Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health policy recommendations

Academic literature on the topic 'Health policy recommendations'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Health policy recommendations"

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Wasson, John H. "Health Recommendations by Interest Group." Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 21, no. 1 (January 1998): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004479-199801000-00006.

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Ehret, Phillip J., and David K. Sherman. "Public Policy and Health." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 2014): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214549472.

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Public policies designed to improve health and well-being are challenged by people’s resistance. A social psychological perspective reveals how health policies can pose a psychological threat to individuals and result in resistance to following health recommendations. Self-affirmation, a brief psychological intervention that has individuals focus on important personal values, can help reduce resistance to behavior change and help promote health and well-being in four health-policy domains: graphic cigarette warning labels designed to get people to quit smoking, community health programs targeted at high-risk populations, alcohol intervention and prevention programs targeted at problem drinkers, and adherence to medical recommendations and treatment regimens among people coping with disease. Using self-affirmation has important strengths and limitations as a tool to help policymakers and practitioners encourage better health choices.
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Draborg, Eva, and Christian Kronborg Andersen. "Recommendations in health technology assessments worldwide." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, no. 2 (March 28, 2006): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462306050963.

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Objectives:The objective of this study is to analyze statistically the possible determinants and implications of including or not including recommendations in health technology assessments (HTAs).Methods:A sample of 433 HTAs published by eleven leading institutions or agencies in nine countries was reviewed and analyzed statistically by multiple logistic regression.Results:The extent of policy and research recommendations in HTAs varies greatly from country to country. The content and scope of HTAs have some impact on recommendations. Extensive assessment of economic and organizational aspects increases the likelihood of including policy recommendations. Extensive assessment of technological and patient aspects increases the likelihood of including research recommendations, whereas extensive focus on economic aspects is negatively related to research recommendations. The most striking result is that the use of external partners for assessment increases the likelihood of including research recommendations in HTAs but not policy recommendations.Conclusions:HTA commissioners, agencies, institutions, and funding authorities need to be aware of the consequences of the choices they make in advance of assessing health technologies. Outsourcing HTA to external partners suggests a greater likelihood of being told that “more research is needed.” The scope and content of HTAs has an impact on the type of recommendations, and country-specific preferences are strong predictors of recommendations in HTAs.
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Cai, Jesmine, Tina Wang, Neil McAuslane, and Lawrence Liberti. "PP30 Do Conditional Regulatory Pathways Affect Health Technology Assessment Recommendations?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319001946.

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IntroductionIn an effort to expedite the approval of drugs treating serious illnesses or addressing unmet medical need, conditional approvals have been used by the European Medicines Agency. In this study, the effects of conditional approvals were investigated in terms of health technology assessment (HTA) recommendations and timing in Europe.MethodsFirst HTA recommendations of new active substances (NASs) issued between 2015 and 2017 were collected from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (England), Haute Autorité de Santé (France), Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Germany), Scottish Medicine Consortium (Scotland) and Tandvårds-Läkemedelförmånsverket (Sweden). The HTA recommendations were then classified into the following categories: positive, positive with restrictions, negative and multiple and if the regulatory approval pathway had been standard or conditional.ResultsOf this cohort of NASs that received an HTA recommendation, eight of 56 in England, 12 of 83 in France, 11 of 77 in Germany, nine of 58 in Scotland and four of 49 in Sweden were approved via a conditional review. Generally, except in England, there were a higher proportion of positive first recommendations for conditional approvals when compared to standard approvals, with Germany showing the largest proportional difference (43 percent) between the two pathways and also a faster time to recommendation. This may relate to the proportion of conditional assessments that were orphan medicines. With the exception of Germany, the time taken from regulatory approval to first HTA recommendation for products with conditional approvals is higher than those for standard approvals, with the largest difference seen in Sweden (241 days longer).ConclusionsConditionally approved NASs showed a variable HTA outcome; although there was generally a higher proportion of positive recommendations thus enabling more likely access in conditional approvals, the timing from regulatory approval to HTA recommendation was longer compared with standard approvals. This warrants a better understanding of the factors and uncertainties underlying these recommendations, supporting timely access of NASs with conditional approval.
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Kendig, Susan. "Addressing the Nursing Shortage:Exploring Needed Health Policy Recommendations." AWHONN Lifelines 5, no. 3 (June 2001): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6356.2001.tb01274.x.

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Scherr, Karen A., Angela Fagerlin, Lillie D. Williamson, J. Kelly Davis, Ilona Fridman, Natalie Atyeo, and Peter A. Ubel. "The Physician Recommendation Coding System (PhyReCS)." Medical Decision Making 37, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x16654692.

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Background. Physicians’ recommendations affect patients’ treatment choices. However, most research relies on physicians’ or patients’ retrospective reports of recommendations, which offer a limited perspective and have limitations such as recall bias. Objective. To develop a reliable and valid method to measure the strength of physician recommendations using direct observation of clinical encounters. Methods. Clinical encounters ( n = 257) were recorded as part of a larger study of prostate cancer decision making. We used an iterative process to create the 5-point Physician Recommendation Coding System (PhyReCS). To determine reliability, research assistants double-coded 50 transcripts. To establish content validity, we used 1-way analyses of variance to determine whether relative treatment recommendation scores differed as a function of which treatment patients received. To establish concurrent validity, we examined whether patients’ perceived treatment recommendations matched our coded recommendations. Results. The PhyReCS was highly reliable (Krippendorf’s alpha = 0.89, 95% CI [0.86, 0.91]). The average relative treatment recommendation score for each treatment was higher for individuals who received that particular treatment. For example, the average relative surgery recommendation score was higher for individuals who received surgery versus radiation (mean difference = 0.98, SE = 0.18, P < 0.001) or active surveillance (mean difference = 1.10, SE = 0.14, P < 0.001). Patients’ perceived recommendations matched coded recommendations 81% of the time. Conclusion. The PhyReCS is a reliable and valid way to capture the strength of physician recommendations. We believe that the PhyReCS would be helpful for other researchers who wish to study physician recommendations, an important part of patient decision making.
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Keech, James, Wei Fang Dai, Maureen Trudeau, Rebecca E. Mercer, Rohini Naipaul, Frances C. Wright, Sarah E. Ferguson, et al. "Impact of rarity on Canadian oncology health technology assessment and funding." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 4 (August 2020): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320000483.

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ObjectivesThe pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review (pCODR) evaluates new cancer drugs for public funding recommendations. While pCODR's deliberative framework evaluates overall clinical benefit and includes considerations for exceptional circumstances, rarity of indication is not explicitly addressed. Given the high unmet need that typically accompanies these indications, we explored the impact of rarity on oncology HTA recommendations and funding decisions.MethodsWe examined pCODR submissions with final recommendations from 2012 to 2017. Incidence rates were calculated using pCODR recommendation reports and statistics from the Canadian Cancer Society. Indications were classified as rare if the incidence rate was lower than 1/100,000 diagnoses, a definition referenced by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Each pCODR final report was examined for the funding recommendation/justification, level of supporting evidence (presence of a randomized control trial [RCT]), and time to funding (if applicable).ResultsOf the ninety-six pCODR reviews examined, 16.6 percent were classified as rare indications per above criteria. While the frequency of positive funding recommendations were similar between rare and nonrare indication (78.6 vs. 75 percent), rare indications were less likely to be presented with evidence from RCT (50 vs. 90 percent). The average time to funding did not differ significantly across provinces.ConclusionRare indications appear to be associated with weaker clinical evidence. There appears to be no association between rarity, positive funding recommendations, and time to funding. Further work will evaluate factors associated with positive recommendations and the real-world utilization of funded treatments for rare indications.
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Bellad, Asha, and Aakriti Gupta. "Process of Development of WHO Guidelines." Indian Journal of Community Health 30, no. 1 (Supp) (April 25, 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2018.v30i01supp.014.

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A WHO guideline is any document containing recommendations about health interventions, whether these are clinical, public health or policy recommendations. A recommendation provides information about what policy-makers, health-care providers or patients should do. It implies a choice between different interventions that have an impact on health and that have implications for the use of resources. The purpose of WHO guidelines is to improve the health and well-being of individuals and populations
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Carroll, Christopher, Rumona Dickson, Angela Boland, Rachel Houten, and Matthew Walton. "VP41 NICE Interventional Procedures Advisory Committee Recommendations." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319003131.

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IntroductionThis study explores the factors (principally evidential) that predict guidance recommendations by this NICE committee. There are three main types of recommendations: Standard/normal arrangements (can be done without restriction in the NHS); Special arrangements (can be done under certain conditions); and Research only.MethodsThe following data were extracted from all published pieces of Interventional Procedure Guidance (IPGs) produced by this committee: year, IPG number, recommendations, evidence base (numbers and types of included studies, numbers of included patients etc.). All data were extracted independently by two researchers, and any disagreements clarified by consensus. Data were tabulated and descriptive statistics produced. Regression analyses will be performed using these data to identify any statistically significant predictors of recommendations.ResultsIPG recommendations (n = 496); year range: 2003-2018. Proportion of IPGs by each recommendation: 50% Standard; 38% Special; 11% Research Only; 2% Do Not Do. Proportion of IPGs with highest level evidence (i.e. systematic review and/or RCT) by recommendation type: Standard = 64% (152/239); Special = 43% (77/180); Research Only = 48% (26/54); Do Not Do = 75% (6/8). Mean numbers of patients by recommendation type: Standard = 7,838; Special = 3,935; Research Only = 2,423. There is also a clear trend over time: Standard recommendations decrease for all IPGs from 63% in 2003-2009 to 40% in 2014-2018; and the evidence threshold for Standard recommendations increases over time from 56% based on systematic reviews and/or RCTs in 2003-2009 to 85% in 2014-2018; mean numbers of patients per Standard recommendation also increase from 2,002 to 6,098 over this period.ConclusionsHigher levels evidence and numbers of patients increase the likelihood of the most positive recommendation. However, this evidence might still lack sufficient quality or certainty to answer a policy question. The evidence threshold to achieve a Standard recommendation has also increased markedly over time. As with other NICE committees, factors other than cost and perceived hierarchies of evidence clearly act as drivers of decisions.
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COWEN, EMORY L., and JOSEPH A. DURLAK. "Social policy and prevention in mental health." Development and Psychopathology 12, no. 4 (December 2000): 815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004132.

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This article presents policy recommendations relating to two aspects of primary prevention in mental health: (a) preventing adverse negative outcomes and (b) building health and wellness from the start and maintaining it thereafter. Recommendations for reducing diverse negative outcomes and end states reflect interconnections and bidirectional influences among physical, social–interpersonal, cognitive–academic, and “mental health” outcomes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health policy recommendations"

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Li, Xinzhu. "Policy Recommendations to Improve Health Care in China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1181.

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Since the economic reform in 1978, China’s health system moved from a commune-based system to a market-driven system. This drastic change resulted in various market failures, including cost inflation, perverse incentives for providers and supplier-induced demand for unnecessary care, increasing inequality in access across regions based on economic status, and other problems. Though China attempted to correct its policy mistakes and reform its inadequate and unjust health care system in order to provide basic universal health coverage for all over the past decade, not everyone has equal access to the same quality of affordable health care, especially the non-resident workers, the poor urban residents, and the rural population. This research uses the framework of the five intellectual tasks to assess the history of China’s health policies, the political economy factors that have driven and shaped the reform of China’s health system, the likely projections of policy options, and potential alternatives for policymakers.
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Elzarka, Mohamed. "Mental Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Situational Assessment and Policy Recommendations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554214413881192.

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Reiserer, Nikita. "Treatment Recommendations for Juvenile Offenders Following Mental Health Overview." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3645895.

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Investigation of the variations in aspirant juvenile probation officers' recommendations for a juvenile offender who may suffer from a mental health disorder was the purpose of this study. Two hypotheses were developed to test this purpose: a) there was a significant difference between the recommendations of mental health evaluations and b) there was a significant difference in the recommendations for a mental health evaluation prior to and after the mental health overview administered among two groups. A survey was administered to 13 undergraduate students with an aspiration to be juvenile probation officers. The survey consisted of a pretest and posttest questionnaire following a case vignette where a juvenile offender meeting the criteria for conduct disorder was described to measure if the mental health overview would increase the participant's likelihood of recommending a mental health evaluation. A Chi Square and McNemar Test were completed. The statistical analyses and implications are discussed.

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Gubernot, Diane M. "Occupational Heat-Related Mortality in the United States, 2000-2010| Epidemiology and Policy Recommendations." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3670444.

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Heat stress due to ambient outdoor temperatures is a workplace hazard that has not been well studied or characterized. The incidence of occupational heat-related illness is unknown. Heat-related morbidity and mortality have been well-studied at the population level, however it cannot be determined if these findings extend systematically to workers exposed to high heat conditions. Remarkably, there is no U.S. federal standard to protect workers from the peril of elevated environmental temperatures and few states have protective regulations. This dissertation research will add to the limited knowledge base of occupational heat-related illnesses, by characterizing worker fatalities due to environmental heat stress. Three independent, but related, research strategies were designed, executed, and completed to evaluate the current research, as well as knowledge gaps, and to thoroughly describe these fatalities based on available information.

This work was initiated with a thorough literature review to summarize research findings that characterize U.S. occupational heat-related morbidity and mortality and identify gaps in the existing research literature. This review of science, health, and medical databases found that few studies examine ambient heat stress or characterize the incidence of occupational heat-related illnesses and outcomes. Significantly more research examining the heterogeneity of worker and environmental risk factors to heat exposure is needed to identify unsafe working conditions and implement practical, evidence-based heat-stress policies and interventions. The subsequent study describes the epidemiological characteristics of heat-related deaths among workers in the U.S. from 2000 to 2010. Fatality data were obtained at the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the confidential on-site Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries database. Fatality rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by year, sex, age group, ethnicity, race, state, and industry. Between 2000 and 2010, 359 occupational heat-related deaths were identified in the U.S., for a yearly average fatality rate of 0.22 per 1 million workers. Highest rates were found among Hispanics, men, the agriculture and construction industries, the states of Mississippi and Arkansas, and very small establishments. This study provides the first comprehensive national profile of heat-related deaths in the U.S. workplace. Prevention efforts should be directed at small businesses, states, industries and individuals who may be at increased risk of heat stress.

Lastly, to further characterize these fatalities, research was performed to: 1) determine the ranges of heat index and temperature at which workers fatally succumb to environmental heat; 2) identify risk factors that may influence heat-related deaths; and 3) translate these findings to policy recommendations. The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and the National Climate Data Center were used to identify worker heat-related deaths in the U.S., 2000- 2010, and to assign a maximum daily temperature and heat index to each case. Demographic, meteorological, and geographical variables were analyzed to evaluate any differences in fatal heat exposure. The National Weather Service temperature alert tools, the Excessive Heat Event warning and the heat index category chart, were utilized to assess community threshold suitability for workers subjected to exertional heat stress. Of the 327 cases that qualified for the analysis, there were no differences found in mean temperatures and heat indexes between the sexes, races, age groups, ethnic groups, and industries. Southern workers died at significantly higher temperatures than workers in the North. This study supports the use of heat index and temperature as a guide when evaluating environmental conditions for workers.

Population-level heat index threshold alerts are unsuitable for preventing exertional heat stress and new warning systems should be developed. Since heat-related health hazards at work can be anticipated before they manifest, preventive measures can be implemented before illness occurs. With no federal regulatory standards to protect workers from environmental heat exposure, and with climate change as a driver for adaptation and prevention of heat disorders, it is increasing sensible and imperative for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to take action. National leadership is needed to promulgate regulations, develop new heat alert tools using the heat index as a metric, and promote state-specific occupational heat stress prevention policies.

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Beatty, Kate, Nathan Hale, and Michael Meit. "Issue Brief: Health Disparities Related to Smoking in Appalachia, Practical Strategies and Recommendations for Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6829.

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Throughout the Appalachian Region, smoking is a common health risk that contributes to significantly higher rates of tobacco-related disease and lower life expectancy compared to the rest of the United States. Drawing on the research presented in the health disparities and Bright Spot reports, this brief focuses on promising practices, intervention strategies, and policies aimed at reducing health disparities related to smoking. This brief: ■ summarizes statistics on smoking and related diseases in Appalachian communities, ■ discusses key strategies and resources for reducing tobacco use, and ■ provides recommendations for community leaders, funders, and policymakers. This brief discusses four recommendations in detail: 1. Prevent smoking initiation among youth. 2. Increase access to tobacco cessation interventions. 3. Launch anti-tobacco communication campaigns. 4. Reduce exposure to secondhand smoke.
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Beatty, Kate, Nathan Hale, and Michael Meit. "Issue Brief: Health Disparities Related to Obesity in Appalachia, Practical Strategies and Recommendations for Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6831.

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Obesity, which is both a chronic disease and a risk factor for other chronic diseases, contributes to higher rates of premature mortality in Appalachia. Drawing on research presented in the health disparities and Bright Spot reports, this brief focuses on promising practices, intervention strategies, and policies aimed at reducing health disparities related to obesity. This brief: ■ summarizes statistics on obesity and related disease in Appalachian communities, ■ discusses key strategies and resources for preventing and reducing obesity, and ■ provides recommendations for community leaders, funders, and policymakers. This brief discusses four recommendations in detail: 1. Establish healthy behaviors among children and youth to prevent childhood obesity. 2. Increase the availability of affordable healthy foods and beverages in communities. 3. Create safe communities that support physical activity. 4. Increase physical activity and healthy eating among adults.
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Beatty, Kate, Nathan Hale, and Michael Meit. "Issue Brief: Health Disparities Related to Opioid Misuse in Appalachia, Practical Strategies and Recommendations for Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6830.

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The Appalachian Region continues to experience higher rates of opioid misuse and overdose deaths than other parts of the country. While the impact of the burgeoning epidemic is being felt nationwide, states and counties within the Appalachian Region are particularly hard hit, with opioid overdose rates more than double national averages. Drawing on the research presented in the health disparities and Bright Spot reports, this brief: ■ summarizes statistics on opioid misuse and overdose deaths in Appalachian communities, ■ discusses key strategies and resources for addressing opioid misuse and overdose deaths, and ■ provides recommendations for community leaders, funders, and policymakers. This brief features promising practices, intervention strategies, and policy development and implementation ideas to reduce health disparities related to opioid misuse and overdose deaths. This brief discusses five recommendations in detail: 1. Prevent opioid misuse. 2. Increase access to treatment for opioid use disorder. 3. Implement harm reduction strategies to reduce the consequences of opioid use disorder. 4. Support long-term recovery of opioid use disorder. 5. Implement community-based solutions to prevent substance misuse.
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Kyrkander, Sara. "Traceability of Single-Use Medical Devices through the Hospital Supply Chain. Reflections and Recommendations for Implementation of Single-Use Medical Devices Traceability." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279140.

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There is an increased need for complete medical device traceability in the healthcare industry. The two main reasons are the healthcare industry's global supply chain and decentralised adverse events reporting, where different laws apply for each country and where each country has their own database for incidents without international governance. The idea of improving traceability procedures in the surgical department at Karolinska University Hospital was formed in the light of a near miss event where guidelines regarding incident management of a Single-Use Medical Device (SUMD) were not followed properly. Hence, this thesis project will investigate the issue of finding an effective way to trace SUMDs at Karolinska University Hospital, in order to improve the incident management process and suggest improvements of patient safety at other Swedish hospitals as well. The collection of data consisted of different data sources; observations at the research site and interviews with relevant participants. By employing multiple sources to this study, a more holistic approach could be achieved. In addition to observing the current situation of device registration, it was of importance to ask individuals with competence and different perspectives on the issue of traceability of SUMDs. To answer the research questions, the acquired data was categorized into the different identified cornerstones of traceability of SUMDs. These were registration process, perioperative supply chain and incidents management. Each section was divided into an investigation of the current process, issues and suggested improvements, in order to clearly answer to the research questions. Furthermore, these acquired answers and insights, from observations and interviews, were translated and summarized to form a basis for the results. Based on the data acquisition and compilation from the different perspectives, key findings and themes are presented in the results. The thesis proposal include a visual representation that show the physical flow of a SUMD from the point of being delivered to the hospital by the distributor, through different entities where registration occur, until it is either discarded or saved for incidents reporting. In order to avoid many of the current issues and to realize the acquired suggestions from this thesis, interoperability between the systems within the healthcare organization as well as between the different entities throughout the entire supply chain is an essential part of the solution, which should be further studied.
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Weishaar, Heide Beatrix. "Stakeholder engagement in European health policy : a network analysis of the development of the European Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11746.

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Background: With almost 80,000 Europeans estimated to die annually from the consequences of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and over a quarter of all Europeans being exposed to the toxins of cigarette smoke at work on a daily basis, SHS is a major European public health problem. Smoke-free policies, i.e. policies which ban smoking in public places and workplaces, are an effective way to reduce exposure. Policy options to reduce public exposure to SHS were negotiated by European Union (EU) decision makers between 2006 and 2009, resulting in the European Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments. A variety of stakeholders communicated their interests prior to the adoption of the policy. This thesis aims to analyse the engagement and collaboration of organisational stakeholders in the development of the Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments. Methods: The case study employs a mixed method approach to analyse data from policy documents, consultation submissions and qualitative interviews. Data from 176 consultation submissions serve as a basis to analyse the structure of the policy network using quantitative network analysis. In addition, data from these submissions, selected documents of relevance to the policy process and 35 in-depth interviews with European decision makers and stakeholders are thematically analysed to explore the content of the network and the engagement of and interaction between political actors. Results: The analysis identified a sharply polarised network which was largely divided into two adversarial advocacy coalitions. The two coalitions took clearly opposing positions on the policy initiative, with one coalition supporting and the other opposing comprehensive European smoke-free policy. The Supporters’ Alliance, although consisting of diverse stakeholders, including public health advocacy organisations, professional organisations, scientific institutions and pharmaceutical companies, was largely united by its members’ desire to protect Europeans from the harms caused by SHS and campaign for comprehensive European tobacco control policy. Seemingly coordinated and guided by an informal group of key individuals, alliance members made strategic decisions to collaborate and build a strong, cohesive force against the tobacco industry. The Opponents’ Alliance consisted almost exclusively of tobacco manufacturers’ organisations which employed a strategy of damage limitation and other tactics, including challenging the scientific evidence, critiquing the policy process and advancing discussions on harm reduction, to counter the development of effective tobacco control measures. The data show that the extent of tobacco company engagement was narrowed by the limited importance that industry representatives attached to opposing non-binding EU policy and by the companies’ struggle to overcome low credibility and isolation. Discussion: This study is the first that applies social network analysis to the investigation of EU public health policy and systematically analyses and graphically depicts a policy network in European tobacco control. The analysis corroborates literature which highlights the polarised nature of tobacco control policy and draws attention to the complex processes of information exchange, consensus-seeking and decision making which are integral to the development of European public health policy. The study identifies the European Union’s limited competence as a key factor shaping stakeholder engagement at the European level and presents the Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments as an example of the European Commission’s successful management of the policy process. An increased understanding of the policy network and the factors influencing the successful development of comprehensive European smoke-free policy can help to guide policymaking and public health advocacy in current European tobacco control debates and other areas of public health.
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Zhang, Zheng, and 张峥. "A review of factors influencing the uptake of annual influenza vaccination by older people and recommendation for policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4842738X.

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Backgrounds: Receive seasonal influenza vaccination is the most safe and effective way to prevent seasonal influenza and its complications. According to the WHO, the number of hospitalizations among older people due to influenza could be reduced by a ranged from 25% to 39% as a result of vaccination. It has also been revealed to reduce overall mortality rate of the influenza seasons by a range from 39% to 75%. Moreover, influenza vaccination protects almost 90% healthy adults against clinical disease in industrialized countries, under the precondition that the vaccine antigens and circulating viruses are well matched with each other. However, the prevalence of elderly Chinese people undertaking influenza vaccination is still sub optional, the percentage of which is 62.4%. Previous researches reveal that there are a number of reasons for non-compliance to influenza immunization, including the unfavorable side-effects, doubt to the effectiveness of the vaccine, the fear of needles, as well as unawareness of the seriousness of flu. These are all factors associated with personal willingness. Aims and objectives: The aims of this paper are to explore factors that influence vaccination rate in older people and to examine other countries’ experience to identify useful policies. The specific objectives are: 1. To identify from the published literature factors which contribute either positive or negative impacts on vaccination rates in older people. 2. To group these factors into appropriate categories. 3. To make suggestions on policies to improve vaccination rates based on the identified factors and other countries’ experience. Methods: Relevant publications were achieved through PUBMED. Search strategies as well as criteria for inclusion and exclusion had been predetermined and applied. Analysis includes both community perception factors and interpersonal factors. Results: 17 English literatures were reviewed, revealing predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination for and against, which could be grouped into four categories: Factors relate to demographic, factors relate to Health Belief Model, factors relate to social support, factors relate to advice and information being provided. Conclusion: According to this literature review, demographic factors, factors relate to Health Belief Model, social support and information being provided are revealed to be associated with the elders’ inclination to get influenza vaccination.
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Books on the topic "Health policy recommendations"

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New Mexico. Health Care Access Task Force. Report and recommendations. [Albuquerque, N.M.]: The Task Force, 1990.

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New York (State). AIDS Advisory Council. Policy recommendations on sex clubs. [Albany, N.Y: The Council, 1993.

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Commission, Maryland Health Resources Planning. Prevention and health promotion: Overview and recommendations. [Baltimore, Md.]: Maryland Health Resources Planning Commission, Division of Health Systems Planning, 1988.

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Davis, Sia. Promoting cardiovascular health in Indian country: Policy recommendations. Denver, Colorado: National Conference of State Legislatures, 2007.

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Commission, Washington Health Care. Draft interim recommendations. [Olympia, Wash.]: The Commission, 1992.

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Steering Committee to Develop a Texas Office of Prevention. Report and recommendations. [Austin, Tex.] (P.O. Box 12668, Austin 78711-2668): The Committee, 1988.

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Uganda. Health Policy Review Commission. Report and recommendations of the Health Policy Review Commission. [Kampala: s.n., 1987.

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Commission, Washington Health Care Project. Washington Health Care Commission draft interim recommendations. [Olympia, Wash.]: The Commission, 1991.

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Michigan. Legislature. House of Representatives. Republican Policy Committee. Task Force on Affordable Health Care for the Uninsured. Recommendations, July 19, 1990. Lansing, MI (P.O. Box 30014, Lansing 48909): House Republican Policy Committee, 1990.

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Michigan. Dept. of Public Health. Chronic Disease Advisory Committee. Cardiovascular Disease Subcommittee. Promoting cardiovascular health in Michigan: Recommendations for action. Lansing, Mich. (P.O. Box 14065, Lansing 48901): Michigan Association for Local Public Health, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health policy recommendations"

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Sato, Ryuzo, Elias Grivoyannis, Barbara Byrne, and Chengping Lian. "Concluding Remarks and Policy Recommendations." In Health Care Systems in Japan and the United States, 101–5. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6181-1_10.

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Saxena, Pallavi, and Saurabh Sonwani. "Policy Regulations and Future Recommendations." In Criteria Air Pollutants and their Impact on Environmental Health, 127–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9992-3_5.

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McDonnell, Roberta. "Conclusions and Recommendations for Policy and Practice." In Creativity and Social Support in Mental Health, 157–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137345486_10.

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Morrissey, Mary Beth Quaranta, Melissa Lang, and Barney Newman. "Policy recommendations for more compassionate elder care." In A Public Health Strategy for Living, Aging, and Dying in Solidarity, 195–208. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b20617-9.

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Svensson, P. G., and H. Zöllner. "Actions and Policy Recommendations. A WHO Perspective — European Region." In Unemployment, Social Vulnerability, and Health in Europe, 317–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83112-6_21.

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Banyard, Victoria, and Sherry Hamby. "The prevention portfolio model: Practice and policy recommendations." In Strengths-based prevention: Reducing violence and other public health problems., 281–309. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000267-011.

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Panwhar, Samina, and Beth Ann Fiedler. "Upstream Policy Recommendations for Pakistan’s Child Mortality Problem." In Translating National Policy to Improve Environmental Conditions Impacting Public Health Through Community Planning, 203–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75361-4_11.

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Hays, Sean A., Jason Scott Robert, Clark A. Miller, and Ira Bennett. "Recommendations for a Municipal Health & Safety Policy for Nanomaterials." In Nanotechnology, the Brain, and the Future, 333–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1787-9_19.

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Rao Seshadri, Shreelata, and Jyoti Ramakrishna. "A Health and Nutrition Framework for Primary Schools: Policy Recommendations." In Nutritional Adequacy, Diversity and Choice Among Primary School Children, 159–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3470-1_8.

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Kuriansky, Judy. "Psychosocial Recovery after Natural Disaster: International Advocacy, Policy, and Recommendations." In The Intersection of Trauma and Disaster Behavioral Health, 317–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51525-6_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Health policy recommendations"

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Harrington, JM, C. Griffin, and IJ Perry. "OP34 The INFORMAS healthy food environment policy index (Food EPI) in Ireland: an assessment of implementation gaps and priority recommendations." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.34.

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Khosroeva, Natalya, Larisa Mamsurova, Aida Begieva, and Zemfira Pashaeva. "Ecology, health, and human dynamics as dominants of innovative development." In Human resource management within the framework of realisation of national development goals and strategic objectives. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.yesa9674.

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The article is devoted to the problems of human resource management in the modern environment in the context of sustainable development of the region. The authors of the study suggest the need for a socio-economic policy in the North Ossetia-Alania and the Russian Federation, which will help to reduce the adverse effects of various environmental factors on human resources, demographics and health of the region. In conducting the study, the authors found that anthropogenic impacts lead to environmental problems of various kinds. The consequence of this is an increase in morbidity and natural loss of population characteristic of several regions of the country. The authors had taken account of the provisions that a decent quality of life, a healthy population, and thus a high level of human development can be ensured only if the natural environment is preserved and maintained at an appropriate quality. The main provisions of the article and the results presented are interesting for further theoretical substantiation, research and practical recommendations in the field of human resource management strategy development, their development and use. Allow to develop strategic decisions on the problems of formation and consistent implementation of a unified state and regional policy in the field of preservation of human resources, to implement the most ambitious programs aimed at improving public health and the environmental situation.
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Olagunju, Olasunkanmi Olusogo, and Ejekwu Pascal Andy. "Occupational Health and Safety Management and Employees’ Performance in Ardova Plc." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207080-ms.

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Abstract The vital purpose of this research work is to examine the impacts of occupational health and safety management on employee's performance. It aims to investigate the nexus between the practice of OHS, safe working environment and performance of employees. The research work adopt a descriptive approach to scrutinize the contributions of provision of adequate health and safety equipment to performance of employees at Ardova Plc. Aside collecting primary data from the staffs of Ardova Plc in Lagos State cutting across diverse socio-economic class, simple random sampling was utilised in the study using 90 questionnaires to collect the primary data. However, descriptive data was therefore analyzed using Statistical Tool to show the Cross-tabulation, correlation and Chi-Square Test. The research study concludes that practice of occupational health and safety management can boost employee performance, and further suggest some policy recommendations.
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Tabibzadeh, Maryam, and Najmedin Meshkati. "A Risk Analysis Study to Systematically Address the Critical Role of Human and Organizational Factors in Negative Pressure Test for the Offshore Drilling Industry: Policy Recommendations for HSE Specialists." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168559-ms.

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Ibrahim, Meram, Banan Mukhalalati, Majdoleen Al alawneh, and Ahmed Awaisu. "Qatar National Vision 2030." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0226.

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Introduction: The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. One of these goals describes achieving a Universal Health Coverage by 2030. This signifies workforce planning in healthcare professions (United Nations, 2015). The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) published reports about pharmacy workforce planning in several countries. However, data about Qatar was not included in these reports. In 2017, FIP developed a transformational roadmap of pharmaceutical workforce and education. One component of the roadmap is the Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (PWDGs) (International Pharmaceutical Federation, 2016). This research aims to conduct a self-assessment of the pharmaceutical workforce and education in Qatar in relation to the FIP’s PWDGs. This will be followed by prioritization of the identified gaps and recommendation of measures to address them. Methods: Three rounds of conventional Delphi technique (Hasson et al., 2000) are conducted with expert panels in the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University and the Ministry of Public Health, utilizing the FIP’s self-assessment survey. Content analysis is used to analyse and prioritize the identified gaps. Results: The lack of competency framework (PWDG5), workforce data (PWDG12), and workforce policy formation (PWDG13) are the three major gaps in the provision of pharmaceutical workforce and pharmacy education in Qatar, influencing other PWDGs. These gaps need to be addressed by the formation of Qatari Pharmaceutical Association through which academic, practice, and policymaking sectors can work together in developing a health workforce intelligence system. Conclusion: The results indicated that PWDGs are interrelated and a gap in one goal can negatively influence others (Bruno et al., 2018). Results and recommendations of this research will facilitate the implementation of strategic plans across leading pharmacy sectors to meet health needs in Qatar and achieve the third pillar of the Qatar National Vision 2030 “A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally” (General Secretariat for Development, 2008).
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Engel, Joachim, and Adalbert Wilhelm. "Data and Statistics as basis for political decisions: lessons to be learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic." In IASE 2021 Satellite Conference: Statistics Education in the Era of Data Science. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.qctta.

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The Covid-19 crisis has impressively raised the general awareness that our social coexistence and political decisions are essentially based on data, the weighing of risks and thus on probability estimates. This places high demands on the ability of health authorities, policy makers and the media to communicate statistical information as well as on the ability of citizens to understand these messages. In this paper we reflect on the role of scientific evidence in democratic societies and analyze selected illustrative examples of communicating evidence via visualizations and simulation, media reports, and expert’s statements. We identify venues and formats of communicating statistical information about the pandemics to the public that seems to be effective contrasting less helpful formats. We conclude by presenting recommendations for stakeholders in politics, media and statistics agencies on how to communicate empirical evidence to the public efficiently, released by the Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft Statistik, an umbrella organization of statistical associations in Germany.
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Giurgiutiu, Victor, and Adrián E. Méndez Torres. "Opportunities and Challenges for Structural Health Monitoring of Radioactive Waste Systems and Structures." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96195.

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Radioactive waste systems and structures (RWSS) are safety-critical facilities in need of monitoring over prolonged periods of time. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an emerging technology that aims at monitoring the state of a structure through the use of networks of permanently mounted sensors. SHM technologies have been developed primarily within the aerospace and civil engineering communities. This paper addresses the issue of transitioning the SHM concept to the monitoring of RWSS and evaluates the opportunities and challenges associated with this process. Guided wave SHM technologies utilizing structurally-mounted piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) have a wide range of applications based on both propagating-wave and standing-wave methodologies. Hence, opportunities exist for transitioning these SHM technologies into RWSS monitoring. However, there exist certain special operational conditions specific to RWSS such as: radiation field, caustic environments, marine environments, and chemical, mechanical and thermal stressors. In order to address the high discharge of used nuclear fuel (UNF) and the limited space in the storage pools the U.S. the Department of Energy (DOE) has adopted a “Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste” (January 2013). This strategy endorses the key principles that underpin the Blue Ribbon Commission’s on America’s Nuclear Future recommendations to develop a sustainable program for deploying an integrated system capable of transporting, storing, and disposing of UNF and high-level radioactive waste from civilian nuclear power generation, defense, national security, and other activities. This will require research to develop monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis tools that can aid to establish a strong technical basis for extended storage and transportation of UNF. Monitoring of such structures is critical for assuring the safety and security of the nation’s spent nuclear fuel until a national policy for closure of the nuclear fuel cycle is defined and implemented. In addition, such tools can provide invaluable and timely information for verification of the predicted mechanical performance of RWSS (e.g. concrete or steel barriers) during off-normal occurrence and accident events such as the tsunami and earthquake event that affected Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The ability to verify the conditions, health, and degradation behavior of RWSS over time by applying nondestructive testing (NDT) as well as development of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tools for new degradation processes will become challenging. The paper discusses some of the challenges associated to verification and diagnosis for RWSS and identifies SHM technologies which are more readily available for transitioning into RWSS applications. Fundamental research objectives that should be considered for the transition of SHM technologies (e.g., radiation hardened piezoelectric materials) for RWSS applications are discussed. The paper ends with summary, conclusions, and suggestions for further work.
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Simoes, Anabela, and Ling Suen. "Research Needs for a Quality Service Assessment Model of Inclusive Community Transport." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002455.

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IntroductionMobility is defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the freedom of movement from one place to another to conduct activities such as work, school, health, recreation, social or shopping. According to the 11th goal of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the UN at the 2015 General Assembly ”to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable”, accessible, reliable, safe, and comfortable transport services are required to serve multiple trip origins and destinations.This abstract discusses the research needs for the inclusion and equity in sustainable and resilient transport services by outlining the steps towards the development of a Quality Service Assessment Model (QSAM).Transport Services and Their Inherent Qualities Planning community transport services with people in mind requires the provision of a high-quality service embodying the following parameters:Inclusion – Inclusive transport should be open to all by offering accessible, safe, comfortable, and reliable services with human support along the travel chain.Equity – An equal distribution of resources by level and type of transport services should ensure that accessibility and affordability for everyone in the community are built into the operation.Sustainability - Every transport service should be sustainable, both in environmental and economic terms, by offering green travel modes, which are adaptable to critical situations and reliable in schedule adherence.Resilience – When disruptive incidences or accidents occur during travel, the transport system should have standby solutions to ensure trip completion under safe and comfortable conditions.The Quality Service Assessment Model The QSAM is built upon the dynamic interactions in forum discussions by the following three actors: the Users versus those of the Service Providers. The third actor group involved would be independent Stakeholders composed of experts in the fields of Mobility, Transportation, Human Factors, and Rehabilitation, and Academicians, as they will balance the idea exchanges, hopefully resulting in recommendations on service improvements towards the fulfillment of the users’ needs within the service providers’ budgetary and policy constraints.MethodologyMultidisciplinary research teams are required in carrying out the following steps of work:1. Classify targeted user groups according to their mobility limits;2. Define relevant travel scenarios supported by simulation tools;3. Collect qualitative data by means of Focus Groups discussions that address both the users’ perception of the service quality relative to their needs and expectations, versus the service providers’ awareness about gaps between the actual/planned services.4. Design new improvement solutions to fill the service gaps;5. Develop guidelines and recommendations towards inclusion and equity in sustainable and resilient transport services.ConclusionsThis QSAM aims at developing an approach for community transport services that match users’ needs and expectations. Each recommended solution should be designed and tested in a simulation environment. The resultant design guidelines together with policy recommendations, to be published and disseminated, should guide transport providers in achieving the targeted inclusive and equitable mobility in a sustainable and resilient community.
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Batman, Orhan, Mehmet Sarıışık, and Akif Gökçe. "What Constraints Do the Students have for Nutrition Habits? A Research on Higher Education Students." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01327.

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Heirs of future and potential tourists, students face with various difficulties during university period. The very primary step of physiological needs, eating habits and constraints, of such a wide audience who are supposed to be at the top of self-realization is an issue that is carefully be focused on. The aim of this study which tries to investigate Bartın Vocational School students’ tendency and constraints on nutrition is to search and identify daily main meals and snacks of students; to determine body-mass index on age basis;; and to evaluate the arguments whether interdependent variables such as economic level, place of residence and gender which are allegedly affect nutritional care have influence on food choice. This study is considered important because it assesses dietary habits and tendencies of consumers with different levels of opportunity and limited incomes. In this context, secondary data have been given in theoretical framework. Primary data, on the other hand, have been obtained through a questionnaire that is compiled from various sources. Research problem and hypotheses have been tested by parametric test Independent-Samples T Test and frequency analysis. As results of the research, the findings that students do not have adequate nutrition awareness though their body-mass index is in normal range; that they consume fast food particularly during the day; and that this situation leads to the so-called morbid obesity health problems have been discussed. In addition, policy recommendations and suggestions have been made in this regard.
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Bacon, Mick, Doug Ilett, and Andy Whittall. "Development of Joint Regulatory Guidance on the Management of Higher Activity Radioactive Wastes on Nuclear Licensed Sites." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16095.

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In 2006 the UK Governments response to recommendations by its Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM) established, in England and Wales, that geological disposal, supported by safe and secure interim storage, is the preferred route for the long-term management of higher-activity radioactive waste (i.e. that which is not suitable for near-surface disposal). It also gave the responsibility for delivering the programme for a deep geological repository to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). The Scottish Government has a policy of long term, near site, near surface safe and secure interim storage. To support the open and transparent approach promised by Government, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) are developing joint guidance on the management of higher-activity radioactive waste to explain regulatory objectives in securing safe and secure interim storage and the associated management of radioactive wastes. The guidance comes in two parts: • Guidance on the regulatory process; • Technical guidance modules. The guidance promotes a cradle to grave approach to radioactive waste management and by aligning the regulatory interests of environmental and safety regulators it delivers one of the Government’s “Better Regulation” objectives. This paper describes the process by which the joint guidance was produced with particular emphasis on stakeholder engagement. It describes the key features of the guidance, including the concept of the radioactive waste management case (RWMC). Finally the problems encountered with dissemination and implementation are discussed together with measures taken by the regulators to improve these aspects.
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Reports on the topic "Health policy recommendations"

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Bland, Gary, Lucrecia Peinado, and Christin Stewart. Innovations for Improving Access to Quality Health Care: The Prospects for Municipal Health Insurance in Guatemala. RTI Press, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0016.1712.

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Municipal insurance–a collective compact in which municipal government is the lead actor in designing, delivering, and supervising a health care financing arrangement—is considered by some Guatemalans as a potential new avenue for improving financial protection against rising costs and improved access to quality health care. This brief presents a political economy analysis of the prospects for the adoption of municipal insurance in Guatemala. Municipal insurance has so far been tried only once, in 2015, by the large suburban municipality of Villa Nueva. Drawing from the Villa Nueva experience, based on interviews with nearly 30 key informants, this brief examines the potential obstacles to municipal insurance reform as well as leading factors favoring its introduction. Consistent health ministry support and equity concerns are potential limitations, for example, while decentralization and the recent emergence of creative insurance products are likely to be supportive. This brief then concludes with consideration of the policy implications of such a reform. We also offer a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who may be looking to implement municipal insurance reform.
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Gillen, Emily, Olivia Berzin, Adam Vincent, and Doug Johnston. Certified Electronic Health Record Technology Under the Quality Payment Program. RTI Press, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0014.1801.

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The 2016 Quality Payment Program (QPP) is a Medicare reimbursement reform designed to incentivize value-based care over volume-based care. A core tenet of the QPP is integrated utilization of certified electronic health record technology (CEHRT). Adopting and implementing CEHRT is a resource-intensive process, requiring both financial capital and human capital (in the form of knowledge and time). Adoption can be especially challenging for small or rural practices that may not have access to such capital. In this issue brief, we discuss the role of CEHRT in the QPP and offer policy recommendations to help small and rural practices improve their health information technology (IT) capabilities with regards to participation in value-based care. The QPP requires practices to have health IT capabilities, both as a requirement for a complete performance score and to facilitate reporting. Practices that are unable to implement CEHRT will have difficulty complying with the new reimbursement system, and will likely incur financial losses. We recommend monetary support and staff training to small and rural practices for the adoption of CEHRT, and we recommend assistance to help practices comply with the requirements of the QPP and coordinate with other small and rural practices for reporting purposes.
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Savedoff, William, Pedro Bernal, Marcella Distrutti, Laura Goyoneche, and Carolina Bernal. Open configuration options Going Beyond Normal Challenges for Health and Healthcare in Latin America and the Caribbean Exposed by Covid-19. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004242.

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This technical note describes how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Latin America and the Caribbean, and considers the implications for future population health, health spending, healthcare service reforms, and investments to prepare for future health emergencies. It provides a summary of the few existing empirical studies and then contributes original analysis using administrative data from hospitals and vital registration systems in five countries. It shows substantial declines in health and healthcare delivery during the first year of the pandemic, especially for preventive and elective care. Some countries were able to return healthcare to historical levels, while others were still below average in 2021. The study concludes with reflections on how the pandemic has altered health policy recommendations for the region, generating a greater sense of urgency to make progress on long-standing agendas such as eliminating fragmentation, integrating care, and pursuing digital transformation while reordering priorities toward investments in emergency preparedness, disease surveillance, resilience, and self-sufficiency. In other words, going beyond normal.
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Lazdane, Gunta, Dace Rezeberga, Ieva Briedite, Elizabete Pumpure, Ieva Pitkevica, Darja Mihailova, and Marta Laura Gravina. Sexual and reproductive health in the time of COVID-19 in Latvia, qualitative research interviews and focus group discussions, 2020 (in Latvian). Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/lxku5a.

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Qualitative research is focused on the influence of COVID-19 pandemic and restriction measures on sexual and reproductive health in Latvia. Results of the anonymous online survey (I-SHARE) of 1173 people living in Latvia age 18 and over were used as a background in finalization the interview and the focus group discussion protocols ensuring better understanding of the influencing factors. Protocols included 9 parts (0.Introduction. 1. COVID-19 general influence, 2. SRH, 3. Communication with health professionals, 4.Access to SRH services, 5.Communication with population incl. three target groups 5.1. Pregnant women, 5.2. People with suspected STIs, 5.3.Women, who require abortion, 6. HIV/COVID-19, 7. External support, 8. Conclusions and recommendations. Data include audiorecords in Latvian of: 1) 11 semi-structures interviews with policy makers including representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in sexual and reproductive health, information and health service provision. 2) 12 focus group discussions with pregnant women (1), women in postpartum period (3) and their partners (3), people living with HIV (1), health care providers involved in maternal health care and emergency health care for women (4) (2021-02-18) Subject: Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health, COVID-19, access to services, Latvia
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Ray, Deepayan Basu. An African Response to COVID-19: From principled first response to just recovery. Oxfam, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7444.

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In November 2020 Oxfam and SOAS facilitated an online high-level event to bring together African and international policy and public-health professionals to discuss their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and offer insights into strategies and policies they have enacted in their respective contexts. Speakers tackled a wide range of issues, including government strategies and policies implemented, public health messaging and community engagement, varying threads of intersectionality and an honest discussion about gaps and additional support. This ‘outcomes’ paper draws out the key themes, trends and recommendations emerging from the discussions to inform a people-not-profit-centric Covid response.
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Townsend, John. Technical assistance for expanding contraceptive choice in India. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1017.

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One of the roles of the ANE OR/TA Project in India was to participate in policy dialogues with national counterparts, in the public sector and among NGOs, about expanding contraceptive choices, and to provide technical assistance for facilitating changes in service-delivery procedures. The public sector provides five contraceptive methods through its 11,500 hospitals and primary health care facilities. NGOs, private physicians, and pharmacies have access to a broader range of brands. While India is one of the world's leaders in contraceptive research, in recent years products have come to market slowly. New technology is often embraced, however the cost of contraceptive options is not trivial in the Indian context. As stated in this report, the OR Project became formally involved in the effort to expand contraceptive choices in 1993 at the request of the USAID Mission in India. The Secretary of Family Welfare supported concerns for quality and choice as part of the preparation for the International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo, September 1994. Similar recommendations were made during development of a draft national population policy.
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Sripad, Pooja. Exploring barriers and enablers of service provision for survivors of human trafficking in the Bay Area: An action research study. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1067.

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Despite increasing recognition of public health and rights issues associated with human trafficking globally and in the United States following the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, there has been limited research on how to systematically strengthen service access for survivors of sex and labor trafficking. The experience of service providers may provide insight into how trafficking survivor responses and service networks function in California’s Bay Area. This study explores provider perspectives on existing service networks and collaboration dynamics, including the barriers to and enablers of long-term service provision and survivor follow-up. A participatory research design included qualitative interviews with key informants working at nongovernmental organizations, organizational website reviews, and consultation with network service providers in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area. This study approach allowed for eliciting in-depth reflections of service provision, collective generation of stakeholder mapping, and consensus-driven recommendations arising from barriers and enablers to anti-trafficking service provision. This report enhances stakeholder awareness of existing organizational and policy resources and offers insights into research and programming on how anti-trafficking service response networks can be strengthened to provide survivor-centric support in the long-term.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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9

Ruzante, Juliana M., Ellen Thomas Shumaker, Sidney Holt, Susan Mayer, Adam Kokotovich, Maude Cuchiara, Andrew R. Binder, Jennifer Kuzma, and Khara Grieger. Eliciting Stakeholder Perceptions Using a Novel Online Engagement Platform: A Case Study on Nano-Agrifoods. RTI Press, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0071.2201.

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Stakeholder engagement is an important component in developing policies on critical issues such as the use and development of novel methods and technologies, including biotechnologies and nanotechnologies. Understanding the perspectives, needs, and concerns of stakeholder groups can facilitate the development of transparent and trusted policy recommendations. Innovative online research platforms have been developed as alternatives to typical stakeholder engagement methods such as in-person focus groups, interviews, and online and paper surveys. These platforms facilitate the engagement of geographically and linguistically (i.e., individuals who speak different languages) diverse stakeholders using a wide range of methods, from virtual focus groups to surveys. Stakeholders can participate at their own leisure and anonymously, which can facilitate more open interactions on issues where viewpoints may differ. In this work, we used an online stakeholder engagement platform (OSEP) to engage stakeholders and capture their perceptions and views about the application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture (nano-agrifood) and the role of responsible innovation in the development of nano-agrifood products. The OSEP provided a reliable and interactive environment for stakeholders to share their views and exchange ideas. Such OSEPs should be further explored as novel tools for engaging stakeholders on a range of issues from emerging technologies to public health.
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10

Friedler, Haley S., Michelle B. Leavy, Eric Bickelman, Barbara Casanova, Diana Clarke, Danielle Cooke, Andy DeMayo, et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Data Use and Governance Toolkit. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressiontoolkit.

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Executive Summary Patient registries are important tools for advancing research, improving healthcare quality, and supporting health policy. Registries contain vast amounts of data that could be used for new purposes when linked with other sources or shared with researchers. This toolkit was developed to summarize current best practices and provide information to assist registries interested in sharing data. The contents of this toolkit were developed based on review of the literature, existing registry practices, interviews with registries, and input from key stakeholders involved in the sharing of registry data. While some information in this toolkit may be relevant in other countries, this toolkit focuses on best practices for sharing data within the United States. Considerations related to data sharing differ across registries depending on the type of registry, registry purpose, funding source(s), and other factors; as such, this toolkit describes general best practices and considerations rather than providing specific recommendations. Finally, data sharing raises complex legal, regulatory, operational, and technical questions, and none of the information contained herein should be substituted for legal advice. The toolkit is organized into three sections: “Preparing to Share Data,” “Governance,” and “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests.” The section on “Preparing to Share Data” discusses the role of appropriate legal rights to further share the data and the need to follow all applicable ethical regulations. Registries should also prepare for data sharing activities by ensuring data are maintained appropriately and developing policies and procedures for governance and data sharing. The “Governance” section describes the role of governance in data sharing and outlines key governance tasks, including defining and staffing relevant oversight bodies; developing a data request process; reviewing data requests; and overseeing access to data by the requesting party. Governance structures vary based on the scope of data shared and registry resources. Lastly, the section on “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests” discusses the operational steps involved in sharing data. Policies and procedures for sharing data may depend on what types of data are available for sharing and with whom the data can be shared. Many registries develop a data request form for external researchers interested in using registry data. When reviewing requests, registries may consider whether the request aligns with the registry’s mission/purpose, the feasibility and merit of the proposed research, the qualifications of the requestor, and the necessary ethical and regulatory approvals, as well as administrative factors such as costs and timelines. Registries may require researchers to sign a data use agreement or other such contract to clearly define the terms and conditions of data use before providing access to the data in a secure manner. The toolkit concludes with a list of resources and appendices with supporting materials that registries may find helpful.
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