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Duncan, Peter Neil. "Moral problems in the theory and practice of health promotion." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/moral-problems-in-the-theory-and-practice-of-health-promotion(d60c4fa4-db4a-47d9-b870-1f4b2a3d70fc).html.
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Larsson, Madelene. "Formal Female Mentoring Relationship as Health Promotion." Licentiate thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55263.
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The transition from adolescence to adulthood can bring with it mental health problems, resulting in reduced mental well-being among young women and an increasing public health issue. Perceived mental health problems can be a major obstacle to personal development and opportunities for becoming established in society. Thus, promotive interventions are needed. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore women’s experience of mentoring relationships as health promotion from the perspectives of both parties in the dyad: the young woman transitioning from adolescence to adulthood (the protégé), and her ten-year-older female mentor. This thesis used a practice-based approach to investigate a group of participants involved in a Swedish non-governmental organization, the Girls Zone. Data collection was conducted including interviews (n = 5) and surveys (n = 52) with female protégés, and interviews with female mentors (n = 12). Study I explored the characteristics of the female protégés and the development of the mentoring relationship, and used mixed methods. Study II, which investigated mentors’ initial motives and the organizational context which enabled the mentors’ engagement, used an explorative qualitative method. This thesis showed that female mentoring relationships seem to have potential to be a health-promoting intervention. A variety of young women were attracted to the mentoring program, and mentorships in line with the perspectives of relational-cultural theory could meet the relationship needs expressed by the female protégés. Further, mentors’ motivations for engaging as mentors were linked to the fulfillment of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, in accordance with the perspective of self-determination theory.
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Morton, Katie Louise. "The application of transformational leadership theory to parenting and adolescent health promotion." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36373.
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The overall purpose of my dissertation was to apply a framework of parenting that draws from transformational leadership theory to better understand the influence of parents on the health-enhancing cognitions and behaviours among adolescents. Transformational parenting is a type of parenting that elevates, inspires and challenges youth to achieve higher levels of functioning, and is conceptualized as the extent to which parents interact with their children through the demonstration of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. In chapter 1, an overview is provided of the importance of adolescent health and well-being, and the role of parents in adolescent health promotion. In addition, chapter 1 presents a synopsis of validity theory and an overview of the subsequent chapters within this dissertation. Following this, an extensive review of both the transformational leadership and parenting literatures is presented and the conceptual similarities between parenting and leadership are highlighted (chapter 2). In this theoretical and integrative review, it is argued that extending transformational leadership theory to parenting presents an opportunity for developing a useful conceptual model for (a) understanding the relationships between parenting and adolescents’ health behaviours, and (b) supporting the development of parenting interventions. The development of a measure of transformational parenting for use with adolescents is presented in chapter 3. First, potential items were generated and evidence for content validity was demonstrated through the use of focus groups with parents and adolescents. Evidence for several aspects of construct validity of measures derived from the Transformational Parenting Questionnaire (TPQ) is provided. Positive relationships between mothers’ and fathers’ transformational parenting behaviours, adolescents’ self-regulatory efficacy for physical activity and healthy eating, and life satisfaction are also demonstrated. The results of a pilot intervention guided by transformational leadership theory, are presented in chapter 4. Finally, in chapter 5, an overview is provided of the novel contributions of the research as well as limitations and future directions. In conclusion, the research presented within this dissertation demonstrates that transformational leadership theory represents a useful paradigm to better understand, and potentially foster, health-enhancing cognitions, behaviours and well-being among adolescents.
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Dickinson, Angela Mary. "The food choices and eating habits of older people : a grounded theory." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270298.
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Mayer, Alyssa Brooke. "Documenting Perceived Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Promotion Coalitions: A Grounded Theory Approach." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5738.
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Introduction: Community coalitions with public health-related missions are formal, semi-permanent, action-oriented partnerships comprised of community members, representatives of government agencies, policymakers, and academic partners. Despite their potential to promote sustainable change, coalitions have had mixed success in effecting long-term improvements in community health. There is a need to assist them in developing strategies for improving and sustaining their functionality. The purpose of this study was to improve understanding of the elements of coalition success and sustainability that are vital to health-related community-based participatory research.
Methods: Although the literature describes coalition functions for effecting sustainable programs and policies, most research reports on individual programs only, rather than looking at the breadth of community coalitions and the commonalities that contribute to their effectiveness. Semi-structured interviews (N = 42) with academic and community partners followed by a grounded theory analysis of the data address this gap and provide theoretical underpinnings of factors sustaining coalition effectiveness.
Results: Seven domains emerged: (1) Characteristics related to coalition structure and processes; (2) Partner characteristics, e.g., diversity, patience, flexibility, expertise; (3) Community characteristics, e.g., capacity, ownership; (4) Partnership dynamics and synergy; (5) Tangible benefits; (6) Available resources, and; (7) Project characteristics. In all, 70 elements representing these categories influenced coalition effectiveness over time.
Discussion: Sustained effectiveness means continual improvement, ongoing development of skills and structures to support positive change, and expanded program or policy activities that benefit stakeholders. Whereas community researchers have yet to reach consensus on the universal elements of sustainability, this study expands knowledge of the factors contributing to coalition effectiveness beyond initial project implementation.
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Piper, Stewart. "An interpretive inquiry testing the relationship between health promotion theory and nursing practice." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403617.
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Sturt, Jacqueline Alys. "Implementation of self-efficacy theory into health promotion practice in primary health care : an action research approach." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251328.
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McCullough, Mary Beth. "Development of a theory-based intervention to increase children's understanding of health." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-2/mcculloughm/marybethmccullough.pdf.
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Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia. "Towards a Theory of Sustainable Prevention of Chagas Disease: An Ethnographic Grounded Theory Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1509078663231878.
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MacDonald, Marjorie A. "Reconciling concept and context, a grounded theory study of implementing school-based health promotion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/NQ34584.pdf.
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LOPES, ROSANE CARVALHO. "HEALTH PROMOTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL EDUCATIONAL THEORY: THE RELEVANCE OF EMPOWERMENT, PARTICIPATION, DIALOGICITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12353@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA presente tese tem como propósito geral analisar, no contexto da Promoção da Saúde, as concepções das categorias de empowerment, participação e dialogicidade a partir da Teoria Educacional Crítica (TEC). Como objetivos específicos, estabeleceram-se: identificar nas Cartas e Declarações sobre Promoção da Saúde, produzidas no período compreendido entre 1986 a 2005, as concepções apresentadas de empowerment, participação e dialogicidade; e, caracterizar as temáticas e os sentidos que estas concepções expressam, respectivamente em cada um destes documentos, a partir da discussão fundamentada na Teoria Educacional Crítica. Trata-se de uma análise documental essencialmente qualitativa, cujo corpus de texto foi composto por sete fontes documentais. Como ferramental de análise elegeu-se um conjunto de técnica e procedimentos da Análise de Conteúdo Temática visando sua interpretação. Tem como corpus de análise Conferências de âmbito internacional sobre Promoção da Saúde, divulgadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e pela Organização Pan- Americana da Saúde. Os resultados obtidos apontam que os sentidos do empowerment, nos documentos oficiais de Promoção da Saúde, focalizam a transferência do conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de potencialidades, enquanto que a participação apresenta-se predominantemente com o sentido de controle social, poder de decisão e poder. Merece destaque que a concepção de dialogicidade não se faz presente nos documentos. Entende-se assim que estas concepções e sentidos, tal qual apresentados, não contemplam a práxis transformadora, um dos princípios essenciais tanto da Promoção da Saúde como da Teoria Educacional Crítica. Sugere-se que, para que sujeitos e coletivos na área da saúde concretizem as propostas contidas nas Cartas e Declarações de Promoção da Saúde, faz-se necessário as contribuições da Teoria Educacional Critica.
The general aim of this thesis is to analyse, in the context of health promotion, the conceptions of empowerment, participation and dialogicity to be found in the Declarations and Letters on Health Promotion produced in the period 1986 - 2005, from the perspective of Critical Educational Theory. Specific objectives were: to identify the conceptions of empowerment, participation and dialogicity present in the Declarations; characterise the themes and meanings that these conceptions express in each of the documents, from the perspective of critical educational theory. The bulk of the thesis is a qualitative document analysis, the corpos of which was composed of seven documents. The analytical tools used were a set of techniques and procedures from Content Analysis, utilized with the intention of interpreting the documents. The corpos comprises Declarations resulting from international conferences on Health Promotion, published by the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization. The results obtained indicate that the meanings of empowerment, contained in these oficial documents on Health Promotion, focus on the transfer of knowledge and the development of abilities, while participation presents itself predominately with the meaning of social control, power and power of decision. An important result was the complete lack of any conception of dialogicity in the documents analysed. These results show that these conceptions and meanings, as interpreted in this analysis, do not contemplate a transformatory práxis, one of the essential principles of Health Promotion and Critical Educational Theory. It is suggested that the possibility of realising the proposals for Health Promotion contained in these Letters and Declarations, by both individuals and colectives, necessitates the contributions of Critical Educational Theory.
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Chima, Chidi. "Predicting Weight Management Advice Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory Among Psychiatry Professionals." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3340.
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Obesity remains a public health concern among persons with mental illness resulting from the interaction of a combination of factors such as genetic, medication, effects of their symptoms, social, and environmental factors. Obesity complications account for increased mortality and morbidity, reduced life expectancy, and quality of life in persons with mental illness. The management of obesity is challenging and predicting the ability of mental health professionals to advise patients on weight management behavior is important to improve patients' overall well-being. The social cognitive theory constructs knowledge, expectations, situational perception, self-efficacy, and goal setting were utilized in predicting Weight Management Advice Behavior (WMAB) among psychiatry professionals. WMAB described the ability of professionals to effectively offer advice on managing weight. A cross-sectional study design was used, in which data were collected using a validated instrument. A sample size of 134 was used and the collected data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression, logistic regression and MANOVA. Self-efficacy, goal setting, knowledge, and situational perception were found to have a significant association with WMAB individually. Only self-efficacy (p < .001), goal setting (p < .001), knowledge (p < .001), and situational perception (p < .05) were independent predictors of WMAB among psychiatry healthcare professionals. There were significant differences among the professional groups with regards to knowledge, self-efficacy, goal setting, situational perception, and expectations. The study findings will bring about positive social change by informing the advice of professionals, reducing obesity and alleviating its burden among people with mental illness.
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Anyikwa, Augustina. "Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Obesity Behaviors in Hispanic American Children." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5675.
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Childhood obesity is a growing challenge in the U.S. Hispanic American population. There is a need for evidence-based approaches to combat this problem. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is one such approach. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which selected constructs of SCT (expectations, self-efficacy, self-efficacy in overcoming barriers and self-control) could predict five childhood obesity prevention behaviors, namely time spent on television watching, time spent on physical activities, water consumption, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and meal portion size among Hispanic American children. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed for this study. Data were collected from a sample of 235 Hispanic American children between the ages of 11 and 15 years, using a cluster sampling method. A reliable survey instrument used for data collection in this study Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Survey, was developed and validated by Sharma, Wagner, and Wilkerson (2014) from three community churches in three different Georgia counties. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the predictability of the independent variables, which were the constructs of SCT, and the dependent variables, which were the five behaviors. Significant SCT predictor of television-watching behavior was expectations (p = 0.004; adjusted R2 = 0.08). The statistically significant physical activity SCT predictor was self-efficacy (p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.24). It is envisaged that the results of the study will assist public health education practitioners in developing concerted interventions among Hispanic American children and families designed to reduce childhood obesity facilitating a positive social change.
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Power, Brian. "Developing evidence-based and theory-informed recommendations for a workplace-based behaviour change intervention targeted to nurses." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230608.
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Unhealthy eating and physical activity behaviours are common among nurses. As nurses spend a substantial proportion of their waking hours at work, interest in delivering interventions in the workplace to improve this populations' eating and physical activity behaviours is growing. This programme of research aimed to systematically develop evidence-based and theory-informed recommendations for a workplace intervention to change nurses' eating and physical activity behaviours. Methods: A systematic literature review of published randomised controlled trials was undertaken. Factors that behavioural theories suggest may influence nurses' eating and physical activity behaviours were identified through theoretical domains framework-informed qualitative interviews and a survey of nurses. Intervention recommendations were specified in terms of (i) intervention functions and policy categories using a Behaviour Change Wheel and (ii) theory-informed behaviour change techniques using a behaviour change technique taxonomy. Evidence related to the parameters of effectiveness for each technique was also taken into account during this intervention specification process. The selected techniques were then combined into a conceptual overview of a potential workplace intervention. Results: Data from 13 randomised controlled trials indicate workplace-based behaviour change interventions targeted to this population are effective in decreasing body weight. The evidence base is, however, limited in quantity and quality. Nurses' beliefs about important determinants of eating and physical activity behaviour change were identifed across 16 qualitative interviews and 245 survey responses and key determinants included: environmental context and resources; behavioural regulation; emotion; beliefs about consequences; knowledge and optimism. Based on this behavioural diagnosis, 24 behaviour change techniques suitable for targeting the identified determinants were chosen and combined into a potential workplace intervention. Conclusions: This thesis illustrates the utility of the Theoretical Domains Framework, the Behaviour Change Wheel and the behaviour change technique taxonomy for developing workplace intervention recommendations. The proposed recommendations address a gap in the current evidence base. Such an intervention, if implemented, has the potential to improve nurses' eating and physical activity behaviours and in turn, the health of nurses and the quality of healthcare delivery.
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Lindhe, Söderlund Lena. "Motivational Interviewing in Theory and Practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Socialmedicin och folkhälsovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60330.
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An estimated 50% of mortality from the 10 leading causes of death is due to behaviour. Individuals can make important contributions to their own health by adopting health-related behaviours and avoiding others. Motivational interviewing (MI) has emerged as a counselling approach for behavioural change that builds on a patient empowerment perspective by supporting autonomy and self-efficacy. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to improved understanding of the different factors that impact on general health care professionals’ learning and practice of MI. Specific aims are; study I was to identify barriers, facilitators and modifiers to use MI with pharmacy clients in community pharmacies; study II was to identify barriers and facilitators to use MI with overweight and obese children in child welfare and school health services; study III was to evaluate the attitudes towards MI and clinical use of MI with children´s weight issues one year after child health care nurses’ participation in MI training; study IV was to systematically review studies that have evaluated the contents and outcomes of MI training for general health care professionals. Participants in study I were 15 community pharmacy pharmacists in Östergötland, Sweden. Participants in study II were five child welfare centre nurses from the county council and six municipally-employed school health service nurses, all from Östergötland, Sweden. Data for both studies were obtained through focus group interviews. Study III, participants were 76 nurses from child health care centres in Östergötland, Sweden. 1-year after MI training they answered a survey. Study IV, the material was 10 empirical studies that have evaluated different aspects of MI training. MI training for general health care providers is generally of short duration and tends to focus on specific topics such as diabetes, smoking, and alcohol. The training seems to contain more training on phase I elements, such as clients’ inner motivation, than on phase II, which involves strengthening clients’ commitment to change. MI is seen as practical and useful in work with lifestyle and health promotion issues, especially with issues that may be perceived as sensitive, such as alcohol and obesity. General health care providers have positive attitudes to MI and view MI as being compatible with their values and norms about how they want to work. Clients’ resistance reactions are difficult to handle in the first stages of learning MI, and may lead to frustration. Strategies to avoid resistance are including in the final stages of learning MI. Learning and clinical use of MI for general health care providers is influenced by interactions with their environment (colleagues, staff and organization). Unlearning of old knowledge can be a problem for general health care providers in the learning and clinical use of MI.
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Cheng, Benjamin Ka Lun. "Promoting healthy eating among children using regulatory fit theory." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1537.
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Wolfe, Megan Elizabeth. "An evaluation of an exercise adherence intervention using the social cognitive theory." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1229800264.
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Cockburn, Lynn. "The responses of Bamenda disability organizations to HIV and AIDS: A multiple case study." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/707.
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In Cameroon, many disabled people (an estimated 10-20% of the population) have inadequate access to education and health care, and disabled people's organizations (DPOs) are advocating for social change. Yet, there is a scarcity of information regarding how African DPOs address HIV and AIDS. The purpose of this study was to assess how DPOs in Cameroon have responded to AIDS in the disabled population and to identify strategies to enable DPOs to manage AIDS issues. This study was guided by the complex adaptive systems theory as the theoretical framework. The research questions focused on what DPOs have done to develop their organizational capacities to address AIDS issues, and on the contextual factors that influence these organizational capacities. To answer the research questions, a qualitative, multiple case study was conducted. A purposeful sample of 25 people, primarily executive members of four community-based nongovernmental DPOs and key informants with experience in this field, participated in interviews and focus groups. Information was gathered from documents and participant observation. Data were coded using a priori and emergent codes and iteratively analyzed into themes. Evident themes were that capacities in these groups were limited by marginalization and poverty, a lack of connection between DPOs and the AIDS community, limited health education, and inadequate understandings of the complexity of AIDS. DPOs desired participation in AIDS-related efforts and continued to explore potential opportunities. These results could be used to enhance social change by improving AIDS practices and research programs, increasing organizational capacity and social inclusion of DPOs, and the development of policy at organizational and governmental levels.
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Chadyuk, Oleksiy. "A Test of an Evolutionary Theory of Adiposity Gain Induced by Long Sleep in Descendants of European Hunter-Gatherers." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1080.
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Researchers have identified inadequate sleep duration as one of the factors contributing to global obesity. The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesis deduced from a new sleep-duration-based evolutionary theory claiming that sleep extension in response to lengthening night duration in early fall evolved into a behavioral marker of an approaching winter; this adaptive trait was theorized to produce adiposity gain in White men in response to sleep extension. The hypothesis was that White Americans would show a greater increase in the age-adjusted fat mass index per unit of sleep duration compared to that of Black Americans. Data were part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study between 2005 and 2010. The multiple regression analysis did not support the study hypothesis. The results indicated that habitual sleep duration had no effect on the annual rate of adiposity gain in White men, while in Black men, longer sleep was associated with significantly higher annual rates of adiposity gain. Implications for social change include the case for population-specific antiobesity interventions in Black men, including closer monitoring of sleep duration in order to prevent adverse habitual sleep extension and to improve time budgeting for physical exercise.
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Bryan, Lona. "A Limited Rational Choice Theory in Local Public Health Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5542.
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The threat and occurrence of terrorist attacks have increased in the United States since September 2011, heightening concerns for weaponized anthrax, other biological pathogens, and epidemics and pandemics. Early decisions and funding levels in local public health agencies can be the first line of defense or first point of failure; yet little is understood about how decisions are made when there are budget cuts before a biological event happens. Using Lindblom's conceptualization of limited rational choice theory, the purpose of this single case study was to understand how a local public health official made decisions after budget cuts in a single public health entity in the mid-Atlantic area of the United States. Data were collected through an interview with 1 public health official and publicly available plans, procedures, and funding documents. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. Findings indicated that the public health agency's ability to make the best decisions were negatively impacted by limited resources, though adequate planning before a catastrophic event, active and continual communication with stakeholders, and clarity about financial and resource needs can partially offset the impact of budgetary reductions. The implications for social change include recommendations to anticipate and address the needs of the public health system through decision making to protect the health care community and the reduction or elimination of the spread of disease in the wake of a biological incident.
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Guerrero, Marianela. "Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Counseling Behaviors in Registered Dietitians." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6034.
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Obesity and morbid obesity affect more than 30% of Americans, which emulates the rate of smoking as the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. The prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States increased dramatically between 1980 and 2010 (16% to 36%). The integration of the social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs such as self-efficacy, self-control, environment and expectations in the study instrument allowed identifying the impact of personal, social and economic factors on Registered Dietitians (RDs) counseling behaviors with obese clients. The goal of this quantitative cross sectional study was to investigate the association between RDs counseling behaviors and weight loss of clients using SCT. The sample of 150 RDs affiliated to the American Dietetic Association completed a survey to gather counseling behaviors with weight loss clients and SCT constructs. Data were analyzed using multiple regressions. The study showed a significant relationship between three SCT constructs such as self-efficacy in overcoming barriers, counseling environment and self-control with RDs counseling behaviors. The Spearman's rho correlations analyses between independent and dependent variables showed positive relationships between self-efficacy in overcoming barriers in counseling sessions and RDs counseling behaviors .34. The study adds to the literature on weight loss and RDs' counseling skills and creates the foundation for further research studies to reduce obesity by improving counseling skills among RDs.
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Masters, Paula. "Evaluating Socially Determined Health in Rural Appalachia: Use of the Social Quality Theory." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3414.
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People living in rural America face unique social circumstances that can prevent them from reaching optimal health status. This fact holds especially true in the rural Appalachian region of the United States where income, education, living circumstances, and lack of resources create an environment that has some of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in the country. While the rest of the country has seen improvement in many health behaviors and health outcomes, rural Appalachian communities remain unchanged and further behind other regions. In many cases, programming and policy have failed to create a culture of health in Appalachia. Social determinants of the area should be included in interventions and this practice is imperative to achieve effectiveness.
This study examined the social context and definitions of health in a rural, Appalachian community using the Social Quality Theory as a guiding framework. A community-based participatory research approach was adopted and implemented through the use of focus groups. The study generated many meaningful findings. It not only provided a new framework, but also provides an examination of how a rural, impoverished community lacks the social infrastructure to improve health. Current perceptions of health are limited to thoughts of disease or illness and overshadowed by negative social norms. There are few social resources currently available to improve health and a large presence of cultural impediments. Yet this “culture” also provides some advantages and assets that the community may leverage for change.
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Wirick, Stephen E. "The Promotion of Regular Exercise Behavior among Sedentary Emerging Adults Based on Social Cognitive Theory." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417685750.
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Aghenta, Ese B. "Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Physical Activity Among College Students." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1367.
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The health benefits of physical activity include improved cardiovascular health, reduced rates of diabetes and other metabolic diseases, weight maintenance and improved bone and mental health (United States Department Health & Human Services (2008). According to the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA, 2013), only 20.0% of college students in the United States meet this recommendation. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) attempts to explain the intention to perform behaviors that are not under an individual’s complete volitional control and has been highly utilized in predicting intention and performance of physical activity (Courneya, Nigg & Estabrooks, 1998). This study aimed to understand the behavior and intentions of WKU students towards physical activity using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a guiding framework. This study utilized the TPB as a framework to examine health promoting and health inhibiting factors impacting participation in physical activity among college students. The study was a one-time, cross-sectional survey administered to students in a Personal Health (PH 100) course. Institutional Board Review (IRB) approval was obtained for the study. Information was collected on demographic variables and other factors influencing physical activity behavior among PH-100 students. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data collected to determine the associations between the TPB constructs and intentions to perform physical activity. About 38% of participants were classified as having BMI greater than 25, classifying them as overweight or obese. Males were found to be more likely to be overweight or obese than females. A total of 54.6% of participants met the current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for physical activity. Lack of time and lack of energy were the most significant perceived barriers. Attitudes and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were found to significantly impact intention to perform physical activity. In conclusion, the current levels of physical activity among college students can still be improved. The TPB provides a useful framework for predicting intentions to perform physical activity in college students. It can also serve as a useful guide for the development of programs geared toward increasing rates of physical activity among students.
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Olajide, Omotayo Joan. "An investigation of the most effective approach for the delivery of oral health promotion interventions to children." Thesis, Teesside University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/619961.
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Oral health promotion interventions (OHPI) seek to achieve sustainable oral health improvements through actions directed at the underlying determinants of oral health. Clinical trials often promise levels of effectiveness which are not actually achieved in general use, indicating problems with implementation. This study set out to identify an OHPI for which there was strong evidence of effectiveness and then aimed to explore issues that arose in the implementation of that intervention. Research methods A sequential portfolio design was utilised. The first phase involved systematic reviews of literature to identify existing community based OHPI and interventions shown to be effective in reducing dental caries. These were also examined to determine whether the existing evidence base was informative about the process of implementing best evidence. Systematic reviews were undertaken on effectiveness of: supervised toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpastes, supervised fluoridated mouthrinsing and promotion of dietary behaviours, all, in school children. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and BNI electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2013. In total, 47 studies were included in the reviews: 21 studies on supervised toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpastes, 12 on fluoridated mouthrinsing and 14 studies on healthy dietary behaviours towards caries prevention. The second phase was a qualitative research study, which was undertaken to explore the experiences, and perceptions of participants involved in decision-making, planning and delivery of one specific community based OHPI (supervised toothbrushing) in the North East of England. Nineteen participants (NHS and school staff) participated in the qualitative study. Knowledge translation in oral health promotion One-to-one interviews and focus groups interviews were conducted with the participants. Normalisation Process Theory constructs informed the development of the interview guides and was also used in data analysis. In the third phase of the study, an integration of the findings of the first and second phases of the study was conducted. Results In the systematic reviews of literature conducted, the various levels of clinical effectiveness identified were influenced by appropriate and regular fluoride use, involvement of OHP specialists, supervision by parents and the free provision and availability of materials. There was however a general lack of comprehensive information on all aspects of implementation of OHPI. In the second phase of the study, an exploration of barriers to implementation of an OHPI revealed the following: -inadequate utilisation of research evidence -gaps in leadership and management structures -non- investment in engagement and ownership of the intervention -challenges with partnership working and evaluation of implementation of OHPI. Conclusions Availability of evidence of effectiveness of an intervention does not imply that the intervention will be successful when rolled out. Published articles on evidence-based interventions do not have comprehensive information on the mechanisms and workability of the processes required for effective implementation of OHPI. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) enabled the exploration of factors that could facilitate knowledge translation and successful implementation of OHPI. In previous studies, NPT was used to evaluate effectiveness of interventions; in this study it was used to explore the implementation process of an OHPI and has highlighted the need for Knowledge translation in oral health promotion oral health promotion strategy makers and commissioners to revisit the “sense-making” aspect of evidence implementation, to reflect on the need for investing in all members of the team, to encourage the ‘ownership’ of interventions being implemented. In addition, there is a need to review existing leadership and management structures and to re-examine and amend the processes by which OHPI are monitored and reported. These measures would enable maximised effectiveness and sustainability of clinically effective OHPI.
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Albuquerque, Izabelle Mont'Alverne NapoleÃo. "AnÃlise da atenÃÃo primÃria à saÃde da sede de Sobral, Cearà a partir da teoria de sistemas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7491.
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nÃo hÃA avaliaÃÃo da AtenÃÃo PrimÃria à SaÃde ganha destaque no Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS), mas enfrenta desafios teÃricos e operacionais decorrentes da complexidade de seus processos e de suas mÃltiplas causas conjunturais e histÃricas. Em Sobral, CearÃ, a construÃÃo do Sistema Municipal de SaÃde, enquanto um conjunto de serviÃos coordenados por gestÃo local, com Ãrea geogrÃfica definida e metas para melhoria da situaÃÃo de saÃde da populaÃÃo claramente estabelecidas, iniciou-se em 1997. Diante disso, nos reportamos ao modelo de atenÃÃo a saÃde vigente em Sobral, completou dez anos de implantaÃÃo, embasado nos pressupostos do Programa SaÃde da FamÃlia, e centrado nas aÃÃes de promoÃÃo da saÃde e prevenÃÃo das doenÃas, no sentido de avaliar como se encontra esse processo de mudanÃa ao longo desse perÃodo. Nos propomos, neste estudo a analisar o cenÃrio da AtenÃÃo PrimÃria à SaÃde à luz do pensamento sistÃmico. Para tanto, desenvolvemos um estudo avaliativo de abordagem qualitativa, a partir dos referenciais do Pensamento SistÃmico (PS). Os atores sociais da pesquisa foram os profissionais que atuam na EstratÃgia SaÃde da FamÃlia de trÃs Centros de SaÃde da FamÃlia de Sobral, CearÃ, os gerentes destes Centros de SaÃde e os usuÃrios do serviÃo de saÃde, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa a partir da utilizaÃÃo do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. As informaÃÃes foram coletadas durante o ano de 2006, a partir de formulÃrio, grupo focal e entrevista. Os dados foram analisados a partir da TÃcnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Nos resultados, prevaleceram os fatores facilitadores da satisfaÃÃo dos serviÃos apresentados: acolhimento, sentimento de conforto, limpeza das UBS, satisfaÃÃo com o atendimento, a nÃo existÃncia de dÃvidas pÃs-consulta, confianÃa no trabalho da equipe, respeito demonstrado pela equipe; Sendo os restritivos: limitadas informaÃÃes sobre o funcionamento do serviÃo e pouca receptividade dos usuÃrios para participaÃÃo nas sessÃes educativas. O estudo demonstrou ainda que os profissionais da equipe de saÃde da famÃlia, tem uma forte relaÃÃo estabelecida com a comunidade do territÃrio de abrangÃncia da mesma e isso se apresenta como um determinante da qualidade da assistÃncia prestada, mostra tambÃm a importÃncia do agente comunitÃrio de saÃde como elo de ligaÃÃo entre profissionais e comunidade, a participaÃÃo da comunidade nas tomadas de decisÃo atravÃs do espaÃo da roda de co gestÃo de coletivos, percebemos ainda a dificuldade dos gerentes dos Centros de SaÃde da FamÃlia em assumir dois papÃis gerenciamento e cuidado das famÃlias, a dificuldade de acesso da populaÃÃo em relaÃÃo aos serviÃos mÃdicos. Por fim, o estudo demonstrou que os princÃpios da promoÃÃo da saÃde estÃo presentes em alguns aspectos, mas ainda precisam esforÃos de todas as esferas de governo para que as aÃÃes sejam fortalecidas atravÃs de polÃticas centradas na promoÃÃo da saÃde e prevenÃÃo de doenÃas, permitindo um melhor desempenho dos atores na ESF, inclusive de mais investimentos que priorizem o financiamento dos componentes que dÃo sustentabilidade as polÃticas na atenÃÃo primÃria.
The evaluation of Primary Health Care gains importance in the Unified Health System (UHS), yet it faces theoretical and operational challenges due to the complexity of its processes and its multiple conjunct and historical causes. In Sobral, CearÃ, the construction of the Municipal Health System, as a set of services coordinated by local management, with defined geographic area and goals to improve the populationâs health situation clearly established, began in 1997. Through this, we report on the current health care model in Sobral that has completed ten years of implantation, based on presuppositions from the Family Health Program and centered on health promotion actions and illness prevention, in the sense of evaluating how this process of change is faring throughout this process and socialize, after research, the main indicators of change, enabling the redirecting of actions proposed by the actors involved in the system from the perspective of health care professionals and users. Understanding the intrinsic relationship between the Health Care model developed in Sobral and the presuppositions of Health Promotion, we propose in this study to analyze the Primary Health Care scenario in the light of systemic thinking, taking the year 2006 as reference. For which, we developed an evaluative study with qualitative approach, from the referential of Systemic Thinking (ST). The social actors in the survey were the professionals that perform in the Family Health Strategy in the three Health Centers in Sobral, CearÃ: Pedrinhas, Sumarà and Padre Palhano, the managers of these Health Centers and the health service users, who accepted to participate in the survey by means of a Term of Free and Informed Consent. The information was collected by means of a form, group focus and interview. For the data from interviews, managers and focus groups, we used the Collective Subject Speech technique. In the results, the facilitating factors for the satisfaction of presented services prevailed: reception, sense of comfort, at Basic Health Units, attendance satisfaction, and non-existence of post-consultation doubts, confidence in the work team, respect demonstrated by the team; With limitations being in smaller proportions and overcome by the relevance of facilitating factors, being presented by: limited information on the running of the service and little receptivity from users for participation in educative sessions. The study demonstrated that the professionals from the Family Health Team (FHT) had a strong relationship established with the community in the territory covered and this is presented as a determinant in the quality of assistance provided. Finally, we require articulation from all the governmental and non-governmental spheres to rethink, discuss and redirect strategies that permit better performance and running of (FHTs), including more investments that prioritize the financing of components that give sustainability to policies in primary care.
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Cargo, Margaret D. "Partnering with adults as a process of empowering youth in the community : a grounded theory study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0031/NQ38861.pdf.
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Olson, Ann Colleen Falkenberg. "Perimenopausal Women's Intended and Actual Behavioral Response to Bone Health Interventions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194232.
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The purpose of this longitudinal repeated measures experimental study was to determine the effects of bone health testing using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on outcomes of intentions toward and actual engagement in bone health behaviors (calcium intake, vitamin D intake, physical activity) among perimenopausal women. The Perimenopausal Bone Health Behaviors Model was developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and guided this study to determine how perimenopausal women respond to DXA and bone health information compared to bone health information only.One hundred fifty community-based perimenopausal women (ages 35-55) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=75 DXA and bone health information) or to a comparison group (n=75 bone health information). Baseline demographic data were collected. The Prevention Intentions Questionnaire and Behaviors Questionnaire were administered at baseline, at two weeks, and at two months after both groups received assigned interventions.Results showed 32% (n = 24) of intervention group women had low bone density. The intervention of DXA and bone health information showed near-significance (p = .068) over the intervention of bone health information alone in affecting women's intentions, and showed near-significance in affecting calcium intake (p = .052). Lower bone density test scores were related to higher intentions (r(74) = -.23, p = .046) at two weeks after DXA and bone health information, and were related to improved vitamin D intake (r(73) = -.25, p = .03) at two months after DXA and bone health information. At study end, Attitudes contributed 27.0% of the variance in Intentions among women who received DXA and bone health information; Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control contributed 62.0% of the variance in Intentions among women who received bone health information only.Nursing interventions focusing on perimenopausal women should include providing bone health information to all perimenopausal women. Interventions targeting attitudes toward bone health behaviors may motivate some perimenopausal women to participate in behaviors that contribute to decreased risk of osteoporosis. Early detection and intervention in perimenopausal bone loss may reduce osteoporosis morbidity and may impact women's quality of life, reduce financial consequences to individuals, families, communities, and the nation.
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Palmer, James Caldwell. "Qualities of personal interaction : the promotion of research utilisation for quality improvement in the US health care sector." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2323.
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Nature of the inquiry: My research inquiry investigated how qualities of personal interaction shape and affect the promotion of research utilisation for quality improvement in the US healthcare sector. The research investigated my own professional practice of consulting, teaching, and research regarding the improvement of healthcare practices and outcomes. Efforts to improve the quality of healthcare services are often difficult to realise and sustain. The quality improvement movement in the USA and elsewhere has not conducted much self-examination of its own processes for sources of these perennially problematic results. Relevance: The quality of healthcare services can be readily understood as having consequences of life or death, wellness or suffering. Healthcare expenditures in the USA are estimated at 16% of GDP and over 9% in the UK. Improving healthcare quality improvement efforts is a matter of profound human and social significance. Approach: The DMan research methodology is a reflexively aware process conducted as a cohort and as small learning groups of researchers during the three-year programme. The research inquiry used the complex responsive process of relating theory of learning as emergent changes of meaning or, equivalently, knowledge. As a social science of qualities, it uses the qualities of human interaction as the unit of analysis. The research utilised an interdisciplinary approach drawing upon: healthcare quality improvement literature; organizational discourse studies; research on strategy as practice; performance management; communications theories; the theory of mindful learning; interpersonal neurobiology; figurational sociology; and American pragmatist philosophy. The methodology employs a mindful reflexivity research strategy related to concepts from mindful learning and social neuroscience literature. Central methods included iterative peer and supervisor debriefing and iterative reflexive narrative practice. Findings: A contribution is made to the healthcare literature by describing how ordinary qualities of social coordination dynamics affect the promoters of healthcare research, not just potential users of research. A contribution is made to professional practice by providing a new perspective from which to analyse the sources of performance challenges prevalent in healthcare quality improvement efforts. The research findings indicate how applications of substantial organisational and social resources to promote research utilisation in the US health sector can be co-opted and dissipated away from ostensive substantive objectives. This occurs by research promoters‟ organizational discourse efforts to favourably shape power relating and other qualities of interaction of improvement initiatives. These efforts restrict the emergence of learning about the promoted changes.
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Baglien, Ronald E. "The Role and Perception of Risk in High-risk Sports Participants: A Grounded Theory Study of Rock Climbers." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4916.
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Previous research examining high-risk sports participation has yielded discrepancies between the role assigned to risk and the perceptions of climbers regarding risk. Risk, as it applies to high-risk sport participation, has not been sufficiently defined in the literature. The current study sought to develop, by means of a grounded theory approach, a new, dynamic operational definition of risk as it applies to rock climbers, and to examine the role of risk management as a modifying factor in the perception of risk and its impact on motivation and participation. Nineteen subjects (twelve male and seven female) averaging 14.7 years of climbing experience were interviewed. A model for the processing of risk in high-risk sports participants is presented in which risk is perceived by the participant as operating on three levels: actual risk, assessed risk, and mental or perceived risk. The exposure to actual and assessed risk does not appear to be a goal of the climbers interviewed, but does provide meaning to decisions made by the participant, as well as defining limits and boundaries. Mental or perceived risk serves to provide a mental challenge to be overcome by the climber, and may provide a thrill or "adrenaline rush" that is sought out by some participants. The elimination of risk would change most participants' perceptions of climbing. Motivation would be negatively affected in most cases. The model presented describes a process of risk awareness, assessment, acceptance, mitigation, results, and consequences that is situation specific. The perception and assessment of risk varies from individual to individual, as well as across time. Individual climbers have a well defined risk threshold: a point at which the risk to which they are exposing themselves becomes too great and the decision will be made to reject risk. This threshold is stable and does not shift as the result of experience. It is suggested that future research which seeks to examine the role of risk in high-risk sports participation focus on the process by which risk is identified, evaluated, and accepted, as this will be of the most benefit to the participants.
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Egge, Hilde. "Du er ikke alene” : Samtalegrupper som helsefremmende tiltak for skilsmissebarn. En Grounded Theory studie." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3107.
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Bakgrunn Samtalegrupper for skilsmissebarn har vist seg å ha en positiv effekt ved at deltagerne får økt selvfølelse, blir lettere og gladere, viser bedre trivsel og får en mer positiv opplevelse av familien. Hensikt Å kartlegge hva som hjelper og hvorfor det hjelper å delta i samtalegruppe for elever som har opplevd samlivsbrudd. Metode 28 elever, 14-16 år, fra tre ulike steder i Norge er blitt intervjuet i syv fokusgrupper. Grounded Theory er blitt brukt i analysen av materialet. Resultat Fellesskapet med andre skilsmissebarn har en helsefremmende effekt ved at elevene får noen å identifisere seg med, de opplever åpenhet rundt det de har erfart, og de uttrykker gjensidig støtte til hverandre. Dette gir økt trygghet og selvtillit, økt styring over eget liv, økt forståelse av skilsmissen og foreldre/steforeldre samt evne til å se de positive sidene ved skilsmissen. Konklusjon Studien viser at samtalegrupper for skilsmissebarn kan være et viktig tiltak i folkehelsearbeidetBackground Peer groups for children of divorced parents have been shown to have a positive effect. Participants experience increased self-esteem, become happier, and report better well-being and a more positive family experience. Aim This study aimed to identify and increase understanding of the positive consequences of participating in peer groups for children of divorced parents. Method Twenty-eight pupils, 14–16 years of age, from three various communities in Norway participated in seven focus group discussions. Grounded Theory was applied in the analysis. Results Peer groups create a sense of community that provides health promotive effects for children experiencing divorce. Group members who share similar experiences gain a feeling of openness and support, providing increased confidence and self-confidence as well as better influence and control over their own lives. Peer groups also increase understanding of divorce, parents/step-parents, and ability to see the positive aspects of divorce. Conclusion This study shows that peer groups for children of divorced parents may provide an important public health measure.
ISBN 978-91-86739-25-6
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Dick, Mathew Philip. "Intersectoral collaboration theory as a framework to assist in developing a local government food and nutrition policy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/856.
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The potential role of local government in NSW to address public health nutrition issues has received encouraging reports. This treatise deals with the question of whether intersectoral collaboration theory is useful to assist development of a relationship with local government to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory describes six conditions necessary for successful action: necessity, opportunity, capacity, relationships, planned action, and sustained outcomes. The project was a feasibility study carried out in a densely populated and multicultural local government area in Sydney's southwest during April 1998. Eight Council employees and one elected representative were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire to collect a range of opinions and knowledge about Council's involvement in a food and nutrition policy. Conceptual frameworks for the study included the Ottawa Charter and the food and nutrition system. Theoretical underpinning's were provided by intersectoral collaboration theory and organisational change theory. Using intersectoral collaboration theory, analysis of the interviews revealed that participants were very concerned with conditions of necessity, opportunity and capacity to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory correctly predicted that the action proposed would have to assist Council to achieve their core business, gain social and political support and be possible within the current economic environment and level of other resources available. Participants were not able to identify how a food and nutrition policy would meet these conditions and be feasible within the current capacity of the organisation, and therefore did not become fully engaged in the feasibility study. The health sector needs to develop arguments for local government involvement from their perspective. Organisational change within the heath sector is required to develop capacity for intersectoral partnerships, as an effective strategy to address public health nutrition issues.
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Dick, Mathew Philip. "Intersectoral collaboration theory as a framework to assist in developing a local government food and nutrition policy." University of Sydney. Public Health and Community Medicine, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/856.
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The potential role of local government in NSW to address public health nutrition issues has received encouraging reports. This treatise deals with the question of whether intersectoral collaboration theory is useful to assist development of a relationship with local government to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory describes six conditions necessary for successful action: necessity, opportunity, capacity, relationships, planned action, and sustained outcomes. The project was a feasibility study carried out in a densely populated and multicultural local government area in Sydney�s southwest during April 1998. Eight Council employees and one elected representative were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire to collect a range of opinions and knowledge about Council�s involvement in a food and nutrition policy. Conceptual frameworks for the study included the Ottawa Charter and the food and nutrition system. Theoretical underpinning�s were provided by intersectoral collaboration theory and organisational change theory. Using intersectoral collaboration theory, analysis of the interviews revealed that participants were very concerned with conditions of necessity, opportunity and capacity to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory correctly predicted that the action proposed would have to assist Council to achieve their core business, gain social and political support and be possible within the current economic environment and level of other resources available. Participants were not able to identify how a food and nutrition policy would meet these conditions and be feasible within the current capacity of the organisation, and therefore did not become fully engaged in the feasibility study. The health sector needs to develop arguments for local government involvement from their perspective. Organisational change within the heath sector is required to develop capacity for intersectoral partnerships, as an effective strategy to address public health nutrition issues.
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Kratz, Stacy Eileen. "An Exploratory Study of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Communication among Haitian Mother–Daughter Dyads in West Central Florida." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7183.
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This exploratory study examined links between health communication and other constructs affecting health promotion and disease prevention among Haitian mother-daughter dyads living in West Central Florida, and the risk or protective factors for HIV. Risky sexual behaviors can be reduced with accurate and effective information provided through parent-adolescent communication (Coetzee et al, 2014; Ogle, Glasier & Riley, 2008; Hadley et al., 2009). In Haiti, a country that bears a disproportionate burden of HIV/AIDS, women are the most vulnerable (UNAIDS, 2016a); In the United States (U.S.), foreign-born Haitian women in the state of Florida experience health disparities in many areas and bear a disproportionate burden of HIV/AIDS relative to their non-Haitian peers but little is known about (Florida Department of Health [FLDOH], 2017; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], 2017). Indeed, the state of Florida recently reported that newly diagnosed cases of HIV increased for foreign-born Haitian women and in 2016, the latter represented 3.64% of all cases (Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, HIV/AIDS Section, 2017a). Recognizing that Haitian mothers traditionally bear the primary responsibility for transmitting traditional norms, values, health beliefs and practices, a concept referred to as poto mitan, this qualitative study examined risks and protective factors for HIV that may emerge in health and sexual health communication among Haitian mothers and daughters.
This study comprised a two-phase process in which purposive sampling was first used to recruit and interview a focus group of seven health care providers and Haitian-descendant community leaders who engage Haitian-descendant clients in West Central Florida, after which findings from the focus group were used to strengthen a semi-structured interview guide that would be used to interview 10 Haitian mother/daughter dyads in the area. This study addressed a gap in the scientific literature related to health and sexual health promotion and disease prevention communication among Haitian immigrant women in the U.S., particularly surrounding HIV risk. Specifically, it sought to discover what constitutes specific methods that Haitian mothers use to communicate health and sexual health and the contents of such conversations, as well as the intention of daughters to transmit information that they received from their mothers, even here in the U.S.
This study applied a constructivist grounded theory approach, in which Symbolic Interactionism (SI) and the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model (IMB) were triangulated as a framework. ATLAS.ti® 7.0, a software that supports analysis of textual data, was used to analyze transcripts from the focus group and from the interviews.
Findings indicate that (a) Haitian mothers intentionally transmit specific and valued traditional knowledge about health and sexual health to their daughters, specifically in the areas of vaginal health, post-partum rituals, and abstinence as the acceptable mode of HIV prevention; (b) Haitian mothers in the study sample lack adequate and accurate knowledge about HIV/AIDS as well as the time to learn more that they can share with daughters; (c) Haitian mothers in the study sample do engage in direct communication about HIV prevention, taking advantage of teachable moments, using popular music and television programs; (d) there is a strong reliance on religious leaders and school systems to address health and sexual health instruction; (e) Haitian mothers in the sample reported and daughters confirmed that there is extremely limited conversation between the mothers and daughters surrounding sex, HIV risk reduction methods outside of abstinence. (f) Symbolic Interactionism is a useful framework for understanding the process of communication between Haitian mothers and daughters in this study; (g) IMB is useful to understand that the information being provided by Haitian mothers in this sample is at times insufficient and inaccurate, thereby limiting the ability of daughters to effectively and intentionally engage in conduct that protects their sexual health and reduces HIV risk.
This study has several implications for social work education, research, practice, and policy. First, social work students must be taught to conduct comprehensive assessments of Haitian women in the context of valued Haitian family dynamics, and to engage in life-long learning regarding protective as well as risk factors for Haitian mothers and daughters. Second, Haitian and non-Haitian health providers who serve Haitian clientele could be surveyed regarding knowledge of health beliefs and practices and its potential impact on the health of their constituents. their Haitian patients. Third, researchers may use this study’s findings as a foundation for developing interventions that enhance strategies aimed at establishing rapport with Haitian clients and for assessing potential interactions between hidden health practices and prescribed medications. Fourth, findings suggest the need to develop interventions that empower trusted religious leaders to gain accurate HIV knowledge and to deliver empowering information effectively to their congregants. Fifth, findings suggest a need to develop outreach programs aimed at heightening HIV awareness and increasing HIV testing for Haitian women who are similar to this study’s sample. Sixth, social workers engaging Haitian female clients can make intentional efforts to include Haitian mothers in treatment. Seventh, this study’s findings underscore a need for social workers to advocate on behalf of Haitian immigrants’ efforts to be properly counted in the census, and to be counted as a culturally distinct group in other surveillance data.
Social workers can benefit from understanding the strengths of relationships between Haitian mothers and daughters and to enhance their awareness of the heterogeneity among Haitians in general when working with Haitian clients. To work effectively with Haitian immigrant females overall requires cultural humility to mitigate the likelihood of bias towards them based on known or hidden traditional health beliefs and practices and gender roles.
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Lock, Gwendolyn Elizabeth. "Who shares? Managerial knowledge transfer practices in British Columbia's ministry of health services." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/736.
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The British Columbia government's Ministry of Health Services will experience significant loss of operational knowledge from an aging managerial workforce, increased staff turnover, and difficulties in recruitment. The purpose of this study is to provide the ministry's Strategic Human Resources Planning branch staff with a map and description of knowledge transfer practices used by approximately 40 managers within the ministry's Health Sector Information Management/Information Technology division and its Vital Statistics Agency. The study is a mixed-methods case study of knowledge retention and transfer practices founded on a knowledge management and social network theoretical foundation. To understand the ministry's complex nature of knowledge transfer, research questions examined the characteristics of an effective knowledge sharing network, associated knowledge sharing similarities and dissimilarities, and perceived knowledge sharing enablers and inhibiters. Social network and thematic analysis were used to collect, map, and analyze perceived informal knowledge transfer practices. Findings indicated that face-to-face communication, visual and verbal cues, and individuals who had a few powerful neighboring connections were influential knowledge resources. The social implications from these findings will act as a catalyst to shift prevalent cultural knowledge management practices thereby positively affecting workload and resource management. Employees will more clearly understand their knowledge management roles and how their actions affect service delivery to citizens. Acting as a knowledge transfer model, the ministry could positively influence the government's Public Service Agency, other ministries, health authorities, and private sector organizations to adopt effective knowledge transfer practices to improve managerial and managerial/staff communication and trust.
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Miller, Geoffrey Bruce. "Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Understand Veterans' Postservice Physical Activity Behavior." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4237.
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The health of the veteran population within the United States has become a matter of ever-increasing concern, and many individuals who have attained veteran status are experiencing health issues following their discharge from the military. Despite such concerns, there are often not enough resources available to assist these individuals to the degree necessary in an expedient manner. The purpose of this case study was to use social cognitive theory to understand the physical activity of veterans following their time in service. Through the use of social cognitive theory, this study explored the thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors of 11 veterans to determine how their physical fitness levels were affected following their time in the service. Data were collected by interview over the course of a 1-month period by visiting the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs hospital a minimum of 3 days per week and a content analysis of interview transcripts led to the presented results. Results indicated that expectations of physical activity were realistic post service, and self-efficacy and self-control levels were high. Veterans indicated the beneficence of physical activity as a means of promoting overall wellbeing; however, paticipants also indicated dissatisfaction with the available options to them through the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The results provided clear direction as to the steps that can be taken to work to increase the physical activity levels of veterans. Potential social change implications resulting from the study could lead to improvements in understanding of veteran health statuses.
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Schmelzer, Laura. "Uncovering the complexities associated with promoting health : mothers' perceptions of the challenges and supports to raising healthy children in today's society." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2011. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/7.
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November 2011.
"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Occupational Therapy Department, College of Allied Health and Nursing, Nova Southeastern University."
Childhood obesity has been identified as a serious public health concern for over a decade. To date, no one has examined the complex interactions which seem to be occurring within this epidemic using an exploratory approach. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore the complex interaction between the decisions mothers make when attempting to promote health in their children and the environmental factors which influence these decisions. A grounded theory approach guided this exploration. Eleven mothers of children aged 7-12 participated in this study. Data collection included two semi-structured interviews, personal diary entries, a parenting style questionnaire, and a demographic data sheet. Constant comparative analysis resulted in six main themes. These include: Managing Time, Managing Chaos; Managing Health from a Distance; Cultural Infatuation with Food (food is always available); Fluctuating Challenges and Supports; Strategies; and Resulting Actions/Interactions. Additionally, this research resulted in a proposition and substantive-level theory which helps illustrate and explain the complex interactions between the mothers and the surrounding context as well as the resultant influence on performance.
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Muller, Jasmin. "Psychological and physiological effects on Swedish worker’s health when using a health promotion intervention including mechanical massage and mental training - a pilot study." Licentiate thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. ADULT, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39102.
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Introduction: Work-related stress is one of the most challenging issues on workplaces. Reduced ability to relax and recover has been proposed as a key factor behind the increase of stress-related illness among workers. Massage and mental training are two commonly used techniques which may have positive effects on the ability to recover. One technique to help workers recover is a “recovery chair” which include both mechanical massage and mental training programs. However, it has not been scientifically evaluated yet whether using the techniques included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the psychological and physiological effects of the mechanical massage and mental training programs included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool for Swedish workers. Methods: In this study workers were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: i) Mechanical massage combined with mental training (n=19), ii) Mechanical massage (n=19), iii) Mental training (n=19), iv), Pause (15 min break in the armchair, n=19), v) and a Control group (n=17). Psychological effects were measured by the ”Swedish Scale of Personality” (SSP) and physiological effects were measured by heart rate, blood pressure and fingertip temperature, immediately before the randomization, after four weeks and after eight weeks (end-of-study). Results: Psychological effects: The results showed that receiving mechanical massage was associated with a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants in the mental training group showed a tendency to decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants who received both mechanical massage and mental training showed a significant decrease in “Stress Susceptibility” between four and eight weeks. The results also showed a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety” and a significant increase in “Detachment” for the paus group. Physiological effects: As compared to pre-intervention assessments, participants in the massage group condition showed significantly reductions in their resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in their fingertip temperature directly after the intervention (post-intervention). The mechanical massage and mental training group showed a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure during the last four weeks of the study. The participants in the mental training group showed a significant decrease in their heart rate, when compared the start of the study to week four. The pause group tended to have lower systolic blood pressure at post-intervention assessment when compared to the pre-intervention assessment. The participants in the control group showed significantly decrease in heart rate and their systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The workers’ who used the “recovery chair” with mechanical massage or mental training programs, either separately or in combination, for eight weeks during working hours reported a positive impact on their levels of anxiety and stress sensitivity. The results also showed positive effects on the workers' blood pressure, pulse and fingertip temperature. The effect was particularly strong for workers' who received only mechanical massage. This indicate that stress management interventions as work place health promotion activities clearly have a potential to provide significant benefit for health and wellbeing for workers.
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Jean, Suzie. "Health Literacy and Hypertension Management in Haitian Immigrants." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6222.
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Patient compliance and health care communication are impacted by health literacy. Poor health choices, frequent hospital visits, noncompliance with health regimens, and higher health costs are all associated with low health literacy. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether there was an association between health literacy as measured by primary language spoken in the home (Creole vs. English) and hypertension self-management as measured by regular use of medication and cutting down on foods high in salt, and whether there was an association between Haitian men, women, their education level, or level of poverty in relation to health literacy as measured by the primary language spoken at home (English or Creole) and hypertension self-management as measured by regular use of medication and cutting down on foods high in salt. The conceptual framework used for the study was the second language acquisition theory. Strategic sampling was used to identify 318 Haitian participants; however, only 36 respondents qualified as Haitian immigrants with a relatively high propensity of hypertension. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed no statistically significant relationship between language spoken at home and hypertensive medical compliance within the New York Haitian immigrant community. The other variables age and household income proved to be statistically significant, however gender and education did not appear to have as much of an influence on hypertensive medical compliance observed in the participants. The social change implications include the need for health care staff to be aware of the roles that age, gender, income, language, culture, and education may play in regard to health literacy and hypertension medical compliance.
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Gunnarsdóttir, Hrafnhildur. "Ambivalent men naturlig del av våra liv : Kvalitativ studie om ungdomars inställning till Internets roll i främjandet av hälsa och välbefinnande." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3153.
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Bakgrund: Dagens ungdomar utgör den första generation som växer upp med den nya digitala tekniken och den kan ses som integrerad del av deras liv. Studier har visat att ungdomar uppskattar tillgång till hälsoinformation via Internet som annars kan kännas pinsamt att fråga efter personligen. De uppskattar även möjligheter att möta och utveckla relationer med andra människor via Internet. Ungdomar ställs inför olika utmaningar i övergången från barndom till vuxen ålder och psykiska och psykosociala problem ökar bland åldersgruppen i Sverige liksom i andra europeiska länder. För att utveckla Internet som en möjlig källa till hälsoinformation och socialtstöd är det viktigt att få information om ungdomars egna synpunkter och önskemål. Syftet med studien är att fördjupa kunskapen om ungdomars inställning till Internets roll i främjandet av hälsa och välbefinnande. Metod: Fokusgruppdiskussioner genomfördes i sex grupper om totalt 26 ungdomar, 16-20 år och datamaterialet analyserades enligt modifierad grounded theory. Resultaten av studien visar att ungdomar är ambivalenta i sin inställning till Internets roll i främjandet av hälsa och välbefinnande. De beskriver en positiv syn och erfarenhet av internet, men är samtidigt väl medvetna om de negativa aspekterna och gör ansträngningar för att hitta strategier för att minimera dem. Resultaten belyser att trots denna ambivalens, betraktar ungdomar Internet som en naturlig del av sina liv, en viktig källa till hälsoinformation och socialt stöd, vilket leder till kärnkategori Ambivalent, men en naturlig del av våra liv. Konklusion: Insatser bör fokusera på att minimera de negativa aspekterna av Internet för att öka ungdomars tillgång till socialt stöd och hälsoinformation av hög kvalité.Background: Adolescents and young people of the 21st century represent the first generation togrow up with the new digital technology and view it as an integrated part of their lives. Previousstudies show that young people value the potential of the Internet for acquiring information thatotherwise might be difficult to obtain. They also recognize the potential of the Internet for meetingand developing relationships with other people. Young people face diverse challenges during theirtransition from childhood to adulthood and need to have easy access to health information and socialsupport. Developing the potential of the Internet as a source of health information and social supportrequires increased information about young people's own views and preferences. The aim of thestudy was to deepen the knowledge about young people’s views on the role of the Internet inpromoting health and wellbeing. Method: Focusgroupdiscussions were conducted and included 26youths between 16 and 20 years of age, divided into six groups. Collected data was analyzed usingmodified grounded theory. The results show ambivalence among young people regarding the role ofthe Internet in promoting health and well-being. Although young people report a positive view of theInternet and their experience with it, they were very aware of its negative aspects and tried to findstrategies to minimize those aspects. Despite this ambivalence, the young people in this studyconsidered the Internet as an essential part of their lives and a natural source of health informationand social interaction. Conclusions: Efforts should be made to minimize the negative aspects of theInternet in order offer young people access to health information and social support in ways that suitsthem.
ISBN 978-91-85721-80-1
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Correll, Patricia Kay. "Completion of Preventive Health Care Actions by Older Women with HIV/AIDS." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1494.
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The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in longer lifespans for HIV seropositive women in the United States, during which preventive health care is recommended. Failing to complete recommended cancer screening tests can result in cancer being diagnosed at a later stage with a poorer prognosis. The purpose of the study, based on the ecosocial theory, was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical variables of HIV seropositive women who failed to complete recommended screening tests for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, and determine if the presence of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, depression, or tobacco use impacted the completion of these screening tests. The electronic medical records of 142 HIV seropositive women were reviewed. Univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression were conducted to create a model associated with the completion of preventive health care screening tests. For breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer, 69%, 71.8%, and 69.7% failed to complete screening, respectively. Number of years living with HIV infection and HIV stage were associated with breast cancer screening; distance between residence and health care facility, and HIV stage were associated with cervical cancer screening; and age and marital status were associated with colorectal cancer screening. Addressing issues related to the completion of cancer screening tests over the lifespans of HIV seropositive women can result in positive social change by preventing disease and disability, which can negatively impact these women, their families, and their communities.
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Kaczmarski, Jenna M. "Exploring the effects of BMI health report card letters among 6th grade students and parents : an application of the social cognitive theory." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003198.
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Akinsuli, Olusegun. "Nigerian Cancer Survivors' Perceptions of Care Received From Health Care Professionals." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2631.
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Cancer patients worldwide receive care from multidisciplinary teams, and patients
sometimes have little or no knowledge about the different treatment options available, making communication with their care providers an important influence in how they perceive their care. Patient satisfaction with care is an important factor in determining survivorship. The increasing prevalence of cancer worldwide has become a huge public health issue. The World Health Organization has warned that the potential gains from combatting infectious diseases in Nigeria might be lost because of the increasing prevalence of cancer. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to obtain the perceptions of 30 cancer survivors in Nigeria about their care in federally funded hospitals to improve cancer care in the country. Through a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) approach, data from 30 in-depth interviews with the cancer survivors were analyzed. Data analysis included open coding, selective coding, theoretical coding, and memo writing. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: positive perception of care (P), service improvement (S), and good care experience (G), all of which were cyclically related to form the PSG substantive theory, which indicates that better health care to cancer patients will improve preventative and curative cancer care services in Nigeria. This theory was validated by relating it to 3 theories in the literature as recommended in CGT research. The implication for positive social change is that the results might provide information that can help health care professionals to improve how they communicate with, relate to, and care for cancer patients and their families in Nigeria and other countries.
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McPhail-Bell, Karen. ""We don't tell people what to do": An ethnography of health promotion with Indigenous Australians in South East Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/91587/1/Karen%20McPhail-Bell%20Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis contributes to the decolonisation of health promotion by examining Indigenous-led health promotion practice in an urban setting. Using critical ethnography, the study revealed dialogical, identity-based approaches that centred relationship, community control and choice. Based on the findings, the thesis proposes four interrelated principles for decolonising health promotion and argues that Indigenous-led health promotion presents a way to bridge the rhetoric and practice of empowerment in Australian mainstream health promotion practice.
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Blot, Gay Tulie. "Instrumental Role Modeling and the Sensitive Topic of Obesity: A Grounded Theory." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7600.
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The nurse practitioner (NP) role is more prominent now than ever before in primary healthcare, positioning them as providers who defend initiatives and ongoing health agendas. Obesity is among those agendas. The concept of instrumental role modeling was explained as a combination of understanding and physical presence that gives meaning and quality to inspire change. It implied that health professionals are not merely insightful clinicians but suggested their expertise is complimented by demonstrations of wellness in knowledge and practice. This topic of weight was perceived as sensitive but must be addressed. In this grounded theory study, the perspectives of NPs from clinical and academic settings were gathered. There was an overarching need for NPs to identify how they perceived themselves consequential to how others perceived them. Using a qualitative method gaps on the construct of instrumental role modeling as an emerging theory was addressed and revealed the ambiguities NPs encountered when challenged to identify their personal perceptions of obesity when counseling weight management. Using a grounded theory design, 11 NPs were interviewed and asked about how they reconciled perceptions of instrumental role modeling around discussions of obesity. Participant remarks produced theoretical constructs that instrumental role models: 1) are mindfully responsible when interacting with others, 2) need to balance accountability, approach and awareness to develop trust, and 3) need to be aware of the creative tensions that exist between accountability and approach when discussing illnesses and their co-morbid conditions. These findings provide evaluative dialogue for positive social change in clinical settings and valuable insight regarding the topic of obesity in academia.
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Phelps, Shannon. "Understanding and Promoting Parent-Child Sexual Health Communication." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsc_etds/31.
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Parent-child sexual health communication (PCSHC) can have a positive impact on adolescents’ sexual health choices, outcomes, and capabilities for communicating with others about sexual health. Many parents are hesitant and feel unprepared for and uncomfortable with communicating about sexual health with their children. Other parental factors as well as child factors can impact the quality, frequency, coverage, and effectiveness of PCSHC. Some adolescent sexual health outcomes have improved, however, teen birth rates in the United States are elevated compared to other developed countries and half of all sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses are made to adolescents and emerging adults. This emphasizes the importance of PCSHC as a protective factor for children and opportunity for them to develop understanding and skills for good sexual health decision-making. While challenging to recruit and retain participants, parent sex education programming designed to promote PCSHC can instill a sense of parental necessity and responsibility, and equip parents with knowledge and skills to confidently and successfully engage their children.
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) provided the framework for this mixed methods study designed to learn more about PCSHC, differences in PCSHC based on gender of children, parental beliefs about PCSHC, intentions for and actual engagement in PCSHC. Included in the literature review for this study is a systematic review of literature focused on parent education programming designed to improve PCSHC. Parents of children in grades 4 – 11 completed a pencil/paper or an electronic Qualtrics baseline survey containing questions about their perceptions of and engagement in PCSHC. The quantitative data collection instrument included items measuring TPB constructs of behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, intentions for and actual engagement in PCSHC and condom use instruction delivery, communication openness, communication ability, sexual health topics discussed with children, and respondents’ demographics Many of the respondents (N = 205) were residents of the program target community, Winchester/Clark County, Kentucky, and were eligible to participate in parent programming, as were all residents that were parents of children in grades 4 – 11. The program, I’ll Have a Side of Sex Education, was designed as a six-week series of 50 minute lunch time sessions with the intention to improve parents’ sense of comfort, confidence, and skills in communicating with their children in general, and particularly about sexual health. Of the 205 parents who completed the baseline survey, 50 enrolled in and attended some or all of one of five offerings of the six-week parent education series and were invited to complete a post-program and six-week follow up surveys. Post-program data were collected with a paper- pencil survey and six-week follow up data were collected with a Qualtrics survey.
The systematic review of parent sex education literature provided insight into components of programming related to successful program delivery and positive parental outcomes. The systematic analysis of the baseline data including examining PCSHC factors from the parental perspective and how these related to the gender of children and determining the usefulness of the TPB constructs for understanding PCSHC Results of Chi-square tests of mean differences showed a significant difference in parents actually providing their children with instructions for correct condom usage, χ2(2, N = 203) = 6.96, p = 0.03, and MANOVA results revealed the degree to which parents address certain sexual health topics with their children related to the gender of their children. Results of logistic regression showed behavioral beliefs having the greatest predictive power of parents’ intentions to give condom use instructions (p < 0.01) and actual delivery of condom use instructions (p = 0.04) and engagement in PCSHC, generally (p = 0.03).
The current study contributes to the greater body of literature addressing parental and child factors related the promotion, delivery, and effectiveness of PCSHC and parent education programming designed to improve the quality, frequency, and impact of PCSHC. Its findings expand our understanding of how gender of children and parental beliefs relate to PCSHC and lend themselves to the consideration of the greater social influences impacting parents’ ability and motivation to engage their children in communication about sexual health. Differences in communication based on gender of children signal to a double standard in the messaging about sexual health and behaviors related to gender and these discrepancies leave adolescents and emerging adults, both males and females, vulnerable at worst to poor sexual health choices and outcomes and at least to being undereducated about sexual health topics. Although these findings give little support for the overall TPB model contributing to the understanding of parental intentions and behavior related PCSHC, the relationship between behavioral beliefs informed by attitudes about the value of PCSHC and parental intentions and behaviors does provide insight to health promoters and educators. Assessing parental attitudes toward PCSHC and tailoring messages and educational opportunities that may improve these attitudes and motivate parents to engage in and seek support for effective PCSHC holds promise. The piloting of a parent education program adapted from a previously evaluated parent sex education programming and the summative evaluation offered by participants gives support for efforts on the part of health promotion and education professionals to invest time, energy, and resources into program design and delivery and recruitment and retention of parents.
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Austin, Jason Paul. "Getting Them In: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study with Implications towards Marketing Marriage and Family Therapy." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79484.
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The purpose of this sequential exploratory mixed methods study was to develop and test a theory of planned behavior questionnaire that includes both direct and belief-based measures for seeking professional help from a MFT for participants and their spouses during times of relationship distress. To complete this goal, three focus groups (N = 24) were conducted to elicit the salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs associated with seeking professional help from a MFT for participants and their spouses during times of relationship distress. The data was member checked and then analyzed using thematic analysis.
Next, two quantitative measures were constructed, one using the salient beliefs elicited during the focus groups and the second using general questions that assessed participants' overall attitude, perceived norm, and perceived behavioral control. Both measures were placed online pilot tested (N = 102) using Qualtrics panels. The results suggest that the measures were accurate predictors of behavioral intention. The main stage then used both measures to assess the predictive ability of the elicited beliefs.
The results also suggest that the beliefs accurately predicted participants' behavioral intentions for seeking professional help from a MFT for them and their spouses during times of relationship distress. The results also indicate that an intervention could be used to encourage troubled individuals, couples, and families to seek professional help from a MFT when experiencing relational issues.Ph. D.
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Aregbesola, Temi. "Nigerian Women's Empowerment Status and its Influence on Access to Reproductive Health Services." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2308.
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Nigeria is a patriarchal society, which puts women in subordinate positions that may prompt gender-based discrimination. While evidence of this phenomenon has been investigated in Nigeria and other African countries, no such investigation has been conducted with immigrant and first-generation Nigerian women in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of a Nigerian woman's perceived empowerment and status on her willingness to access reproductive health services. The research questions examined views of Nigerian traditional beliefs' influence on status and how attitudes around traditional beliefs relate to access to reproductive health services and/or knowledge. Data were gathered through semi structured interviews with 9 Nigerian women in the Washington DC-Maryland-Virginia area. The women were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using the ecological systems theory as a framework, which theorizes that a woman's status is related to her ability to access services or information; empowerment increases that access of services/information, and that traditional Nigerian beliefs have mostly positive effects on their status. However, the findings revealed that, among these 9 women, traditional beliefs did not have an overwhelming direct effect to access to services or information. Empowering women is vital for social growth, no matter what the place of origin. This study contributes to positive social change by providing a resource that demonstrates the importance of these women's contributions to society, thus helping to move society forward.
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Saxena, Anshul. "Theory of Gender and Power: Intimate Partner Violence, HIV Status and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Haitian Women." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3200.
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Among women in Haiti, there are a number of factors, including intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood sexual abuse, and alcohol abuse that lead to increased vulnerability to STI/HIV and its sequelae. This study examined the factors associated with IPV and the associations between IPV and HIV in a sample of adult Haitian women.
The current study is a secondary analysis of data collected from HIV+ and HIV- women attending the GHESKIO centers in Haiti. The measures include: Self-reported Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20); Attitudes Towards Gender Roles; Partner Violence; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); Partner Support; Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS); Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); and, Vaginal Episode Equivalent (VEE). Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics. Pearson correlations, t-Test, Generalized linear model, Logistic regressions, and Generalized linear mixed models were used for estimating the strength of associations.
The mean (SD) age of the participants was 25.5 (5.4) years. Approximately 68.4% had some secondary school education and only 0.9% had a college or professional degree. The majority of participants (82.2%) had a partner, but did not live with them. Generalized linear mixed modelling showed that lack of family support (β = 0.28, p < 0.05), history of childhood sexual abuse (β = 0.66, p < 0.05), and traditional gender-based attitudes (β = 0.10, p < 0.001) predicted major IPV. Results from logistic regression analysis showed that age at sexual debut (AOR: 0.745; 95% CI: 0.585, 0.948) and physical violence (AOR: 3.482; 95% CI: 2.316, 5.235) were significantly associated with HIV seropositive status. Generalized linear mixed modelling analysis showed that decreased relationship control subscale scores (β = -0.26, p < 0.05) and alcohol use problems (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with high levels of risky sexual behaviors over time.
In summary, a history of IPV was significantly associated with traditional gender based attitudes, history of childhood sexual abuse, and lack of family support. History of IPV and age of first sexual experience were significantly associated with HIV seropositive status. Finally, relationship control and alcohol use problems were significantly associated with sexual risk behavior. These findings indicate potential areas of further study and intervention among Haitian women.
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Ander, Bodil. "Hälsofrämjande arbete som mål och medel : En kvalitativ studie ur ett chefsperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Personal och arbetsliv, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34258.
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Det finns olika sätt och anledning till att arbeta med att skapa en hälsofrämjande arbetsplats i organisationer. Det finns dock många fördelar av att arbeta med hälsofrämjande både för att gynna individen, arbetsgruppen och organisationen till att utvecklas. Eftersom det har funnits en hög andel sjukfrånvaro börjar det nu bli aktuellt att se om den kurvan kan vända med hjälp av att arbeta hälsofrämjande. Cheferna har en viktig roll som ledare för att kunna påverka sina medarbetare i detta arbete. Studiens syfte är därför att undersöka chefers upplevelse om hur de arbetar för att skapa en hälsofrämjande arbetsplats. Den teoretiska referensramen utgår från tidigare forskning om hälsofrämjande samt har utgångspunkt från handlingsteorin, chefskap och ledarskap. Empirin som utgör studien har samlats in genom intervjuer med sju chefer, intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och genomfördes via videosamtal på grund av Covid-19 pandemin. Resultatet analyserades sedan med den teoretiska referensramen med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Studiens slutsats är att hälsofrämjande arbete kan ske både som mål och som medel i organisationen, samt att det hälsofrämjande arbetet och verksamhetens mål är i konstant relation med varandra. Det som styr hur chefer arbetar med en hälsofrämjande arbetsplats är vilka utmaningar som de upplever finns på arbetsplatsen.There are different ways and reasons for working to create a health-promoting workplace in organizations. However, there are many positive benefits of working with health promotion both to benefit the individual’s and the organization’s development. Since there has been a high proportion of sick leave, it is now becoming relevant to see if that curve can be reversed by working with health promotion. The managers have an important role as a leader in influencing their employees in this work. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate managers experience of how they work to create a health-promoting workplace. The theoretical frame of reference is based on previous research on health promotion and is based on action theory, managership and leadership. The empirical study is collected through interviews with seven managers, the interviews were semi-structured and conducted through video calls due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The result was then analyzed with the theoretical frame of reference using a thematic analysis. The study's conclusion is that the work with health promotion can be used both as a goal and as a means in the organization, and that the health promotion work and the goals of the business are worked in constant relationship with each other. It is what kind of challenges the managers experiences in the workplace, that controls how they work with health promotion.