies and programs. The first section (Figures 1–13) focuses on health status and determinants: life expectancy, infant mortality, selected causes of death, overdose deaths, suicide, maternal mortality, teen births, preterm births, use of tobacco products, asthma, hypertension, heart disease and cancer, and functional limitations. The second section (Figures 14–15) presents trends in health care utilization: use of mammography and colorectal tests and unmet medical needs. The third section (Figures 16–17) focuses on health care resources: availability of physicians and dentists. The fourth section (Figures 18–20) describes trends in personal health care expenditures, health insurance coverage, and supplemental insurance coverage among Medicare beneficiaries. The Highlights section summarizes major findings from the Chartbook. Suggested citation: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2019. Hyattsville, MD. 2021.
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Hossain, Niamat Ullah Ibne, Farjana Nur, Raed Jaradat, Seyedmohsen Hosseini, Mohammad Marufuzzaman, Stephen Puryear, and Randy Buchanan. Metrics for assessing overall performance of inland waterway ports : a Bayesian Network based approach. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40545.

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Because ports are considered to be the heart of the maritime transportation system, thereby assessing port performance is necessary for a nation’s development and economic success. This study proposes a novel metric, namely, “port performance index (PPI)”, to determine the overall performance and utilization of inland waterway ports based on six criteria, port facility, port availability, port economics, port service, port connectivity, and port environment. Unlike existing literature, which mainly ranks ports based on quantitative factors, this study utilizes a Bayesian Network (BN) model that focuses on both quantitative and qualitative factors to rank a port. The assessment of inland waterway port performance is further analyzed based on different advanced techniques such as sensitivity analysis and belief propagation. Insights drawn from the study show that all the six criteria are necessary to predict PPI. The study also showed that port service has the highest impact while port economics has the lowest impact among the six criteria on PPI for inland waterway ports.
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Fang, Mei Lan, Marianne Cranwell, Becky White, Gavin Wylie, Karen Lok Yi Wong, Kevin Harter, Lois Cosgrave, et al. Aging-in-Place at the End-of-Life in Community and Residential Care Contexts. University of Dundee, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001274.

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Population aging is a global phenomenon that has presented capacity and resource challenges for providing supportive care environments for older people in later life (Bone et al., 2018, Finucane et al., 2019). Aging-in-place was introduced as a policy driver for creating supportive environmental and social care to enable individuals to live independently at home and in the community for as long as possible. Recently, there has been a move towards offering care for people with a terminal illness at home and in the community (Shepperd et al., 2016); and when appropriate, to die in supportive, home-like environments such as care homes (Wada et al., 2020). Aging-in-place principles can, thus and, should be extended to enabling supportive, home-like environments at the end-of-life. Yet, first, we must consider the appropriateness, availability and diversity of options for community-based palliative and end-of-life care (PEoLC), in order to optimise supports for older people who are dying at home or within long-term/residential care environments. Globally, across places with similar health and social care systems and service models such as in Scotland and in Canada, community-based PEoLC options are currently not uniformly available. Given that people entering into long-term/residential care homes are increasingly closer to the end of life, there is now an even greater demand for PEoLC provision in residential facilities (Kinley et al., 2017). Although most reported deaths occur within an inpatient hospital setting (50%), the proportion of overall deaths in a care home setting is projected to increase from 18% to 22.5% (Finucane et al, 2019). This suggests that long-term/residential care homes are to become the most common place of death by 2040, evidencing the need to develop and sustain appropriate and compassionate PEoLC to support those who are able to die at home and those living in residential care facilities (Bone et al., 2018; Finucane et al., 2019). This research initiative is premised on the notion that aging in place matters throughout the life-course, including at the end-of-life and that the socio-environmental aspects of care homes need to enable this.
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Matenga, Chrispin, and Munguzwe Hichaambwa. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zambia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.039.

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COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The speed with which the pandemic spread geographically, and the high rate of mortality of its victims prompted many countries around the world to institute ‘lockdowns’ of various sorts to contain it. While the global concern in the early months following the emergence of COVID-19 was with health impacts, the ‘lockdown’ measures put in place by governments triggered global socioeconomic shocks as economies entered recessions due to disruption of economic activity that the ‘lockdown’ measures entailed. Data suggests that the socioeconomic shocks arising from ‘lockdowns’ have been more severe in sub-Saharan Africa countries, generating dire livelihood consequences for most citizens who depend on the informal economy for survival. In Zambia, the effects of COVID-19 combined with a severe drought, and a decline in mining activity to contribute to a downward spiral in Zambia’s economy. This report aims to gain real-time insights into how the COVID-19 crisis was unfolding in Zambia and how rural people and food and livelihood systems were responding. The study focused on documenting and understanding the differential impacts of the pandemic at the household level in terms of changes in participation in farming activities, availability of services for agricultural production, labour and employment, marketing and transport services, food and nutrition security and poverty and wellbeing.
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Toloo, Sam, Ruvini Hettiarachchi, David Lim, and Katie Wilson. Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings. Queensland University of Technology, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227473.

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Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel
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Quak, Evert-jan. Lessons Learned from Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programmes that Operate in Fragile or Conflict Affected Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.133.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature on how community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes could be adapted in settings of conflict and fragility. It identifies multiple factors affecting the quality and effectiveness of CMAM services including the health system, community engagement and linkages with other programmes, including education, sanitation, and early childhood development. Family MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) is a useful tool to increase community participation and detect early cases of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) more effectively and less likely to require inpatient care. The literature does not say a lot about m-Health solutions (using mobile devises and applications) in data collection and surveillance systems. Many of the above-mentioned issues are relevant for CMAM programmes in settings of non-emergency, emergency, conflict and fragility. However, there are special circumstance in conflict and fragile settings that need adaptation and simplification of the standard protocols. Because of a broken or partly broken health system in settings of conflict and fragility, local governments are not able to fund access to adequate inpatient and outpatient treatment centres. NGOs and humanitarian agencies are often able to set up stand-alone outpatient therapeutic programmes or mobile centres in the most affected regions. The training of community health volunteers (CHVs) is important and implementing Family MUAC. Importantly, research shows that: Low literacy of CHVs is not a problem to achieve good nutritional outcomes as long as protocols are simplified. Combined/simplified protocols are not inferior to standard protocols. However, due to complexities and low funding, treatment is focused on SAM and availability for children with MAM is far less prioritised, until they deteriorate to SAM. There is widespread confusion about combined/simplified protocol terminology and content, because there is no coherence at the global level.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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10

Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.

Full text
Abstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
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