Journal articles on the topic 'Health Political aspects Australia'
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1
Ohr, Se Ok, Vicki Parker, Sarah Jeong, and Terry Joyce. "Migration of nurses in Australia: where and why?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 1 (2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09051.
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The Australian health care workforce has benefited from an increasing migration of nurses over the past decades. The nursing profession is the largest single health profession, making up over half of the Australian health care workforce. Migration of nurses into the Australian nursing workforce impacts significantly on the size of the workforce and the capacity to provide health care to the Australian multicultural community. Migration of nurses plays an important role in providing a solution to the ongoing challenges of workforce attraction and retention, hence an understanding of the factors contributing to nurse migration is important. This paper will critically analyse factors reported to impact on migration of nurses to Australia, in particular in relation to: (1) globalisation; (2) Australian society and nursing workforce; and (3) personal reasons. The current and potential implications of nurse migration are not limited to the Australian health care workforce, but also extend to political, socioeconomic and other aspects in Australia.
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Wheatland, Fiona Tito. "Medical Indemnity Reform in Australia: “First Do No Harm”." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 3 (2005): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00510.x.
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Medical indemnity is not usually the stuff of high political and social drama in Australia. When the biggest medical defense organization went into voluntary liquidation in 2002, this all changed. Newspapers carried stories on an almost daily basis about the actual or possible negative impact of the “crisis” on doctors, hospitals, and communities. Doctors became increasingly vocal in their criticisms and expansive in their claims. Their political organization, the Australian Medical Association, lobbied powerfully and successfully for government intervention to address the problem of dramatically escalating premiums for some doctors. This, combined with a broader public relations campaign about public liability insurance, resulted in significant changes in the law at both the federal and state level - not just in the area of medical negligence but in relation to most personal injury litigation.The genesis of and reasons for current medical indemnity problems in Australia have been the subject of much speculation and little rigorous analysis.
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F. Recher, Harry. "Australian Elections, Wilderness and the Lost Billions." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 3 (1998): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980177.
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As I write this editorial, Australia is in the final week of national elections. Apart from the appearance of a strongly nationalistic, and minority, party which the media has promoted as racist, it is unlikely that Australia's election has received much notice outside Australia. Yet there are aspects to this election which should disturb anyone interested in achieving global ecological sustainability and the conservation of global biodiversity. First, there has been a conspicuous silence from the major political parties concerning environmental issues. To be sure, the sitting conservative government has rolled out the pork barrel and grandly announced funding for local conservation initiatives ? especially in marginal seats ? but there has been no debate on issues nor have environmental policies been afforded even a small fraction of the attention given to the economy, unemployment, health or education. Moreover, the projects funded do nothing to resolve the underlying causes of Australia's declining environmental quality (e.g., land clearing, unsustainable logging practices, over grazing, and excessive demands on fresh water). This is despite the fact that respondents to polls continue to list the environment among the most important issues concerning Australians.
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Roydhouse, Jessica K. "Becoming Australian? Two different approaches to health care reform in the United States." Australian Health Review 33, no. 2 (2009): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090303.
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THE ?SUBSTANTIAL PRIVATE SECTOR?1 ROLE in Australian health care has sometimes given rise to fears of ?Americanisation? of the Australian health care system, particularly in the media. For example, in 2000 Kenneth Davidson wrote, ?The USstyle health financing route being taken by the Howard Government is mad and bad.?2 The US system is the ?leading example? of ?inferior system performance?3 and is often viewed as a system to be feared and avoided. Despite spending far more per capita than any other country on health care, the United States nonetheless fails to provide equitable health care for everyone. The system is ?a paradox of excess and deprivation?,4 spending far more than other systems without providing adequate care and treatment for all. Although the US system is seen as frightening in Australia, broad historical and political similarities such as the ?strong?5 role and ?long history?5 of private insurance and powerful, vocal physicians? groups1,5 make the Australian experience a useful comparative one for US policymakers. As Altman and Jackson note, the US system will probably not develop into a fully public system, but a system combining private and public aspects along the lines of the Australian model is possible.5 Furthermore, while politicians in the US at the state and local levels have attempted to address the issue of universal or near-universal coverage for some time, previous efforts sought to expand coverage using existing programs instead of establishing a new system.6 More recently, the state of Massachusetts and the county (municipality) of San Francisco have introduced near-universal health care programs. Although introduced nearly simultaneously, their development processes and structures differ. In addition, the Massachusetts plan in particular was viewed as a potential model for future sub-national and possibly national health reforms. Thus, this short paper examines the two plans as two different approaches to health care reform in the US and compares them to the Australian system, asking the question whether or not current reform efforts in the US make the system more like that in Australia, or are likely to do so in the future.
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Pollard, Mike. "Killers in the bush." Australian Health Review 25, no. 2 (2002): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020016.
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Three senior Chief Executives of acute hospital trusts in the UK recently visited the Northern Territory (NT)and South Australia (SA) to study remote and rural health care in general - and Aboriginal health in particular. As with all other aspects of Aboriginal life, the subject of health status is highly charged and generates heightened emotions and intense political debate across the country but particularly in the NT and SA where many of the remote indigenous people live. Every "mainstream" Australian has an opinion on the trials and tribulations of the indigenous people.The field study was part of the NHS Leadership Centre's Senior Chief Executives' Development Programme. Itcomprised a longitudinal journey across the continent from Darwin (NT) through to Alice Springs to Tanundain the Barossa Valley and then on to Adelaide following the route of the 2,500 kilometre Stuart Highway. Itinvolved visiting rural health services, and meetings with Aboriginal leaders, academics, health practitioners and senior officials of the SA government.A specific research topic was to understand how practitioners working in extreme environments, and delivering long-term programmes of care, can maintain their morale and motivation.
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Sendall, Marguerite C., Phil Crane, Laura McCosker, Marylou Fleming, Herbert C. Biggs, and Bevan Rowland. "Truckies and health promotion: using the ANGELO framework to understand the workplace’s role." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 10, no. 6 (December 4, 2017): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-09-2017-0070.
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Purpose Workplaces are challenging environments which place workers at the risk of obesity. This is particularly true for Australian road transport industry workplaces. The Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework is a public health tool which can be used to conceptualise obesogenic environments. It suggests that workplaces have a variety of roles (in the physical, economic, political and sociocultural domains) in responding to obesity in transport industry workplaces. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings which explore this idea. Design/methodology/approach The project used a mixed-methods approach located within a participatory action research framework, to engage workplace managers and truck drivers in the implementation and evaluation of workplace health promotion strategies. The project involved six transport industry workplaces in Queensland, Australia. Findings This study found that transport industry workplaces perceive themselves to have an important role in addressing the physical, economic, political and sociocultural aspects of obesity, as per the ANGELO framework. However, transport industry employees – specifically, truck drivers – do not perceive workplaces to have a major role in health; rather, they consider health to be an area of personal responsibility. Practical implications Balancing the competing perceptions of truck drivers and workplace managers about the workplace’s role in health promotion is an important consideration for future health promotion activities in this hard-to-reach, at-risk population. Originality/value The use of the ANGELO framework allows the conceptualisation of obesity in a novel workplace context.
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Eisen, Peter. "Potential for Psychiatric Leadership in Health Care." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (June 1986): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678609161323.
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Some individual Australian psychiatrists have held influential positions in the administration of health care, academic institutions and medical research. It is timely to assess whether individual or group action best meets psychiatry's professional and service needs. Through an exploration of aspects of professionalism, power, leadership, change in the nature and control of health care, and psychiatry's political roles, a case is made for corporate action aimed at psychiatry establishing leadership roles in Australian health care.
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Zubrick, Stephen R., Sven R. Silburn, Paul Burton, and Eve Blair. "Mental Health Disorders in Children and Young People: Scope, Cause and Prevention." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 4 (August 2000): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00703.x.
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Objective: To review the scope and characteristics of mental health disorders in children and young people in Australia; detail some emerging concepts of the causal pathways of mental health disorders in children and young people; and discuss aspects of the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health in children and young people. Method: An integrated review of selected literature. Results: (i) While as many as one in five Australian children aged from four to 17 have significant mental health problems there remains a need for prevalence estimates in subsections of the population, notably children and young people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent; (ii) appropriate studies of gene-environment interaction will require better measurement and developmental exposition of those risk exposures that are known to be on the causal pathway to mental health disorder; and (iii) universal, selective and indicated prevention trials and evaluations directed at anxiety, depression and conduct disorder are needed. Conclusion: Preventive intervention and promotion in mental health must entail effective collaboration at national, state and local levels between health, welfare and education sectors. These sectors must be informed by high quality epidemiology and a knowledge of the causal pathways of mental health disorders. Such intervention must also improve the movement of scientific knowledge to political policy on one hand and to praxis on the other. This will require a clear and persistent vision of the urgency, costs and consequences of mental health disorders in children and young people coupled with effective leadership and political resolve.
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Degeling, C., G. L. Gilbert, P. Tambyah, J. Johnson, and T. Lysaght. "One Health and Zoonotic Uncertainty in Singapore and Australia: Examining Different Regimes of Precaution in Outbreak Decision-Making." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz017.
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Abstract A One Health approach holds great promise for attenuating the risk and burdens of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in both human and animal populations. Because the course and costs of EID outbreaks are difficult to predict, One Health policies must deal with scientific uncertainty, whilst addressing the political, economic and ethical dimensions of communication and intervention strategies. Drawing on the outcomes of parallel Delphi surveys conducted with policymakers in Singapore and Australia, we explore the normative dimensions of two different precautionary approaches to EID decision-making—which we call regimes of risk management and organizing uncertainty, respectively. The imperative to act cautiously can be seen as either an epistemic rule or as a decision rule, which has implications for how EID uncertainty is managed. The normative features of each regime, and their implications for One Health approaches to infectious disease risks and outbreaks, are described. As One Health attempts to move upstream to prevent rather than react to emergence of EIDs in humans, we show how the approaches to uncertainty, taken by experts and decision-makers, and their choices about the content and quality of evidence, have implications for who pays the price of precaution, and, thereby, social and global justice.
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England, Erica. "Women's Studies Archives: Female Forerunners Worldwide." Charleston Advisor 24, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.24.2.60.
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Women's Studies Archive: Female Forerunners Worldwide (hereafter FFW) contains primary sources that offer an examination of the social, political, and professional aspects of women's lives and their impact on society through social reform movements and organizations, popular culture, and health care. The archive contains 21 collections comprising more than 680,000 pages; has a date range from 1741 to 2016; and includes international content from Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as content from the United States. It is easily navigable and has the familiar layout of Gale Primary Sources databases.
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Ginata, Ardian Rizki Serda, Pryanka Pandu, Nurul Handayani, and Putu Aditya Ferdian Ariawantara. "Comparison of Covid-19 Control Policies Between Indonesia and Australia Based on the Perspective of Policy Capacity Theory." Jurnal Borneo Administrator 18, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24258/jba.v18i3.1080.
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The Covid-19 pandemic scrutinized the readiness and challenges of a country's control policies in the Asia Pacific region. This article aims to compare the policy capacity for Covid-19 control between the governments of Indonesia and Australia from the perspective of policy capacity theory. This article uses a qualitative case study method with data collection techniques for literature studies, online investigations, and data analysis. The two countries have something in common in implementing public health policies related to Covid-19, but the authors found different results. Based on the analysis using the theory of policy capacity, from the aspect of analytical capacity, it was found that the Indonesian Government was slow to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic. In contrast, the Australian Government carried out mandatory continuity of the Covid-19 policy. Then in terms of operational capacity, Indonesia still has minimum capacity and resources compared to those Australia. In terms of political capacity, the Government of Indonesia has lost public trust due to policy inconsistencies in controlling Covid-19. Meanwhile, the Australian Government can build public trust with transparent information disclosure. As a country with a large area and a high population in the face of Covid-19, it is necessary to strengthen policy capacity starting with practical policy design, leadership skills, good coordination between cross levels of government, and political legitimacy and public trust
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McKelvey, Robert S., John A. Webb, Loretta V. Baldassar, Suzanne M. Robinson, and Geoff Riley. "Sex Knowledge and Sexual Attitudes Among Medical and Nursing Students." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 2 (April 1999): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00549.x.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between background and sociodemographic variables, attitudes toward controversial aspects of human sexuality and sex knowledge among medical and nursing students. Method: The study design was a questionnaire-based survey of medical and nursing students in Western Australia. Participants were first-through fifth-year medical students at the University of Western Australia and first-through third-year undergraduate nursing students at Edith Cowan University. Outcome measures were students' attitudes toward controversial aspects of human sexuality expressed on a five-point Likert scale and a modified version of the Kinsey Institute/Roper Organization National Sex Knowledge Test. Results: A significant relationship was found between certain background and sociodemographic variables, sexual attitudes and sex knowledge. The background variable most strongly related to both attitudes and knowledge was frequency of attendance at religious services of any religious denomination during the past month, with those attending three or more times more likely to express negative attitudes and have lower sex knowledge scores. Lower sex knowledge was related to negative attitudes toward gay/lesbian/bisexual behaviour, masturbation, premarital sex and contraception. Other important background and sociodemographic variables related to negative attitudes were: never having experienced sexual intercourse; right-wing political orientation; lower family income; gender and ethnicity. Conclusions: Negative attitudes toward controversial aspects of human sexuality and lower sex knowledge scores among medical and nursing students can be predicted on the basis of background and sociodemographic variables. Education aimed at increasing sex knowledge and modifying negative attitudes may increase students' ability to function more effectively as sexual history takers and sex counsellors.
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Lopert, Ruth, and Sara Rosenbaum. "What is Fair? Choice, Fairness, and Transparency in Access to Prescription Medicines in the United States and Australia." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 4 (2007): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00187.x.
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The role of government in assuring population access to affordable and appropriate health care represents a central question for any nation. Of particular concern is access to prescription drug coverage, not only because of the vital role played by drugs in modern medicine, but also because of their high costs. This article examines the sharply contrasting prescription drug coverage and payment policies found in Australia and the U.S. – strong political allies and international trading partners – and describes how key U.S. interests have sought, through an aggressive trade agenda, to expand markets for U.S. goods and services, even when market expansions clash with other nations’ contrasting emphasis on social equity and fairness. Indeed, the nation’s bilateral free trade negotiations have brought the contours of this policy schism into sharp relief.
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Poulsen, Angelika. "Corporal punishment of children in the home in Australia: a review of the research reveals the need for data and knowledge." Children Australia 44, no. 03 (June 17, 2019): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2019.17.
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AbstractA growing body of literature indicates that corporal punishment (CP) has the potential to adversely affect the mental and physical wellbeing of children in childhood as well as into adulthood. Corporal punishment of children in the home is legal in all states and territories in Australia, but not much is known about this type of family violence in the Australian context. This article presents a review of the literature currently available on the prevalence of CP of children in the home in Australia, covering online surveys, academic research, government data and grey literature. The role of online surveys is examined, and the lack of data available from government studies concerned with the wellbeing of children is also explored. There is found to be an overall lack of consistent data available on CP of children in the home in Australia, and this article calls on researchers and policymakers to further research and act on this aspect of family violence.
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Novaes, Priscila, Karina Camasmie Abe, Letícia Ayumi Wada, and Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia. "Avaliação de Impacto à Saúde: o que aprender da Experiência da Austrália e Nova Zelândia e perspectivas para o Brasil." REVISTA PLURI 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rpv122019p53-64.
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Descrever e analisar os principais pontos dos estudos sobre Avaliação de Impacto na Saúde (AIS) realizados na Austrália e obter contribuições para a implantação da AIS no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica extensa sobre os artigos publicados e indexados entre 1990 e 2014, nas bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Science Direct e Portal Periódicos da CAPES. Os textos completos dos artigos sobre AIS na Austrália foram classificados como analíticos ou estudos de caso (EC), e analisados. Do total de 37 artigos, 26 foram analíticos e 11 EC. Os principais aspectos teóricos da AIS como ferramenta e da sua aplicação na Austrália foram abordados, mostrando como e por que a atividade de AIS tem crescido em diversidade e profundidade. A maioria dos EC descrevem a aplicação prática da AIS na área de planejamento urbano e abordam seus benefícios e sua influência no processo de tomada de decisão. 91% das AIS foram prospectivas e 45% completas. No Brasil a prática da AIS é incipiente, mas existe movimentação política no sentido de integrá-la ao estudo de impacto ambiental, e de inserir questões de saúde no licenciamento ambiental de projetos. A experiência australiana mostra que a implantação da AIS é viável, e que sua incorporação influencia no processo de tomada de decisão.Palavras-Chave: Saúde ambiental. Impacto Ambiental. Avaliação em Saúde.AbstractTo describe and analyze the focal points of the studies about Health Impact Assessment conducted in Australia and obtain elements to aid in the implementation of HIA in Brazil. We conducted an extense literature review of articles about HIA in Australia, published and indexed in the period between 1990 and 2014, in Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Science Direct e Portal Periódicos da CAPES. The complete texts were read and classified in analytical or case studies (CS), and then analyzed. Out of a total of 37 articles, 26 were analytical and 11 CS. The main theoretical aspects of HIA as a tool and its application in Australia were described, highlighting why and how HIA has been successful and has grown in diversity and depth in this setting. Most CS described the use of HIA in urban planning, its benefits and its influence in the decision-making process. 91% of the HIAs were prospective and 45% complete. The practice of HIA is incipient in Brazil, however there is political urge to integrate HIA to ElA, and to include health issues in the environmental licensing process. The australian experience is a successful example of the practical use of HIA and shows how it influences the decision-making process.Keywords: Health Impact Assessment. Environmental Health. Environmental Impact.
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Brown, Thea, Danielle Tyson, and Paula Fernandez Arias. "Filicide: the Australian story." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (December 2020): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.47.
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AbstractA filicide death, meaning the killing of a child by their parent or equivalent guardian, is a tragic event. Sadly, a UK study suggests Australia has the fourth highest rate of filicide among similar developed nations. Since Australian research studies on the incidence of filicide, or indeed on any other aspect of the problem, are limited, it is impossible to know if this finding is correct or not. However, in the last several years more research on filicide has emerged in Australia and by reviewing the recent research in detail, this article develops an integrated analysis of Australian filicide research and contributes to the knowledge bank on Australian filicide that can be used by professionals undertaking practice and research in intervention and prevention. Analysis of the studies shows one child dies at the hands of a parent every fortnight and that this number has not changed for many years. The analysis identifies the profiles of victims and perpetrators. The constellation of circumstances and stressors associated with each of the parental perpetrator groups is discussed, including the perpetrators’ contact with, and mostly unsuccessful use of, services. Based on the analysis, a way forward to prevention is proposed.
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Stevens, Christine A. "The Illusion of Social Inclusion: Cambodian Youth in South Australia." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.59.
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As a result of the turmoil in Cambodia during the 1970s, traditional Cambodian society was fundamentally altered: Cambodians were uprooted, and after the Vietnamese invasion in 1978, thousands fled to camps on the Thai-Cambodian border, where many sought and were selected for resettlement in other countries. Approximately 12,000 Cambodians were accepted for resettlement in Australia as refugees in the period 1975-85, with approximately 2,500 settling in South Australia. The emigrants to South Australia were youthful, with 51% of all arrivals in the period 1979-85 aged 19 years or less (Stevens). Since this period when refugees first arrived in Australia from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, the social adaptation of refugee youth has been little researched. Generally, young people have been but one of the age groups included in large-scale surveys or in-depth studies, such as those by Wendy Poussard, Nancy Viviani, and others, that focused on the early stages of resettlement. The research that has focused on refugee youth has concentrated on educational achievement (Spearritt and Colman; Kelly and Bennoun; Chan; Mundy) or mental health status and adjustment (Krupinski and Burrows). At a time of ongoing debate about the size and nature of the immigrant intake, and concern that the resulting cultural diversity may foster ethnic conflicts and endanger social cohesion, this lack of research on the social aspects of the settlement process young refugees from Southeast Asia undertake is a significant omission.
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Patten, San, Craig Mitton, and Cam Donaldson. "From the trenches: views from decision-makers on health services priority setting." Health Services Management Research 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0951484053723117.
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Due to resource scarcity, health organizations worldwide must decide what services to fund and, conversely, what services not to fund. One approach to priority setting, which has been widely used in Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, is programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA). To date, such activity has primarily been based at a micro level, within programmes of care. In order to institute and refine the PBMA framework at a macro level across major service areas within a single health authority, researchers and decision-makers in Alberta embarked on a participatory action research project together. This paper identifies key issues of importance to decision-makers in a real-world priority-setting context. Themes discussed include making comparisons across disparate patient groups, dealing with political factors, using relevant forms of evidence, recognizing innovations and involving the public. The in-depth insight gained through this qualitative analysis will enable future refinement of PBMA at a macro level in the health authority under study, and should also serve to inform priority-setting activity in regionalized contexts elsewhere. In identifying aspects of priority setting that are important to decision-makers, researchers can also be better informed with respect to realworld processes.
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Rand, Leah Z., and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "An International Review of Health Technology Assessment Approaches to Prescription Drugs and Their Ethical Principles." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 3 (2020): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520958885.
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In many countries, health technology assessment (HTA) organizations determine the economic value of new drugs and make recommendations regarding appropriate pricing and coverage in national health systems. In the US, recent policy proposals aimed at reducing drug costs would link drug prices to six countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the UK. We reviewed these countries’ methods of HTA and guidance on price and coverage recommendations, analyzing methods and guidance documents for differences in (1) the methodologies HTA organizations use to conduct their evaluations and (2) considerations they use when making recommendations. We found important differences in the methods, interpretations of HTA findings, and condition-specific carve-outs that HTA organizations use to conduct evaluations and make recommendations. These variations have ethical implications because they influence the recommendations of HTA organizations, which affect access to the drug through national insurance and price negotiations with manufacturers. The differences in HTA approaches result from the distinct political, social, and cultural contexts of each organization and its value judgments. New cost-containment policies in the US should consider the ethical implications of the HTA reviews that they are considering relying on to negotiate drug prices and what values should be included in US pricing policy.
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Thai, J., N. Howard, and E. Buckley. "Equality in Breast Cancer Treatment? A Systematic Review of the Utilisation of Primary Treatment Within Priority Population Groups in Australia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 83s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.25500.
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Background: Australia has a high standard of health and healthcare compared with many other OECD countries, with life expectancies among the highest in the world. However, this attainment is not reflected equally across all population subgroups within Australia. Translation evidence from clinical trials into practice varies, leading to attenuated effects across subgroups. Variable effects also occur due to differences in access to interventions and cancer treatment services. Priority subgroups can experience poorer access to healthcare and overall health outcomes due, in part, to the influence of social, environmental and political factors Aim: This study aimed to determine the extent to which inequalities exist across subgroups of the Australian population with breast cancer, as relating to cancer treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken in December 2017 to identify and quantify the inequalities in treatment utilization across priority subgroups in Australia. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were used to identify the literature. Identification of relevant articles resulted from screening the full text of all articles identified, with each article assessed against predefined inclusion criteria. Quality assessment was used to inform the qualitative synthesis to explore the relationship between priority subgroups and the utilization of primary breast cancer treatment. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO database on the December 19, 2016. Results: A total of 2030 articles were screened for eligibility, with 29 articles included in the final review. Results highlight an underutilization of breast cancer treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) across priority subgroups compared with the nonpriority populations, including aboriginal women (4%-15% less likely to receive breast conserving surgery), elderly (9% more likely to have no surgery), women of greater socioeconomic disadvantage (13%-28% less likely to receive breast conserving surgery), and women living remotely (20%-38% less likely to receive breast conserving surgery). Similar differentials in utilization were seen with adjuvant therapies. Conclusion: Evaluation of health services and treatment utilization is an important aspect of cancer control programs. In quantifying the underutilization of health services for breast cancer treatments, it is clear that variations exist in the treatment of breast cancer among priority populations in Australia. Greater understanding of the barriers to treatment among these population groups are needed to minimize inequalities that exist in cancer treatment and cancer outcomes in Australia.
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Bull, Melissa, Emily Schindeler, David Berkeman, and Janet Ransley. "A Demography and Taxonomy of Long-term Immigration Detention in Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i1.93.
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The practice of long-term immigration detention is a relatively recent aspect of Australian Government policy. There has been much debate about the wisdom of such policy, raising concerns regarding the health of detainees, the dereliction of human rights, and the legal robustness of such practice. Despite considerable interest, little detail is available describing who is being held and the reasons for their long-term detention. This paper addresses this noticeable gap through a systematic analysis of the Commonwealth Ombudsman’s Immigration Reports over the period 2005 through 2009. From such reporting it has been possible to produce a demographic profile of people held in Australian detention and to develop a taxonomy of the reasons contributing to the ongoing containment.
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Maglen, Krista. "“In This Miserable Spot Called Quarantine”: The Healthy and Unhealthy in Nineteenth Century Australian and Pacific Quarantine Stations." Science in Context 19, no. 3 (September 2006): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889706000950.
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ArgumentBy examining sources created by people who were detained or employed at the quarantine stations of Australia and the Western Pacific, this article illuminates aspects of the history of disease control that cannot be observed in other source material. Most research examining the history of maritime quarantine has tended to rely on the records of official and government agencies. As a result, discussion has largely been confined to government policy and larger issues of the political, economic, and social consequences of maritime disease control. This article contributes to the historiography by examining personal sources that show how quarantine policy and practice were experienced from the perspective of its participants. They reveal the experiences of otherwise obscured healthy detainees and illuminate agency among quarantined individuals that cannot be observed without these sources.
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Slee, Phillip T., and Darryl G. Gross. "Children's and Adolescents' Fears and the Threat of Nuclear War: an Australian Study." Children Australia 13, no. 1 (1988): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000001764.
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As adults, it is tempting to dismiss children's fears of such things as animals, the supernatural and physical events as vivid aspects of their imagination and to reassure ourselves that such fears are relatively minor or of limited concern. To this extent adults fail to realise children's fears reflect something of their understanding of the world and their place in it. To date, there has been very little research conducted in Australia on the nature and extent of children's fears. However, research conducted in the United States and Europe has identified a number of features of fears including sex differences and age trends.
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Vicary, David, Judy Tennant, Jade Santa Maria, and Sarah Wadley. "Children as decision makers." Children Australia 30, no. 4 (2005): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010853.
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Involving children and young people in planning, decision making and the evaluation of services and programs inevitably raises the eyebrows of adults working in the areas of service delivery, program development and policy formulation. Some adults may question young people’s ability to see the ‘big picture’ and to make decisions, and even their right to be engaged in the first place. In challenging these ideas, the Western Australian Office for Children and Youth established a Children’s Advisory Group (CAG) in 2004 – the first of its kind to be created within the Western Australia Government, and one of the first such groups to be set up in Australia.The current Children’s Advisory Group (CAG) is a diverse group often primary school children aged 9-12 years from the Perth metropolitan area. They are actively involved in all aspects of the Office’s operation. The CAG has been evaluated throughout its inaugural year of operation, both in terms of process and impact, and has been found to have a significant impact upon government policy and practice. This paper will outline the process for the establishment and implementation of a CAG and the evaluation of a CAG on government policy. It will highlight evaluation findings and discuss future directions.
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Mann, Clare. "Aboriginal Prisoners Design Their Own Curriculum." Aboriginal Child at School 17, no. 3 (July 1989): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006817.
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Aboriginal people in Western Australia experience very high rates of imprisonment. In June 1985 the percentage of Aboriginal people in prisons in Western Australia was 32.7% (Walker and Biles 1986:23) and a large number of these were young men. Aboriginal people constitute 2.5% of the total population of Western Australia which means they are over represented at a rate of 12%(W.A.A.E.C.G. 1987:32). These figures have been extensively researched and documented (Hazlehurst 1987, Eggleston 1976 and Martin and Newby 1986) perhaps to the detriment of Aboriginal people (Parker 1987:140). Parker believes these high rates are due to the socio-economic and political status of Aboriginal people in our society, and suggests education programs about Aboriginal culture should be introduced to judicial agents accompanied by "the promotion of Aboriginal autonomy and independence in the areas of health, housing, education and employment" (Parker 1987:137). Broadhurst (1987:152) reinforces this view, asserting that the over representation of Aboriginal people in the criminal justice system is a result of deprivation and economic dependence and the development of the north-west, rather than an aspect of Aboriginality (Broadhurst 1987:179). He urges that prisons be used as a ’last resort‘.
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Lupton, Deborah, and Mike Michael. "“For Me, the Biggest Benefit Is Being Ahead of the Game”:The Use of Social Media in Health Work." Social Media + Society 3, no. 2 (April 2017): 205630511770254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305117702541.
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Using social media in the workplace raises a number of issues for any occupation. In this article, we report the findings of a study that investigated how social media are used in a field of health work. The study uses semi-structured interviews conducted by telephone with 15 participants working in communicable disease in Australia. We identified several key features shaping the use of social media. These included the sociomaterial aspects of the workplace (to what extent employees were provided with access to and allowed to use the Internet), the affordances of social media technologies (fast and real-time communication and sharing, opportunities to easily connect with peers as well as the public, and the casual tone of interactions), tacit norms and assumptions about professional behavior and social media (whether social media are considered to be appropriate tools to use for work and how they should best be used), the specific nature of people’s work (how sensitive, stigmatized, contentious, or political were the diseases they focused on), and the nature of people’s own experiences (how other social media users responded to them, what value they perceived they gained from using social media for work, and the types of networks they were able to establish). The findings of this study highlight the importance of context when considering how people use social media in the workplace.
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Larsen, Ann-Claire. "Governing families with young children through discipline." Journal of Sociology 35, no. 3 (December 1999): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078339903500302.
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The Western Australian Community Child Health Service (CCHS) has problematised aspects of parental conduct and sought to transform parent/child interaction in order to produce a specific kind of person: responsible, self-disciplined, caring. As a consequence, management strategies that harness parents' and children's self- regulating capacities rather than corporal punishment are promoted as the more appropriate means to discipline young children. However, the prevailing child health position, informed by medical and psychological expertise and grounded empirically, is contested from within and outside its ranks. Prominence is given to accounts of disciplining practices produced by interviewing several parents, Pentecostal believers and nurses. The analysis presented brings to the fore contradictions, inconsistencies and oppositions that emerge when the CCHS, a governmental practice, is operationalised.
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Tehan, Mary. "The Compassionate Workplace: Leading with the Heart." Illness, Crisis & Loss 15, no. 3 (July 2007): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730701500303.
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In the context of grief in the workplace, this article explores elements of what constitutes a compassionate employer and how this aspect of service leadership can be enacted through a “vital listening.” The different but interrelated aspects of vital listening which are presented frame a non-judgmental approach to avoid the potential for stigma and discrimination in the workplace, and to honor needs associated with the identity, worth and sense of belonging of the person being supported. In so doing, it builds on the work of Kellehear (2005). Material is used from three primary sources: Sendjaya's six dimensions of servant leadership (2005), Swann's eleven elements of compassionate leadership grounded in a matrix of Bolman and Deal's four leadership frames (2002) and the work of Bottomley and Tehan (2005), associated with the development of a “Best Practice Support Model” in the Australian workplace.
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Freris, Helen. "The 1980 Hague Convention: The Need for an Advocacy Response to Protect Children in the Context of International Parental Child Abduction." Children Australia 38, no. 4 (December 2013): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2013.30.
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This paper will focus on the practice of social work within the context of an international Hague Convention concerning children: the 1980 Hague Convention on The Civil Aspects of International Parental Child Abduction. After describing the programmes of International Social Service (ISS) Australia, this organisation's existing approaches to working with families affected by international parental child abduction will be specifically discussed as an example of practice within the context of that Convention. The paper highlights the benefits of social work practice and mediation-based services for families. Dilemmas of practice within a legal framework will then be considered, with particular reference to the trap of uncritical implementation of social work practice as a social control agent of the judicial system. Potential social work contributions in the area of analysis and critique through the perspectives offered by gendered analysis, human rights and children's rights, and the tradition of advocacy as an integral sphere of practice will be discussed, with the paper arguing that for social work to best meet the needs of children affected by this legislation, it must perform its vital functions of social and political critique, and individual and systemic advocacy.
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Ainsworth, Frank. "The social and economic origins of child abuse and neglect." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.36.
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AbstractThis commentary aims to start a debate about various dimensions of social disadvantage and the relationship to child abuse and neglect (CAN). These dimensions include poverty, educational attainment, employment status, sub-standard housing, disadvantaged neighbourhoods and social isolation from family. Other aspects such as mental health issues, domestic violence and substance misuse are compounding factors that are critical influences on the relationship between disadvantage and CAN. New South Wales is used as the exemplar Australian state.
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Essex, Ryan. "Should clinicians boycott Australian immigration detention?" Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105153.
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Australian immigration detention has been called state sanctioned abuse, cruel and degrading and likened to torture. Clinicians have long worked both within the system providing healthcare and outside of it advocating for broader social and political change. It has now been over 25 years and little, if anything, has changed. The government has continued to consolidate power to enforce these policies and has continued to attempt to silence dissent. It was in this context that a boycott was raised as a possible course of action. Despite discussions among the healthcare community about the merits of such action, a number of questions have been overlooked. In this article, I will examine whether a boycott is both ethical and feasible. Taking into account the costs and benefits of current engagement and the potential impact of a boycott, more specifically the potential it has to further harm those detained, I conclude that under current circumstance a boycott cannot be justified. This however does not mean that a boycott should be dismissed completely or that the status quo should be accepted. I discuss potential ways forward for those seeking change.
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Lupton, Deborah. "Food, Memory and Meaning: The Symbolic and Social Nature of Food Events." Sociological Review 42, no. 4 (November 1994): 664–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb00105.x.
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Food preparation and consumption practices are considered integral to the maintenance or deterioration of bodily health. As a consequence, individuals in western societies are regularly exhorted to follow health guidelines in their everyday diets. However many fail to heed this advice. Various reasons have been proposed for lack of behavioural change, but few have fully considered the social function and symbolic meanings of food and eating. This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study using the innovative qualitative research method of memory-work to uncover the meanings surrounding food practices in developed societies. The data used are childhood memories about food written by students at an Australian university. The memories are examined for common themes and patterns, revealing important aspects of the ways in which food contributes to social relationships and cultural practices. The findings provide explanations for individuals' adherence to certain eating habits and avoidance of others, and point the way towards the further application of memory-work to elucidate the meanings and symbolic role played by food in western societies.
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Gadberry, James H. "When is a Funeral Not a Funeral?" Illness, Crisis & Loss 8, no. 2 (April 2000): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730000800205.
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Change is an ever-present aspect of social life. Change can be swift and highly disruptive or slow and less unsettling. The changing structure of body disposition is an example of the latter. The traditional funeral is slowly losing the broad support it once enjoyed. This work explores three of the new methods of body disposition: (1) cremation; (2) secular, life-centered funerals; and (3) celebratory, “fun” funerals. The study opens with a review of the historical changes that have led to what most would consider traditional funerals. The reader will find a discussion of what many would say are deviant methods of body disposition. Cremation is quickly becoming less deviant. To be sure, of the three evolving types of funerals, none are as contentious as the fun funeral. The life-centered, celebratory funeral is growing in popularity in other parts of the world (especially Australia) yet is relatively unheard of in America.
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Hawkins, Russell M. F., and Freda Briggs. "Early childhood experiences of men sexually abused as children." Children Australia 20, no. 2 (1995): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004466.
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A study which reported information obtained from male child molesters and from the male victims of child abuse has recently been completed. When the results of this study were released, they attracted considerable media attention. Unfortunately the media reports were often inaccurate. The page 1 headline on the South Australian edition of the Australian (Powell, 6/1/95), for example said ‘One in two molesters cites abuse by Catholics’. This is incorrect. Furthermore, the media reports tended to unduly focus on issues to do with abuse by religious authorities and they failed to provide detail about other aspects of the study. In order to correct misinformation spread by the media, we present a short description of the study.
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Ara, Aniba Israt, and Arshad Islam. "East India Company Strategies in the Development of Singapore." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 2, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): p37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v2n3p37.
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Singapore in the Malay Peninsula was targeted by the British East India Company (EIC) to be the epicentre of their direct rule in Southeast Asia. Seeking new sources of revenue at the end of the 18th century, after attaining domination in India, the Company sought to extend its reach into China, and Malaya was the natural region to do this, extending outposts to Penang and Singapore. The latter was first identified as a key site by Stamford Raffles. The EIC Governor General Marquess Hastings (r. 1813-1823) planned to facilitate Raffle’s attention on the Malay Peninsula from Sumatra. Raffles’ plan for Singapore was approved by the EIC’s Bengal Government. The modern system of administration came into the Straits Settlements under the EIC’s Bengal Presidency. In 1819 in Singapore, Raffles established an Anglo-Oriental College (AOC) for the study of Eastern languages, literature, history, and science. The AOC was intended firstly to be the centre of local research and secondly to increase inter-cultural knowledge of the East and West. Besides Raffles’ efforts, the EIC developed political and socio-economic systems for Singapore. The most important aspects of the social development of Singapore were proper accommodation for migrants, poverty eradication, health care, a new system of education, and women’s rights. The free trade introduced by Francis Light (and later Stamford Raffles) in Penang and Singapore respectively gave enormous opportunities for approved merchants to expand their commerce from Burma to Australia and from Java to China. Before the termination of the China trade in 1833 Singapore developed tremendously, and cemented the role of the European trading paradigm in the East.
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Roberts, Rachel M., and Feda Ali. "An Exploration of Strength of Ethnic Identity, Acculturation and Experiences of Bullying and Victimisation in Australian School Children." Children Australia 38, no. 1 (January 30, 2013): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2012.44.
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School bullying and victimisation is a pervasive problem within schools. Research within Australian schools has not considered the relationship that ethnicity, strength of ethnic identity or acculturation orientation may have with bullying and victimisation. A self-report measure was completed by 421 children (Mean age = 11.8 years, SD = 0.6). Ethnic majority children reported experiencing more direct and indirect victimisation than ethnic minority children. For ethnic minority children, weaker ethnic identity was associated with direct victimisation. Ethnic minority children who adopted an assimilation acculturation orientation experienced more direct victimisation in comparison with ethnic minority children who adopted an integration acculturation orientation. Ethnicity and acculturation are important aspects to consider when understanding bullying and victimisation in Australian schools and although ethnic majority children were more likely to report victimisation, weak ethnic identity and assimilation acculturation orientation leaves ethnic minority children particularly vulnerable to direct victimisation. This should be considered in the application of anti-bullying programmes within schools.
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Effendi, Pranoto, and Jerry Courvisanos. "Political aspects of innovation: Examining renewable energy in Australia." Renewable Energy 38, no. 1 (February 2012): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.07.039.
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Stork, Joe. "Political Aspects of Health." Middle East Report, no. 161 (November 1989): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3012741.
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Cabal-Escandón, Victoria-Eugenia. "Developments and Challenges in Advanced Practice Nursing." Revista Colombiana de Enfermería 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): e007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18270/rce.v18i2.2663.
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Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) emerged as a response to the need for professionals capable of giving care to patients, thereby improving the quality of healthcare; the results obtained by implementing APNs in healthcare teams confirm that APNs can be implemented in the healthcare of patients of all ages and with varied health situations (1).
Levels of development in APN are very diverse in distinct countries, in the legal aspect as well as in the roles that a nurse with this level of training can fulfill. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) counts around seventy countries as being preoccupied with introducing clear function for APNs (20); nonetheless, literature describes the main progress in this sense occurring in Canada, Australia, Ireland, Finland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, although in the last ten years significant advances have been identifies in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Thailand, Singapore, Korea, and Africa (3, 4).
In Latin-American, progress in this initiative is embryonic: the role that a APN can fulfill has not been sufficiently disseminated and the implementation of this strategy has been limited by healthcare policies in many countries or by the opposition to APNs by professionals in other areas who are reacting to misinformation or to fear of usurpation of certain functions by APNs. However, in primary care, APNs have been incorporated into healthcare teams, and research shows positive results for the expansion of coverage and reduction of healthcare costs, in both rural areas and urban centers (1, 5).
Thanks to these advances, in 2000 the ICN supported the creation of the International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network (INP/APNN) with the objective of favoring dialogue, advancing the installation of APNs in the countries, facilitating the interchange of knowledge, determining the limits in the expansion of the role of nurses, and defining the guidelines for the formation of human resources at this level. Likewise, the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) have worked with universities and nursing associations in Latin America and the Caribbean to, through context analyses, propose implementation of APNs (5).
During August 2018, the 10th Conference of the International Nursing Council convened in Rotterdam with the goal of exploring the role of APNs in the transformation of healthcare (6). With the participation of more than fifty countries, the council established a global panorama of the situation and of the challenges nursing faces as an active participant and agent for achieving universal health coverage. An important conclusion drawn from the event is the recognition given by all participating countries to APNs for allowing significant advancement of strategies for primary healthcare and the achievement of goals related with universal health coverage and sustainable development: the guarantee of a healthy life and the promotion of wellness for everyone at every age (4, 5).
These propositions imply a process and the need for countries to work towards the expansion of nursing roles, which requires the promotion of a collective project that unites different sectors involved in the formation of human talent, on one hand, that the offering of health services on the other. Likewise, administrators of education and health policy along with associations involved in the nursing discipline need to contribute to the analyses of strategies for implementing a sustainable and efficient health system that allows universal access to health (1, 4, 7).
In this context, APNs are understood to have undergone master or doctorate level training that develops scientific knowledge, clinical expertise, leadership, political formation, communicational capacity, and education for the patient, family, and community groups. Therefore, the professional is enabled to take ethical decisions, work autonomously, interact in intra- and interdisciplinary groups, and understand that ANP’s work will be determined by the unique environment, healthcare structure, and legislation of different countries.
In accord with Morán-Peña (8), the International Nursing Council states that APNs are characterized by an autonomous practice that allows the implementation of tools like: valuation, diagnostic reasoning, decision making for the handling of cases, plan development, implementation and evaluation of programs as part of consultation services, and being the first point of contact in the healthcare system. This implies that an ANP will have competencies to participate in the elaboration of public policy as well as on teams dedicated to care for individuals, families, groups, and communities in disease prevention, health promotion, treatment, recuperation, and palliative care (7, 9, 10).
Consequently, working on the implementation of the EPA can possibly lead to transformation of healthcare systems in the clinical area, improvement in the access to primary healthcare, and in the design and development of investigation projects whose results can be applied in practice; in short, it would affect the quality and effectiveness of healthcare at different levels and allow the urgent and much needed evolution of healthcare systems (11).
With this perspective, the fundamental question is whether sufficient political interest exist for the development of APN’s roles, the definition of APN’s limits, the adaption of the existing structure, the establishment of guidelines for educational programs, and the application of expert knowledge, among other aspects, in benefit of health coverage, healthcare quality, and the establishment of a sustainable healthcare system.
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Smith, Helen V. "Public Health." Microbiology Australia 38, no. 4 (2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17055.
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Gulholm, Trine, and William D. Rawlinson. "Public health aspects of Dengue virus infection relevant to Australia." Microbiology Australia 38, no. 4 (2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17066.
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Dengue is endemic in over 100 countries. The disease is not endemic in Australia currently, although the mosquito vector and imported cases cause sporadic outbreaks, predominantly in Queensland. The illness dengue fever causes a spectrum of disease from asymptomatic or a minor febrile illness through to a fatal disease caused by shock from plasma leakage or haemorrhage. There is currently no specific treatment for dengue. Dengue is mainly diagnosed using serology, antigen detection and PCR. Serological diagnosis of dengue can be difficult because of cross reactions with other flaviviruses. A vaccine is available and registered in Australia, however the overall efficacy is just over 50%. Surveillance, disease recognition, outbreak control and prevention of exposure are strategies used to combat dengue in Australia.
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Andrews, Gavin. "Psychiatry in Australia: economic and service delivery aspects." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 7 (July 1991): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.7.446.
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In 1987 there were 1,428 psychiatrists in Australia, 8.8 per 100,000 population (Burvill, 1988), 55% identified as in private practice and 45% in public sector practice. Let us be clear about terms. Public sector practice means that each week you receive a salary from the public purse whether you have seen one or a hundred patients. Private practice means that you are paid on a piece-work basis, also largely from the public purse (national health insurance or Medicare), but the income (at about $100 per hour) depends exactly on the number of hours spent with patients. On average, private psychiatrists in Australia gross about $150,000 per year, out of which they must pay practice expenses. The pay for public sector psychiatrists probably averages $70,000 to which, for the purposes of our calculation, we will add the cost of rooms, telephone and secretary provided by the hospital which at $30,000 brings the cost of a public sector psychiatrist to about $100,000 per year. If 45% of psychiatrists are in public practice then the averaged cost of a psychiatrist in Australia can be calculated as $127,500 per annum, and as there are 8.8 psychiatrists per 100,000 the cost, calculated on this simple basis, is $1.12 million per 100,000 population (Andrews, 1989).
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Greene, Shaun L., Anton Scamvougeras, Amanda Norman, Yvonne Bonomo, and David J. Castle. "The fentanyls: pharmacological and clinical aspects relevant to Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220917317.
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Objective: North American and other jurisdictions have seen an alarming rise in the abuse of the fentanyls, with related overdose deaths. We sought to review this group of drugs to alert Australian psychiatrists and drug and alcohol clinicians to their clinical effects and potential harms. Conclusions: The extreme potency of the fentanyls underlie their lethality. Vigilance and investment from both policy makers and health care providers are required to mitigate harm from a possible future Australian fentanyl epidemic.
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Gertig, Dorota M., Ashley Fletcher, and John L. Hopper. "Public health aspects of genetic screening for hereditary haemochromatosis in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 26, no. 6 (December 2002): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2002.tb00360.x.
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Mo, John. "Some Aspects of the Australia-China Investment Protection Treaty." Journal of World Trade 25, Issue 3 (June 1, 1991): 43–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1991016.
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White, Rob. "Social and Political Aspects of Men’s Health." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 6, no. 3 (July 2002): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136345930200600301.
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Wilcock, Ann A. "Keynote Paper: Biological and Sociocultural Aspects of Occupation, Health and Health Promotion." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 56, no. 6 (June 1993): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269305600602.
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This paper was presented at the interdisciplinary conference on ‘Health Promotion: An investment for the Future’, organised by the College of Occupational Therapists, London, on 12 May 1993. It draws heavily on material previously published in Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment, & Rehabilitation 1992; 2(3): 15–20, and in The Journal of Occupational Science: Australia 1993; 1(1): 17–24, from both of whom permission has been received to publish here.
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Makovskaya, M. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Natural Resources Exploiting in Australia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2000): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2000-7-106-110.
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Chan, D. J., and D. L. Bradford. "A sexual health strategy for Australia — time for action." Sexual Health 1, no. 4 (2004): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh04008.
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Australia still does not have a national sexual health strategy. Sexually transmissible infections such as chlamydia continue to plague the community, and the incidence of HIV is increasing. But a cohesive sexual health strategy cannot merely be disease-focussed, it must include the broader social and cultural aspects of sexual behaviour and sexuality. We propose a public health framework for the development of a national sexual health strategy that will bring Australia in line with the United Kingdom and New Zealand.
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Gani, Azmat. "Some Aspects of Trade between Australia and Pacific Island Countries." World Economy 33, no. 1 (January 2010): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01189.x.
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