Academic literature on the topic 'Health risk assessment – Ontario – Toronto'

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Journal articles on the topic "Health risk assessment – Ontario – Toronto"

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Zeuli, Kimberly, Austin Nijhuis, Ronald Macfarlane, and Taryn Ridsdale. "The Impact of Climate Change on the Food System in Toronto." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112344.

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As part of its Climate Change and Health Strategy, in 2017, Toronto Public Health engaged stakeholders from across the food system to complete a high-level vulnerability assessment of the impact of climate change on the food system in Toronto. Using the Ontario Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Guidelines, the City of Toronto’s High-Level Risk Assessment Tool, and a strategic framework developed by the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, Toronto Public Health identified the most significant extreme weather event risks to food processing, distribution and access in Toronto. Risks associated with three extreme weather events that are the most likely to occur in Toronto due to climate change were analyzed: significant rain and flooding, an extended heat wave, and a major winter ice storm. The analysis finds that while extreme weather events could potentially disrupt Toronto’s food supply, the current risk of an extended, widespread food supply disruption is relatively low. However, the findings highlight that a concerted effort across the food system, including electrical and fuel providers, is needed to address other key vulnerabilities that could impact food access, especially for vulnerable populations. Interruptions to electricity will have food access and food safety impacts, while interruptions to the transportation network and fuel will have food distribution and access impacts. Actions to mitigate these risks could include addressing food access vulnerabilities through ongoing city-wide strategies and integrating food access into the City’s emergency response planning. The next steps will include engaging with multiple partners across the city to understand and strengthen the “last mile” of food distribution and develop community food resilience action plans for vulnerable neighbourhoods.
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van Dijk, Adam, Emily Dawson, Kieran Michael Moore, and Paul Belanger. "Risk Assessment During the Pan American and Parapan American Games, Toronto, 2015." Public Health Reports 132, no. 1_suppl (July 2017): 106S—110S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917708356.

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During the summer of 2015, the Pan American and Parapan American Games took place in the Greater Toronto area of Ontario, Canada, bringing together thousands of athletes and spectators from around the world. The Acute Care Enhanced Surveillance (ACES) system—a syndromic surveillance system that captures comprehensive hospital visit triage information from acute care hospitals across Ontario—monitored distinct syndromes throughout the games. We describe the creation and use of a risk assessment tool to evaluate alerts produced by ACES during this period. During the games, ACES generated 1420 alerts, 4 of which were considered a moderate risk and were communicated to surveillance partners for further action. The risk assessment tool was useful for public health professionals responsible for surveillance activities during the games. Next steps include integrating the tool within the ACES system.
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Edge, T. A., S. Hill, G. Stinson, P. Seto, and J. Marsalek. "Experience with the antibiotic resistance analysis and DNA fingerprinting in tracking faecal pollution at two lake beaches." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.757.

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Posting or closing of swimming beaches because of faecal contamination is a widespread problem reported in many locations. In a risk-based approach to this problem, the risk to swimmers' health is assessed by field monitoring of indicator bacteria and the associated risks are managed by source controls and other remedial measures. In risk assessment, great advances have been made in recent years with the introduction of microbial source tracking (MST) techniques. Two such techniques, antibiotic resistance analysis and DNA fingerprinting, were applied in a study of causes of faecal contamination at two lake beaches in Toronto, Ontario. Both methods identified bird faeces as the dominant sources of E. coli. Coping with this type of pollution presents a major environmental challenge.
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Pink, Leah R., Andrew J. Smith, Philip WH Peng, Marilyn J. Galonski, Paul S. Tumber, David Evans, Doug L. Gourlay, et al. "Intake Assessment of Problematic Use of Medications in a Chronic Noncancer Pain Clinic." Pain Research and Management 17, no. 4 (2012): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/489743.

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BACKGROUND: The present article outlines the process of instituting an assessment of risk of problematic use of medications with new patients in an ambulatory chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) clinic. It is hoped that the authors’ experience through this iterative process will fill the gap in the literature by setting an example of an application of the ‘universal precautions’ approach to chronic pain management.OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and utility of the addition of a new risk assessment process and to provide a snapshot of the risk of problematic use of medications in new patients presenting to a tertiary ambulatory clinic treating CNCP.METHODS: Charts for the first three months following the institution of an intake assessment for risk of problematic medication use were reviewed. Health care providers at the Wasser Pain Management Centre (Toronto, Ontario) were interviewed to discuss the preliminary findings and provide feedback about barriers to completing the intake assessments, as well as to identify the items that were clinically relevant and useful to their practice.RESULTS: Data were analyzed and examined for completeness. While some measures were considered to be particularly helpful, other items were regarded as repetitive, problematic or time consuming. Feedback was then incorporated into revisions of the risk assessment tool.DISCUSSION: Overall, it is feasible and useful to assess risk for problematic use of medications in new patients presenting to CNCP clinics.CONCLUSION: To facilitate the practice of assessment, the risk assessment tool at intake must be concise, clinically relevant and feasible given practitioner time constraints.
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Dossa, Fahima, Maria C. Cusimano, Rinku Sutradhar, Kelly Metcalfe, Tari Little, Jordan Lerner-Ellis, Andrea Eisen, Wendy S. Meschino, and Nancy N. Baxter. "Real-world health services utilisation and outcomes afterBRCA1andBRCA2testing in Ontario, Canada: the What Comes Next Cohort Study protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (September 2018): e025317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025317.

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IntroductionWomen who have pathogenic mutations in theBRCA1andBRCA2genes are at greatly increased risks for breast and ovarian cancers. Although risk-reduction strategies can be undertaken by these women, knowledge regarding the uptake of these strategies is limited. Additionally, the healthcare behaviours of women who receive inconclusive test results are not known. This study protocol describes the creation of a retrospective cohort of women who have undergone genetic testing forBRCA1andBRCA2, linking genetic test results with administrative data to quantify the uptake of risk-reduction strategies and to assess long-term cancer and non-cancer outcomes after genetic testing.Methods and analysisApproximately two-thirds ofBRCA1andBRCA2testing in Ontario, Canada is performed at North York General Hospital (NYGH) and Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH), Toronto. We will use registries at these sites to assemble a cohort of approximately 17 000 adult women who underwentBRCA1andBRCA2testing from January 2007 to April 2016. Trained chart abstractors will obtain detailed information for all women tested over this period, including demographics, personal and family cancer histories and genetic test results. We will link these data to provincial administrative databases, enabling assessment of healthcare utilisation and long-term outcomes after testing. Study outcomes will include the uptake of breast cancer screening and prophylactic breast and ovarian surgery, cancer incidence and mortality and incidence of non-cancer health outcomes, including cardiovascular, osteoporotic and neurodegenerative disease.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Research Ethics Boards at NYGH (no 16-0035), MSH (no 13-0124) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (no 275-2016). We plan to disseminate research findings through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international meetings.
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REA, E., J. LAFLÈCHE, S. STALKER, B. K. GUARDA, H. SHAPIRO, I. JOHNSON, S. J. BONDY, R. UPSHUR, M. L. RUSSELL, and M. ELIASZIW. "Duration and distance of exposure are important predictors of transmission among community contacts of Ontario SARS cases." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 6 (January 12, 2007): 914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806007771.

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SUMMARYWe report attack rates and contact-related predictors among community contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) cases from the 2003 Toronto-area outbreak. Community contact data was extracted from public health records for single, well-defined exposures to a SARS case. In total, 8662 community-acquired exposures resulted in 61 probable cases; a crude attack rate of 0·70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·54–0·90]. Persons aged 55–69 years were at higher risk of acquiring SARS (1·14%) than those either younger (0·60%) or older (0·70%). In multivariable analysis exposures for at least 30 min at a distance of ⩽1 m increased the likelihood of becoming a SARS case 20·4-fold (95% CI 11·8–35·1). Risk related to duration of illness in the source case at time of exposure was greatest for illness duration of 7–10 days (rate ratio 3·4, 95% CI 1·9–6·1). Longer and closer proximity exposures incurred the highest rate of disease. Separate measures of time and distance from source cases should be added to minimum datasets for the assessment of interventions for SARS and other emerging diseases.
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Vallis, Katherine A., Melania Pintilie, Nelson Chong, Eric Holowaty, Pamela S. Douglas, Peter Kirkbride, and Andreas Wielgosz. "Assessment of Coronary Heart Disease Morbidity and Mortality After Radiation Therapy for Early Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.20.4.1036.

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PURPOSE: To assess the risk of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiation therapy (RT) for left-sided breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A hospital-based retrospective cohort linkage study of all breast cancer patients registered at the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), Toronto, Canada, between 1982 and 1988 who were treated with postlumpectomy RT was performed. Available identifiers for the study cohort were linked to two province-wide health files: the Canadian Institute for Health Information Hospitalization File and the Ontario Mortality Database. Admissions to hospital for MI and deaths attributable to MI were identified. The relevant original health records were abstracted to verify the diagnosis of MI according to diagnostic criteria used in the World Health Organization multinational monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA) project. We compared incidence of MI in the study cohort with the general population and incidence of MI after therapy for left- versus right-sided breast cancer. RESULTS: A cohort of 2,128 patients was identified. The median length of follow-up was 10.2 years. The incidence of MI in the study cohort was comparable to that in an age-matched general population of women in Ontario. There were 70 coronary events among 56 patients after breast irradiation. According to MONICA criteria, 53 and six events were characterized as definite and possible MIs, respectively. Eleven events did not satisfy MONICA criteria for MI. Twenty-six patients treated for left-sided and 23 patients treated for right-sided breast cancer experienced at least one definite or possible MI (log-rank test, P = .66). There were eight fatal MIs among the left-sided group and six among the right-sided group. There was no excess of other cardiac diseases among patients who received left-sided radiotherapy compared to the right-sided group. CONCLUSION: We have found no evidence for excess morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease among women treated with RT to the left breast after BCS at 10.2 years of follow-up. Longer follow-up is required to confirm that excess cardiac disease has been completely avoided.
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Darani, Shaheen, Kiran Patel, Laura Hayos, Tanya Connors, Faisal Islam, Anika Saiva, and Sandy Simpson. "Education for corrections officers to better meet the mental health needs of inmates." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S132—S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.379.

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AimsIn Canada, there has been an increase in the rate of incarceration of individuals with mental health diagnoses. Overrepresentation of individuals with psychiatric diagnoses in correctional settings is well-established. Front-line officers play a central role in dealing with mental health struggles of inmates. Nonetheless, the training that officers receive is often considered inadequate. To address this gap, the goal of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate a mental health training for correctional officers at the Toronto South Detention Centre (TSDC) and Vanier Centre for Women (VCW) in Ontario, Canada.MethodA needs assessment was undertaken among officers at the TSDC. In response to needs identified, a one-day course was delivered to officers (n = 57) at the TSDC and VCW (n = 41). The curriculum included mental health awareness; assessment of risk; communicating with inmates in distress; and self-care. Live simulations provided the opportunity for participants to identify signs of mental illness, assess risk, and respond strategically to de-escalate situations. Participants’ knowledge and confidence in their ability to identify and assist individuals with these problems was established using pre and post measures. Participant satisfaction was also measured via a survey. A three-month follow-up administration was used to determine maintenance of gains. Focus groups at nine months were conducted to understand participants’ needs, learning, and impact of training.ResultThe results were promising, with 92% and 88% of participants at TSDC and Vanier Centre for Women respectively expressing satisfaction and 62% and 68% at TSDC and Vanier Centre for Women respectively stating they intended to change practices. Analyses of change in knowledge and confidence scores pre to post-training showed statistically significant improvement in all areas measured. Three-month follow-up at TSDC showed 75% of respondents have applied what they learned from the training to a “moderate or great extent”. Focus group themes showed improved attitudes and ability to identify behaviours related to inmate mental health struggles and interest in further training to support officers’ mental health.ConclusionThis study shows that training informed by officer learning needs can help them better meet the mental health needs of inmates. Training can improve attitudes toward inmates presenting with mental health issues. Training that is interactive and provides skills practice can have sustained impact on practice. Further training should integrate self-care to support officers' mental health.
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Wali, Sahr, Milena Guessi Margarido, Amika Shah, Patrick Ware, Michael McDonald, Mary O'Sullivan, Juan Duero Posada, Heather Ross, and Emily Seto. "Expanding Telemonitoring in a Virtual World: A Case Study of the Expansion of a Heart Failure Telemonitoring Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e26165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26165.

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Background To minimize the spread and risk of a COVID-19 outbreak, societal norms have been challenged with respect to how essential services are delivered. With pressures to reduce the number of in-person ambulatory visits, innovative models of telemonitoring have been used during the pandemic as a necessary alternative to support access to care for patients with chronic conditions. The pandemic has led health care organizations to consider the adoption of telemonitoring interventions for the first time, while others have seen existing programs rapidly expand. Objective At the Toronto General Hospital in Ontario, Canada, the rapid expansion of a telemonitoring program began on March 9, 2020, in response to COVID-19. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences related to the expanded role of a telemonitoring program under the changing conditions of the pandemic. Methods A single-case qualitative study was conducted with 3 embedded units of analysis. Semistructured interviews probed the experiences of patients, clinicians, and program staff from the Medly telemonitoring program at a heart function clinic in Toronto, Canada. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis as well as Eakin and Gladstone’s value-adding approach to enhance the analytic interpretation of the study findings. Results A total of 29 participants were interviewed, including patients (n=16), clinicians (n=9), and operational staff (n=4). Four themes were identified: (1) providing care continuity through telemonitoring; (2) adapting telemonitoring operations for a more virtual health care system; (3) confronting virtual workflow challenges; and (4) fostering a meaningful patient-provider relationship. Beyond supporting virtual visits, the program’s ability to provide a more comprehensive picture of the patient’s health was valued. However, issues relating to the lack of system integration and alert-driven interactions jeopardized the perceived sustainability of the program. Conclusions With the reduction of in-person visits during the pandemic, virtual services such as telemonitoring have demonstrated significant value. Based on our study findings, we offer recommendations to proactively adapt and scale telemonitoring programs under the changing conditions of an increasingly virtual health care system. These include revisiting the scope and expectations of telemedicine interventions, streamlining virtual patient onboarding processes, and personalizing the collection of patient information to build a stronger virtual relationship and a more holistic assessment of patient well-being.
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Shantier, Mohamed, Yanhong Li, Monika Ashwin, Olsegun Famure, and Sunita K. Singh. "Use of the Living Kidney Donor Profile Index in the Canadian Kidney Transplant Recipient Population: A Validation Study." Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 7 (January 2020): 205435812090697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054358120906976.

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Background: The Living Kidney Donor Profile Index (LKDPI) was derived in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) from the United States to predict the risk of total graft failure. There are important differences in patient demographics, listing practices, access to transplantation, delivery of care, and posttransplant mortality in Canada as compared with the United States, and the generalizability of the LKDPI in the Canadian context is unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to externally validate the LKDPI in a large contemporary cohort of Canadian KTR. Design: Retrospective cohort validation study. Setting: Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Patients: A total of 645 adult (≥18 years old) living donor KTR between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016 with follow-up until December 31, 2017 were included in the study. Measurements: The predictive performance of the LKDPI was evaluated. The outcome of interest was total graft failure, defined as the need for chronic dialysis, retransplantation, or death with graft function. Methods: The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the relation between the LKDPI and total graft failure. The Cox proportional hazards model was also used for external validation and performance assessment of the model. Discrimination and calibration were used to assess model performance. Discrimination was assessed using Harrell’s C statistic and calibration was assessed graphically, comparing observed versus predicted probabilities of total graft failure. Results: A total of 645 living donor KTR were included in the study. The median LKDPI score was 13 (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.1, 29.9). Higher LKDPI scores were associated with an increased risk of total graft failure (hazard ratio = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-1.02; P = .02). Discrimination was poor (C statistic = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.48-0.61). Calibration was as good at 1-year posttransplant but suboptimal at 3- and 5-years posttransplant. Limitations: Limitations include a relatively small sample size, predicted probabilities for assessment of calibration only available for scores of 0 to 100, and some missing data handled by imputation. Conclusions: In this external validation study, the predictive ability of the LKDPI was modest in a cohort of Canadian KTR. Validation of prediction models is an important step to assess performance in external populations. Potential recalibration of the LKDPI may be useful prior to clinical use in external cohorts.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health risk assessment – Ontario – Toronto"

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Zangeneh, Masood. "Gender differentiated motivational orientation and its relationship with the acculturation process." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19023.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the associations among gender-differentiated motivational orientations (integrative and instrumental), acculturation success, and risky behaviours (illicit substance use and gambling behaviour) among Iranian youth who have immigrated to Toronto. DESIGN: Given the exploratory nature of the proposed research, a cross-sectional research design was used. SUBJECTS: A combination of purposive-proportional quota sampling and snowball sampling methods were employed. The sample for this research was comprised of 308 participants (M=155, F=153) who 1) were born in Iran, 2) had recently immigrated to Canada from Iran 2-8 years ago, and 3) were currently attending high school, enrolled in Grade 9, 10, 11, or 12 (ages 15 to 18) in Toronto. RESULTS: The results of the current study confirm 1) the findings in the existing literature that adherence to an instrumental motivational orientation is positively correlated with risktaking behaviours; 2) confirm some of the existing literature findings, which suggest that lower levels of acculturation are negatively associated with problem behaviours; 3) show that males possess an instrumental motivational orientation significantly more than females, and that females possess an integrative motivational orientation significantly more than males; 4) indicate that male participants show significantly lower levels of acculturation while female participants demonstrate higher level of acculturation, which confirms that acculturation is significantly determined by gender; and 5) partially support some of the claims in the literature; for example, it found males are more at risk for illicit drugs, while females to be more at risk for alcohol consumption. DISCUSSION The current study is among the first to examine the interrelationships among illicit substance use and gambling behaviour, acculturation success/stress, and motivational orientation among Iranian adolescent immigrants. To understand the predictors of success or failure among adolescent youth, replication of the current study is necessary.
Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Books on the topic "Health risk assessment – Ontario – Toronto"

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Offord, Dan. Children at risk: Review of the research literature. [Toronto, Ont.]: Laidlaw Foundation, 1989.

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Macpherson, A. S. Environmental health effects of waste incineration in the City of Toronto. Toronto: Dept. of Public Health, 1987.

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Fleming, Scott W. Health risk assessment of mercury contamination in the vicinity of ICI Forest Products, Cornwall, Ontario : report. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

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Ont.) International Seminar on Animal Import Risk Analysis (1991 Ottawa. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Animal Import Risk Analysis: Sunday, August 11, 1991, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Hyattsville, Md.?: USDA?, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health risk assessment – Ontario – Toronto"

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Ferguson, G. F., E. Sigal, and C. Bacigalupo. "Human Health Risk Assessment Results." In Risk Assessment and Environmental Management. A Case Study in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Maralte, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5645/b.1.8.

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Ferguson, G. F., and E. Sigal. "Human Health Risk Assessment Problem Formulation." In Risk Assessment and Environmental Management. A Case Study in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Maralte, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5645/b.1.5.

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Ferguson, G. F., E. Sigal, and C. Bacigalupo. "Detailed Human Health Risk Assessment Methods." In Risk Assessment and Environmental Management. A Case Study in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Maralte, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5645/b.1.7.

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Kunjir, Ajinkya, Jugal Shah, and Vikas Trikha. "Descriptive Data Analytics on Dinesafe Data for Food Assessment and Evaluation Using R Programming Language." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 485–507. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3053-5.ch025.

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In the digital era of the 21st century, data analytics (DA) can be highlighted as 'finding conclusions based on observations' or unique knowledge discovery from data (KDD) in form of patterns and visualizations for ease of understanding. The city of Toronto consists of thousands of food chains, restaurants, bars based all over the streets of the city. Dinesafe is an agency-based inspection system monitored by the provincial and municipal regulations and ran by the Ministry of Health, Ontario. This chapter proposes an efficient descriptive data analytics on the Dinesafe data provided by the Health Ministry of Toronto, Ontario using an open-source data programming framework like R. The data is publicly available for all the researchers and motivates the practitioners for conveying the results to the ministry for betterment of the people of Toronto. The chapter will also shed light on the methodology, visualization, types and share the results from the work executed on R.
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Ferguson, G. F., E. Sigal, C. Bacigalupo, and C. Wren. "Sampling and Analyses to Fill Data Gaps for the Human Health Risk Assessment." In Risk Assessment and Environmental Management. A Case Study in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Maralte, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5645/b.1.6.

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Kerr, Selina E. M. "Misogynistic Males." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 321–36. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4957-5.ch018.

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Scholars have begun to identify the links between incidents of mass murder and misogynistic behaviors. From the 2014 Isla Vista campus shootings in California through to an incident of mass violence with a van in Toronto in 2017, identifying as an “incel” has been cited as a motivating factor in the perpetrators' pre-attack writings. “Incel” stands for “involuntary celibates,” an online subculture of males displaying rage at females, expressing fandom for mass shooters, and fantasizing about violence. Further complicating matters is the frequent overlap between intimate partner violence and/or stalking with acts of mass violence. In this chapter, suggestions are advanced for ways to effectively assess the risk of mass violence when misogynistic behaviors are present. The potential use of risk assessment instruments is discussed, in addition to ways to devise an effective threat assessment system.
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Shafrir, Uri. "Meaning Equivalence Reusable Learning Objects (MERLO) Access to Knowledge in Early Digital Era and Development of Pedagogy for Conceptual Thinking." In Pedagogy for Conceptual Thinking and Meaning Equivalence, 22–53. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1985-1.ch002.

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This chapter describes the effects of availability of digital knowledge on teaching, learning, and assessment, and the emergence of pedagogy for conceptual thinking with meaning equivalence in different knowledge domains in early digital era. It includes three proof-of-concept implementations of meaning equivalent reusable learning objects (MERLO) in three different contexts: 1) Course ‘Risk management in the Supply Chain' at Material and Manufacturing Ontario (MMO) Centre of Excellence, in 2002, to evaluate the potential of MERLO to assess and improve learning outcomes in workplace workshops to be offered jointly by MMO and University of Toronto Innovation Foundation; 2) in 2004, secondary school courses in mathematics, physics, and chemistry at Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Lycee ‘Physical-Technical High School' at St. Petersburg, to train teachers in administering MERLO formative assessments and evaluate learning outcomes in STEM courses (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics); 3) in 2006, implementing MERLO pedagogy, including development of MERLO databases for grades 9 – 12 mathematics courses at Independent Learning Center (ILC) of TVOntario.
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