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Zhang, Yi, Tao Shi, Ai-Jun Wang, and Qi Huang. "Air Pollution, Health Shocks and Labor Mobility." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031382.
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The health shocks caused by air pollution seriously interfere with people’s economic life. Based on the air pollution index and health shock index calculated by the principal component entropy weight method, this article analyzes the impact of air pollution on labor mobility, and adopts the mediation effect model to test the mediation effect of health shocks, using the threshold model to analyze the time and the health shocks threshold effect of air pollution on labor mobility. Its conclusions are as follows: (1) Air pollution has a negative impact on the net inflow of labor mobility, and the net inflow of labor mobility decreases between 24.9% and 44.7% on average for each unit increase in the health shocks of air pollution. (2) The impact of air pollution on labor mobility is all caused by health shocks; the health shocks are also an important factor influencing the decrease in the labor mobility supply across provinces, and the different health levels of the migrating individuals due to air pollution. (3) The health shocks of air pollution have a single-time threshold effect on labor mobility, and the health shocks of air pollution in China have intensified after 2010, confirming that China’s Lewis turning point was 2010. (4) The attraction effect of stable and higher regional real income will partially offset the repulsion effect of health shocks of air pollution on labor mobility, when the health-shocks index of air pollution exceeds the threshold value of 1.9873. Finally, the policy implications of the health shocks of air pollution on labor mobility are also formulated.
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Macri, E. M., J. A. Lewis, K. M. Khan, M. C. Ashe, and N. A. de Morton. "The de Morton Mobility Index: Normative Data for a Clinically Useful Mobility Instrument." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/353252.
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Determining mobility status is an important component of any health assessment for older adults. In order for a mobility measure to be relevant and meaningful, normative data are required for comparison to a healthy reference population. The DEMMI is the first mobility instrument to measure mobility across the spectrum from bed bound to functional levels of independent mobility. In this cross-sectional observational study, normative data were obtained for the DEMMI from a population of 183 healthy, community-dwelling adults age 60+ who resided in Vancouver, Canada and Melbourne, Australia. Older age categories had significantly lower DEMMI mobility mean scores (P<0.05), as did individuals who walked with a mobility aid or lived in semi-independent living (assisted living or retirement village), whereas DEMMI scores did not differ by sex (P=0.49) or reported falls history (P=0.21). Normative data for the DEMMI mobility instrument provides vital reference scores to facilitate its use across the mobility spectrum in clinical, research, and policymaking settings.
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Rubin, Alan M., and Rebecca B. Rubin. "Contextual Age as a Life-Position Index." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 23, no. 1 (July 1986): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tc78-l2wt-hu1a-kmb7.
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A contextual age construct was developed and examined as a transactional, life-position index of aging. The eighteen-item contextual age index included six interrelated dimensions: physical health, interpersonal interaction, mobility, life satisfaction, social activity, and economic security. In addition to the development of the index, associations among contextual age and sociodemographic characteristics were examined for a sample of 640 persons. Chronological age was correlated negatively with mobility and physical health, and positively with economic security, life satisfaction, and interpersonal interaction. Mobility, economic security, life satisfaction, physical health, and interpersonal interaction discriminated between chronological age groups. Interpersonal interaction, economic security, physical health, and social activity were predictors of life satisfaction. The contextual age construct raises questions concerning several negative myths about aging. The findings reflect the weak validity of chronological age as a unidimensional indicator of life-position and well-being.
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de Morton, Natalie A., Megan Davidson, and Jennifer L. Keating. "The de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI): An essential health index for an ageing world." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 6, no. 1 (2008): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-6-63.
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Samia Shafiq and Nazia Yazdanie. "Effects of acrylic removable partial dentures on periodontal health of abutment teeth." Professional Medical Journal 29, no. 03 (February 28, 2022): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.03.6109.
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Objective: To assess the outcomes in patients wearing particularly designed acrylic removable partial dentures at different time intervals. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series Study. Setting: Department of Prosthodontics, FMH College of Dentistry, Lahore. Period: October 2017 to April, 2018. Material & Methods: Sixty five (65) abutments of acrylic removable partial denture wearers were included in the study for assessment of Mean Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Tooth Mobility (TM) and Mean Gingival Index (GI). These periodontal parameters were clinically assessed at the day of insertion, 30th day and 60th day of insertion. Mean Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) was measured by William’s Probe. Tooth Mobility (TM) was assessed using Miller’s Classification. Gingival health was evaluated using the Gingival Index (GI) of Loe and Silness. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for patient’s age and all the periodontal scores of abutment teeth. Data was stratified for age and gender to identify the effect modifiers. Pearson chi-square test was used for Mean Gingival Index, and Mean Tooth Mobility. Post-stratification student t-test for Mean Clinical Attachment Level was used to compare the results with p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant. Results: Sstatistically insignificant results for all the periodontal parameters, i.e. the Mean Gingival Index (GI), Tooth Mobility (TM) and Mean Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were observed, age being not influencing the periodontal health of abutments. The only statistically significant (p= 0.01) result was observed for the Tooth Mobility (TM) in gender categories at the day of insertion and the 30th day of insertion. Conclusion: All the periodontal parameters, except tooth mobility (TM) assessed in the study, were not affected by the acrylic removable partial denture wearing.
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TÖRNVALL, EVA, JAN MARCUSSON, and EWA WRESSLE. "Health-related quality of life in relation to mobility and fall risk in 85-year-old people: a population study in Sweden." Ageing and Society 36, no. 9 (August 11, 2015): 1982–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000896.
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ABSTRACTOptimal mobility is fundamental for healthy ageing and quality of life. This study is part of a cross-sectional population-based study of 85-year-old people residing in Linköping municipality, Sweden. The purpose was to describe 85-year-old peoples' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to mobility and fall risk while adjusting for gender and body mass index. Data collection included a postal questionnaire, a home visit and a reception visit. HRQoL was assessed with EQ-5D-3L, mobility with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and fall risk with the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI). All those who completed the DFRI, TUG and EQ-5D-3L were included in the present study (N = 327). Lower HRQoL was associated with longer time taken to complete TUG and higher fall risk in both genders but not with body mass index. Women had higher risk of falling, took a longer time to complete TUG and reported less physical activity compared with men. Health-care professionals should address mobility capacity and fall risk in order to maintain quality of life in elderly people. This is of utmost importance, especially for elderly women because impaired mobility, high risk of falling and occurrence of pain are common among women, and related to lower HRQoL.
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Chopp-Hurley, Jaclyn N., Emily G. Wiebenga, Heather H. Keller, and Monica R. Maly. "Diet and Nutrition Risk Affect Mobility and General Health in Osteoarthritis: Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 11 (November 24, 2019): 2147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz277.
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Abstract Background This study examined whether aspects of diet and nutrition risk explain variance in physical capacity and general health, after controlling for covariates, in Canadian adults with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods This was a cross-sectional study of baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Data from 1,404 participants with hand, hip, and/or knee OA were included. A series of regression analyses were conducted with independent variables of food intake (fiber and high calorie snack intake) and nutrition risk; and dependent variables of physical capacity and general health. Physical capacity was characterized through grip strength and a pooled index of four mobility tests. General health was characterized through an index of self-reported general health, mental health, and healthy aging. Results Higher fiber intake was related to greater mobility (p = .01). Food intake was not related to any other outcome. Nutrition risk was significantly associated with mobility (p < .001) and general health (p < .001); those with a high nutrition risk classification had poorer general health (p < .001, d = 0.65) than those at low nutrition risk. As well, those with moderate nutrition risk had poorer general health than those with low nutrition risk (p = .001, d = 0.31). Conclusions Nutrition risk screening for older adults with OA provides insight into behavioral characteristics associated with reduced mobility and poorer general health. Also, those consuming greater amounts of fiber demonstrated better mobility. Thus, this research suggests that quality of diet and nutritional behaviors can impact both physical and mental aspects of health in those with OA.
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Periyasamy, Aravind Gandhi, and U. Venkatesh. "Population Mobility, Lockdowns, and COVID-19 Control: An Analysis Based on Google Location Data and Doubling Time from India." Healthcare Informatics Research 27, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4258/hir.2021.27.4.325.
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Objectives: Physical distancing is a control measure against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lockdowns are a strategy to enforce physical distancing in urban areas, but they are drastic measures. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of the lockdown measures taken in the world’s second-most populous country, India, by exploring their relationship with community mobility patterns and the doubling time of COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis based on community mobility patterns, the stringency index of lockdown measures, and the doubling time of COVID-19 cases in India between February 15 and April 26, 2020. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the stringency index, community mobility patterns, and the doubling time of COVID-19 cases. Multiple linear regression was applied to predict the doubling time of COVID-19.Results: Community mobility drastically fell after the lockdown was instituted. The doubling time of COVID-19 cases was negatively correlated with population mobility patterns in outdoor areas (r = –0.45 to –0.58). The stringency index and outdoor mobility patterns were also negatively correlated (r = –0.89 to –0.95). Population mobility patterns (R2 = 0.67) were found to predict the doubling time of COVID-19, and the model’s predictive power increased when the stringency index was also added (R2 = 0.73).Conclusions: Lockdown measures could effectively ensure physical distancing and reduce short-term case spikes in India. Therefore, lockdown measures may be considered for tailored implementation on an intermittent basis, whenever COVID-19 cases are predicted to exceed the health care system’s capacity to manage.
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Braun, T., R. J. Schulz, M. Hoffmann, J. Reinke, L. Tofaute, C. Urner, H. Krämer, T. Bock, N. de Morton, and C. Grüneberg. "Deutsche Version des De Morton Mobility Index." Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 48, no. 2 (November 13, 2014): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00391-014-0648-3.
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Widyasari, Vita, Chiachi Bonnie Lee, Kuan-Han Lin, Atina Husnayain, Emily Chia-Yu Su, and Jiun-Yi Wang. "Effects of the Government Response and Community Mobility on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southeast Asia." Healthcare 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10102003.
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Preventive policies and mobility restrictions are believed to work for inhibiting the growth rate of COVID-19 cases; however, their effects have rarely been assessed and quantified in Southeast Asia. We aimed to examine the effects of the government responses and community mobility on the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asian countries. The study extracted data from Coronavirus Government Response Tracker, COVID-19 Community Mobility Report, and Our World in Data between 1 March and 31 December 2020. The government responses were measured by containment, health, and economic support index. The community mobility took data on movement trends at six locations. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used for bi-monthly analyses in each country. Results show that the community mobility generally followed government responses, especially the containment index. The path coefficients of government responses to community mobility ranged from −0.785 to −0.976 in March to April and −0.670 to −0.932 in May to June. The path coefficients of community mobility to the COVID-19 cases ranged from −0.058 to −0.937 in March to April and from −0.059 to −0.640 in September to October. It suggests that the first few months since the mobility restriction implemented is the optimal time to control the pandemic.
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Basrowi, Ray Wagiu, Levina Chandra Koe, and Tonny Sundjaya. "Investing in adult nutrition to reduce mobility problems in ageing population." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.i2.0003.
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As people age, most body organs deteriorate. Osteoporosis, arthritis, sarcopenia, muscle aches, low back pain and neuropathy are common mobility issues in the elderly. Body mass index (BMI), physical inactivity, and having comorbidities increase the likelihood to have mobility health problems. One in every ten adults over the age of 45 years in Indonesia develops these mobility problems, and one in every fifteen adults has difficulty in walking/stepping before entering the elderly age. Nutrition has been reported to have important role in controlling weight and physical locomotive organs. Generally, 46% adults in Indonesia have vitamin A deficiency, 70% vitamin C deficiency, 77% vitamin E deficiency, and inadequate calcium intake. Low nutrition intake can result in increasing mobility problems that lead to health issues in the aging population. Dietary strategies are necessary to achieve healthy ageing. Currently, no standardized guideline has been developed for preventing mobility health problems in Indonesia. This calls for urgent need to hinder poor quality of life in elderly population.
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Bray, Nathan, Niina Kolehmainen, Jennifer McAnuff, Louise Tanner, Lorna Tuersley, Fiona Beyer, Aimee Grayston, et al. "Powered mobility interventions for very young children with mobility limitations to aid participation and positive development: the EMPoWER evidence synthesis." Health Technology Assessment 24, no. 50 (October 2020): 1–194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24500.
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Background One-fifth of all disabled children have mobility limitations. Early provision of powered mobility for very young children (aged < 5 years) is hypothesised to trigger positive developmental changes. However, the optimum age at which to introduce powered mobility is unknown. Objective The aim of this project was to synthesise existing evidence regarding the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of powered mobility for very young children, compared with the more common practice of powered mobility provision from the age of 5 years. Review methods The study was planned as a mixed-methods evidence synthesis and economic modelling study. First, evidence relating to the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and anticipated outcomes of paediatric powered mobility interventions was reviewed. A convergent mixed-methods evidence synthesis was undertaken using framework synthesis, and a separate qualitative evidence synthesis was undertaken using thematic synthesis. The two syntheses were subsequently compared and contrasted to develop a logic model for evaluating the outcomes of powered mobility interventions for children. Because there were insufficient published data, it was not possible to develop a robust economic model. Instead, a budget impact analysis was conducted to estimate the cost of increased powered mobility provision for very young children, using cost data from publicly available sources. Data sources A range of bibliographic databases [Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE™ (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence (OTseeker), Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), PsycINFO, Science Citation Index (SCI; Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, PA, USA), Social Sciences Citation Index™ (SSCI; Clarivate Analytics), Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (CPCI-S; Clarivate Analytics), Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH; Clarivate Analytics), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database and OpenGrey] was systematically searched and the included studies were quality appraised. Searches were carried out in June 2018 and updated in October 2019. The date ranges searched covered from 1946 to September 2019. Results In total, 89 studies were included in the review. Only two randomised controlled trials were identified. The overall quality of the evidence was low. No conclusive evidence was found about the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of powered mobility in children aged either < 5 or ≥ 5 years. However, strong support was found that powered mobility interventions have a positive impact on children’s movement and mobility, and moderate support was found for the impact on children’s participation, play and social interactions and on the safety outcome of accidents and pain. ‘Fit’ between the child, the equipment and the environment was found to be important, as were the outcomes related to a child’s independence, freedom and self-expression. The evidence supported two distinct conceptualisations of the primary powered mobility outcome, movement and mobility: the former is ‘movement for movement’s sake’ and the latter destination-focused mobility. Powered mobility should be focused on ‘movement for movement’s sake’ in the first instance. From the budget impact analysis, it was estimated that, annually, the NHS spends £1.89M on the provision of powered mobility for very young children, which is < 2% of total wheelchair service expenditure. Limitations The original research question could not be answered because there was a lack of appropriately powered published research. Conclusions Early powered mobility is likely to have multiple benefits for very young children, despite the lack of robust evidence to demonstrate this. Age is not the key factor; instead, the focus should be on providing developmentally appropriate interventions and focusing on ‘movement for movement’s sake’. Future work Future research should focus on developing, implementing, evaluating and comparing different approaches to early powered mobility. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018096449. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 50. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Sheykhi-Dolagh, Roghaye, Hassan Saeedi, Behshid Farahmand, Mojtaba Kamyab, Mohammad Kamali, Hossein Gholizadeh, Amir A. Derayatifar, and Sarah Curran. "The influence of foot orthoses on foot mobility magnitude and arch height index in adults with flexible flat feet." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 39, no. 3 (March 6, 2014): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614521652.
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Background:Flexible flat foot is described as a reduction in the height of the medial longitudinal arch and may occur from abnormal foot pronation. A foot orthosis is thought to modify and control excessive pronation and improve arch height.Objective:To compare the immediate effect of three types of orthoses on foot mobility and the arch height index in subjects with flexible flat feet.Study design:A quasi-experimental study.Method:The dorsal arch height, midfoot width, foot mobility and arch height index were assessed in 20 participants with flexible flat feet (mean age = 23.2 ± 3 years) for three different foot orthosis conditions: soft, semi-rigid and rigid University of California Biomechanics Laboratory (UCBL).Results:Maximum midfoot width at 90% with arch mobility in the coronal plane was shown in the semi-rigid orthosis condition. The semi-rigid orthosis resulted in the highest mean foot mobility in 90% of weight bearing, and the rigid orthosis (UCBL) had the lowest mean foot mobility. The soft orthosis resulted in foot mobility between that of the rigid and the semi-rigid orthosis. UCBL orthosis showed the highest arch height index, and the semi-rigid orthosis showed the lowest mean arch height index.Conclusion:Due to its rigid structure and long medial–lateral walls, the UCBL orthosis appears to limit foot mobility. Therefore, it is necessary to make an orthosis that facilitates foot mobility in the normal range of the foot arch. Future studies should address the dynamic mobility of the foot with using various types of foot orthoses.Clinical relevanceAlthough there are many studies focussed on flat foot and the use of foot orthoses, the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study explored foot mobility and the influence of foot orthoses and showed that a more rigid foot orthosis should be selected based on foot mobility.
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Manzotti, Andrea, Sonia Zanini, Sofia Colaceci, Niccolò Giovannini, Agnese Antonioli, Alice Ziglioli, Francesco Frontani, and Giovanni Galeoto. "Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Pregnancy Mobility Index for the Italian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101971.
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Introduction: Pregnancy is a specific condition that modifies the mobility of women. In this population, it seems important to use specific tools to properly assess them. The Pregnancy Mobility Index (PMI) was created in 2006 with the aim of assessing mobility in pregnant women. The goal of this study was to translate, adapt, and evaluate the statistical properties of the questionnaire in the Italian pregnant population. Methods: The PMI underwent translation and transcultural adaptation. Reliability and concurrent validity, compared to the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), was investigated on a sample of pregnant women. An ANOVA was performed to detect differences in the PMI score considering the Body Mass Index (BMI) and age of the sample. Results: The PMI was forward translated, back translated, and transculturally adapted. A consensus meeting accepted the final version of the questionnaire. The PMI was given to 93 pregnant women. PMI showed excellent reliability for every item and the total score (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.945). Concurrent validity compared with ODI items 2–9 was strong considering the total score, with r = 0.726, but moderate comparing the first item of the ODI and the total score of the PMI, r = 470, and considering the total score of both questionnaires (r = 0.683). The ANOVA showed statistical difference in pregnant women with lower BMI for every subscale and total score of PMI (p = 0.009) and for outdoor mobility considering age (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The PMI seems to be a valid and reliable tool to assess mobility in the pregnant population. Pregnant women with a lower BMI showed a greater mobility score in the PMI. In turn, younger pregnant women presented a lower mobility score compared to older pregnant women.
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Doss, Arockia Xavier. "Quality of life after out of hospital interventional orthopaedic & regenerative medicine procedures in an integrated service delivery model." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v6i3.1503.
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Background & Aim: Out of hospital interventional orthopaedic and regenerative medicine (IORM) procedures are a new addition to the subspecialty of interventional radiology. This study aimed to assess health outcomes following IORM procedures in an outpatient integrated service delivery model in clinical practice.Methods: Retrospective study of all patients who completed the pre- and post-procedure EuroQol 5D5L questionnaire over a 6 month period.Results: Forty-eight patients (age range=32-89, mean=60.5, median=63.5 years) were eligible. Mean and median pre-treatment EQ5D5L index values of 0.53 and 0.61(range: -0.248 to 0.879, SD: 0.28, 95% CI: [0.45, 0.61]) improved to 0.73 and 0.73 (range: 0.414-1.0; SD: 0.13, 95% CI [0.69, 0.76]) (p < 0.01, Cohen ‘d’ = 0.93) post-treatment. Improvements in ‘no problems’ in each health dimension were: pain (mathematical infinity), mobility (109%), usual activities (137.5%), self- care (56%), anxiety/depression (23.3%). Reductions in ‘any problems’ in each dimension of health were: pain (-14.5%), mobility (-32%), usual activities (-27.5%), self-care (-60.87%), anxiety/depression (-38.8%). Pre-treatment, a strong negative correlation between EQ5D5L index values versus mobility levels (r = -0.67, p < 0.01) and versus usual activities (r = -0.62, p < 0.01) was present. Post-treatment, a strong negative correlation between EQ5D5L index scores versus pain level (r = -0.68, p <0.01) and versus mobility (r = -0.75, p <0.01) was present.Conclusion: Significant improvements in all health dimensions with a large treatment effect was shown following outpatient IORM procedures in an integrated interventional radiology service delivery model. Improvements in mobility and pain were the most important determinants of health.
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Wilkinson, Lindsay R., Tetyana P. Shippee, and Kenneth F. Ferraro. "Does Occupational Mobility Influence Health among Working Women? Comparing Objective and Subjective Measures of Work Trajectories." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53, no. 4 (November 6, 2012): 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146512462889.
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Occupational mobility is highly valued in American society, but is it consequential to women’s health? Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results, but most measured occupational mobility by identifying transitions across occupational categories. Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, this study (1) compares objective and subjective measures of work trajectories and (2) examines the contributions of each to self-rated health. With 36 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women (1967-2003), growth curve models are used to estimate the effects of middle-aged work trajectories on health among 2,503 U.S. women. Work trajectories as measured by the Duncan Socioeconomic Index predict health, but not after adjustment for perceived work trajectories and status characteristics. The findings reveal that subjective measures of occupational mobility provide important information for assessing health consequences of work transitions and that downward occupational mobility in middle age is deleterious to women’s health in later life.
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KRZYŻANOWSKA, MONIKA, and C. G. NICHOLAS MASCIE-TAYLOR. "BIOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF INTER-GENERATIONAL SOCIAL MOBILITY IN A BRITISH COHORT." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 4 (February 21, 2013): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000035.
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SummaryThe relationship between inter-generational social mobility of sons and daughters between 1958 and 1991 and biosocial variables, i.e. birth order, number of children in family, father's social class, region, educational attainment of child and father, educational and cognitive test scores (reading, mathematics, verbal and non-verbal IQ tests), was studied in a large British cohort study. The data used were collected as part of the British National Child Development Study (NCDS). The extent of social class mobility was determined inter-generationally and was categorized as none (no change in social class between the father's and index child's social class), upwardly mobile (where the index child moved up one or more social classes compared with their father) or downwardly mobile (where the index child moved down one or more social classes compared with their father). All of the biosocial variables were associated with social mobility when analysed separately. Multivariate analyses revealed that the most significant predictor of mobility categories in both sexes was education of the cohort member, followed by social class of the father. In both sexes mathematics score was a significant predicator, while in sons reading and non-verbal IQ scores were also important predictors. In the light of these results, it appears that social mobility in Britain takes place largely on meritocratic principles.
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Rodrigues, Ivana Rios, Luiz Belino Ferreira Sales, Mônica Oliveira Batista Oriá, Maria Luziene de Sousa Gomes, and Nádya dos Santos Moura. "Impact on pregnant/parturient women's health resulting from displacement between residence and health service." Rev Rene 22 (February 23, 2021): e61115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212261115.
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Objective: to analyze the impact on pregnant/parturient women's obstetric and neonatal outcomes resulting from displacement between homes and health services. Methods: an integrative review was carried out in August 2020 on the following databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed, Science Direct and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature/Virtual Health Library, using controlled descriptors and keywords. Besides, a quantitative descriptive analysis of the main results was performed using the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. Results: the sample resulted in 20 articles. It was evidenced that the mobility of women is hampered by distance between home and health services, precarious transport, and living in socioeconomically disadvantaged places. Conclusion: difficulty in mobility is a crucial factor that explains the adverse maternal and neonatal impact.
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Machado, Pedro, Robert Landewé, Jürgen Braun, Kay-Geert A. Hermann, Xenofon Baraliakos, Daniel Baker, Ben Hsu, and Désirée van der Heijde. "A stratified model for health outcomes in ankylosing spondylitis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 70, no. 10 (July 25, 2011): 1758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2011.150037.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between several health outcomes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsBaseline pretreatment data from 214 patients with AS participating in the AS Study for the Evaluation of Recombinant Infliximab Therapy were analysed. Measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical function were used as dependent variables in linear regression analysis. Associations between HRQoL (36-Item Short Form (SF-36)), physical function, clinical disease activity, spinal mobility, structural damage, MRI inflammation, disease duration, age, gender, body mass index and HLA-B27 were explored. Univariate associations were retested in multivariate models. The robustness of the models was evaluated by sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe physical component of SF-36 was independently associated with measures of physical function and disease activity (adjusted R2 (adjR2)=0.39–0.40). The mental component of SF-36 was independently associated with physical function (adjR2=0.07). Physical function was independently associated with measures of spinal mobility and disease activity (adjR2=0.39–0.45). Spinal mobility was hierarchically shown to be an intermediate variable between structural damage and physical function, while physical function was shown to be intermediate between spinal mobility and the physical component of SF-36.ConclusionAccording to the proposed stratified model for health outcomes in AS, HRQoL is determined by physical function and disease activity, physical function is determined by spinal mobility and disease activity, and spinal mobility is determined by structural damage and inflammation of the spine. As more is learnt about how to measure AS, knowledge about the disease improves and better decisions can be made on the assessment and treatment of this disease.
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Khan, Fayaz, Sami Abusharha, Aljowhara Alfuraidy, Khadeeja Nimatallah, Raghad Almalki, Rafa’a Basaffar, Mawada Mirdad, Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan, and Reem Basuodan. "Prediction of Factors Affecting Mobility in Patients with Stroke and Finding the Mediation Effect of Balance on Mobility: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 16612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416612.
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(1) Background: Regaining mobility after stroke is essential to facilitate patient independency in activities of daily living. Predicting post-stroke mobility is clinically important and plays a significant part in rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study is to find the factors affecting mobility in patients with stroke and to analyze the mediation effect of balance on mobility. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study included forty-one patients with stroke averaging an age of 57.2 ± 88.6. The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) was used for measuring the mobility, Timed Up and Go (TUG) to measure the walking speed, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess the balance and a handheld dynamometer (HHD) was used for measuring the isometric strength of the ankle and knee. (3) Results: In regression analysis balance (β=0.58; p≤ 0.0001) and walking speed (β=−0.27; p=0.04) were the significant factors predicting mobility. (4) Conclusions: Balance and gait speed were the factors that influenced mobility in stroke patients, indicating the utility of measuring these aspects in order to provide appropriate rehabilitation programs.
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Xu, Paiheng, Mark Dredze, and David A. Broniatowski. "The Twitter Social Mobility Index: Measuring Social Distancing Practices With Geolocated Tweets." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e21499. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21499.
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Background Social distancing is an important component of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Minimizing social interactions and travel reduces the rate at which the infection spreads and “flattens the curve” so that the medical system is better equipped to treat infected individuals. However, it remains unclear how the public will respond to these policies as the pandemic continues. Objective The aim of this study is to present the Twitter Social Mobility Index, a measure of social distancing and travel derived from Twitter data. We used public geolocated Twitter data to measure how much users travel in a given week. Methods We collected 469,669,925 tweets geotagged in the United States from January 1, 2019, to April 27, 2020. We analyzed the aggregated mobility variance of a total of 3,768,959 Twitter users at the city and state level from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results We found a large reduction (61.83%) in travel in the United States after the implementation of social distancing policies. However, the variance by state was high, ranging from 38.54% to 76.80%. The eight states that had not issued statewide social distancing orders as of the start of April ranked poorly in terms of travel reduction: Arkansas (45), Iowa (37), Nebraska (35), North Dakota (22), South Carolina (38), South Dakota (46), Oklahoma (50), Utah (14), and Wyoming (53). We are presenting our findings on the internet and will continue to update our analysis during the pandemic. Conclusions We observed larger travel reductions in states that were early adopters of social distancing policies and smaller changes in states without such policies. The results were also consistent with those based on other mobility data to a certain extent. Therefore, geolocated tweets are an effective way to track social distancing practices using a public resource, and this tracking may be useful as part of ongoing pandemic response planning.
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Nicolas Ayala, Antonio Monleon-Getino, Jaume Canela-Soler, and Tomas Chadwick-Lobos. "Random forest using smartphone GPS in first wave of COVID-19 in the Maule region, Chile." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.1.0098.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact. Knowing the variables that affect the increase in infection is crucial for public health decision-making. Mobility and socio-demographic conditions of the population are important factors in the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between people mobility, social determinants of health and COVID-19 cases using a Random Forest (RF) method. Methods: The COVID-19 cases were analyzed in the Maule Region, Chile. Spearman rank was performed to analyze the total mobility index for each municipality. RF regression was used to create a model between COVID-19 infections, mobility index and sociodemographic variables. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total mobility was highly correlated with new COVID-19 cases, adjusted for total population, in each municipality (ρ: 0.52-0.92). An upward trend is observed for mobility and COVID-19 cases for the 30 municipalities analyzed. For the RF model, COVID-19 active cases, total mobility, and external mobility are obtained as VIM. The most relevant demographic variables were overcrowding, density and area of municipality. The R-Squared was 0.68 for the performed RF model. Conclusions: Artificial Intelligence methodologies are increasingly used for their excellent performance. RF Regression offers a clear solution for the design of predictor variables on the number of new cases per week. Mobility is a powerful predictor variable for the number of COVID-19 new cases.
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Ha, Nam Xuan, Truong Le-Van, Nguyen Hai Nam, Akshay Raut, Joseph Varney, and Nguyen Tien Huy. "A problem of self-isolation in Japan: The relationship between self-isolation and COVID-19 community case." Health Promotion Perspectives 12, no. 2 (August 20, 2022): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2022.24.
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Background: The Japanese government advised mild or asymptomatic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases to self-isolate at home, while more severe individuals were treated at health posts. Poor compliance with self-isolation could be a potential reason for the new outbreak. Our study aimed to find out the correlation between the rising new cases of COVID-19 and home-based patients in Japan. Methods: A secondary data analysis study was conducted with the data from COVID-19- involved databases collected from Johns Hopkins University, Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and Community Mobility Reports of Google. New community cases, stringency index, number of tests, and active cases were analyzed. Using a linear regression model, an independent variable was utilized for a given date to predict the future number of community cases. Results: Research results show that outpatient cases, the stringency, and Google Mobility Trend were all significantly associated with the number of COVID-19 community cases from the sixth day to the ninth day. The model predicting community cases on the eighth day (R2=0.8906) was the most appropriate showing outpatients, residential index, grocery and pharmacy index, retail and recreation index, and workplaces index were positively related (β1=24.2, 95% CI: 20.3– 26.3, P<0.0001; β2=277.7, 95% CI: 171.8–408.2, P<0.0001; β3=112.4, 95% CI: 79.8–158.3, P<0.0001; β4=73.1, 95% CI: 53- 04.4, P<0.0001; β5=57.2, 95% CI: 25.2–96.8, P=0.001, respectively). In contrast, inpatients, park index, and adjusted stringency index were negatively related to the number of community cases (β6=-2.8, 95% CI: -3.9 – -1.6, P<0.0001; β7=-33, 95% CI: -43.6 – -27, P<0.0001; β8=-14.4, 95% CI: -20.1– -12, P<0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Outpatient cases and indexes of Community Mobility Reports were associated with COVID-19 community cases.
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Simpson, Gloria A., and Mary Glenn Fowler. "Geographic Mobility and Children's Emotional/Behavioral Adjustment and School Functioning." Pediatrics 93, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.2.303.
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Objective. To evaluate the relationship of geographic mobility to children's emotional/behavioral adjustment and school functioning. Design. Analysis of data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey of Child Health in which multistage probability sampling was used to obtain data for nationally representative estimates of health and demographic characteristics of US children. Participants. 10 362 US school-age children and their families. Measurements. The 1988 National Health Interview Survey of Child Health includes data on health and demographic characteristics, emotional/behavioral variables, school functioning, and geographic mobility for 10 362 US school-age children. This study examined the relationship of children's geographic mobility to children's reported emotional problems, use of psychological help, scores on a Behavior Problem Index, repeating a grade in school, and being suspended or expelled from school. Results. Twenty-four percent of children have never moved, 35% of children have moved once or twice, and 39% of children aged 6 to 17 years have moved three or more times in their lifetime. Using multiple logistic regression to control for important demographic variables, children who moved three or more times were 2.3 times more likely to have had emotional/behavioral problems, 2.2 times more likely to have received psychological help, 1.7 times more likely to have repeated a grade, and 1.9 times more likely to have been suspended or expelled from school compared with children who had never moved. Multiple regression was also used to analyze the impact of mobility in relation to scores on the Behavior Problem Index. Children who moved three or more times were 1.6 times more likely to be in the top tenth percentile of scores on the Behavior Problem Index compared with children who had never moved. Conclusions. Children who move three or more times are at increased risk for emotional/behavioral and school problems. Thus, pediatricians, other health professionals, and educators should be alert to the potential educational and psychological problems among children from highly mobile families.
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Alves, Fernando, Sara Cruz, Anabela Ribeiro, Ana Bastos Silva, João Martins, and Inês Cunha. "Walkability Index for Elderly Health: A Proposal." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 7360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187360.
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Nowadays, the elderly tend to make more trips: Health benefits resulting from their daily walking routines are an important topic in the context of urban renewal processes. Many health organizations and researchers have demonstrated the influence of the urban environment on walkability levels. This article aims to design a multifactor Walkability Index for Elderly Health (WIEH), capable of associating both the adequacy level of public spaces to elderly walkability, and physical exercise benefits while walking. The methodological approach comprised two main parts: Firstly, a literature review of main reports, legislation, and scientific articles was conducted at the intersection of ‘gerontology and physical exercise’ with ‘urban design and mobility’, leading to the selection of four aging-related studies as main contributors to the design of the WIEH; and, secondly, the development of the WIEH was undertaken, based on two premises and designed according to four steps. The first premise defined three systematic areas (urban tissue, urban scene, and safety), variables, and criteria to classify the pedestrian network; and the second premise focused on slopes and stairs in public spaces. The WIEH is divided in four steps: (1) Analyzing public spaces and characterizing their quality for walking, (2) considering the existence of slopes and stairs, (3) calculating different routes for the elderly in their daily routines, or when going to points of interest, and (4) selecting the “heart-friendly route” for elderly people. Adequate walking paths for the elderly can be identified through this innovative approach, with the aim of achieving direct health benefits during their daily routines. Ultimately, the WIEH is capable of supporting decision makers and designers in creating inclusive and age-friendly spaces.
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Kozela, Magdalena, Maciej Polak, Urszula Stepaniak, Martin Bobak, and Andrzej Pająk. "Changes in Socioeconomic Status as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 10-Year Follow-Up of a Polish-Population-Based HAPIEE Cohort." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215411.
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Although the inverse association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well established, research on the effect of changes in the SES throughout life on CVD risk in populations with different social backgrounds remains scarce. This study aimed to assess the relationship between childhood SES, adulthood SES, and changes in SES over time, and CVD incidence and mortality in a Polish urban population. In addition, the predictive performance of the SES index was compared with education alone. A cohort study with a 10-year follow-up was conducted, in which a random sample of 10,728 residents in Kraków aged 45–69 years were examined. The SES was assessed at baseline using data on education, parents’ education, housing standard at the age of 10 years, professional activity, household amenities, and difficulties in paying bills and buying food. SES categories (low, middle, and high) were extracted using cluster analyses. Information on new CVD cases was obtained from questionnaires in subsequent phases of the study and confirmed by reviewing clinical records. Data on deaths and causes were obtained from the residents’ registry, Central Statistical Office, and the participants’ families. The effect of the SES index on the risk of CVD was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. In male and female participants, the CVD incidence and mortality were observed to be 27,703 and 32,956 person-years (384 and 175 new CVD cases) and 36,219 and 40,048 person-years (159 and 92 CVD deaths), respectively. Childhood SES was not associated with CVD incidence and mortality. A protective effect of high adulthood SES against CVD mortality was observed in men and women (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.31–0.97; HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14–0.75, respectively). In women, downward social mobility was related to 2.24 and 3.75 times higher CVD incidence and mortality, respectively. In men, a protective effect against mortality was observed in upward mobility (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.29–0.84). Model discrimination was similar for the SES index and education alone for the association with CVD incidence. In women, the SES index was a slightly better predictor of CVD mortality than education alone (C-index = 0.759, SE = 0.0282 vs. C-index = 0.783, SE = 0.0272; p = 0.041). In conclusion, high adulthood SES, but not childhood SES, may be considered to be a protective factor against CVD in urban populations in high-CVD-risk regions. No effects of critical periods in early life were observed on CVD risk. In later life, social mobility was found to affect CVD mortality in both men and women. In men, a protective effect of upward mobility was confirmed, whereas in women, an increased CVD risk was related to downward mobility. It can be concluded that CVD prevention may be beneficial if socioeconomic potentials are strengthened in later life.
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UDDIN, MD NAZIR, and MUNNI BEGUM. "A generalized linear model for multivariate correlated binary response data on mobility index." Journal of Statistical Research 52, no. 1 (September 2, 2018): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47302/jsr.2018520104.
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Dependence in multivariate binary outcomes in longitudinal data is a challenging and an important issue to address. Numerous studies have been performed to test the dependence in binary responses either using conditional or marginal probability models. Since the con- ditional and marginal approach provide inadequate or misleading results, the joint models based on both are implemented for bivariate correlated binary responses. In the current paper, we consider a joint modeling approach and a generalized linear model (GLM) for tri-variate correlated binary responses. The link function of the GLM is used to test the dependence of response variables. The mobility index with two categories, no difficulty and difficulty, over the duration of three waves of Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) is chosen as the binary response variable. Initial analysis with Marshall-Olkin correlation coefficients and logistic regression coefficients provide moderate correlation in mobility indices implying dependence in the response variables. We also found statistically significant dependence among the response variables using the joint modeling approach. The mobility at current wave not only depends on the previous mobility status, but also depends on covariates such as age, gender, and race.
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Kinaan, Walaa, Patrícia Soares, João Victor Rocha, Paulo Boto, Rui Santana, and Sílvia Lopes. "The Pandemic-Related Factors Associated with Emergency Department Visits in Portugal throughout Two Years of the Pandemic: A Retrospective Population-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021207.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the use of emergency departments (ED) worldwide. This study identifies the pandemic-related factors associated with the number of ED visits in mainland Portugal and each of its regions. We collected data on ED visits from March 2020 to March 2022. Data on incidence, vaccination, mobility, containment index, and Google search volume were retrieved from open online sources at different time points. We fitted a quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model, and each variable was modeled separately and adjusted for time and month. There was a positive ED trend throughout the two years of the pandemic in mainland Portugal and each of its regions. In the mainland, during months with high workplace mobility, there were 10.5% more ED visits compared to months with average mobility. ED visits decreased in months with low mobility for retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, and transit compared to months of medium mobility. Portugal saw a reduction in ED utilization during the pandemic period, but with a positive trend from March 2020 to March 2022. The change in the population’s behavior of seeking the ED throughout the pandemic might be associated with mobility, incidence, and pandemic fatigue.
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Song, Chen-Yi, Pay-Shin Lin, and Pei-Lun Hung. "Effects of Community-Based Physical-Cognitive Training, Health Education, and Reablement among Rural Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Mobility Deficits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 9374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179374.
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Reablement services are approaches for maintaining and improving the functional independence of older adults. Previous reablement studies were conducted in a home environment. Due to the limited evidence on the effects of multicomponent interventions and reablement in a community-based context, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the effect of community-based physical–cognitive training, health education, and reablement (PCHER) among rural community-dwelling older adults with mobility deficits. The trial was conducted in rural areas of New Taipei City, Taiwan. Older adults with mild to moderate mobility deficits were recruited from six adult daycare centers, and a cluster assignment was applied in a counterbalanced order. The experimental group (n = 16) received a PCHER intervention, comprising 1.5 h of group courses and 1 h of individualized reablement training, while the control group (n = 12) underwent PCHE intervention, comprising 1.5 h of group courses and 1 h of placebo treatment. A 2.5-h training session was completed weekly for 10 weeks. The outcome measures contained the de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination, the Barthel Index (BI), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The PCHER significantly improved the DEMMI, SLUMS, BI, SPPB, and COPM (all p < 0.05), with medium-to-large effect sizes. PCHER also showed an advantage over PCHE in terms of the SPPB (p = 0.02). This study verified that combining individualized reablement with group-based multicomponent training was superior to group courses alone in enhancing the functional abilities of community-dwelling older adults with mobility deficits.
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Al Wahaibi, Adil, Amal Al Maani, Fatma Alyaquobi, Abdullah Al Manji, Khalid Al Harthy, Bader Al Rawahi, Abdullah Alqayoudhi, Sulien Al Khalili, Amina Al-Jardani, and Seif Al-Abri. "The Impact of Mobility Restriction Strategies in the Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Modelling the Relation between COVID-19 Health and Community Mobility Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 10560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910560.
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Background: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), particularly mobility restrictions, are mainstay measures for the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. We evaluated the effects of Oman’s mobility restriction strategies to highlight their efficacy in controlling the pandemic. Methods: Accessible national data of daily admissions and deaths were collected from 1 April 2020 to 22 May 2021. Google Community Mobility Report (CMR) data were downloaded for the same period. Among six CMR categories, three were used and reduced to one index—the community mobility index (CMI). We used a generalised linear model with a negative binomial distribution combined with a non-linear distributed lag model to investigate the short-term effects of CMI on the number of admitted PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, controlling for public holidays, day of the week, and Eid/Ramadan days. Results: We demonstrated the feasibility of using CMRs in the evaluation and monitoring of different NPIs, particularly those related to movement restriction. The best movement restriction strategy was a curfew from 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. (level 3 of CMI = 8), which had a total reduction of 35% (95% confidence interval (CI); 25–44%) in new COVID-19 admissions in the following two weeks, and a fatality reduction in the following four weeks by 52% (95% CI; 11–75%). Conclusion: Evening lockdown significantly affected the course of the pandemic in Oman which lines up with similar studies throughout the world.
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Dasenbrock, L., T. Berg, S. Lurz, E. Beimforde, R. Diekmann, F. Sobotka, and J. M. Bauer. "Der De Morton Mobility Index zur Evaluation der geriatrischen Frührehabilitation." Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 49, no. 5 (June 3, 2016): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00391-016-1061-x.
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Khemiss, Mehdi, Dalila Ben Fekih, Mohamed Ben Khelifa, and Helmi Ben Saad. "Comparison of Periodontal Status Between Male Exclusive Narghile Smokers and Male Exclusive Cigarette Smokers." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 2 (March 2019): 155798831983987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319839872.
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Studies evaluating the effects of narghile use on the periodontium present conflicting conclusions. This study aimed to compare the periodontal status of exclusive narghile smokers (ENSs, n = 74) to that of exclusive cigarette smokers (ECSs, n = 74). Males aged 20–40 years were recruited to participate in this comparative study. Information concerning oral health habits (number of yearly visits to the dentist, daily toothbrushing frequency) and tobacco exposure were obtained. Clinical measurements were performed on all the existing teeth, except the third molars. The number of remaining teeth and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) were noted. The plaque levels were recorded using the plaque index of Löe and Silness. The gingival index modified by Löe was used to evaluate gingival inflammation. Teeth mobility was measured using bidigital mobility. The probing pocket depth was measured using a periodontal probe. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of at least 10 sites with a probing depth ≥5 mm. Student’s t and chi-square tests were used to compare, respectively, the two groups’ quantitative and qualitative data. The two groups were matched for quantities of used tobacco, age, daily toothbrushing frequency, teeth mobility, number of remaining teeth, plaque index, and DMFT. Compared to the ECS group, the ENS group had a significantly lower number of yearly visits to the dentist (mean ± SD: 0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2), lower probing pocket depth (mean ± SD: 2.33 ± 0.63 vs. 2.02 ± 0.80 mm), and gingival index (median [interquartile]: 0.46 [0.10–0.89] vs. 0.00 [0.00–0.50]), and it included significantly lower percentages of smokers with periodontal disease (24.3% vs. 9.5%). In conclusion, chronic exclusive narghile smoking has fewer adverse effects on the periodontium than chronic exclusive cigarette smoking.
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He, Yaping, Hong Jian, Meiqiong Yan, Jingfen Zhu, Guohong Li, Vivian W. Q. Lou, and Jieling Chen. "Coping, mood and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Chinese patients with advanced lung cancer." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e023672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023672.
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ObjectivesThe ways patients cope with advanced cancer can influence their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aims to examine the mediating role of positive and negative mood in the relationship between coping and HRQoL in patients with advanced lung cancer.MethodsA consecutive sample of 261 patients (mean age: 59.99±9.53) diagnosed with stage III or IV lung cancer was recruited from the inpatient unit in a hospital that specialises in chest-related disease in Shanghai, China. Participants completed measurements including Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and 5-level EuroQol 5-dimension instrument.ResultsAlthough the total effects of confrontation on HRQoL were not significant, competing indirect effects via mood were identified: (1) positive indirect effects through positive mood were found for confrontation on mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort and overall utility index (indirect effect=0.01, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.03); (2) negative indirect effects through negative mood were found for confrontation on mobility, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression and overall utility index (indirect effect=−0.01, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.001). Resigned acceptance was negatively associated with HRQoL, and indirect effects via mood were identified: (1) negative indirect effects through positive mood were found for resigned acceptance on mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and overall utility index (indirect effect=−0.01, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.003); (2) negative indirect effects through negative mood were found for resigned acceptance on domains of HRQoL and overall utility index (indirect effect=−0.04, 95% CI −0.06 to −0.02).ConclusionsConfronting advanced lung cancer can fuel ambivalent emotional experiences. Nevertheless, accepting the illness in a resigned way can be maladaptive for health outcomes. The findings suggest interventions that facilitate adaptive coping, reduce negative mood and enhance positive mood, as this could help to improve or maintain HRQoL in patients with advanced lung cancer.
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McCain, Dextiny, Adrienne Aiken Morgan, Alexa Allan, Alyssa Gamaldo, Regina Wright, Roland J. Thorpe, Jr., Jason Allaire, and Keith Whitfield. "ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE AND MOBILITY LIMITATIONS AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.456.
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Abstract Research has shown that socioeconomic factors influence physical mobility; however, less is known about the influence of neighborhood disadvantage on mobility among African American older adults. Data from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging (N=602) were used to examine associations between neighborhood disadvantage, as measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and self-reported mobility limitations. Two-step logistic regression showed that participants residing in more disadvantaged neighborhoods, based on national ADI, had higher odds of mobility limitations, but those in less disadvantaged neighborhoods, based on state ADI, had higher odds of mobility limitations (national: OR = 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00–1.03); state: OR = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65–0.92)). Stratified models showed the association was significant only within women (national: OR = 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00–1.04); state: OR = 0.77 (0.63-0.95)). These findings suggest that neighborhood disadvantage is an essential consideration when examining mobility limitations among African Americans.
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Venkatesh, U., Aravind Gandhi P, Tasnim Ara, Md Mahabubur Rahman, and Jugal Kishore. "Lockdowns, Community Mobility Patterns, and COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from 16 Countries." Healthcare Informatics Research 28, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.2.160.
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Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries around the world framed specific laws and imposed varying degrees of lockdowns to ensure the maintenance of physical distancing. Understanding changes in temporal and spatial mobility patterns may provide insights into the dynamics of this infectious disease. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of lockdown measures in 16 countries worldwide by analyzing the relationship between community mobility patterns and the doubling time of COVID-19.Methods: We performed a retrospective record-based analysis of population-level data on the doubling time for COVID-19 and community mobility. The doubling time for COVID-19 was calculated based on the laboratory-confirmed cases reported daily over the study period (from February 15 to May 2, 2020). Principal component analysis (PCA) of six mobility pattern-related variables was conducted. To explain the magnitude of the effect of mobility on the doubling time, a finite linear distributed lag model was fitted. The k-means clustering approach was employed to identify countries with similar patterns in the significant co-efficient of the mobility index, with the optimal number of clusters derived using Elbow’s method.Results: The countries analyzed had reduced mobility in commercial and social places. Reduced mobility had a significant and favorable association with the doubling time of COVID-19—specifically, the greater the mobility reduction, the longer the time taken for the COVID-19 cases to double.Conclusions: COVID-19 lockdowns achieved the immediate objective of mobility reduction in countries with a high burden of cases.
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Czapla, Zbigniew, and Joachim Cieślik. "Electrophoretic Mobility of Cell Nuclei (EMN) index – relation to biological and physical properties of the cell." Anthropological Review 61 (December 30, 1998): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.61.07.
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The authors describe certain physical and biological properties of cell and resulting electrical and electrokinetic properties, directly or indirectly related with the Electrophoretic Mobility of Cell Nuclei (EMN) index. This index, may become a new criterion in the estimation of the biological age, irrespective of the stage of the ontogenesis.
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Eronen, Johanna, Mikaela von Bonsdorff, Merja Rantakokko, Erja Portegijs, Anne Viljanen, and Taina Rantanen. "Socioeconomic Status and Life-Space Mobility in Old Age." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 24, no. 4 (October 2016): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2015-0196.
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Life-space mobility describes the extent of community mobility of older persons. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and life-space mobility and to investigate whether associations might be explained by SES-related disparities in health and functioning. The participants (n = 848) were community-dwelling adults aged 75–90. Education and occupation were used to indicate SES. Life-space assessment (range 0–120) was used to indicate distance and frequency of moving and assistance needed in moving. People with low education had lower life-space mobility scores than those with intermediate or high education: marginal means 63.5, 64.8, and 70.0 (p = .003), respectively. SES-related health disparities, i.e., higher body mass index, poorer cognitive capacity, and poorer physical performance explained the association, rendering it nonsignificant (marginal means 65.2, 65.3, and 67.5, p = .390). Low SES and restricted life-space mobility often coexist with overweight, reduced cognition, and poorer physical performance.
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Cerón Lorente, Laura, María Carmen García Ríos, Santiago Navarro Ledesma, Rosa María Tapia Haro, Antonio Casas Barragán, María Correa-Rodríguez, and María Encarnación Aguilar Ferrándiz. "Functional Status and Body Mass Index in Postmenopausal Women with Fibromyalgia: A Case–control Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224540.
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Reduced functional capacity is a common characteristic of fibromyalgia (FMS). We aimed to investigate the relationship between functional status and body mass index (BMI) in a population with and without FMS. A pilot case–control study was performed in 34 women with FMS and 22 healthy controls which were classified according to their BMI. The main outcome measures were: Balance (MiniBestest, One Leg Stance Test), functional mobility (Timed up and Go), physical disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index), spinal range of motion (Spinal Mouse), level of physical activity at work (Leisure Time Physical Activity Instrument), and home and leisure time (Physical Activity at Home and Work). Statistical differences were observed between overweight/obese healthy controls and women with FMS for several indicators of functional capacity. FMS patients reported worse dynamic (p = 0.001) and static balance (right: p = 0.002, left: p = 0.001), poorer functional mobility (p = 0.008), and higher levels of physical disability (p = 0.001). Functional status is altered in FMS women compared to the healthy control group, independently of nutritional status; therefore, BMI is unlikely to play a main role in functional capacity indicators in postmenopausal FMS women. Only dynamic balance seems to reduce the obesity status in this population.
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Speiser, Jaime, Kathryn Callahan, Edward Ip, Michael Miller, Janet Tooze, Stephen Krtichevsky, and Denise Houston. "Machine Learning Prediction Models for Mobility Limitation Over Time in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.094.
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Abstract Mobility limitation in older adults is common and associated with poor health outcomes and loss of independence. Identification of at-risk individuals remains challenging because of time-consuming clinical assessments and limitations of statistical models for dynamic outcomes over time. Therefore, we aimed to develop machine learning models for predicting mobility limitation in older adults using repeated measures and variable selection. We used nine years of follow-up data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study to model mobility limitation, defined as self-report of any difficulty walking ¼ mile or up a flight of stairs, assessed annually. We considered 46 predictors for modeling, including demographic, lifestyle, chronic condition and physical function variables. We developed three models with Binary Mixed Model Forest, using: 1) all 46 predictors, 2) an automated variable selection algorithm, and 3) the top five most important predictors. Area under the receiver operating curve ranged from 0.78 to 0.84 for the models for two validation datasets (with and without previous annual visit data for participants). Across the three models, the most important predictors of mobility limitation were ease of getting up from chair, gait speed, self-reported health status, body mass index and depression. Longitudinal, machine learning models predicting mobility limitation had good performance for identifying at-risk older adults based on current and previous annual visit data. Future studies should evaluate the utility and efficiency of the prediction models as a tool in a clinical setting for identifying at-risk older adults who may benefit from interventions aimed to prevent mobility limitation.
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Sommers, Juultje, Tom Vredeveld, Robert Lindeboom, Frans Nollet, Raoul H. H. Engelbert, and Marike van der Schaaf. "de Morton Mobility Index Is Feasible, Reliable, and Valid in Patients With Critical Illness." Physical Therapy 96, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150339.
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Abstract Background Intensive care unit (ICU) stays often lead to reduced physical functioning. Change in physical functioning in patients in the ICU is inadequately assessed through available instruments. The de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), developed to assess mobility in elderly hospitalized patients, is promising for use in patients who are critically ill. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the DEMMI for patients in the ICU. Design A prospective, observational reliability and validity study was conducted. Methods To evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), patients admitted to the ICU were assessed with the DEMMI during and after ICU stay. Validity was evaluated by correlating the DEMMI with the Barthel Index (BI), the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL), and manual muscle testing (MMT). Feasibility was evaluated based on the percentage of participants in which the DEMMI could be assessed, the floor and ceiling effects, and the number of adverse events. Results One hundred fifteen participants were included (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] mean score=15.2 and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] mean score=7). Interrater reliability was .93 in the ICU and .97 on the wards, whereas intrarater reliability during the ICU stay was .68. Validity (Spearman rho coefficient) during the ICU stay was .56, −.45, and .57 for the BI, Katz ADL, and MMT, respectively. The DEMMI showed low floor and ceiling effects (2.6%) during and after ICU discharge. There were no major adverse events. Limitations Rapid changes in participants' health status may have led to underestimation of intrarater reliability. Conclusion The DEMMI was found to be clinically feasible, reliable, and valid for measuring mobility in an ICU population. Therefore, the DEMMI should be considered a preferred instrument for measuring mobility in patients during and after their ICU stay.
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SANCHEZ MERCHANTE, LUIS FRANCISCO, ALBERTO CARNICERO LOPEZ, FRANCISCO J. LOPEZ VALDES, and JESUS RAMON JIMENEZ OCTAVIO. "URBAN MOBILITY AS METRIC OF COVID-19." DYNA 96, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9897.
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During the global pandemic COVID-19, restrictions on mobility and transport for health reasons have risen to 88% in Spain during the months of March, April and May 2020. The impact of these measures has not only reached the target of health as it was the primary objective but has also had a very significant impact in the environmental and energy fields. The main goal of this work is to determine whether urban mobility can be considered a sufficiently robust metric of COVID-19 in these three areas, so as to allow inferring future stages, the success of new health strategies or the quantification of polluting emissions to the atmosphere. The results obtained show a strong correlation between the level of social interaction and the rate of reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in real time, over 0.81 for the most relevant European cities, as well as between the Index of Red Eléctrica for the final demand in the service and transport sectors and the number of users of urban transit, over 0.89. In addition, the annual reduction in CO2 emissions has been estimated at 21.1%, considering the most conservative scenario from the health point of view for the rest of 2020. Finally, a brief reflection is outlined on the urban planning management model and their social communication given the key role played in viral-respiratory pandemic crisis situations. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Urban mobility, Transport, Energy, Pollutant emissions to the atmosphere, CO2
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Bishop, Nicholas, Sarah Ullevig, Krystle Zuniga, Kaipeng Wang, and Julia Tucker. "Dietary Quality Predicts Short-Term Change in Mobility Limitations in Older U.S. Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.773.
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Abstract Using a representative sample of older Americans, this project examines the association between dietary quality and short-term change in mobility limitations and whether this association differs for the food insecure or those receiving nutritional assistance. The sample was drawn from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study and 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study and included 3,779 respondents representing a population of 37,217,566 adults aged 65 and older. Mobility limitations were operationalized as a log-transformed count of 11 indicators of limitation in physical mobility. Dietary quality was measured using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) based on responses to a food frequency questionnaire. Food insecurity was a binary measure based on the USDA six-item short form. Nutritional assistance included receipt of supplemental food from sources such as food banks and/or reporting receipt of SNAP benefits (1=yes, 0=no). Autoregressive multiple regression was used to test whether AHEI-2010 predicted change in mobility limitations from 2012-2014 and whether food insecurity or receipt of supplemental food moderated this relationship. Around 10.7% of older adults were food insecure, and around 17.5% reported receipt of nutritional assistance. AHEI-2010 was associated with a slower decline in mobility limitations over the 2-year observational window (b=-0.014, SE=.003, p<.001), but food insecurity nor nutritional assistance were associated with changing mobility limitation, either directly or as moderators of the association between progressing limitations and AHEI-2010. These preliminary findings suggest dietary quality may be associated with disablement among older adults regardless of food environment.
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Ferwana, Ibtihal, and Lav R. Varshney. "Social capital dimensions are differentially associated with COVID-19 vaccinations, masks, and physical distancing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): e0260818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260818.
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Background Social capital has been associated with health outcomes in communities and can explain variations in different geographic localities. Social capital has also been associated with behaviors that promote better health and reduce the impacts of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, face masking, and vaccination have all been essential in controlling contagion. These behaviors have not been uniformly adopted by communities in the United States. Using different facets of social capital to explain the differences in public behaviors among communities during pandemics is lacking. Objective This study examines the relationship among public health behavior—vaccination, face masking, and physical distancing—during COVID-19 pandemic and social capital indices in counties in the United States. Methods We used publicly available vaccination data as of June 2021, face masking data in July 2020, and mobility data from mobile phones movements from the end of March 2020. Then, correlation analysis was conducted with county-level social capital index and its subindices (family unity, community health, institutional health, and collective efficacy) that were obtained from the Social Capital Project by the United States Senate. Results We found the social capital index and its subindices differentially correlate with different public health behaviors. Vaccination is associated with institutional health: positively with fully vaccinated population and negatively with vaccination hesitancy. Also, wearing masks negatively associates with community health, whereases reduced mobility associates with better community health. Further, residential mobility positively associates with family unity. By comparing correlation coefficients, we find that social capital and its subindices have largest effect sizes on vaccination and residential mobility. Conclusion Our results show that different facets of social capital are significantly associated with adoption of protective behaviors, e.g., social distancing, face masking, and vaccination. As such, our results suggest that differential facets of social capital imply a Swiss cheese model of pandemic control planning where, e.g., institutional health and community health, provide partially overlapping behavioral benefits.
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Elolemy, Gehan, Ahmed Aboughanima, Sahar Ganeb, and Haytham Elziat. "Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Relationship with Disease-Related Variables." Current Rheumatology Reviews 16, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397115666191018162606.
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Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease leading to functional limitations and subsequently impaired quality of life (QoL). Despite the fact that QoL was recognized as a significant perception, it was excluded from the core domains (defined by the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society), because of ambiguity of measurement choice. Aim: To assess QoL in patients with AS using a generic; Short Form-36 (SF-36) and a diseasespecific; Ankylosing Spondylitis quality of life (ASQoL) instruments and to explore its relationship to the clinical characteristics, disease activity, functional status, and radiographic severity. Methods: A total of 47 AS patients who fulfilled modified New York criteria were included. Disease activity, functional status, spinal mobility, and radiographic severity were assessed by Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) and Bath AS Radiology Index (BASRI) respectively. SF-36 and ASQoL instruments evaluated Qol. Results: Physical health was more affected especially in patients with peripheral arthritis by SF-36 (p=0.008) and ASQoL (p=0.022) scores. Both SF-36 total and ASQoL scores correlated significantly with BASDAI (r = -0.329, p = 0.024 and r = 0.420, p = 0.003), BASFI (r = -0.399, p = 0.005 and r = 0.513, p=0.001) and BASMI (r = -0.382, p = 0.008 and r = 0.482, p= 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: QoL was impaired in AS patients with highest impact on physical health especially in association with peripheral arthritis. SF-36 and ASQol have a comparable achievement in the evaluation of QoL in AS patients and both physical function and spinal mobility were identified as predictors of poor QoL.
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Law, Ernest H., A. Simon Pickard, Feng Xie, Surrey M. Walton, Todd A. Lee, and Alan Schwartz. "Parallel Valuation: A Direct Comparison of EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L Societal Value Sets." Medical Decision Making 38, no. 8 (November 2018): 968–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x18802797.
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Objective. To compare and contrast EQ-5D-5L (5L) and EQ-5D-3L (3L) health state values derived from a common sample. Methods. Data from the 2017 US EQ-5D valuation study were analyzed. Value sets were estimated with random-effects linear regression based on composite time trade-off (cTTO) valuations for 3L and 5L health states with 2 approaches to model specification: main effects only and additional N3/N45 terms. Properties of the descriptive system and value set characteristics were compared by examining distributions of predicted index scores, ceiling effects, and single-level transition values from adjacent corner health states. Mean transition values were calculated for all predicted 3L and 5L health states and plotted against baseline index scores. Results. A total of 1062 respondents were included in the analysis. The observed mean cTTO values for the worst possible 3L and 5L health states were −0.423 and −0.343, respectively. The range of scale was larger with the 3L, compared to the 5L, for both main effects and N term models. Values for the mildest 5L health states (range, 0.857−0.924) were similar to 11111 for the 3L. Parameter estimates for matched dimension levels differed by <|0.07| except for the most severe level of Mobility. For the main effects model, 3L mean transition values were greater for more severe baseline 3L index scores, whereas 5L mean transition values remained constant irrespective of the baseline index score. Conclusions. Compared to the 3L, the 5L exhibited a lower ceiling effect and improved measurement properties. There was a larger range of scale for the 3L compared to 5L; however, this difference was driven by differences in preference for the most severe level of problems in Mobility.
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Alemdar, Kadir Diler, Ömer Kaya, Antonino Canale, Muhammed Yasin Çodur, and Tiziana Campisi. "Evaluation of Air Quality Index by Spatial Analysis Depending on Vehicle Traffic during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 5729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185729.
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As in other countries of the world, the Turkish government is implementing many preventive partial and total lockdown practices against the virus’s infectious effect. When the first virus case has been detected, the public authorities have taken some restriction to reduce people and traffic mobility, which has also turned into some positive affect in air quality. To this end, the paper aims to examine how this pandemic affects traffic mobility and air quality in Istanbul. The pandemic does not only have a human health impact. This study also investigates the social and environmental effects. In our analysis, we observe, visualize, compare and discuss the impact of the post- and pre-lockdown on Istanbul’s traffic mobility and air quality. To do so, a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach is proposed. Various spatial analyses are performed in GIS with the statistical data used; thus, the environmental effects of the pandemic can be better observed. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced traffic mobility and improved air quality using traffic density cluster set and air monitoring stations (five air pollutant parameters) data for five months. The results shows that there are positive changes in terms of both traffic mobility and air quality, especially in April–May. PM10, SO2, CO, NO2 and NOx parameter values improved by 21.21%, 16.55%, 18.82%, 28.62% and 39.99%, respectively. In addition, there was a 7% increase in the average traffic speed. In order for the changes to be permanent, it is recommended to integrate e-mobility and sharing systems into the current transportation network.
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Billones, Robert Kerwin C., Marielet A. Guillermo, Kervin C. Lucas, Marlon D. Era, Elmer P. Dadios, and Alexis M. Fillone. "Smart Region Mobility Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 6366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116366.
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A smart city describes an urban setting which aims to effectively apply ICT technologies to help improve the well-being of its citizens and reduce the negative impacts of urbanization. The priority areas considered in the Global Smart City Index (SCI) by the Institute for Management Development’s (IMD) World Competitiveness Centre were key infrastructures and technologies in (1) health and safety, (2) mobility, (3) activities (e.g., recreational spaces), (4) opportunities (work and school), and (5) governance. A smart region is a term used to extend the concept of a smart city into both urban and rural settings to promote a sustainable planning approach at the regional level. A direction that must be considered is the adoption of a “Smart Region Mobility Framework” to effectively transform our urban and rural regional transportation networks. This research study focused on the development of the smart region mobility framework for an island region group in the Philippines. The smart region goal is to integrate intelligent transportation system (ITS) platforms such as advanced public transportation system (APTS), advanced traveler information system (ATIS), and advanced rural transportation system (ARTS) to the local public transportation route plans (LPTRP) of the region. The activities include the data collection, analysis, and evaluation of multimodal regional transportation networks and social services infrastructure. The transportation network modeling process follows the four-step transportation planning process of trip generation, trip distribution, modal-split analysis, and trip assignment. Based on the analysis of 6 provinces, 16 cities, and 114 municipalities included in the study, there are two cities identified as smart city candidates. One of the smart city candidates is designated as the smart city regional center. In the context of a smart region, the available social services (e.g., employment opportunities, education, and health services) in the designated smart cities can also be made accessible to connected cities/municipalities through ease of transportation and mobility services in the region. Lastly, the study presented the implementation of data flow architecture of the smart region mobility framework, and the regional traveler information system using mobile and web application services.
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Shin, Ji Cheol, Eun Joo Kim, Chang Il Park, Eun Sook Park, and Kyoo-Ho Shin. "Clinical Features and Outcomes Following Bilateral Lower Limb Amputation in Korea." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 30, no. 2 (August 2006): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640600608074.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of 43 bilateral lower limb amputees. The clinical features obtained included the causes of amputation, level of amputation, concurrent medical problems, and stump condition. Outcome measures were obtained using the activities of daily living (ADL) index, the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and mobility grading with prostheses or wheelchair. Of 33 amputees who were prosthetic ambulators, 22 (67%), mainly bilateral trans-tibial (TT) amputees, were community ambulators, and participated in activities which included stair-walking, and six of 11 household ambulators were combination trans-femoral (TF) and TT amputees. Of 10 amputees who were wheelchair ambulators, only one was able to perform wheelchair transfers independently and five were independent wheelchair ambulators. Using the ADL index and FAI, there was no significant difference in scores according to the level of amputation ( p > 0.05), but the scores of community prosthetic ambulators were significantly higher than those of wheelchair ambulators ( p < 0.05). Age was found to be negatively correlated with ADL index and FAI scores ( r = −0.518 vs. r = −0.550) ( p < 0.01). This study concludes that overall independence in ADL after bilateral lower limb amputation improved with young age and prosthetic mobility.
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Qiao, Yujia (Susanna), Jaroslaw Harzelak, Pamela Toto, Kyle Moored, Bret Goodpaster, Adam Santanasto, Barbara Nicklas, and Nancy W. Glynn. "VALIDATION OF THE PITTSBURGH PERFORMANCE FATIGABILITY INDEX FROM USUAL-PACED 400 M WALK." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1455.
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Abstract The Pittsburgh Performance Fatigability Index (PPFI, higher=greater fatigability), a novel accelerometer-based performance fatigability measure, was recently developed for adults aged ≥60 years. We validated PPFI during a usual-paced 400m walk in 429 individuals enrolled in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (age=76.9±5.3years, 57.6% women, gait speed=1.0±0.2 m/s from 4-meter walk). PPFI quantifies percent of performance decrement (i.e., slowing down) during 400m walk by comparing area under the observed cadence trajectories to the hypothetical area that reflects sustaining maximum cadence for the entire walk. PPFI scores (mean=2.1%±2.5%, range: 0-21.7%) demonstrated convergent validity with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB, Pearson correlation (r)=-0.32) and mobility (time to walk 400m, r=0.47). PPFI scores discriminated higher versus lower physical function (SPPB: 1.6% (≥10) vs. 2.9% (<10), p<.001), adjusted for age, sex, height, and weight. PPFI is the first validated accelerometer-based objective risk assessment tool for measuring performance fatigability, an established marker of functional decline.
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Mbada, Chidozie, Daniel Ibidunmoye, Jamiu Yusuff, Opeyemi Idowu, Kayode Oke, Isaiah Oyewole, Clara Fatoye, Funminiyi Olatoye, Oluwatoyin Olatoye, and Francis Fatoye. "Disability Profile and Accessibility Limitations among Persons with Physical Disability in Nigeria." IJDS: Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 02 (November 30, 2021): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2021.008.02.01.
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Purpose: To evaluate disability profile and accessibility limitations among Persons Living with Disabilities (PLWDs) in Nigeria. Methods: 61 PLWDs (44 men, 17 women) consented for this study. World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, Facilitators and Barriers Survey for People with Mobility Limitations version 2, Barthel Index, and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Questionnaires were used to obtain data on physical disability profile, level of access barriers, activities of daily living and quality of access to health care respectively. A proforma was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level set at p< 0.05. Results: Prevalence of mobility, visual and hearing impairments were 60.7%, 21.3% and 6.6% respectively, There was a 11.5% rate of functional limitation while mild difficulty with ‘cognition’ and ‘life activities’ were reported among 96.7% and 65.6% of the respondents. 24.6% of the respondents had partial mobility dependence. There was low quality of access to health care (67.2%), high access barrier to home environment (73.8%) and transportation (93.4%). Conclusion: The PLWDs have high mobility impairment and face barriers in accessing healthcare, transportation and environment.