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1
Almalohi, Mussaad. "Implementing Health Information Exchange System: Saudi Arabia." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/350.
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In Saudi Arabia, medical errors are at an alarming level. Lack of a Health Information Exchange (HIE) system is one the greatest reasons for medical errors in the Kingdom. Health care in many countries has evolved with the invention of electronic health information exchange system, henceforth HIE. This research paper purposes to implement HIE in Saudi Arabia, which entirely does not have a system of the sort. It is imperative instill HIE in the health care system in Saudi to allow physicians, nurses, health care facilities as well as patients to electronically share medical information in a safe and secure manner.
Many countries such as United States, New Zealand and Germany have had great success with the HIE system and have reported vast benefits. Benefits of HIE are such as reduction of health care cost as well as decreasing medical errors. For Saudi Arabia to reach the same heights, many stakeholders will be involved in the triumph of the HIE system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The biggest contributor will be the Ministry of Health, which will be in charge of implementing as well as making the system mandatory in the main four hospitals in the country: Shomasy, Kind Saud University Hospital, Ministry of interior Hospital and Ministry of Defense Hospital. Each hospital having their own current medical information recording system, will now have one universal system that is made sure to be secure and safe for patients as well as other participating organizations who have access to the HIE system.
The main concentration of the HIE system in Saudi Arabia will be in the emergency care of these four hospitals. It is crucial to have an organized and controlled way of recording as well as accessing patient medical records electronically, in a fast and effective way. This paper proposes that an HIE system in Saudi Arabia will reduce the cost of medical care and decrease medical errors. Through the use of Lean thinking and the use of quality tools, the HIE system will be able to change and increase the reliably as well as effectiveness of Urgent Care in the country and therefore have consequent benefits as well. Also, understanding who is going to play a great role in the triumph of the HIE system, such as the Ministry of Health and knowing what stakeholders will need to be affiliated and contribute will lead the project to a better success.
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Alshehri, Saad Zafir. "Health risk behaviours among university students in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/405527/.
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This thesis investigates the features of common health risk behaviours (HRBs), namely, violent behaviours, sexual behaviours, smoking, drug use and unhealthy dietary behaviours, and patterns of engagement with these HRBs, among students at a Saudi university. The study includes a literature review covering the underlying reasons and consequences of HRBs, and explores existing theoretical models of HRBs in order to construct an appropriate theoretical model which underpins and guides this investigation. A mixed methods research methodology was used; quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire-based survey administered to 722 respondents, and qualitative data was collected using a series of interviews with 17 students. The elaborated theoretical model developed from the findings of the study may offer a more accurate understanding of HRBs amongst students at this Saudi university. In addition, the theoretical model may help to inform HRB-related research more widely across universities in Saudi Arabia and beyond. Key findings point to high levels of smoking, risky driving and violent behaviours, moderate levels of alcohol and illegal drug consumption, and physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. Students did not report serious sexual risk behaviours. Furthermore, such HRBs are influenced by traditional practices, gender, age, influence of other HRBs, the current legal system, globalisation, and lack of awareness. These practices are well-aligned to three major levels of influence: the intra-personal, public engagement and socio-cultural. Policy and practice implications arising from the findings are discussed.
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Sabbagh, A. O. "A novel model for managing health informatics in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/6a19f00c-e199-49e6-b0c6-4e71d853fa35/1.
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Application of Health Informatics (HI) is becoming more pervasive in the Saudi Arabian health organisations (SAHOs) with the aim of exploiting its potential for better healthcare delivery. Yet, to date, the management of HI has not been fully digested in the Saudi health environment. Therefore, adoption of imported models has become a common practice for managing HI. Consequently, most implemented systems fall short of meeting objectives or tackling key existing issues. The aim of the study is to develop a model for HI management that not only deals with key prevailing issues but also should be compatible with the Saudi Arabian health environment. The research contends that the key to success in exploiting the potential of HI is the use of appropriate local models that fully integrate with the Saudi Arabian health environment. The research design was mainly guided by pragmatic philosophy which incorporated both quantitative and qualitative research. It was inductive in nature and used a field research methodology to accomplish the research objectives. Empirical data was collected via questionnaires and interviews in the collaborating health organisations. Literature review, data analyses of the questionnaires and interviews yielded the initial framework for the Health Informatics Management Model (HIMM). A first round evaluation of the HIMM was conducted yielding a revised version. Later, data was also gathered from participants in a second round of evaluating the HIMM. The second round was to reassess the compatibility of HIMM with the Saudi Arabian health organisations, and to update the model in order to match the current application of HI in these organisations. The analysis of the data gleaned from the second stage evaluation yielded a revised (and final) HIMM, contemplated by participants. Based on the above empirical data, the research study introduces the HIMM, the first holistic and systematic HI framework that should enable the Saudi health providers and managers to better comprehend the multi-faceted perspectives that form the HI management paradigm, and guide them in its management. It can allow them to decide how best to manage HI projects in a way that ensures an optimum use of HI resources for effective and efficient delivery of healthcare and services. This work is of considerable utility in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States, where HI management and its application are regarded as an area of high priority.
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Alzahrani, Ahlam. "Women's sexual health in Saudi Arabia : a focused ethnographic study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1436/.
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Study aim: This study was conducted to describe how women and health care professionals perceive sexual health and services that are currently provided in Saudi Arabia. Background: At present, the worldwide health authority, in the form of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has drawn great attention to the importance of improving women's sexual health globally. It is increasingly concerned about women's sexual health and permanently works to shed light on the innovative approaches that are needed to raise women's awareness of risky behaviour, and to help them access the advice and treatment they need to avoid negative health outcomes that would impact on their future lives. Research into women's sexual health in Saudi Arabia will help in identifying possible causes of poor sexual health care that could be used as preventive tools in that, or similar cultures. In addition, it helps to meet women's physiological, emotional and educational needs, which is essential to support good sexual health. Methods and data: The researcher adopted an exploratory, qualitative method to conduct the study with an ethnographic design. It was undertaken in two governmental hospitals in Jeddah city, namely King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Maternity and Children Hospital. The duration of data collection was two months in each hospital. Women, doctors, nurses, and clinic managers all were participated in the study. Observational notes, document analysis and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. Detailed field notes were recorded of observations in the setting, clinical consultations and the participant's behaviours and interactions. 40 Interviews were conducted (21 with female patients and 19 with Health care professionals) and 74 consultations were observed. The data analysis was conducted using the framework identified by Holloway and Todres (2006, p. 219), for use in ethnographic research. Findings: Female participants reported experiencing more difficulties in talking about sexual matters generally, and specifically those that related to sexual intercourse. They also delayed seeking sexual health care as a result of the influence of Saudi social norms around women's sexuality. Plus, appointment issues, long waiting times, low quality of care provided and being dependent upon husbands for transportation were also barriers to accessing sexual health care or advice. Health care professionals tended to avoid initiating discussions about sexual matters in their clinical practices, to respect the cultural norms and avoid offending the patient. Many other barriers to talking about sexual topics in the clinic were also reported by the health care professionals in the current study. Sexual health care and services in Saudi Arabia are limited, lack integration to sexual health education and centre on reproductive health through the provision of obstetrics and gynecology care and contraception. Discussion: Using the Theory of Reasoned action as a theoretical framework to discuss the findings of the study this chapter sets out how the social norm pressures that are embedded in Saudi culture particularly those related to women and sex significantly influence both health care professionals and women's attitudes and behaviour towards sexual health care. The effect of Islamic guidance on Saudi culture and in participants' lives was very strong and clear. Adopting the concept of holistic sexual health explicitly in Saudi Arabia would be difficult and problematic. Missing the opportunity to talk about sexual issues in general, and in consultations in particular, put women at the possible risk of poor sexual health. Conclusion: Multifaceted interventions and programs are necessary to improve the quality of services that provide women sexual health care in Saudi Arabia. Efforts to influence social norms, empower women, enhance health care professionals' roles and functions and more research into women's sexual health is required.
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Al-Yaemni, Asmaa Abdullah. "Does universal health care system in Saudi Arabia achieve equity in health and health care?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526777.
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Al-Ahmadi, Abdullah Hamud Saad. "The geography of health services : case study of Medina, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6008.
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This study examines health services in Medina in relation to the delivery system, the spatial distribution of health services, accessibility and effectiveness of utilization, including satisfaction with the services. A total of 500 patient questionnaires and 31 face-to-face interviews with key decision makers were used in addressing the research questions. Despite many positive aspects to the health services in Medina, such as the ratios of physicians and beds/population compared to the whole Kingdom's average, there are some problems that need to be overcome. The provision of primary health care centres (PHCCs) is very far from the health ministry target, which is one PHCC to serve 5,000 to 10,000 people and they are unevenly distributed. The capacity of state hospitals is almost full, and needs to be expanded by building another general hospital in the east part of Medina to help remedy the current balance in spatial distribution. The lack of a clear spatial distribution policy for Medina's health services is evident in the concentration of general hospitals on one side of the city. Most private hospitals and clinics (doctors) and groups of clinics are concentrated south and south west of the city centre, in a circle of about two kilometres in diameter. Demographic and socio-economic factors appear to be influential in explaining differences in utilization, access, and preference between types of health services (private/state/traditional healers). Accessibility issues had little effect in making health care users switch to private hospitals. It seems that perceptions of accessibility were influenced by the widespread ownership and use of cars. It appears that consumers' satisfaction with accessibility and quality was higher for private health services than state ones in the study area. However public and private provisions are intercalated in complex ways. Overall, the study shows that, given Saudi's expanding population and growing wealth, there is growing demand for new health facilities and access is stile a major planning issue, although it needs to be reconceptualization in the light of car ownership. New agendas are set for service planning, and for medical geography in the Saudi Arabia.
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Aldajani, Mouhamad. "Electronic patient record security policy in Saudi Arabia National Health Service." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6016.
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Saudi Arabia is in the process of implementing Electronic Patient Records (EPR) throughout its National Health services. One of the key challenges during the adoption process is the security of EPR. This thesis investigates the current state of EPR security in Saudi Arabia’s National Health Services (SA NHS) both from a policy perspective and with regard to its implementation in SA NHS’s information systems. To facilitate the analysis of EPR security, an EPR model has been developed that captures the information that is stored as part of the electronic record system in conjunction with stated security requirements. This model is used in the analysis of policy consistency and to validate operational reality against stated policies at various levels within the SA NHS. The model is based on a comprehensive literature survey and structured interviews which established the current state of practice with respect to EPRs in a representative Saudi Arabian hospital. The key contribution of this research is the development and evaluation of a structured and model-based analysis approach to EPR security at the early adoption stage in SA, based on types of information present in EPRs and the needs of the users of EPRs. The key findings show that the SA EPR adoption process is currently proceeding without serious consideration for security policy to protect EPR and a lack of awareness amongst hospital staff.
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Hayman, Sarah. "The Relationship Between Health Risk and Workplace Productivity in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10241897.
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Rising worldwide rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Middle East, principally Saudi Arabia, have put an increasing load on the health system and employers. Middle Eastern organizations have been slow to develop targeted health programs, which include an emphasis on employee productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship, if any, between employee lifestyle and workplace productivity. Productivity is the amount of work produced based on the time and cost required to do so. The underlying theoretical foundations of this research were the socioecological health model and the human capital model. The quantitative, ex post facto design relied on secondary data from Saudi Aramco. Lifestyle data were collected from a health risk assessment including the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Data analysis consisted of both a correlational and multiple regression analysis. Correlational results indicated that exercise, tobacco use, body mass index (BMI), and nutrition were significantly related to workplace productivity. Exercise and nutrition had a significant positive correlation with workplace productivity, while tobacco use and increasing BMI were negatively correlated with workplace productivity. Multiple regression analysis results explained 21% of the variance in the dependent variable, a sizable percentage with such a large sample. Overall, these results suggest a strong influence of health choices on productivity. Since this research was the first to explore the unique cultural context and draw attention to the increasing NCD burden, the results are notable. Implications of this research should resonate with organizational leaders in the Middle East, and provide a clear opportunity to improve organization and human performance.
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Al-Zahrani, Ahlam. "Women's sexual health care in Saudi Arabia : a focused ethnographic study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14570/.
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This study was conducted to describe how women and health care professionals perceive sexual health and services that are currently provided in Saudi Arabia. Background At present, the worldwide health authority, in the form of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has drawn great attention to the importance of improving women's sexual health globally. It is increasingly concerned about women's sexual health and permanently works to shed light on the innovative approaches that are needed to raise women's awareness of risky behaviour. and to help them access the advice and treatment they need to avoid negative health outcomes that would impact on their future lives. Research into women's sexual health in Saudi Arabia will help in identifying possible causes of poor sexual health care that could be used as preventive tools in that, or similar cultures. In addition, it helps to meet women's physiological, emotional and educational needs, which is essential to support good sexual health.
10
Alhashem, Anwar M. "Social Media Use and Acceptance Among Health Educators in Saudi Arabia." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1017.
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More than half the population of Saudi Arabia has access to the Internet and social media, which are considered to be the fastest growing methods of communication in the region. The Saudi Ministry of Health encourages health-care providers, health professionals, and health organizations to accept and actively engage in using technology for improving health practices. Despite their increasing importance, there is little published literature on social media use and acceptance among health educators in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the present study was to better understand the factors that determine the use and acceptance of social media. The theoretical framework consisted of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as well as an extension to that theory. Through this lens, the study investigated how personal innovativeness in information technology and level of education may influence behavioral intention or use of social media among health educators in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional design was employed to determine the relationships among the specified factors. The participants included 320 health educators who filled out an online survey that had been constructed and validated in the literature. Findings indicated that performance expectancy, social influence, and personal innovativeness have a significant positive influence on behavioral intention. Facilitating conditions were negatively significant to user behavior. As anticipated, age and level of education were successfully shown to be a moderator. The study also discussed social media usage patterns among health educators in Saudi Arabia for personal and health-education purposes.
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Hayman, Sarah Lorraine. "The Relationship Between Health Risk and Workplace Productivity in Saudi Arabia." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3034.
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Rising worldwide rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Middle East, principally Saudi Arabia, have put an increasing load on the health system and employers. Middle Eastern organizations have been slow to develop targeted health programs, which include an emphasis on employee productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship, if any, between employee lifestyle and workplace productivity. Productivity is the amount of work produced based on the time and cost required to do so. The underlying theoretical foundations of this research were the socioecological health model and the human capital model. The quantitative, ex post facto design relied on secondary data from Saudi Aramco. Lifestyle data were collected from a health risk assessment including the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Data analysis consisted of both a correlational and multiple regression analysis. Correlational results indicated that exercise, tobacco use, body mass index (BMI), and nutrition were significantly related to workplace productivity. Exercise and nutrition had a significant positive correlation with workplace productivity, while tobacco use and increasing BMI were negatively correlated with workplace productivity. Multiple regression analysis results explained 21% of the variance in the dependent variable, a sizable percentage with such a large sample. Overall, these results suggest a strong influence of health choices on productivity. Since this research was the first to explore the unique cultural context and draw attention to the increasing NCD burden, the results are notable. Implications of this research should resonate with organizational leaders in the Middle East, and provide a clear opportunity to improve organization and human performance.
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Al-Maharwi, Saad Ali Gana 1957. "The impact of human activities on Asir National Park, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278241.
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Saudi Arabia has witnessed rapid development in economic, cultural and social aspects since the discovery of oil a few decades ago. This development involves all the governmental sectors including national parks. The need for national parks has become inevitable. Asir National Park was established to provide recreational sites and to preserve the unique natural and cultural features of the park. Research evaluated the impact of human activities of logging, grazing, hunting, land development and elimination and negligence of traditional architecture on Asir National Park features. A questionnaire, interviews and field observations were conducted to investigate the impact of these activities on Asir National Park. Asir National Park suffers a great deal of pressures from human activities. The local population depends on the park as their source of livelihood and as a traditional habit. The study illustrates the most affected zones where action should be taken to preserve park features.
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Alanezi, Fahad. "Infectious diseases management framework for Saudi Arabia (SAIF)." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622495.
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Infectious disease management system area is considered as an emerging field of modern healthcare in the Gulf region. Significant technical and clinical progress and advanced technologies can be utilized to enhance the performance and ubiquity of such systems. Effective infectious disease management (IDM) can be achieved by analysing the disease management issues from the perspectives of healthcare personnel and patients. Hence, it is necessary to identify the needs and requirements of both healthcare personnel and patients for managing the infectious disease. The basic idea behind the proposed mobile IDM system in this thesis is to improve the healthcare processes in managing infectious diseases more effectively. For this purpose, internet and mobile technologies are integrated with social networking, mapping and IDM applications to improve the processes efficiency. Hence, the patients submit their health related data through their devices remotely using our application to our system database (so-called SAIF). The main objective of this PhD project was the design and development of a novel web based architecture of next-generation infectious disease management system embedding the concept of social networking tailored for Saudi patients. Following a detailed literature review which identifies the current status and potential impact of using infectious diseases management system in KSA, this thesis conducts a feasibility user perspective study for identifying the needs and the requirements of healthcare personnel and the patients for managing infectious diseases. Moreover, this thesis proposes a design and development of a novel architecture of next-generation web based infectious disease management system tailored for Saudi patients (i.e., called SAIF – infectious diseases management framework for Saudi Arabia). Further, this thesis introduces a usability study for the SAIF system to validate the acceptability of using mobile technologies amongst infected patient in KSA and Gulf region. The preliminary results of the study indicated general acceptance of the patients in using the system with higher usability rating in high affected patients. In general, the study concluded that the concept of SAIF system is considered acceptable tool in particularly with infected patients.
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Kleemeier, Dena. "Economic Diversification in Saudi Arabia: Looking Beyond Oil." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1333.
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Saudi Arabia faces a universally acknowledged need to diversify beyond hydrocarbons. The Saudi Arabian government has outlined a strategy to achieve diversification through its Vision 2030 reform plan. Contrary to the Vision 2030 plan, the Saudi government should allow for entrepreneurs and market signals to determine diversification when considering what sectors should receive investment, with the exception of broad infrastructure investments contributing to the overall enabling environment. Government lending for private-sector investments need to have plausibly high projected rates of return, and meet minimum standards of environmental and social responsibility, requiring participation by multiple government ministries sufficiently insulated from the government.
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Al-Juffali, Lobna. "Exploring medication safety problems in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235753.
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Introduction Community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia faces many challenges. There is a lack of empirical research about medication safety in community pharmacy from the perspective of different stakeholders. A holistic approach is needed to identify medication safety problems. Aim To explore factors associated with medication safety in this setting. Methods Three empirical studies were undertaken. Focus groups explored medication safety problems using the Human Factors Framework and a Delphi exercise prioritised these problems. Interviews were conducted with pharmacy users to explore their willingness to share information with pharmacists during consultations using the Self-Regulatory Model. Results Four focus groups and four interviews (n=35 participants) identified seven main themes: commercialism; illegal supply of medication; lack of enforcement of regulations; the healthcare system; self-medication; trust in pharmacists; and communication and information exchange. Consensus was achieved with 28/84 items identified during the Delphi study. The top five priorities were: lack of pharmacy facilities; pharmacists' communication between pharmacists and physicians; patient databases; post-registration education; and pharmacists' long working hours. The interview study (n=21) identified that trust in pharmacists was the main enabler in sharing information. Barriers were pharmacists' perceived attitudes towards counselling, workload, lack of motivation, patient proxies, type of questions asked, gender and lack of privacy. Both the focus group study and the interview study highlighted pharmacy users' consumerist behaviour. Conclusion This research has shown that community pharmacy is a complex system involving many interacting factors. Multifactorial interventions are needed at individual (patient, pharmacist), pharmacy and organisational level. The effect of consumerist behaviour that pharmacy users exercise in purchasing medication without utilising the pharmacist's expertise and not engaging in dialogue on patient safety should be studied. Further research is needed to analyse pharmacy users' interactions with pharmacists to identify the factors that encourage communication and sharing of all relevant information with pharmacists.
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Milaat, Waleed Abdullah. "An epidemiological profile of perinatal mortality in Jeddah - Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339062.
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Alnaeem, Abdulmohsen. "Factors associated with health and fertility of dairy cows in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252266.
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Dossary, Mesfer. "Health and development in poor countries with particular reference to Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295285.
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This thesis describes and analyses the development of the health care system in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the period since 1970. Two major differences between Saudi Arabia and most other countries have to be isolated. First, as a result of its oil wealth, Saudi Arabia has experienced extremely rapid economic growth over the last twenty years. Second, a very strong value system, Islam, has a persuasive effect upon Saudi society, including the organization of its health care system. The Basic Needs approach, which is favoured here, defines 'economic development' a the satisfaction of certain basic material human needs. Health care is important because it is one such basic need. The principal characteristics of health and health care in poor countries are examined. Patterns of mortality and morbidity are discussed as are the different health systems, and financial and health care planning arrangements, which are to be found. Trends in mortality, morbidity and life expectancy in Saudi Arabia are then discussed, bringing together data not previously assembled. The framework of the Saudi health sector is described. For the first time, the roles of health service providers, other than the Ministry of Health itself, are comprehensively documented. Regression contributions of rising living standards and the development of the health services to improvements in health status. Although some positive results are obtained, inadequate data prevent firm conclusions from being drawn. This crucial issue is therefore pursued on a more analytical level, employing comparative evidence on the experience of other countries. The final judgement is that economic growth, rather than the expansion of the health services, is the principal explanation of better standards of health in Saudi Arabia.
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Bakhashwain, Abdullah Saeed. "Acceptance and utilisation of primary health care in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3798.
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The provision of health services to all the population is one of the highest priorities in many governments' agenda, because the health system, education and social security are important indicators of the level of development of a state. However, the provision of health services to cover all the population is not easy, particularly in many developing counnies, which lack human and financial resources. In 1978, at Alma - Ata WHO and UNICEF jointly declared the primacy of the primary health care ( PHC) approach for achieving the WHO's social goal, " health for all the people by the year 2000". Since then, PHC has become a major concern on national and international levels. Saul Arabia one of the countries which has adopted and implemented the PHC approach.This study explores the implementation of the PHC approach, the utilisation of health services delivered at the health centres and health awareness in Jeddah, a major urban centre in Saudi Arabia, where public and private health services co-exist and compete, and where traditional medicine is still used and practised. A sample comprising both utilisers of the PHC centres and non- utilisers were questioned about their health practices, beliefs and attitudes, and an attempt was made to determine whether socio- economic and demographic characteristics were significantly related to utilisation and health awareness. No single pattern of attitude or behaviour was found to be consistently related to socio-economic or demographic characteristics. However, the findings indicate the general significance of education.The nature of service provision was found to affect satisfaction and a need was found to improve the quality of the health service and to remove bureaucratic barriers which impede utilisation. Although many aspects of PHC are successfully implemented, there is evidence of misunderstandings of the approach by both consumers and providers, which limits both utilisation and satisfaction. In particular providers and users still prioritises curative above preventive medicine, health education is still neglected, and the potential of the media in this respect is under-exploited.Finally, traditional medicine was found to be used and practised, but the finding; indicate there is not necessarily a conflict between the two systems. They appear to be used in a complementary way, and them may be scope for integration.
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Almutiry, Omar Saud. "Data quality assessment instrument for electronic health record systems in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/419029/.
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The provision of high quality data is of considerable importance to both business and government; poor data may lead to poor decisions, so quality plays a crucial role. With the proliferation of electronic data collection by businesses and governments, there has arisen a pressing need to assure this quality. This has been recognized by both the private and public sectors, and many initiatives such as the Data Quality Initiative Framework by the Welsh government, passed in 2004, and the Data Quality Act by the United States government, passed in 2002, have been launched to improve it in those countries. At the same time, healthcare is a domain in which the timely provision of accurate, current and complete patient data is one of the most important objectives. Instigation of a so-called Electronic Health Record (EHR), defined as a repository of patient data in digital form that is stored and exchanged securely and is accessible by different levels of authorized users, has been attracting the attention of both research and industry. EHRs allow information regarding a patient’s health to be distributed among heterogeneous information systems. This evolution has added a layer of complexity in data quality, making data quality assurance a challenging issue, as the key barriers to optimal use of EHR data are the increasing quantity of data and their poor quality. Many data quality frameworks have been developed to measure the quality of data in information systems. However, there is no consensus on a rigorously defined set of data quality dimensions. Existing dimensions are usually based on literature reviews, industrial experiences or intuitive understanding and do not take into consideration the nature of e-healthcare systems. Moreover, definitions of these dimensions vary from one data quality framework to another. The aim of this research is to develop a data quality framework consisting of health-relevant dimensions, and data quality measures that help health organisations to enhance the quality of their data. The study provides both subjective and objective measures for assessing the quality of data. An 11-dimensional data quality framework has been developed and confirmed by EHR stakeholders and a group of experts and data consumers. With each dimension, several associated measures have been developed to help an organisation to measure the quality of the data populating their EHR systems. Some issues linked with the measures associated with security-related dimensions have arisen during the confirmation stage. Therefore, these issues were further discussed and reviewed with security experts in order to revise the proposed framework and its measures. Subsequently, a case study was conducted in a large hospital to examine the practicality of the proposed instrument. The instrument was used to help hospitals to assess their data. After that, the usefulness and practicality of the instrument were examined through an evaluation questionnaire distributed to quality assessment team members. Follow-up interviews with senior managers were carried out to discuss the output of the assessment and its practicality. The contribution of this research is the development of a proper data quality framework for EHRs in the context of Saudi Arabia which resulted in 11 health-relevant data quality dimensions. An instrument was also introduced to represent all developed and confirmed measures that assess data population in EHRs.
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Al-umaran, Saleh. "Culture dimensions of information systems security in Saudi Arabia national health services." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11393.
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The study of organisations’ information security cultures has attracted scholars as well as healthcare services industry to research the topic and find appropriate tools and approaches to develop a positive culture. The vast majority of studies in Saudi national health services are on the use of technology to protect and secure health services information. On the other hand, there is a lack of research on the role and impact of an organisation’s cultural dimensions on information security. This research investigated and analysed the role and impact of cultural dimensions on information security in Saudi Arabia health service. Hypotheses were tested and two surveys were carried out in order to collect data and information from three major hospitals in Saudi Arabia (SA). The first survey identified the main cultural-dimension problems in SA health services and developed an initial information security culture framework model. The second survey evaluated and tested the developed framework model to test its usefulness, reliability and applicability. The model is based on human behaviour theory, where the individual’s attitude is the key element of the individual’s intention to behave as well as of his or her actual behaviour. The research identified a set of cultural and sub-cultural dimensions in SA health information security and services.
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Alharthi, Bshair. "Informing health-related behaviour change in Saudi Arabia : a social marketing approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3819.
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Many Arab countries, such as Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (such as Type 2 diabetes) where obesity is a risk factor. In Saudi Arabia, 30% of men and 40-50% of women are classified as obese (Alquout and Reynolds, 2013). This has led researchers to question the factors that have led to the high incidence of obesity, and in particular, the food choices motives and food-related behaviors made by Saudi citizens. Understanding these underlying factors influencing food and lifestyle choice will help to underpin social marketing support recommendations to change food-related behaviours targeted at Saudi women. This research adopted a mixed method research design consisting of three components. The first, determined the food choice motives of Saudi Arabian adults aged 15-65 (n=377) using the Food Choice Questionnaire (Steptoe et al, (1995). The second phase examined the barriers and facilitators to healthy eating using focus group methodology (n=25) and thematic analysis. Focusing on Saudi Arabian females, the third component explored the opinions of health experts via semi-structured in-depth interviews (n=13) using findings from phase two as elicitation prompts, in order to identify potential solutions to improve eating habits and increase exercise in order to reduce health problems of Saudi women. Insights gained from the results of each study were used to develop social marketing recommendations aimed at encouraging and facilitating healthy eating behaviors and exercise among women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Despite Saudi Arabian women being the target market for the recommendations provided by this thesis, both genders were included all stages of the data collection in order to allow comparative analysis. The results from the questionnaire identified 6 of factors as an important factors affecting food choice of Saudi Arabian adults. Significant factors included; taste, health and wellbeing, and convenience; while price, mood and sensory appeal were found to be less important to this cohort. The factors found to be motivating food choices of Saudi Arabian adults helped to inform the design, content and the participants’ requirement for the second phase, which was to gain a deeper insight into the questionnaire using focus group methodology. The results of the focus group identified a number of barriers to healthy eating which were similar for both males and females, particularly in relation to taste, individuals’ time constraints, will-power, culture and tradition and price. Although price and will-power were seen as major barriers for males, specific barriers for females included time constraints and customs and traditions, particularly at social events which hindered their ability to maintain healthy eating habits. Conversely, the predominant facilitator that encouraged both males and females to opt for healthier foods was the support from others, availability of healthy food, reasonably priced healthy foods and education/awareness of health and wellbeing. In addition, Saudi Arabian females viewed changes to diet and exercise and an investment in public transport to be vital facilitating factors. Health professionals interviewed highlighted additional psychological factors such as depression as a significant barrier to healthy eating. Structural solutions such as health centers with an educational focus and Governmental policies to support healthy behaviors were also identified. The results of the data collection culminated in the development of social marketing recommendations to encourage women to maintain healthier behaviours. Recommendations included both short-term and long-terms initiatives such as, improved health facilities including the provision of gyms, educational classes, dietitian support, subsidised transportation and smart phone applications, and an associated decision support tool to inform future implementation options.
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Al, Magrabi Katibah Saad Aldean. "Geographical aspects of health and use of primary health care services in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21426.
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This thesis examines the contribution that geographical analysis can make to the study of the variation in the patterns of human health and subsequently to the discussion on the type and level of use of the public health service in a rapidly developing country. The current study was conducted in Jeddah Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1994 and 2000. One of the main aims was to examine the pattern of health services provided in Saudi Arabia and this aim was achieved by investigating the provision and use of the Public Healthcare services. An attempt was made to clarify the complex web of relations that existed between, on the one hand, the different socioeconomic and geographic factors and on the other, the distribution of common ailments together with the level of utilization of health services. Shortcomings in the nature of the official health statistics regarding socioeconomic conditions of the patients were remedied through the use of a questionnaire. A tot al of 1000 patients from the eight PHCCs were surveyed for their use of the public health service. Data was collected from the same patients on their socio-economic, education and habitation details. This sample was used to supplement the data collected from the official government health statistics. These two data sets permitted an evaluation of the occurrence of different ailments and the variations in geographic distribution among the eight selected PHCCs. Difficulties persisted in the availability of official 1992 census data until publication of census data became available in 1999. In contrast to the problems of the census data, the availability of accurate and up-to-date patient records compiled by Ministry of Health staff was of considerable benefit to this research project. Use was made of Geographic Information Systems software for the analysis of data collected at the level of the PHCC. This allowed visual identification of the spatial variation in the use of the different health services and also allowed the identification of gaps in healthcare provision. The study showed that a density of habitation index used as a prime indicator of socio-economic status could be used as an indicator of the occurrence level for a number of common diseases. A pattern of disease was observed that suggested that the number of visits to PHCCs was substantially higher in low socio-economic districts compared to medium and higher socio-economic districts. It can be shown that the most common ailment was Upper Respiratory Tract Infections followed by Dental and Gingival diseases. Persons aged between 15 and 44 years made most visits to PHCCs although children under 15 years made proportionately greater use of PHCC facilities. No difference could be found between Saudi and Non Saudi as regards the occurrence of the most common ailments and diseases. The lack of difference was probably due to the close integration of the two population groups and the sharing of the same local environment. This similarity occurred despite considerable differences in income levels and socio-economic status. The level of utilisation of health centers in the selected districts showed differences, being higher in those districts categorized as low socio-economic in the south of Jeddah when compared to higher socio-economic districts in the north of the city. It was evident that the difference in socio-economic factors had an impact on the occurrence of some frequently occurring diseases e.g. URI, Dental, Ophthalmic, musculoskeletal and skin diseases. Although not primarily concerned with private health care facilities, for completeness sake some information was collected on the use of private health care in conjunction with public health care facilities. The author was surprised to discover that greatest use of private facilities occurred among women and children patients from Al Nuzla al Yamaneyyah and Al Thaalebah, districts that were characterised by low socio-economic conditions. The use of traditional folk healing was also briefly studied as this form of treatment remains important for some patients. Results showed that there was no difference between the educational standards of patients and their use of traditional folk healers. Again, children and women constituted the majority (86.6%) of users of traditonal healing with Saudi users (18.9%) higher than non Saudi (11.4%). There remains the supposition that alternative medicine may be of far greater importance than the sparse official data suggests. The unquantified illegal immigrant population may be totally reliant on unofficially operating alternative medicine centres. The thesis concludes by recommending a number of improvements to the existing public health care system. Some changes in the policy and practice of PHCC services will inevitably require more financial resources. These include an extension of the opening times of PHCCs and an increase in the number of specialist facilities such as dental surgeries. Other changes may not require more finances. These include a strengthening of communication and co-operation between PHCCs and hospitals to improve the referral of patients. Expansion of the existing computer network connecting PHCCs with hospitals should be given high priority.
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Natto, Suzan Bakur. "Tobacco smoking and periodontal health in a Saudi Arabian population /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-438-4/.
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Al-Megren, J. S. "Factors influencing the learning process in primary health care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635699.
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Health education is an established, cost-effective primary health care intervention technology, at times the only tool available for disease control. As the PHC approach demands maximal participation by the community in solving its own health problems, the minimum the community can do is to adopt a health life style. Towards this end, the medical profession has a responsibility to initiate desired changes through changing the information levels of the community. Cancer prevention is one of the major arenas where educational inputs could play an important role. As the aeteo-pathogenesis of cancer depends on prolonged exposure to the risk factors, the progress of which can be altered through interventions at different stages of development. To this end, the existing information levels, the factors influencing the learning process in the population at risk (in terms of socio-demographic and cultural determinants), are required to be understood for planning and implementing educational intervention programmes. In this study an effort is made to explore the above mentioned factors with the ultimate goal of projecting an appropriate model for cancer education in a PHC setting in Saudi Arabia, by spelling-out the needed educational inputs in terms of culturally acceptable methods and material.
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Saleh, Doha Mahmoud Ismail. "The utilisation of ambulatory health care services in Saudi Arabia : a quantitative analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1862/.
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The thesis aims to investigate whether need is the major determinant of ambulatory health care utilisation for Saudi nationals in Saudi Arabia. This is done by applying multivariate analysis on the utilisation of both curative and preventive services on the data provided by the 1996 Saudi Arabia Family Health Survey. The analysis is applied within the framework of Andersen's sociobehavioural model, categorizing the factors that affect health services utilisation into predisposing, enabling and need factors. It can be concluded from the results that although need seems to be an important determinant of ambulatory health care utilisation, some of the predisposing and enabling factors were also found to affect health services utilisation, although the degree of their effect differs according to the health condition and type of services tested for. Need is dominant with regards to the utilisation of health services in response to children's diarrhoea, infants' full immunisation and attending at least one prenatal care session. But since some of the predisposing and enabling factors were found to affect health services utilisation, this highlights the importance of addressing the factors that were found to impede the utilisation at the health care system level as well as at the society level in order to achieve a more equitable health care system.
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Al-Neami, Ibrahim Ali Ahmed. "Factors affecting work performance of health practitioners in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2016. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7392.
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Aim. This study aimed to explore factors influencing health practitioners’ work performance. This knowledge will facilitate development of appropriate support and education for health practitioners in delivering quality healthcare. Design and participants. A mixed method exploratory descriptive study using cross-sectional methodology was used to gather relevant data and obtain an overview from 60 health workers and 40 health managers in health facilities operated by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Survey questionnaire followed by selected unstructured interviews to gather data were used. Descriptive statistics, particularly the percentage and weighted mean (Wm) were used. Findings: Results showed that a typical health practitioner in Jazan, KSA has a mean age of 31.17 (health workers) and 28 (health managers). Majority are female (68.33% health workers; 85% health managers) and from other Asian countries. Most have Diploma in Nursing/Midwifery (46.67% health workers; 55% health managers) as educational qualification. Many of them are charge nurses (41.67%). The average number of years they have worked is 6.92 years for the health worker and 12.63 years for the health managers. The health workers showed agreement on the utilization of performance appraisal in their unit (Wm=3.66); however, they were uncertain on their appraisal regarding remuneration, benefits, and recognition (Wm=3.30) as well as uncertain on staffing and work schedules (Wm=3.01) and staff development (Wm=2.39). Factors affecting their work performance were generally intermediate in nature (Wm=2.39), but shortage of staff specifically was a major factor (Wm=3.27). They perceived the strategies to improve and maintain excellent performance as moderately needed (Wm=2.23). Health managers were often involved in management tasks (Wm=2.89) and they assessed their skills as “Good” (Wm=3.63). Conclusion. Many of the health practitioners in Jazan are predominantly younger, female expatriates. They encounter issues in their job and in management that may affect their work performance. Addressing these issues is necessary to assist their development and support work performance. The strategic plan developed from these results will support the education and training of these health practitioners and will be implemented and evaluated.
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Saigh, Budor Hamid. "Health related quality of life screening for children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75397/.
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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the welfare of children, whether they have special needs or health conditions such as ASD, or not (Al-Fayez & Ohaeri, 2011). It is also important to acknowledge that children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and neurotypical children in schools may be affected by low self-esteem, poor physical health, or psychological distress, and this could in turn influence their QoL. For these reasons, it is essential that children’s QoL is measured and understood, as this may give better insights into how their lives can be improved. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the QoL for both schoolchildren with ASD and neurotypical schoolchildren within the KSA school system. This study also aims to increase the validity for a standardised QoL instrument in Arabic for schoolchildren with ASD. Finally, it aims to compare QoL in KSA schoolchildren with ASD with those from Republic of Ireland. In order to achieve the pervious aims, quantitative approach has been employed. The quantitative component consists of the instrument translation and standardised assessment of QoL in KSA schoolchildren. This method is selected due to the need to empirically and objectively evaluate QoL in KSA schoolchildren as well as compare this dataset with pre-existing samples, such as that of the Kidscreen data collected amongst Irish schoolchildren. In KSA, while neurotypical schoolchildren rated their quality of life higher than schoolchildren with ASD, overall the findings of this study suggest that most Saudi Arabian schoolchildren with ASD enjoy a high health-related quality of life. Findings in this study will be of interest to the education sector and to people working with and on behalf of schoolchildren and young people.
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Bargawi, Amina Adam. "Identification of quality attributes for primary health care services in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43079.
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In this study, the researcher attempts to identify special quality attributes in primary health care services in Saudi Arabia. Knowledge about these attributes will help in improving the quality of primary care services and enhance consumers' and providers' satisfaction. In addition, this study is trying to bridge the quality perception gap between PHC providers and consumers. A descriptive survey design (questionnaire) was used as the research methodology. The researcher developed the questionnaire after extensive revision of related literatures, its validity and reliability was carefully addressed. The study was conducted at the selected 18 Ministry of Health PHC centres at Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Random stratified sampling process were used to select the PHC consumers while, available sampling was used to select the PHC providers. The data is analyzed by using the (SPSS) program. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, t -test and ANOVA were used. The result of the study indicated that PHC providers and consumers in Saudi Arabia perceived the four aspects of quality (structure, technical process, interpersonal process and outcomes) as very important, and they gave the structure aspect the higher importance rate among the others. The three most important PHC attributes are tangible, preventive services and staffing, whereas the least important attribute is the community participation. While a vaccination service is judged by both PHC providers and consumers as "Excellent" services, the Dental clinic, Community participation, Environmental health and Radiology service were judge as "Good" services. The general level of the quality of the PHC services was scored around 70%. "Deficiencies of medical equipments and materials" was the most frequent criteria against which the PHC providers judge the existence of poor quality, whereas, "provider show no courtesy and bad manner when dealing with the consumers" the most frequent criteria against which the PHC consumers judge the poor quality of PHC services. The implications of the findings were discussed, and recommendations were given to rectify certain problems.
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Alsaleh, N. S. M. "Identifying health education competencies for primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia : a Delphi Consensus Study." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/39563/.
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Research Aim: The primary aim of this Saudi-based study is to identify health-education competencies (knowledge, skills & attitudes) for Primary Health Care (PHC) nurses. Although the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) has highlighted the importance of health education provided in PHC by nurses, there have been no studies into the required competencies in the Saudi context. Methods: The Delphi technique was employed with a sample of sixty PHC nurses who matched the study’s inclusion criteria and they took part in a three-round questionnaire. A consensus criterion of 60 per cent was adopted for the study. The first round asked participants’ opinions about what items should be included within health education competencies for PHC nurses by selecting (Yes, No, Uncertain). In the second round, participants were asked to rank the competencies on which there had been no initial consensus, using a five-point Likert scale. In the final round, participants selected agree or disagree for each of the remaining competencies. Following the Delphi technique an interactive workshop was undertaken with primary health care nurses and service users, to consider the next steps and practical piloting and testing of the competencies. Principal Findings: The expert Delphi panellists eventually reached consensus on 45 of the 48 competencies for PHC nurses to engage in health-education practice. These competencies were classified into three domains: knowledge (22), skills (10) and attitudes (13). Three competencies related to knowledge did not reach consensus in the three rounds. The main outcomes of the interactive workshop suggest that service users would welcome the introduction of technology within the delivery of health education, and the PHC nurses confirmed the need for more training courses in order to improve their practice of health education. Importance and Relevance: This is the first study to identify health-education competencies for PHC nurses in S.A. The results from this study represent a contribution to knowledge in a PHC setting and they can assist the MOH by being an initial step on the road to developing a national competency and curriculum framework for PHC nurses’ practice. Also, it is the first study to involve service users.
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Alyousef, S. M. "The extent of mental health professional stigma on people with mental health problems in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41449/.
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Research Aim: The primary purpose of this Saudi-based study is to identify the stigma surrounding mental health problems, as well as to identify the existing and latent views of mental health professionals holding a stigma towards people living with mental health problems in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It will focus on mental health experts involved in health care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A methodological strategy was devised, via the use of a mixed-method approach, which uses quantitative (phase 1) and qualitative (phase 2) data collection approaches and analytical techniques. In Phase 1 (50 participants), two tools were used to assess stigma; the Emotional Reaction on People with mental health problems Scale, and the Attitude Scale. In Phase 2 (5 participants), a one-hour focus group discussion was the method of data collection. The reliability of the two scales for Phase 1 evaluated by measuring internal consistency using SPSS. In Phase 2, Nvivo, version 10 was used for an analysis of the data. The group discussion was thematically analyzed. Principal Findings: The findings confirm that many mental health care providers hold a professional stigma against those with mental health problems of varying degrees. And how the existence and extent of these views might impact on the services provided by mental health professionals and the recovery of people with mental health problems. Phase 1 findings indicate factors that lead to professional stigma, wherein ‘exclusion’, ‘rejection and caution’ and ‘risk and fear’ lead to high levels of professional stigma against people with mental health problems. Phase 2 findings, fit into four main themes influence the issue of professional stigma in mental health services: ‘experiences of professional stigma’; ‘causes of professional stigma’; ‘impact of professional stigma on mental health services’ and ‘recommended minimizing stigma’. The findings of the present study point to the significant convergent between emotional reactions with negative attitudes exhibited regarding people with mental health problems. It was also found that interactions with individuals with mental health concerns contributed to an increase in incidences of stigma by professional mental health staff. Also, it has been shown that insufficient knowledge and undesirable perceptions of people with mental health problems remain apparent, both in Saudi Arabian society and in the mental health profession. Conclusion: It is necessary to focus on reducing professional stigma against people with mental health problems. This can be accomplished through appropriate practices, mental health training, education, and research, as well as professional and social awareness through the media in S.A.; publicize ethical guidelines for mental health care professionals; enhance the provision of mental health practitioners in mental health care services; enact legislation by the Ministry of Health in S.A. Keywords: Stigma, mental health problems, and mental health professional perspective, Saudi Arabia.
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Pelser, Anya. "Assessing the knowledge and opinions of registered nurses with reference to quality indicators in clinincal nursing within a tertiary health institution in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17938.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The quality of care nurses provide to patients is done with the expectation that skills and knowledge of each registered nurse will result in quality patient care. Compliance statistics for quality indicators (level of service indicators) or (LSI’s) in the tertiary health care institution in Saudi Arabia varies, raising the following questions: “Do nurses understand the importance of quality indicators in clinical nursing and do they know how to use them to improve patient care?” No studies done on registered nurses’ knowledge and opinions of quality indicators could be found thus indicate the necessity of a research study to determinine the knowledge and opinions of registered nurses on quality indicators in clinical nursing in the tertiary healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. This is the focus of this research. The objectives of the study were: - To determine the current knowledge and opinions of the professional nurses regarding quality indicators in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia - To identify the factors that influence identification of quality indicators in clinical nursing - To identify the need for a training program regarding nurse sensitive quality indicators Data was collected through a questionnaire handed to more than 200 nurses working in general wards and intensive care areas in a single Saudi Arabian hospital. Participants were selected through a randomised list. The registered nurses who have participated in the pilot study’s responses were excluded from the final data analysis. No patients were included or involved in the study. A descriptive design with a quantitative approach was applied to investigate the professional nurses’ knowledge and opinions on quality indicators (level of service indicators) or (LSI’s) in clinical nursing in Saudi Arabia. Research data suggests that the knowledge and opinions of registered nurses in the tertiary health care institution in Saudi Arabia are not supporting the expectations of quality assurance in clinical nursing. Registered nurses have strong opinions of quality indicators in clinical nursing but do not have the knowledge to support those opinions. Improving initial and recurring training on quality indicators provided to nursing staff with diverse backgrounds and high turnover was recommended as an essential component in using quality indicators to drive improvements in patient care.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwaliteit verpleegsorg wat verpleegkundiges op ‘n daaglikse basis aan kliente bied gaan gepaard met die verwagting dat hulle oor die kennis en bevoegtheid moet beskik om kwaliteit verpleegsorg aan te wend wat ‘n langdurige positiewe uitkoms met verwysing na pasientsorg kan bied. Die kwaliteits aanwyser statistieke in die tersiere gesondheidsorg sisteem verskil maandeliks en het die navorser geinspireer om ‘n studie te doen om te bepaal of geregistreerde verpleegkundiges verstaan wat die belangrikheid van kwaliteits aanwysers is en of hulle die kennis het oor die gebruik daarvan, in watter opsigte dit gebruik kan word en wat die voordele inhou wanneer kennis en applikasie daarvan vir kliniese verpleging toegepas word. Literatuur met betrekking tot vorige studies omtrent kennis en opinies van geregistreerde verpleegkundiges tot kwaliteits aanwysers in kliniese verpleeging kon nie deur die navorser gevind word wat gebruik kon word as agtergrond of ondersteuning tot die studie nie. Die fokus van die navorsings studie was om geregistreerde verpleegkundiges se kennis en opinies te bepaal met betrekking tot kwaliteits aanwysers in kliniese verpleging in die tersiere gesondheidsorg sisteem in Saudi Arabie. Die doelwitte van die studie was om: - Die huidige kennis en opinies van geregistreerde verpleegkundiges met betrekking tot kwaliteits aanwysers in die tersiere gesondheidsorg sisteem in Saudi Arabie te bepaal - Om faktore wat ‘n invloed op identifikasie van kwaliteits aanwysers het te identifiseer - Om die nodigheid van ‘n opleidings program met betrekking tot kwaliteits aanwysers te bepaal Die data van die studie was ingesamel deur middel van ‘n vraelys wat aan die geregistreerde verpleegkundiges meesal werksaam is in algemene sale of intensiewe sorgeenhede. Deelnemers was gekies deur middel van ‘n alternatiewe lys. Die deelnemers aan die loots studie was ge-ellimineer van die finale data analise. Geen pasiente was betrokke by die studie nie. ‘n Beskrywende ontwerp met ‘n kwantitatiewe benadering was toegepas om geregistreerde verpleegkundiges se kennis en opinies omtrent kwaliteits aanwysers in kliniese verpleging in die tersiere gesondheidsorg sisteem in Saudi Arabie te toets. Die navorsing het bewys dat die kennis en opinies van geregistreerde verpleegkundiges in die tersiere gesondheidsorg sisteem in Saudi Arabie nie op ‘n aanvaarbare standard kan geklassifiseer word nie asook nie die nodige kwaliteits versekering in kliniese verpleging ondersteun nie. Die studie bewys dat geregistreerde verpleegkundiges beskik oor genoegsame opinies omtrent kwaliteitaanwysers maar nie noodwendig oor die kennis om hulle opinies daaroor te ondersteun nie. Die studie is ook uitkoms gebaseerd omtrent die nodigheid van ‘n opleidings program met betrekking tot kwaliteits versekering in kliniese verpleegkunde te implimenteer, insluitend die vakgebied van kwaliteits aanwysers in kliniese verpleeging.
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Arnaout, Ziad Hisham. "Diffusion of Technology in Small to Medium Medical Providers in Saudi Arabia." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1665.
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The Saudi ministry of health reported that government health care spending doubled from 2008 to 2011. To address increased demand, the government encouraged small to medium enterprise (SME) growth. However, SME leaders could not leverage technology as a growth enabler because they lacked strategies to address operating inefficiencies associated with technology. Only 50% of hospitals fully implemented information technology. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore lived experiences of SME leaders on strategies needed to accelerate technology implementation. This exploration drew on a conceptual framework developed from Wainwright and Waring's framework addressing issues of technology adoption. Data were collected from semistructured interviews of 20 SME leaders in Saudi Arabia. A modified van Kaam method was used to analyze participants' interview transcripts in search of common themes. The main themes were strategies to address human resources, clinical teams, funding, and organizational and leadership alignment to accelerate the diffusion of technology. Findings indicated that insurance companies influence SME operations, growth, and survival. Analysis of findings revealed the need for change in management, training, implementation follow up, and staff retention to accelerate technology implementation. Application of findings has the potential to promote positive social change in guiding SME leaders to be change agents and enabling them to create a reliable, sustainable health care delivery system.
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Aldossari, Najla. "Agents of their health? : mothers as agents of children's oral health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15717/.
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Background: This study is the first of its kind; it questions the legitimacy of Western conceptualisations of oral health promotion in a culture that differs vastly from the West. Although within the dental literature the term agency has been implicit but has yet be explicated in relation to children's oral health. The aim of this study was to explore mothers' agency in relation to children's oral health in Saudi Arabia. Method: This study involved using ethnographic and narrative methods. The approach adopted involved participant observation of 25 Saudi mothers with their children and dentists within dental visits followed by in-depth interviews with the mothers. Convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis and construction of vignettes as a template to both describe and analyse qualitative data. Results: Saudi mothers are dental treatment agents who acquire services for their children more than as oral health agents according to the nature of the public dental services. It was also found that dimensions of the agency within the private daily life of Saudi homes was enhanced or impacted according to the extended family networks, religion as a power, cultural expectations and daily practices. Conclusions and implications: Oral health promotion in Saudi Arabia appears potentially more complex, according to the relative nature of the public domains and the nature of the private home space may both enhance and restrict mothers' agency. Considering the mother's agency is vital to promote effective outcomes in Saudi Arabia. This might be achieved by a range of actions including focusing on preventive measures, mother's involvement and communication, increasing awareness of a healthy diet and sugar consumption in public policies.
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Aldeham, Khalid. "Needs Assessment of Users of Psychiatric Services in Saudi Arabia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1904.
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Background: the aims of this study were to assess the outpatients needs among 155 patients at Al-Amal Complex for Mental Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and identifying the demographic variables that are associated with these needs. Method: the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS) was used to assess the needs and the demographic questionnaire was used to identify the patient’s demographic variables includes gender, age, income and level of education. Results: patient who meets any one of these criteria; being elderly, poor, and the uneducated are more likely to have higher total number of needs. Men and women are more likely to report similar met needs, but women are more likely expressed more unmet needs.
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Aljaid, Bandar. "Health communication and Islam : a critique of Saudi Arabia's efforts to prevent substance abuse." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22734.
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Health communication has gained worldwide recognition as one of the most effective methods for tackling global health challenges; a conclusion that is supported by a range of studies showing generally positive results. Literature in the field has tended to focus on one of two perspectives: either individual behaviour change or a cultural/critical approach. This dissertation, which falls into the latter category, extends previous work on health communication and culture into a new context, namely Saudi Arabia. The thesis is motivated by two main research questions. First, how has culture influenced health communication in Saudi Arabia specifically in initiatives against illicit drug use and alcohol abuse? Second, how has this communication developed? At the heart of this study is the role of Saudi culture in health communication in an increasingly interdependent and connected world. The dissertation makes use of mixed qualitative data collection methods. Principally, it utilised semi-structured interviews with key officials and focus groups with young Saudis and health promoters in Saudi Arabia as well as attendance at and observation of health-communication events and permanent exhibitions as a subordinate method. The study reveals promising findings supporting the growing scholarly interest in the cultural dimension of health communication. It concludes that the key influence of the Saudi culture on health communication against substance abuse is Islamic beliefs about health, in particular those about substance abuse. These beliefs created a rejection of illicit drug abuse in Saudi society, thereby shaping a supportive environment for promotion activities against risky health behaviour. In addition, Islamic influence inspired the related regulations and laws in the kingdom. Islamic and local influences exert a powerful influence on the practical side of health communication in Saudi Arabia, including the content of messages, the appeal used to attract the specific audience, and the communication channels used to promote the campaigns. The study engages with four concepts constituting the Islamic model of health and illicit drug abuse: prohibition (haram), promotion (Da’wah), repentance and inclusiveness (Tawbah), and treatment and rehabilitation (Elaj). The study also examines controversial issues about health communication in the country, such as the predominance of top-down communication, the absence of participatory communication and cultural diversity. In short, a lack of innovation and creativity in delivering health communication messages. The study illustrates the major role the Saudi government has played in communicating health and substance abuse since the 1980s, when officials realised the need to modernise the means of communicating health and drug issues from mosque-based only to include modern methods such as televised campaigns, school-based programmes and hospital-based health education. Since then, government-led health communication initiatives have been well established in the kingdom. The dissertation is able to demonstrate a critical understanding of the reality of health communication against substance abuse in Saudi Arabia and make a range of recommendations to improve the efficacy of current policies and suggest new avenues for future research.
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Aljaffary, Afnan. "Exploring public attitudes towards the health system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21805/.
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This study explores public attitudes towards healthcare in the Eastern Province of KSA. It employs a sequential mixed-method design. Semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with fifty-four participants in the Eastern Province. The qualitative arm of the study used a framework thematic analysis. A questionnaire was constructed from evidence-based items from four sources: an international performance assessment framework, literature review, systematic review, and the FGDs. The questionnaire was administered to 813 participants using on-site and online recruitment modes. Two qualitative validity assessments and quantitative construct validity and reliability tests were then carried out for the questionnaire. The FGDs indicate a public sense of pride in the Saudi health system. However, some concerns emerged from the FDGs-most notably, access barriers to the government health sector including the referral system from primary to secondary care and the necessity of personal connections, or 'wasta', to access timely care. Access barriers also emerged in the private health sector, namely the affordability of care and health insurance companies' delays in responding to medical claims. Participants also considered their inability to discuss treatment plans and to be involved in decision-making processes with their doctors as issues in both the public and private sectors. Participants were also concerned about the Ministry of Health (MOH) monitoring and regulating both sectors. This affected participant attitudes towards health service provisions. The questionnaire demonstrated qualitative validity and good psychometric properties in construct validity and internal reliability. Participants perceived doctor-patient communication as the most positive aspect of the Saudi health system while they perceived MOH monitoring of the private sector and affordability of care as the most negative aspects. Socio-demographic characteristics were considered as strong predictors of participants' attitudes towards the health system, and nationality and insurance status were identified as the most frequent predictors of satisfaction. Recommendations include implementing policies that monitor pricing in the private sector, fairer access to government healthcare, and patient involvement in decision-making processes. Future research should investigate the relationship between public attitudes towards the Saudi health system and health-related decisions to ensure better use of healthcare services in KSA.
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Alghamdi, Saleh. "The adoption of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.768496.
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Aim: This thesis aims to explore and investigate the level and process of adoption of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASPs) and factors influencing their implementation in Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals. The findings of this study will provide hospitals and policy makers with evidence-based recommendations on how barriers to ASPs adoption can be overcome, which will ultimately improve antimicrobial use and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Method: A mixed method approach was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals in three Saudi hospitals to explore the enablers and barriers to their adoption of ASPs. A survey was then developed based on these findings to investigate the level of hospitals’ adoption of ASPs and factors influencing their implementation at a national level. Further, a case study using in-depth interviews was utilised to understand the process of ASP adoption in a Saudi hospital, and how adoption challenges were addressed. Finally, a self-administered questionnaire was used to examine patients’ knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial use and resistance, and to evaluate the institutional role of patient education on antimicrobial use in two Saudi hospitals. The overall methodology of the research is summarised in Figure I. Results: Despite the introduction of a national ASP strategy, adoption of ASPs in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Organisational barriers such as the lack of senior management support, lack of supportive IT infrastructure and the shortage of ASP team members hinder hospitals’ efforts to adopt ASPs. Further barriers relate to the lack of formal enforcement by MOH and the physicians fears of patients' complications and clinical liability. Patients admitted to Saudi hospitals lack knowledge and perceptions of AMR, and the adoption of ASPs may improve hospitals’ role in patients' education. Conclusions: Despite the established benefits of ASPs, their adoption in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Urgent action is needed to address the strategies priorities associated with AMR, including access to antimicrobials, antimicrobial stewardship and education and research. Policy makers are urged to consider making ASPs adoption in hospitals a regulatory requirement supported by national guidelines and surveillance programmes. It is essential to increase the provision of ID and infection control residency and training programmes to meet the extreme shortage of ID physicians, pharmacists, microbiologists and infection control practitioners. Higher education institutions and teaching hospitals are required to introduce antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship competencies into undergraduate Medical, Pharmacy, Dental, Nursing and Veterinary curriculum, as well as introduction of AMR topics in order to increase knowledge and awareness of ASPs and AMR. Collaboration between ASPs adopting and non-adopting hospitals is essential to share implementation experience, strategies and solutions to overcome barriers. Healthcare specialised associations are needed to be part of AMR conversation and guide healthcare professionals’ training and accreditation. Multiple stakeholders should be actively part of the conversations around tacking AMR. Primary care, secondary care, community pharmacies and policy makers should strive to create a shared culture of responsibility among all healthcare partners to improve antimicrobial therapy and reduce risks of AMR
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Algamdi, S. J. "Older patients' satisfaction with home health care services in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40219/.
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In this study, I have presented the background of the current health services supported by the Saudi government and how these services work. Older patients’ satisfaction and home health care are discussed, ageing population as well. Also, the theory of patient-centered care which is used in the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia is presented and reviewed in this thesis. To answer the research questions, hypothesis and meet the objectives, two main methods were used for this study, employing a cross-sectional survey and subsequent qualitative interviews. It included three major aspects regarding the pertaining topic of research, i.e. ageing, patients’ satisfaction and home health care. These three areas are explored in consideration with educational level, gender and marital status of the employed participants. The Home Care Patient Satisfaction Instrument - Revised (HCCSI-R) was used. For this questionnaire, a response rate of 87% participants (n=410) was achieved. The findings of the quantitative part of this study showed that there is high contentment amongst patients about the Home Health Care (HHC) services being provided in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. This is indicated in the findings, which reveal that 99.3% of respondents would recommend the service to other older people; while a mere 0.7% of people would not. The next part of this study has presented the in-depth qualitative interviews and analyzed the results using the content analysis which revealed several overarching themes related to providers’ perceptions of home health services. These topics reflect the common experiences of the group such as the Perceptions of HHC services as providing comprehensive medical care which serves to provide the effective care, reduce the burden on hospitals for the chronically ill, minimize the period of stay for patients, reduce rates of infection, improve psychological health of patients, and maintain patient dignity. In the end, keeping in view the variabilities of customs and religious conventions, recommendations are made to enhance the quality of services. Through the discussion with service providers and leaders in the Ministry of Health, it has been proposed pre-emptive action to improve the existing home health care services along with recommendations to further strengthen these services in the latter part of this study. With these findings, this study has recommended that Patients should be treated in compliance with their respective cultural arrangement to maintain their comfort level , also do further future research in this field to discuss any changes or developments or (opposite) in the services provided to patients, considering how much has been addressing the problems relating to the consent of the patients under the complicated environment such as Al Baha region with taking account that the culture is a central issues in this thesis and it could be an issue for similar researches globally. I believe that, this study is the newest and I am the first researcher on this topic until now in the Saudi context.
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Brand, Catharina Gertruida Maria. "Factors influencing change management in a selected hospital in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80141.
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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Saudi Arabia has experienced a number of changes due to revolutionary new findings and technologies, discoveries and new research in the health care arena, which has proven and contradicted a new approach to health care delivery. Demands by patients who have become more educated, the emergence of new or modern disease profiles which demand a new way of approach and a quickening in the pace of change, hurled unfamiliar and often demanding and challenging conditions at management One such change, as addressed in this study, is the change from a paper-based patient record system to a computer based patient information system to which all healthcare professionals in the multidisciplinary team had access to. However, not all change is welcomed, accepted or viewed as necessary by those who have to carry out or use new technologies. Change is harsh, and part of the problem is identifying factors that influence change initiatives. This study addresses the perceptions of nursing personnel of the process of change from a paper-based to a computer based (Quadramed) patient record system. The study design used a quantitative and descriptive approach in which a structured, self-designed questionnaire was used to obtain data from 117 professional nurses at a selected healthcare facility in the Eastern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The theoretical framework used for this study was the Model for Change Management as designed by the Prosci Institute for Research, also referred to as the ADKAR Model of Change Management (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement). The major findings of this study revealed that 97.44% of the respondents were non-Saudi individuals, and were mainly from the Philippines (69.24%), with (95.65% being female with an average age of 37-42 years. Most (47%) were in possession of specialty qualifications in medical, surgical nursing and experience between 8-10 years, of which 2-3 years had been in Saudi Arabia. In regard to 61.3% of the respondents it was found that they had no prior knowledge of computerised patient records. The nurse managers played a vital role in providing the most information and support to adjust to the system. With reference to the aspect of patient safety, positive feedback about the QCPR was provided by the majority of respondents. Most of the respondents experienced change positively, and 70% indicated that being involved played a major role in their positive attitude. Recommendations include that reasons for change should be more clearly communicated, suggestions for change should be valued more by managers and rumours and uncertainties about change should be addressed as and when appropriate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Saoedi-Arabië het 'n aantal veranderinge ondervind as gevolg van revolusionêre nuwe bevindings en tegnologie, ontdekkings en nuwe navorsing in die gesondheidsorg arena, wat 'n nuwe benadering tot die lewering van gesondheidsorg bewys en weerspreek. Eise deur pasiënte wat meer geletterd is, en nuwe en moderne siekte profiele eis 'n nuwe benadering tot verandering. Die versnelling in die tempo van verandering is dikwels onbekend, veeleisend en uitdagende vir die bestuur van gesondheidsinstellings. Een so 'n verandering, soos dit in hierdie studie aangespreek word, is die verandering van 'n papier-gebaseerde na 'n rekenaar-gebaseerde pasiënt inligting stelsel wat aan alle lede van die multidissiplinêre gesondheidsorg span toegang verleen. Nogtans word nie alle verandering verwelkom, aanvaar of as nodig beskou deur diegene wat die dienste uitvoer of die nuwe tegnologie moet gebruik nie. Verandering is gekompliseerde proses, en deel van die probleem is die identifisering van faktore wat 'n invloed op die veranderings inisiatiewe het. Hierdie studie fokus op die persepsies van die verpleegpersoneel tydens die proses van verandering van 'n papier-gebaseerde tot 'n rekenaar gebaseerde (Quadramed) pasiënt rekord stelsel. Die studie-ontwerp gebruik 'n kwantitatiewe, beskrywende benadering wat 'n gestruktureerde, self-ontwerpte vraelys gebruik om data te verkry van 117 professionele verpleegsters by 'n geselekteerde gesondheidsorg fasiliteit in die Oostelike Provinsie van die Koninkryk van Saoedi-Arabië. Die teoretiese raamwerk wat gebruik word vir hierdie studie was die model vir veranderingsbestuur soos ontwerp deur die Prosci Instituut vir Navorsing, waarna ook verwys word as die “ADKAR Model of Change Management” (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement). Die belangrikste bevindings van hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat 97,44% van die respondente was nie-Saoedi-individue nie, en was hoofsaaklik van die Filippyne (69,24%), met (95,65%) vroue met 'n gemiddelde ouderdom van 37-42 jaar. Die meeste (47%) was in besit van gespesialiseerde kwalifikasies in mediese, chirurgiese verpleeging. Die meeste van die respondente het tussen 8-10 jaar ervaring in verpleegkunde gehad, waarvan 2-3 jaar in Saoedi-Arabië was. Met betrekking tot 61,3% van die respondente dit is gevind dat hulle geen vorige kennis van die gerekenariseerde pasiënt rekords gehad het nie. Die saal bestuurder het 'n belangrike rol gespeel in die verskaffing van die meeste inligting en ondersteuning om aan te pas tot die nuwe stelsel. Met verwysing na die aspek van die veiligheid van pasiënte, is positiewe terugvoer oor die QCPR voorsien deur die meerderheid van die respondente. Die meeste van die respondente het ook die verandering positief ervaar, en 70% het aangedui dat hul betrokkenheid 'n belangrike rol gespeel het in hul positiewe gesindheid. Aanbevelings sluit in dat die redes vir verandering duidelik gekommunikeer behoort te word, voorstelle vir verandering moet erkenning kry deur bestuurders en gerugte en onsekerhede oor verandering moet aangespreek word soos en wanneer toepaslik.
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Madi, Sanaa. "The voice of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their mothers in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2b5bdd63-09e6-41a0-a28f-828cee3774e5.
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This research reports the study conducted in Saudi Arabia, which aimed to explore: 1) the perception of the term CP with CP children and their mothers, 2) the implication of the meaning for mothers of children with CP, 3) the experiences of being a child with CP in Saudi Arabia. A qualitative approach was taken using critical ethnography methodology, informed by Bronfenbrenner's (1989, 1992 & 2005) ecological theory framework. Data were collected in two phases: Phase one involved two focus group interviews with 6 mothers of children with CP and follow up semi-structured interviews with three of them. The second phase of the research focused on interviews with children with CP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 children ranging between 5-17 years of age. Talking Mats, an innovative communication tool, was used to enable two children with difficult verbal communication to give their views.
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Al-Otaibi, Abdullah Saleh. "An assessment of the role of organisational culture in health care provision in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-assessment-of-the-role-of-organisational-culture-in-health-care-provision-in-saudi-arabia(3eae33be-53b4-47f3-8af8-e6535d7d7130).html.
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The health care system in Saudi Arabia has faced a variety of problems affecting its services, especially in the management area, for example in coordination, duplication of services, authority and leadership. These problems have resulted in patients having difficulty accessing services, in long waiting lists, in medical malpractice and in dissatisfaction among patients and employees. At fault appears to be the organisational culture in the Saudi public sector. To understand this culture and to be able to change it in a positive way, this study applies the Competing Values Framework (CVF) to health care providers in Saudi Arabia. Since this application goes beyond the original Western context of the CVF, it is important to analyse the national culture of Saudi Arabia. Using a critical application of Hofstede’s framework, it was characterised by high power distance, collectivism, femininity and risk aversion. The organisational culture of the health service and its hospitals reflects these societal characteristics. Application of the CVF revealed a balance between the four types of organisational culture in the Saudi health care provision, in both the current and preferred situations. The findings also revealed that a hierarchy culture had slight prevalence when compared to other types in the current situation, while clan culture was slightly more prevalent in the preferred situation. To improve Saudi health care provision, a balance and a uniform strengthening of the four types of cultures (clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchy) is required. The findings of the research will be of use across Arab countries in a variety of public service settings. In addition, this research makes a considerable addition to a rather sparse stock of empirical studies in the management of culture in the Arab Gulf states.
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Alfaqeeh, Ghadah Ahmad. "Access and utilisation of primary health care services in Riyadh Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/603523.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces an increasing chronic disease burden. Despite the increase in numbers of primary health care centres (PHCCs) current evidence from the KSA, which is limited overall, suggests that access and utilisation of PHCCs, which are key to providing early intervention services, remain unequal with its rural populations having the poorest access and utilisation of PHCCs and health outcomes. There is a dearth (lack) of information from the KSA on the barriers and facilitators affecting access and utilisation of primary health care services (PHCS) and therefore this study aimed to examine the factors influencing the access and utilisation of primary health care centre (PHCC) in urban and rural areas of Riyadh province of the KSA. The behavioural model of health services use (Andersen’s model) provided the contextual and individual characteristics and predisposing, enabling and need factors which assist with an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to access and utilisation of PHCCs in Riyadh province. A mixed methods approach was used to answer the research questions and meet the objectives of the study. The converged qualitative and quantitative findings show that there are a number of predisposing (socio-demographic characteristics; language and communication and cultural competency) enabling barriers such as; distance from PHCCs to the rural residence, lack of services, new services, staff shortages, lack of training, PHC infrastructure, and poor equipment. Facilitators: service provider behaviour/communication, free PHCS, service provision and improvements, primary health care (PHC) infrastructure, manpower, opening hours, waiting time, and segregated spaces and need (increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, PHC developments in the KSA) factors influencing access and utilisation of PHCS. This study highlights important new knowledge on the barriers and facilitators to access and utilisation of PHCS in Riyadh province in the KSA. The findings have some important policy and planning implications for the MOH in the KSA. Specifically, the findings suggest: the need for clear documentation/guidance on minimum standards against which the PHCS can be measured; an audit of service availability at the PHCCs, regular patient satisfaction evaluations of PHCS, that the MOH take a parallel approach and continue to resource and improve buildings and equipment in existing PHCCs, the recruiting of more GPs, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists and physiotherapists to meet patient demand and more Saudi health care staff, more targeted health education and interventions for the prevention of chronic diseases in the KSA and the need for an appointment system for attending the PHCCs. There is a need for further research into the barriers and enablers to accessing and utilising health care in Riyadh and the KSA overall. This research would be made easier with a clearer definition of rural and urban in the KSA context which would allow a greater comparability between urban and rural PHCS for future research, audit and evaluation as well as comparison with PHCS in other parts of the world. The Andersen model provided a useful conceptual model to frame this research and provided a structure for contrasting and comparing the findings with other studies that have used the Andersen model to understand the barriers and enablers to accessing and utilising health care services.
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Nelson, Anna. "Using the theory of planned behavior to predict infant restraint use in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Loma Linda University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3721189.
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Objectives. Despite a child restraint system (CRS) law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A.), compliance has been minimal. We explored the salient behavioral, normative and control beliefs, which may predict intentions of CRS use in K.S.A; identified which of them independently predicted attitude, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC); and tested the effect of attitude, SN, and PBC on the intent for CRS use.
Methodology. This study was conducted in two stages. During the qualitative stage two focus groups were conducted (n=25). The identified beliefs were incorporated into a survey following Ajzen's guidelines. 196 pregnant women completed surveys at Dallah Hospital, Riyadh during June, 2013. In a separate observation to measure the CRS usage, two nurses discretely monitored 150 women leaving hospital following maternity stay. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between intent and TPB constructs; and salient beliefs and respective composite belief scores.
Results. Lack of health education and law enforcement, cultural pressure, advice from family, desire to stay close to the child, family size were key factors stated. Logistic regression model with TPB constructs and covariates as predictors of CRS usage intent was statistically significant (χ2=64.986, p<0.0001, df=11) and correctly classified 72.4% of the cases. There was an increase in odds of intent to use CRS for attitudes (31.5%, p<0.05), SN (55.3%, p<0.001), and for PBC (76.9%, p<0.001). The logistic regression models testing the association of the relevant set of composite belief scores were also statistically significant for attitudes (χ2=16.803, p<0.05, df=6), SN (χ2=29.681, p<0.0001, df=5), and PBC (χ2=20.516, p<0.05, df=8). The behavioral observation showed that none of 150 women observed used CRS for their newborn.
Conclusion. Attitude, SN, and PBC were significantly and independently associated with higher intent for CRS usage. Three beliefs were found to be significantly and independently associated with respective TPB constructs. While TPB appears to be useful in identifying beliefs related to CRS usage intentions in K.S.A., the results of the behavioral observation indicate that intentions may not be related to the actual usage of CRS in K.S.A. Further studies are recommended to examine this association.
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Al-Tuwaijiri, A. M. "Primary eye care in Saudi Arabia : an integral part of the primary health care system." Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635734.
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Blindness is a serious socioeconomic handicap and most causes of blindness are preventable. The Primary Health Care System has been identified by the World Health Organisation as the 'first line of defence' in tackling the health care problems of developing countries. This is as true for eye care as it is for the whole range of other diseases and illnesses that affect a country's population. The Primary Eye Care system is, therefore, essential in the prevention of many ocular disorders that may cause blindness. The aim of the thesis is to define the current status of primary eye care systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It will concern itself with identifying and assessing the current resources and facilities that are available for eye patients at the primary health care level. It will also determine the strengths and weaknesses of the existing primary eye care system in the country according to geographical location, covering both urban and rural areas. Specific recommendations for action are formulated, in the light of the data collected, aimed at the reduction, control or elimination of avoidable and curable blindness. The ultimate goal of this thesis is, therefore, to add to the existing knowledge of eye care problems in the Kingdom and to put forward a series of recommendations to help in the prevention of blindness in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Shahrani, Homoud. "The accessibility and utilization of primary health care services in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410310.
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Al, Qatari Ghazi M. "An evaluation study of the quality of primary health care in Qateef, Eastern Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338460.
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Damanhouri, Amal Mohammed Sheikh. "Considering total quality management in Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah City in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/98dc854f-2337-435d-a669-ef11d212ad15.
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This study investigates Total Quality Management in the Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia as a method of continuous improvement in health services. The objective of the study is to determine the concept of quality, the characteristics of a quality system and the definition and importance of Total Quality Management. The hypotheses are based on the assumption that there are standards and indicators for quality in health services; that current quality plans lead to improving quality and the hospitals are applying Total Quality Management factors. These include commitment of top management to Total Quality Management, customer satisfaction, improvements in the process, changes in the culture, human resources management, containing the costs of quality and the use Total Quality Management tools. The theoretical chapters include the outline of the study, the health services in KSA; quality in health services; Total Quality Management and its factors in health services; how it could be applied in hospitals especially in the public hospitals; the critiques of Total Quality Management regarding theory and practice, in the public and private sectors and the problems that may be found in its application. The study was based on two questionnaire surveys dealing with patients and employees in the hospitals and the interviews with the managers of Total Quality Management departments. The results concluded that there are many factors that determine the concept of quality, and the definition of Total Quality Management. The characteristics of a traditional quality management system are still used and there is a need to implement a more comprehensive quality system such as Total Quality Management in hospitals in Jeddah. Also, the study concluded that most hospitals have not quality standards and indicators, just two plans have an effect on improving quality (plans relating to human resources management and culture environment)and there was a weakness in the application of the elements of Total Quality Management in hospitals. The elements relating to the top management are lower than expected, such as mission, vision, values and objectives of Total Quality Management. The level of health services quality does not meet the patients’ requirements and achieve employee’s satisfaction. The elements relating to the process of health services are lower than expected, such as systems and explicit work methods. T he cultural environment in hospitals does not contribute to the achievement of the provision of a proper work environment for the programmes of Total Quality Management such as factors related to organizational environment, decision-making, prevention and information. There was a lack of human resources management in the implementation of Total Quality Management programmes in the variables related to the employees’ competence, involvement, teamwork, communication and system. Finally, Total Quality Management tools do not contribute to improving the quality of health services. There is a need for further study relating to quality costs. Also studies will need to carry out research of other dependent variables that are not included in the model suggested in the study related to the top management commitment, cultural environment and human resources management.
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Al, Quwaidhi Abdulkareem Jassem A. "Epidemiological modelling of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia : predicted trends and public health implications." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2168.
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Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia faces one of the highest prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world. However, there are no credible local data on the trends and future projections of the disease, and the relevant international studies underestimated the true prevalence rates. This thesis used epidemiological modelling to study the trends in T2DM prevalence in Saudi Arabia, predicted its future levels, and quantified the impact of reducing some risk factors on the disease prevalence trends. Methods: This thesis developed and validated the “Saudi IMPACT Diabetes Forecast Model”, which integrates data on the population, obesity and smoking prevalence trends in Saudis aged ≥25 years to estimate the trends in T2DM prevalence (1992-2022) using a Markov modelling approach. The model considers different reasonable scenarios of future trends in obesity prevalence, and incorporates a number of parameters to model the disease epidemiology. These parameters include the estimated diabetes incidence, case-fatality, total mortality, relative risk of diabetes if obese, and relative risk of diabetes if a smoker. The model data inputs and parameters were obtained from different sources, including local departments, medical literature and assumptions. The model results were validated against local data from the STEPwise survey in 2005, and against the model of the Global Burden of Disease study, where the model produced reasonably close results to both of these studies. Results: The prevalence of T2DM among the Saudi population aged ≥25 years was estimated to rise substantially during the 30-year period of 1992-2022 from 8.5% to 39.5%, assuming some levelling off of obesity trends (capping), or to 44.1%, assuming uncapped increasing obesity trends. In men, T2DM prevalence was estimated to increase from 8.7% to 39.2% with capped obesity trends, or to 41.3% with continuing linear increase in obesity trends. In women, T2DM prevalence was estimated to increase from 8.2% to 39.8% with capping of obesity trends, or to 47.7% without such a capping. The model showed that if the trends in obesity start to decline by 10% in 12 years (2010-2022), a relative reduction of 13% in diabetes prevalence could be achieved. If the prevalence of obesity was halted at the 2010 levels, a 10% relative reduction in diabetes prevalence could be attained by 2022. ii Conclusion: T2DM is currently a major public health challenge in Saudi Arabia, and this thesis predicted that its burden will increase substantially in the next decade. Intensive and aggressive preventive measures directed to reduce the levels of risk factors, particularly obesity and smoking, can result in reasonable reduction of the disease prevalence, and therefore should be an urgent action.
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Alshammari, Modhi Ali S. "Infection of Healthcare Workers: Identifying Potential Transmission Pathways of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia Hospitals." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613560.
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An outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia in 2012 led to an investigation of hand-hygiene behaviors among healthcare professionals. Direct contact with patients is a major pathway for MERS, a droplet virus, which refers to a virus that lays on surfaces. This study investigated factors associated with respiratory disease transmission (e.g., MERS) in hospital settings among healthcare workers (i.e., physicians and nurses). I developed a 16-item checklist based on three sources: the CDC standards, the WHO Five Moments for Hand Hygiene, and Boyce and Pittet's (2002) guidelines of hand hygiene. I used those 16 items in both direct-observation and self-reported questionnaire formats. The checklist addressed three time frames of contact: before, during, and after contact with patients, devices, and surrounding surfaces. Hand-hygiene behaviors surrounding these time frames were assessed. The study also explored healthcare workers' beliefs about hygiene practices by comparing personal reports of hand hygiene assessed by questionnaire to observed actual hand-hygiene practices. The study was a cross-sectional research design and was conducted in the outpatient examination rooms and emergency departments of three hospitals (public, private, and military) in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The total sample size included 87 physicians and nurses who were recruited while on duty during the researcher's observation periods. To provide clear results, I used two independent sample t-tests to test each of the 8 hypotheses. I found that no statistically significant differences were found among health-care workers when observing their behaviors of hand-hygiene practices. However, when using the self-reported questionnaire data, I found statistically significant differences between physicians' and nurses' hand-hygiene practices before, during, and after interacting with patients. Also, I found statistically significant differences between male and female hand-hygiene practices during interacting with patients, and I found statistically significant differences between health-care workers in public and military hospitals hand-hygiene practices during interacting with patients. For the primary hypothesis, I used Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between healthcare workers' reports of hand-hygiene practices, and observed healthcare workers behaviors of hand-hygiene practices. I found that no statistically significant correlation between the two data collection instruments. To provide a further analysis, a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to examine whether healthcare workers' hand-hygiene practices before, during, and after were different while controlling for their gender, department, and hospital type. I found that no statistically significant differences were found when observing the healthcare workers behaviors of hand-hygiene practices. However, when using the self-reported questionnaire data, I found that nurses and females reported better hand-hygiene than physicians and males. From these data, I conclude healthcare workers understand the importance of hand-hygiene and fail to appropriately implement the practice.