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Academic literature on the topic 'HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS'

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Published: 26 October 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS"

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Thiel, P. G. "Mycotoxins and health risks." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 5, no. 3 (March 18, 1986): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v5i3.991.

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Fungal contamination of agricultural products can prove to be harmful to humans and domestic animals as these fungi produce a variety of mycotoxins which can eventually occur in food. Acute intoxications with mycotoxins occur regularly in farm animals but, fortunately, are infrequently observed in humans. However, the chronic exposure of humans to mycotoxins occurs regularly. Such exposures are potentially teratogenic and carcmogenic and can suppress the immune system. It is presently impossible to establish safe levels of exposure for most mycotoxins due to scanty epidemiological data and insufficient observations on experimental animals. With respect to aflatoxin all available data point to a real health risk. Risk analysis based on epidemiological observations shows that the liver-cancer risk for individuals in South Africa is potentially increased by continued exposure to the present legally permitted level of aflatoxin in food.
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Maes, Chloë, Jeroen Meersmans, Laurence Lins, Sandrine Bouquillon, and Marie-Laure Fauconnier. "Essential Oil-Based Bioherbicides: Human Health Risks Analysis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179396.

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In recent years, the development of new bio-based products for biocontrol has been gaining importance as it contributes to reducing the use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture. Conventional herbicides (i.e., the ones with synthetic molecules) can lead to adverse effects such as human diseases (cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, reproductive perturbations, etc.) but also to disturbing the environment because of their drift in the air, transport throughout aquatic systems and persistence across different environments. The use of natural molecules seems to be a very good alternative for maintaining productive agriculture but without the negative side effects of synthetic herbicides. In this context, essential oils and their components are increasingly studied in order to produce several categories of biopesticides thanks to their well-known biocidal activities. However, these molecules can also be potentially hazardous to humans and the environment. This article reviews the state of the literature and regulations with regard to the potential risks related to the use of essential oils as bioherbicides in agricultural and horticultural applications.
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Bogdanova, Olga G., Natalia V. Efimova, and Olga A. Molchanova. "Analysis of health risks associated with food safety." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 1481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-12-1481-1486.

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Introduction. Aim. Selection of priority safety indicators and optimal research scope through analysis of potential health risks associated with chemical and microbiological safety of food products (FP). Materials and methods. Retrospectively analyzed data on chemical and microbiological safety of FP addressed on the consumer market of the Republic of Buryatia for 2016-2020. Assessment of the potential risk of harm to human health included prediction performed on linear regression models. Results. The maximum probability of violations of mandatory requirements for chemical and microbiological contamination was noted for dairy products. The minimum probability of violations was identified for the biologically active additives and industrial baby FP. The calculation of potential risks to consumer health based on the results of studies of FP revealed the categories of “high risk” - fish and seafood, “significant risk” - dairy products, confectionery, vegetables, melons, soft drinks. It was found that the supply of fish and seafood, poultry and poultry products had long supply chains, when the risks associated with non-compliance with their transportation and storage conditions were most likely Correlations were revealed between the risk level according to the microbiological criterion associated with the contamination of food, fish, culinary products, poultry meat and the incidence of acute intestinal infections. The indicated factor signs determine from 28.6% to 67.0% of the variance of the incidence. Conclusion. Identification of potential risks of harm to the public health related to FP safety indicates the need for further monitoring of the content of chemical and microbiological contaminants.
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ANKARALIGİL, Tolga, and Ayşe ÖZDEMİR. "RISKS ANALYSIS IN CATERING INDUSTRY." International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy 4, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33457/ijhsrp.609790.

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In recent years, the occupational health and safety has become one of the important elements of working life. The importance of contributing to the protection of employee health by preventing occupational accidents and occupational diseases is increasing demand nowadays. The rapid growth of the catering sector with increasing employment and competition turn into a growing problem: increase in occupational accidents. In this research carried out with the necessity of taking precautions for the solution of this problem; A risk analysis was conducted in a catering company in Uşak to identify hazards and risks in the company. The hazards and risks are evaluated and precautionary actions were determined according to the current situation. At the same time, it is thought to be beneficial in terms of creating awareness for all companies in the sector by contributing to the protection of employee health by reducing occupational accidents and diseases. Risk analyses were done by L type matrix (5x5 matrix table). In this study, a total of 131 hazards and risks were identified. The identified hazards and risks are grouped according to their risk level (Unacceptable risk: 5; Significant risk:61; Medium risk:59). It is considered that adopting proactive approaches within the scope of occupational safety practices will accelerate the spread of the safety network and occupational safety culture to all employees
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Chiang, Chin Long. "Competing Risks in Mortality Analysis." Annual Review of Public Health 12, no. 1 (May 1991): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.12.050191.001433.

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Santos, E. F., and C. R. C. Lima. "DMAICR in an ergonomic risks analysis." Work 41 (2012): 1632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0364-1632.

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Brodsky, Lynn M., Riadh W. Y. Habash, William Leiss, Daniel Krewski, and Michael Repacholi. "Health Risks of Electromagnetic Fields. Part III: Risk Analysis." Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 31, no. 4 (2003): 333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v31.i4.20.

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Fedorova, E. V., V. S. Malyshev, and A. M. Borovkova. "The health abnormalities under the technogenic exposures risks analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 891 (November 10, 2017): 012370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/891/1/012370.

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Elsayed, Yehya, Sarah Dalibalta, and Nedal Abu-Farha. "Chemical analysis and potential health risks of hookah charcoal." Science of The Total Environment 569-570 (November 2016): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.108.

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Наталья Халиловна, Гафиатулина, and Котлярова Виктория Валентиновна. "SOCIAL HEALTH OF RUSSIAN YOUTH: A MACROSOCIOLOGICAL RISK ANALYSIS." STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, no. 4 (December 2022): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2022-1-4-281-286.

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Within the framework of this article, the social health of Russian youth, according to the results of the author's research, is considered at the level of macrosociological risk analysis. As the basic theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the social health of young people, sociocentric and riskogenic approaches are used. As a result, the authors comes to the conclusion that the social health of Russian youth (on the example of the South of Russia) is threatened by: institutional risks associated with the institutional transformation of the Russian society; risks associated with global informatization and the destruction of traditional values; as well as the risks associated with the growth of social and interethnic tension.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS"

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Heiss, Sarah N. "Sugar-Coating Risks: An Analysis of Sweetener Trade Associations‘ Discursive Contributions to Public Negotiations of Risk." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1304621679.

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Mitchell, Austin L. "Analysis of health and environmental risks associated with Marcellus Shale development." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/267.

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The rapid growth of the shale gas industry has inspired questions concerning attendant apparent and potential short- and long-term health and environmental risks. My research examined three potential environmental and health risks. (1) For the last half-century the Northeast natural gas market was supplied from major producing areas in Texas, the Gulf Coast, and Canada. Because radon has a short half-life of 3.8 days, the time required to transport the natural gas from these areas to the Northeast resulted in a low-radon product being delivered to homes. As the Northeast gas market transitions to locally-produced natural gas the potential for radioactive decay will diminish and the natural gas being delivered to homes will contain radon at higher levels. I assess the lung cancer risk for people living in homes with unvented gas cooking (approximately half of the homes in the Northeast) and heating appliances, which are in fewer homes. Data on the locally-produced natural gas radon concentration are limited, but for the modeling assumptions considered the radon exposure is predicted to be small compared to typical residential exposures, and additional annual population-level risk will likely be much less than the error in the estimate of annual radon-induced lung cancers. An excess lifetime lung cancer risk >10-4 is possible for high gas usage in poorly ventilated settings. (2) High volume and locally-concentrated surface water withdrawals for Marcellus Shale development may pose a risk to water quality, aquatic and riparian ecosystems, and other uses of water resources. State environmental and interstate water authorities take different approaches to managing these water withdrawals. In the Upper Ohio River Basin, which covers the western third of Pennsylvania, the Department of Environmental Protection requires that all water used for shale gas development be covered by a water management plan. These plans stipulate the amount and timing of surface water withdrawals from each source as a function of annual stream flow statistics. Neighboring regulatory authorities and some environmental groups favor the use of monthly flow statistics instead, but implementation of these statistics in western Pennsylvania would require more data than are currently available. Because hydrologic data in the Upper Ohio River Basin are sparse, the use of the annual flow statistics is more likely than use of monthly flow statistics to prevent water withdrawals when aquatic ecosystems are under the greatest stress. The annual flow statistic might also result in fewer and smaller occurrences of computed ecodeficits under scenarios of development-related water demands in the future. (3) Improperly abandoned and orphan gas wells threaten human health and safety as well as pollute the air and water. Pennsylvania currently requires production companies to post a bond to ensure environmental reclamation of non-productive well sites, but the cost of plugging horizontally drilled wells and reclaiming well pads is estimated to be at least a factor of 10 greater than the current well bonds. The economics of shale gas development favor transfer of assets from large entities to smaller ones. With the assets go the liabilities, and without a mechanism to prevent the new owners from assuming reclamation liabilities beyond their means, the economics favor default on well-plugging and site restoration obligations. In addition to increasing the bond amounts, individual well trust accounts are proposed based on a model from the coal industry. Pre- and delayed-funding options (a fee and severance tax, respectively) to pay for future reclamation are examined from the perspective of the taxpayer. The exposure of the taxpayer to these financial liabilities and to a future orphan well problem can be minimized with minimal impacts to the profitability of gas production regardless of which funding option is used.
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Gilbert, Angela. "Air Toxics and Equity: A Geographic Analysis of Environmental Health Risks in Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003033.

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King, Carrie R. "The Relationship between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Assault: A Prospective Analysis." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1080940044.

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Odame, Emmanuel A., Ying Li, Shimin Zheng, Ambarish Vaidyanathan, and Ken Silver. "Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6301.

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Most epidemiological studies of high temperature effects on mortality have focused on urban settings, while heat-related health risks in rural areas remain underexplored. To date there has been no meta-analysis of epidemiologic literature concerning heat-related mortality in rural settings. This study aims to systematically review the current literature for assessing heat-related mortality risk among rural populations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2018. Key selection criteria included study location, health endpoints, and study design. Fourteen studies conducted in rural areas in seven countries on four continents met the selection criteria, and eleven were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random effects model, the pooled estimates of relative risks (RRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.030 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.048) and 1.111 (95% CI: 1.045, 1.181) per 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature, respectively. We found excess risks in rural settings not to be smaller than risks in urban settings. Our results suggest that rural populations, like urban populations, are also vulnerable to heat-related mortality. Further evaluation of heat-related mortality among rural populations is warranted to develop public health interventions in rural communities.
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Schuch, Laura M. "Geospatial Approaches to Identify Neighborhood Risks to a Pediatric Population." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531694688693131.

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Eschweiler, Zachary Taylor. "Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle TechnologyAn Analysis of Water, Water-treatment, Health-risks of Contaminated Water, and a Proposed Solution." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1497012927923017.

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Murphy, Tanya J. "The risks and benefits of genetic-model based linkage analysis in the detection of asthma susceptibility regions on chromosome 12 /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80337.

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Background. In genetic epidemiology, there is some debate over whether linkage analysis should be performed with highly parametric Genetic-Model Based (GMB) methods or relatively genetic-model-free Allele-Sharing Based (ASB) methods in complex diseases. Asthma is one such complex disease with multiple determinants including putative genetic factors on regions of chromosome 12. This thesis compares the evidence from a range of GMB models to an ASB analysis for linkage between asthma and chromosome 12.
Methods. Data from an asthma cohort of Saguenay Lac St-Jean families was reanalysed using both GMB and ASB models. The range of GMB models was constrained by epidemiologic estimates of asthma prevalence. The results from the GMB analyses were compared with the results of an ASB method. The specific GMB and ASB methods used were LOD-score with liability classes and 'Non parametric linkage' (NPL), respectively. The analyses were performed using multipoint techniques in Genehunter software.
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Wonnah, Samson. "Myths, Risks, and Ignorance: Western Media and Health Experts’ Representations of Cultures in Ebola-Affected West African Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3389.

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The 2014 Ebola outbreak, mostly affecting Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea, is the largest ever recorded. The Ebola response encountered resistance in some affected communities, where some residents accused relief agencies from the Global North of denigrating local cultures. This thesis examines mainstream Western media and health experts’ representation of culture in the Ebola-affected region and employed Foucauldian analysis of discursive power to discuss the impact of such a representation on the concerned communities. Through a content analysis of selected journal and news articles by Western scholars and media and official reports by some relief agencies involved with the Ebola response, the study discovers evidence of culture bias. There was a use of significantly negative words in describing aspects of culture in the Ebola-affected region. Western media and health experts also largely associated the epidemic with African “backwardness.”
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Rösemann, G. M. "Analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Crotalaria species by HPLC-MS/MS in order to evaluate related food health risks." Electronic thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08032007-170633/.

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Books on the topic "HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS"

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T, Covello Vincent, and Council on Environmental Quality (U.S.), eds. Risk analysis: A guide to principles and methods for analyzing health and environmental risks. [Washington, D.C.?]: Executive Office of the President of the U.S., Council on Environmental Quality, 1989.

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Evaluating health risks: An economic approach. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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H, Musk Jeffery, and Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (U.S.), eds. Assessment of the risks from imbedded fragments of depleted uranium. Bethesda, Md: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 1993.

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H, Musk Jeffery, and Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (U.S.), eds. Assessment of the risks from imbedded fragments of depleted uranium. Bethesda, Md: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 1993.

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Klein, Sebastian. Health risks from exposure to endocrine disruptors. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2012.

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Ball, David J. An analysis of electricity generation health risks: A United Kingdom perspective. Norwich: Centre for Environmental and Risk Management, 1994.

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C, Vaughn Bradley, ed. Bisphenol A and phthalates: Uses, health effects and environmental risks. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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1926-, Roth June, ed. Reversing health risks: How to get out of high-risk category for cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and other health problems. New York: Putnam, 1988.

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R, Lineback David, ed. Process-induced food toxicants: Occurrence, formation, mitigation, and health risks. Wiley: Hoboken, N.J., 2009.

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World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Health risks of heavy metals from long-range transboundary air pollution. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office Europe, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS"

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Edgerton, Sylvia A. "Risk Tracers: Surrogates for Assessing Health Risks." In Risk Analysis, 85–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0730-1_10.

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Kleinbaum, David G., and Mitchel Klein. "Competing Risks Survival Analysis." In Statistics for Biology and Health, 425–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6646-9_9.

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Cote, Ila L., Larry T. Cupitt, and Beth M. Hassett. "Toxic Air Pollutants and Noncancer Health Risks." In Risk Analysis, 697–705. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0730-1_64.

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Mohin, Timothy J., and David E. Guinnup. "Analysis of Noncancer Health Risks Associated with Hazardous Air Pollutants." In Risk Analysis, 239–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0730-1_24.

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Bonadonna, Lucia, Rossella Briancesco, and Anna Maria Coccia. "Analysis of Microorganisms in Hospital Environments and Potential Risks." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 53–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49160-8_5.

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Cox, Louis Anthony, Douglas A. Popken, and Richard X. Sun. "How Large Are Human Health Risks Caused by Antibiotics Used in Food Animals?" In Causal Analytics for Applied Risk Analysis, 313–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78242-3_5.

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Guliš, Gabriel, Joanna Kobza, Jana Kollárová, Ingrida Zurlyte, Mariusz Geremek, Ágnes Molnár, and Fabrizio Bianchi. "Public Health, Policy Analysis, Risk Assessment, and Impact Assessment." In Assessment of Population Health Risks of Policies, 1–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8597-1_1.

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Cox, Louis Anthony, Douglas A. Popken, and Richard X. Sun. "Descriptive Analytics for Public Health: Socioeconomic and Air Pollution Correlates of Adult Asthma, Heart Attack, and Stroke Risks." In Causal Analytics for Applied Risk Analysis, 251–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78242-3_3.

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Cox, Louis Anthony, Douglas A. Popken, and Richard X. Sun. "Attributive Causal Modeling: Quantifying Human Health Risks Caused by Toxoplasmosis from Open System Production of Swine." In Causal Analytics for Applied Risk Analysis, 355–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78242-3_7.

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Ueda, Kayo, and Hirohisa Takano. "Epidemiological Approaches to Characterize Human Health Risks from Environmental Exposure in a Watershed." In Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management, 95–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8090-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS"

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Haritonov, Vladimir, and Yu Solovey. "FEATURES OF HELICOPTER NOISE AND HEALTH RISKS." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9d74ce69.72906892.

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The generated noise of the Mi-8 helicopter will differ significantly in the mechanism of formation, resulting in a complex spectrum. Working conditions inside the helicopter correspond to harmful working conditions in terms of noise (class 3.2 – 3.3), and in terms of infrasound – acceptable (class 2). The simultaneous effect of intense noise, infrasound and General vibration creates high risks to the health of helicopter personnel.
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Severin, Irina, Gabriela Nalbitoru, and Mihai Caramihai. "Health and occupational risks analysis in custom border offices." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001040.

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In line with National and European regulations, containing recommendations on the application of legal safety and health requirements for work and for the use of work equipment, the risk analysis has been conducted for two different positions in custom border offices, such as: the custom officer, acting in the non-destructive control department and the customs laboratory (lab physician, biologist, chemical engineer, biochemist). This article aims to present the risk analysis performed using the national method for assessing the risks of accidents and occupational diseases of workers, in order to facilitate the fulfilment of obligations of employers in the prevention of risks at work. The results are compared with those obtained using questionnaires method, based on Delphi approach. Finally, recommendations are addressed to all interested parties, such as: employers and workers in operational processes. A brief action plan for custom border offices is drafted.
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Krut`ko, Vyacheslav, Vitaliy Doncov, and P. Kuznecov. "AGING AND HEALTH-PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF PERSONAL LABOR POTENTIAL." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9cedba84.69330335.

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The influence of natural aging processes and accompanying age-dependent diseases (ADD) on personal labor potential (PLP) in modern conditions of socio-economic development is considered. Aging reduces the overall viability, which reduces PLP and increases the risks of ADD, so it is necessary to assess the personal risk levels of ADD, and aging (according to biological age indicators) and conduct timely prevention.
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Besner, Marie-Claude, Michael Messner, and Stig Regli. "Pathogen Intrusion in Distribution Systems: Model to Assess the Potential Health Risks." In 12th Annual Conference on Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41203(425)46.

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Markov, Nikolay, and Vladimir Filatov. "TECHNOLOGIES OF AUTOMATED NOTIFICATION OF HUMAN HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE RISKS UNDER HYPOXIC HYPOXIA." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9d39e494.70316289.

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The technologies of automated notification of health risks and human performance under hypoxic hypoxia are described, which provide the calculation and presentation in real time of visual and acoustic information about the value of the assessment of the reserve time for maintaining human health and performance under hypoxic hypoxia
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Lieskusumastuti, Anita Dewi, Lilik Hanifah, Catur Setyorini, Trisakti Halimah Delimasari, and Rina Tri Handayani. "The Risks of Hypertension in Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis." In The 8th International Conference on Public Health 2021. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/icphmaternal.fp.08.2021.10.

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Chetrit, Alain. "Major Risks Analysis with a Scenario based technology." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/111925-ms.

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Perkinson, Larry. "Using Proactive Root Cause Analysis to Manage Process Safety Risks." In SPE Middle East Health, Safety, Security, and Environment Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149759-ms.

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Ma, Zhanshan, and Axel W. Krings. "Competing Risks Analysis of Reliability, Survivability, and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM)." In 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2008.4526636.

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Chao, Sihong, Yanxue Jiang, Li Qiao, and Hongbin Cao. "The Application of CLEA Model in Accessing Health Risks of PAHs in Soil." In 7th Annual Meeting of Risk Analysis Council of China Association for Disaster Prevention (RAC-2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rac-16.2016.74.

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Reports on the topic "HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS"

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Mahaffey, J. A., P. G. Doctor, R. L. Buschbom, C. S. Glantz, P. M. Daling, L. E. Sever, G. J. Jr Vargo, et al. A strategic analysis study-based approach to integrated risk assessment: Occupational health risks from environmental restoration and waste management activities at Hanford. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6760022.

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Mahaffey, J. A., P. G. Doctor, R. L. Buschbom, C. S. Glantz, P. M. Daling, L. E. Sever, G. J. Jr Vargo, et al. A strategic analysis study-based approach to integrated risk assessment: Occupational health risks from environmental restoration and waste management activities at Hanford. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161643.

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Oron, Gideon, Raphi Mandelbaum, Carlos E. Enriquez, Robert Armon, Yoseph Manor, L. Gillerman, A. Alum, and Charles P. Gerba. Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573077.bard.

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The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducted in Israel in the grape vineyard in Arad heights, in the field crops in Kibbutz Chafets Chaim and in Arizona in fields adjacent to the University campus. The complementary part was to examine the behavior of the various pathogens in the effluent-soil-plant system. The analysis is based on controlled experiments, primarily in greenhouse along with field experiments. Molecular biology methods were used to identify the behavior of the pathogens in the components of the system. The project included as well examining the effluent quality in various sites, primarily those in which treated wastewater is reused for agricultural irrigation. The monitoring included conventional parameters however, also parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The results obtained indicate the prominent advantages of using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method for minimizing health and environmental risks during application of secondary effluent. A theoretical model for assessing the risks while applying treated wastewater was completed as well. The management model shows the risks during various scenarios of wastewater quality, application technology and related human exposure.
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Rycroft, Taylor, Kerry Hamilton, Charles Haas, and Igor Linkov. A quantitative risk assessment method for synthetic biology products in the environment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41331.

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The need to prevent possible adverse environmental health impacts resulting from synthetic biology (SynBio) products is widely acknowledged in both the SynBio risk literature and the global regulatory community. However, discussions of potential risks of SynBio products have been largely speculative, and the attempts to characterize the risks of SynBio products have been non-uniform and entirely qualitative. As the discipline continues to accelerate, a standardized risk assessment framework will become critical for ensuring that the environmental risks of these products are characterized in a consistent, reliable, and objective manner that incorporates all SynBio-unique risk factors. Current established risk assessment frameworks fall short of the features required of this standard framework. To address this, we propose the Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Synthetic Biology Products (QRASynBio) – an incremental build on established risk assessment methodologies that supplements traditional paradigms with the SynBio risk factors that are currently absent and necessitates quantitative analysis for more transparent and objective risk characterizations. The proposed framework facilitates defensible quantification of the environmental risks of SynBio products in both foreseeable and hypothetical use scenarios. Additionally, we show how the proposed method can promote increased experimental investigation into the likelihood of hazard and exposure parameters and highlight the parameters where uncertainty should be reduced, leading to more targeted risk research and more precise characterizations of risk.
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady, et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.

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Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.
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Narvaez, Liliana, Sally Janzen, Caitlyn Eberle, and Zita Sebesvari. Technical Report: Taiwan drought. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/ujzw5639.

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During the 2020-2021 typhoon season, for the first time in 56 years, no typhoon made landfall on Taiwan, leading to one of the worst droughts in the island’s history. As reservoirs fell below 5% capacity, more than one million households and businesses had to ration water. This water rationing was not without controversy, especially for the island’s most water-intensive industries: rice farming and semiconductor manufacturing. Taiwan’s case exemplifies the challenges of water stress and related risk across value chains that could emerge as a result. It also shows stark choices that governments and authorities may have to face in rationing water resources. Water management in a changing climate is incredibly important to ensure the life, health and prosperity of people and ecosystems on our planet.This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Taiwan drought through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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7

James, Christian, Stephen J. James, Bukola A. Onarinde, Ronald A. Dixon, and Nicola Williams. Critical review of AMR risks arising as a consequence of using biocides and certain heavy metals in food animal production. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ich936.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial agent (a substance that kills or stops the growth of microorganisms) that was originally effective for treatment of infections caused by it. As a result standard antimicrobial drug treatments may become ineffective, lead to infections persisting, increasing the risk of spread to others, and negative clinical outcomes. AMR is a major public health issue worldwide and it is estimated that unless action is taken to tackle AMR, the global impact of AMR could be 10 million deaths annually from drug-resistant infections by 2050 and cost up to US $100 trillion in terms of cumulative lost global production (O’Neill, 2016). Addressing the public health threat posed by AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK and led to the Government publishing both a 20-year vision of AMR (Opens in a new window) and a 5-year (2019 to 2024) AMR National Action Plan (NAP) (Opens in a new window), which sets out actions to slow the development and spread of AMR. Intensive food animal production plays an important role in the development and spread of AMR and is one of many routes by which consumers can be exposed to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This review was carried out to help increase our understanding of whether, and to what extent, the use of biocides (disinfectants and sanitisers) and heavy metals (used in feed and other uses) in animal production leads to the development and spread of AMR within the food chain (a subject highlighted in the NAP). Whether this could potentially lead to greater consumer exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria present in our food, either directly through consumption of foods derived from animals that have undergone treatment (for example from the use of heavy metals in animal feed) or indirectly (for example from exposure of crops to contaminated soil or ground water) is not known. Focused searching of three literature databases (Web of Science (Opens in a new window), Scopus (Opens in a new window), and MEDLINE (Opens in a new window)) was undertaken, supplemented by additional records identified through other sources. Due to the range of publications identified and different laboratory methodologies used in these studies no statistical analysis was possible, so instead, a narrative approach was taken to their review and to the review of supplementary materials. We conclude that there is published evidence that the release of chemicals like biocides (in particular disinfectants) and/or heavy metals from food animal production have the potential to contribute to the selection, emergence, and spread of AMR (as bacteria or genes) that could be acquired by consumers, and that this could present a potential risk to the consumer as a result. The published evidence is sparse and there are significant knowledge gaps (as detailed in this report). Currently there are insufficient data for a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of risk, and a need for focussed in-field studies (as detailed in this report) to be carried out to fill these knowledge gaps and confirm whether there is an actual risk.
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Unal, Beyza, Julia Cournoyer, Calum Inverarity, and Yasmin Afina. Uncertainty and complexity in nuclear decision-making. Royal Institute of International Affairs, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135157.

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Complex systems modelling is already implemented in critical policy areas such as climate change and health. It could also play an important role in the nuclear weapons sphere – by opening alternative pathways that may help mitigate risks of confrontation and escalation – but such modelling has yet to be fully embraced by policymakers in this community. By applying a complexity lens, policy- and decision-makers at all stages along the nuclear chain of command might better understand how their actions could have significant consequences for international security and peace. Nuclear decision-making is shaped by, and interacts with, the ever-changing international security environment and nuclear weapons policy. Tackling problems in the nuclear weapons policy field requires the implementation of ‘system of systems’ design principles, mathematical modelling approaches and multidisciplinary analysis. This research paper presents nuclear weapons decision-making as a complex endeavour, with individual decisions being influenced by multiple factors such as reasoning, intuition (gut feeling), biases and system-level noise. At a time of crisis, these factors may combine to cause risks of escalation. The authors draw on past examples of near nuclear use to examine decision-making in the nuclear context as a ‘wicked problem’, with multi-layered, interacting and constantly fluctuating elements.
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9

Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, Kaitlin Volk, Taylor Rycroft, Susie Wood, Tim Davis, and Jim Lazorchak. Aligning research and monitoring priorities for benthic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins : a workshop summary. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41680.

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In 2018, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center partnered with the US Army Corps of Engineers–Buffalo District, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Bowling Green State University, and the Cawthron Institute to host a workshop focused on benthic and sediment-associated cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, particularly in the context of harmful algal blooms (HAB). Technical sessions on the ecology of benthic cyanobacteria in lakes and rivers; monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins; detection of benthic and sediment-bound cyanotoxins; and the fate, transport, and health risks of cyanobacteria and their associated toxins were presented. Research summaries included the buoyancy and dispersal of benthic freshwater cyanobacteria mats, the fate and quantification of cyanotoxins in lake sediments, and spatial and temporal variation of toxins in streams. In addition, summaries of remote sensing methods, omic techniques, and field sampling techniques were presented. Critical research gaps identified from this workshop include (1) ecology of benthic cyanobacteria, (2) identity, fate, transport, and risk of cyanotoxins produced by benthic cyanobacteria, (3) standardized sampling and analysis protocols, and (4) increased technical cooperation between government, academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, and other stakeholders. Conclusions from this workshop can inform monitoring and management efforts for benthic cyanobacteria and their associated toxins.
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10

Hoffman, F. O., and J. S. Hammonds. An introductory guide to uncertainty analysis in environmental and health risk assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7048843.

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