Journal articles: 'Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)'

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Gater, R., D. Chisholm, and C. Dowrick. "Mental health surveillance and information systems." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2015.21.7.512.

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Morris, Gaylon, Dixie Snider, and Martha Katz. "Integrating Public Health Information and Surveillance Systems." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 2, no. 4 (1996): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199623000-00007.

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Baker, Edward L., and David Ross. "Information and Surveillance Systems and Community Health." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 2, no. 4 (1996): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199623000-00016.

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Kwon, Christie, Abu Mohd Naser, Hallie Eilerts, Georges Reniers, and Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham. "Pregnancy Surveillance Methods within Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems." Gates Open Research 5 (September 13, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13332.1.

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Background: Pregnancy identification and follow-up surveillance can enhance the reporting of pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths and perinatal and early postnatal mortality. This paper reviews pregnancy surveillance methods used in Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSSs) in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We searched articles containing information about pregnancy identification methods used in HDSSs published between January 2002 and October 2019 using PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 37 articles were included through literature review and 22 additional articles were identified via manual search of references. We reviewed the gray literature, including websites, online reports, data collection instruments, and HDSS protocols from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Study (CHAMPS) Network and the International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health (INDEPTH). In total, we reviewed information from 52 HDSSs described in 67 sources. Results: Substantial variability exists in pregnancy surveillance approaches across the 52 HDSSs, and surveillance methods are not always clearly documented. 42% of HDSSs applied restrictions based on residency duration to identify who should be included in surveillance. Most commonly, eligible individuals resided in the demographic surveillance area (DSA) for at least three months. 44% of the HDSSs restricted eligibility for pregnancy surveillance based on a woman’s age, with most only monitoring women 15-49 years. 10% had eligibility criteria based on marital status, while 11% explicitly included unmarried women in pregnancy surveillance. 38% allowed proxy respondents to answer questions about a woman’s pregnancy status in her absence. 20% of HDSSs supplemented pregnancy surveillance with investigations by community health workers or key informants and by linking HDSS data with data from antenatal clinics. Conclusions: Methodological guidelines for conducting pregnancy surveillance should be clearly documented and meticulously implemented, as they can have implications for data quality and accurately informing maternal and child health programs.

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Devasundaram, J. K., D. Rohn, D. M. Dwyer, and E. Israel. "A geographic information systems application for disease surveillance." American Journal of Public Health 88, no. 9 (September 1998): 1406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.9.1406-a.

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Bott, O. J. "Section 3: Health Information Systems: Health Information Systems: Between Shared Care and Body Area Networks." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 15, no. 01 (August 2006): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638471.

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SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of health information systems (HIS).Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.Current research in the field of HIS is focused on supporting transinstitutional health care processes including health record systems, integration of new data types and knowledge based decision support, patient empowerment, the utilization of new technologies like wearable systems or ubiquitous computing in home and personal care, and methods and tools for the analysis, development, management, and evaluation of HIS.The best paper selection of articles on HIS comprises examples of excellent research on integration of HIS based on standards for electronic health records, methods and tools for HIS oriented change management, the use of wearable systems for telemedical surveillance of chronically ill patients, technology driven home care concepts for the elderly and physically disabled, and data privacy issues arising from the emergence of new clinical data types in the context of biomedicine. Besides successful research concerning important aspects of HIS, achieving interoperability and integration of health information subsystems and technology remains an important field of work.

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Browne, Christopher, and Jolyon M. Medlock. "Equine infectious disease surveillance: surveillance concepts and international outbreak reporting systems." Veterinary Record 185, no. 21 (November 28, 2019): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.l6735.

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Krause, G. "From evaluation to continuous quality assurance of surveillance systems." Eurosurveillance 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.11.11.00657-en.

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Surveillance systems have been described as the nerve cells of public health with afferent arms receiving information, cell bodies analysing the information and efferent arms initiating appropriate action or further distribution of information [1]. Increasing numbers of scientific publications on the methodology and evaluation of surveillance systems seem to underline the importance of surveillance systems in public health. The most often cited references in these publications appear to be the definition of public health surveillance by Thacker and Berkelman [2] and variations thereof, and the recommendations for evaluating surveillance systems from 1988 [3] and its update from 2002 written by working groups at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States[4].

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DREWE, J. A., L. J. HOINVILLE, A. J. C. COOK, T. FLOYD, and K. D. C. STÄRK. "Evaluation of animal and public health surveillance systems: a systematic review." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 4 (November 11, 2011): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811002160.

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SUMMARYDisease surveillance programmes ought to be evaluated regularly to ensure they provide valuable information in an efficient manner. Evaluation of human and animal health surveillance programmes around the world is currently not standardized and therefore inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to review surveillance system attributes and the methods used for their assessment, together with the strengths and weaknesses of existing frameworks for evaluating surveillance in animal health, public health and allied disciplines. Information from 99 articles describing the evaluation of 101 surveillance systems was examined. A wide range of approaches for assessing 23 different system attributes was identified although most evaluations addressed only one or two attributes and comprehensive evaluations were uncommon. Surveillance objectives were often not stated in the articles reviewed and so the reasons for choosing certain attributes for assessment were not always apparent. This has the potential to introduce misleading results in surveillance evaluation. Due to the wide range of system attributes that may be assessed, methods should be explored which collapse these down into a small number of grouped characteristics by focusing on the relationships between attributes and their links to the objectives of the surveillance system and the evaluation. A generic and comprehensive evaluation framework could then be developed consisting of a limited number of common attributes together with several sets of secondary attributes which could be selected depending on the disease or range of diseases under surveillance and the purpose of the surveillance. Economic evaluation should be an integral part of the surveillance evaluation process. This would provide a significant benefit to decision-makers who often need to make choices based on limited or diminishing resources.

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Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, and Jacques E. Raubenheimer. "A Real-Time Infodemiology Study on Public Interest in Mpox (Monkeypox) following the World Health Organization Global Public Health Emergency Declaration." Information 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010005.

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Google Trends (GT) is a useful real-time surveillance tool for epidemic outbreaks such as monkeypox (Mpox). GT provides hour-by-hour (real-time) data for the last seven days of Google searches. Non-real-time data are a random sample that encompasses search trends from 2004 and up to 72 h. Google Health Trends (GHT) API extracts daily raw search probabilities relative to the time period and size of the underlying population. However, little is known about the utility of GT real-time surveillance and GHT API following the public health announcements. Thus, this study aimed to analyzed Mpox GT real-time, non-real-time, and GHT API data 72 h before and after the WHO declared Mpox a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in the top five Mpox-affected countries. Joinpoint regression was used to measure hourly percentage changes (HPC) in search volume. The WHO PHEIC statement on Mpox generated 18,225.6 per 10 million Google searches in the U.S. and Germany (946.8), and in 0–4 h, the HPC increased by an average of 103% (95% CI: 37.4–200.0). This study showed the benefits of real-time surveillance and the GHT API for monitoring online demand for information on emerging infectious diseases such as Mpox.

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Groseclose, Samuel L., and David L. Buckeridge. "Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recent Advances in Their Use and Evaluation." Annual Review of Public Health 38, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044348.

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Surveillance is critical for improving population health. Public health surveillance systems generate information that drives action, and the data must be of sufficient quality and with a resolution and timeliness that matches objectives. In the context of scientific advances in public health surveillance, changing health care and public health environments, and rapidly evolving technologies, the aim of this article is to review public health surveillance systems. We consider their current use to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the public health system, the role of system stakeholders, the analysis and interpretation of surveillance data, approaches to system monitoring and evaluation, and opportunities for future advances in terms of increased scientific rigor, outcomes-focused research, and health informatics.

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Mnatsakanyan, Zaruhi R., Howard S. Burkom, Mohammad R. Hashemian, and Michael A. Coletta. "Distributed information fusion models for regional public health surveillance." Information Fusion 13, no. 2 (April 2012): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2010.12.002.

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Martin, Erika G., and John S. Angles. "Incorporating a Health Equity Lens Into Surveillance Information Systems: Opportunities and Challenges." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 29, no. 1 (January 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001666.

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Johansen, Monika A., Jeremiah Scholl, Gudleif Aronsen, Gunnar Hartvigsen, and Johan G. Bellika. "An exploratory study of disease surveillance systems in Norway." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 14, no. 7 (October 2008): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2008.007010.

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We conducted a qualitative study of the system for contagious disease surveillance in Norway. Semi-structured interviews were held with five general practitioners (GPs), including one person responsible for informing GPs in their region about potentially serious disease outbreaks. The interviews suggested that the existing system had several limitations, making it of little relevance to local epidemics or daily medical practice. Specifically, it was difficult and time-consuming for physicians to locate relevant information, and there was a substantial delay between reported diagnoses and eventual feedback about outbreaks. This resulted in information that was too old to be of value. The interviews also investigated design matters related to future realtime disease surveillance systems. The GPs expressed interest in a distributed system for realtime extraction and presentation of data from electronic record systems. They required that any such system be customizable to the specific needs of the doctor in order to be relevant in day-to-day practice, and that correct interpretation of data would be possible in the minimum of time.

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Hill, Shawndra, Raina Merchant, and Lyle Ungar. "Lessons Learned About Public Health from Online Crowd Surveillance." Big Data 1, no. 3 (September 2013): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/big.2013.0020.

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Oberin, Madalene, Skye Badger, Céline Faverjon, Angus Cameron, and Melanie Bannister-Tyrrell. "Electronic information systems for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic scoping review." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 1 (January 2022): e007388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007388.

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IntroductionElectronic information systems (EIS) that implement a ‘One Health’ approach by integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data across the human, animal and environmental health sectors, have been identified as a global priority. However, evidence on the availability, technical capacities and effectiveness of such EIS is scarce.MethodsThrough a qualitative synthesis of evidence, this systematic scoping review aims to: identify EIS for AMR surveillance that operate across human, animal and environmental health sectors; describe their technical characteristics and capabilities; and assess whether there is evidence for the effectiveness of the various EIS for AMR surveillance. Studies and reports between 1 January 2000 and 21 July 2021 from peer-reviewed and grey literature in the English language were included.Results26 studies and reports were included in the final review, of which 27 EIS were described. None of the EIS integrated AMR data in a One Health approach across all three sectors. While there was a lack of evidence of thorough evaluations of the effectiveness of the identified EIS, several surveillance system effectiveness indicators were reported for most EIS. Standardised reporting of the effectiveness of EIS is recommended for future publications. The capabilities of the EIS varied in their technical design features, in terms of usability, data display tools and desired outputs. EIS that included interactive features, and geospatial maps are increasingly relevant for future trends in AMR data analytics.ConclusionNo EIS for AMR surveillance was identified that was designed to integrate a broad range of AMR data from humans, animals and the environment, representing a major gap in global efforts to implement One Health approaches to address AMR.

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Geofrey, Anna, Maulilio J. Kipanyula, Kadeghe Fue, and Camilius Sanga. "Understanding Strategies for Implementing Integrated Information Systems for Rabies Surveillance." International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijudh.2017010102.

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Rabies continues to be one of the most perilous viral diseases that affect the nervous system and remains a significant threat to public health across the globe. Available data that show that rabies claims about 59,000 human lives annually. Most industrialized countries have eliminated rabies from domestic dog populations. Conversely, in most of the developing countries, rabies remains endemic in domestic dog populations and poorly controlled. One of the challenges in eradicating rabies in developing countries is attributed to ineffective surveillance systems. Different stakeholders have developed solutions to address this problem without tangible outcomes. Estimation of the economic burden particularly in developing countries is difficult because of the inadequacy of update and reliable surveillance data. Certainly, it is very challenging even to obtain basic information on how many human lives are lost due to rabies and the economics behind preventing the disease amongst those exposed. Up-to-date, official reporting of incidence data on rabies and rabies exposures status remains desperately poor in most canine rabies-endemic countries. Consequently, there is increasingly underestimation of the true burden of the diseases. Worse still data from active surveillance studies highlight the disparities between officially reported and recorded and likely occurring rabies deaths. In some cases, it has been shown that there are higher mortality rates than officially reported data, especially in resource deprived areas. This calls for a need to establish an integrated surveillance system, which allows data to be shared openly among different stakeholders dealing with rabies. The paper presents the state of art of rabies in Tanzania and evaluates the application of ICT in surveillance. It also advocates for a need of a comprehensive approach to addressing the problem. Development and adoption of integrated surveillance systems for rabies and other zoonotic diseases remain a nightmare in many developing countries including Tanzania. This paper calls for the development of an integrated standard mechanism for countries to assess their rabies status and measure progress in eliminating the disease. Such a system will fill the missing link between surveillance and control measures.

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Thacker, Stephen B., and Donna F. Stroup. "Future Directions for Comprehensive Public Health Surveillance and Health Information Systems in the United States." American Journal of Epidemiology 140, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117261.

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Hanrahan, Lawrence P., Henry A. Anderson, Brian Busby, Marni Bekkedal, Thomas Sieger, Laura Stephenson, Lynda Knobeloch, Mark Werner, Pamela Imm, and Joseph Olson. "Wisconsin’s Environmental Public Health Tracking Network: Information Systems Design for Childhood Cancer Surveillance." Environmental Health Perspectives 112, no. 14 (October 2004): 1434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7150.

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Williams, F., A. Oke, and I. Zachary. "Public health delivery in the information age: the role of informatics and technology." Perspectives in Public Health 139, no. 5 (February 13, 2019): 236–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913918802308.

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Aim: Public health systems have embraced health informatics and information technology as a potential transformational tool to improve real-time surveillance systems, communication, and sharing of information among various agencies. Global pandemic outbreaks like Zika and Ebola were quickly controlled due to electronic surveillance systems enabling efficient information access and exchange. However, there is the need for a more robust technology to enhance adequate epidemic forecasting, data sharing, and effective communication. The purpose of this review was to examine the use of informatics and information technology tools and its impact on public health delivery. Method: Investigators searched six electronic databases. These were MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, COMPENDEX, Scopus, and Academic Search Premier from January 2000 to 31 March 2016. Results: A total of 60 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. These studies were organized into three areas as (1) definition of the term public health informatics; (2) type of public health surveillance systems and implications for public health; and (3) electronic surveillance systems functionality, capability, training, and challenges. Our analysis revealed that due to the growing expectations to provide real-time response and population-centered evidence-based public health in this information-driven age there has been a surge in informatics and information technology adoption. Education and training programs are now available to equip public health students and professionals with skills in public health informatics. However, obstacles including interoperability, data standardization, privacy, and technology transfer persist. Conclusion: Re-engineering the delivery of public health is necessary to meet the demands of the 21st century and beyond. To meet this expectation, public health must invest in workforce development and capacity through education and training in informatics.

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Bandayrel, Kristofer, Stephen Lapinsky, and Michael Christian. "Information Technology Systems for Critical Care Triage and Medical Response During an Influenza Pandemic: A Review of Current Systems." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 3 (June 2013): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.45.

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AbstractObjectivesTo assess local, state, federal, and global pandemic influenza preparedness by identifying pandemic plans at the local, state, federal, and global levels, and to identify any information technology (IT) systems in these plans to support critical care triage during an influenza pandemic in the Canadian province of Ontario.MethodsThe authors used advanced MEDLINE and Google search strategies and conducted a comprehensive review of key pandemic influenza Web sites. Descriptive data extraction and analysis for IT systems were conducted on all of the included pandemic plans.ResultsA total of 155 pandemic influenza plans were reviewed: 29 local, 62 state, 63 federal, and 1 global. We found 70 plans that examined IT systems (10 local, 33 state, 26 federal, 1 global), and 85 that did not (19 local, 29 state, 37 federal). Of the 70 plans, 64 described surveillance systems (10 local, 32 state, 21 federal, 1 global), 2 described patient data collection systems (1 state, 1 federal); 4 described other types of IT systems (4 federal), and none were intended for triage.ConclusionsAlthough several pandemic plans have been drafted, the majority are high-level general documents that do not describe IT systems. The plans that discuss IT systems focus strongly on surveillance, which fails to recognize the needs of a health care system responding to an influenza pandemic. The best examples of the types of IT systems to guide decision making during a pandemic were found in the Kansas and the Czech Republic pandemic plans, because these systems were designed to collect both patient and surveillance data. Although Ontario has yet to develop such an IT system, several IT systems are in place that could be leveraged to support critical care triage and medical response during an influenza pandemic. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:287-291)

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Hilgers, R. D., R. Hofestädt, U. Hübner, P. Knaup-Gregori, C. Ose, C. Schmoor, A. Timmer, D. Wege, and A. Winter. "Good Medicine and Good Health-care Demand Good Information (Systems)." Methods of Information in Medicine 54, no. 05 (2015): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me15-05-1001.

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SummaryThe demand for evidence-based health informatics and benchmarking of ‘good’ information systems in health care gives an opportunity to continue reporting on recent papers in the German journal GMS Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (MIBE) here. The publications in focus deal with a comparison of benchmarking initiatives in German-speaking countries, use of communication standards in telemonitoring scenarios, the estimation of national cancer incidence rates and modifications of parametric tests. Furthermore papers in this issue of MIM are introduced which originally have been presented at the Annual Conference of the German Society of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology. They deal as well with evidence and evaluation of ‘good’ information systems but also with data harmonization, surveillance in obstetrics, adaptive designs and parametrical testing in statistical analysis, patient registries and signal processing.

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GUZEWICH, JOHN J., FRANK L. BRYAN, and EWEN C. D. TODD. "Surveillance of Foodborne Disease I. Purposes and Types of Surveillance Systems and Networks." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.5.555.

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This is the first part of a four-part series on foodborne disease surveillance. Although these articles are primarily built on expertise gained within North America, the substance is of value to any community or country wishing to initiate or improve its surveillance system. Foodborne disease surveillance is necessary for preventing further spread of foodborne disease and includes identifying and controlling outbreaks at the time they are occurring; gathering data on incidence of these diseases and prevalence of their etiologic agents, vehicles, and reservoirs; identifying factors that led to the outbreaks; providing a data bank for HACCP systems and risk assessments; estimating health and economic impacts of foodborne diseases; and providing information upon which to base rational food safety program goals and priorities. Reports of outbreaks by local health agencies to regional and, then, national agencies responsible for disease surveillance, laboratory isolations of certain foodborne pathogens from human beings, sentinel community studies, and hazard surveillance are the types of foodborne disease surveillance activities that are used to varying extents in Canada and the U.S. In recent years, some national surveillance reports have been collated internationally in Europe and Latin America. Surveillance at local, state/provincial, national, and international levels must be coordinated for effective and rapid transfer of data. Computer software can assist investigation and management of the information submitted through surveillance networks. Information summarized on individual reports usually includes (a) location of the event, (b) clinical data, (c) epidemiologic data, (d) laboratory findings, and (e) results of on-site investigations. Each outbreak report should be subjected to critical review before classifying it into the various categories of surveillance data. Such a review would also be useful when comparing surveillance data from different places and intervals. Highlights of individual reports are tabulated as line listings that are the direct sources of surveillance data, which are the subject of the second and third parts of this series.

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Delgado, Hernán L., and Mireya Palmieri. "Sentinel Surveillance in Health and Nutrition: Experience in Guatemala." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 15, no. 4 (December 1994): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659401500417.

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Health information systems in most Central American countries fail to produce reliable, timely, representative, and useful information to define target groups and interventions. This situation originated the need to develop new methodologies for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information regarding health and nutrition, as well as health services. For this purpose, between 1985 and 1987, the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) and the Ministry of Health and Social We/fare of Guatemala jointly implemented a sentinel surveillance subsystem. During this period, 119 rural communities of 1,000 + 250 inhabitants were longitudinally studied in four rounds of surveys. The Institute transferred the methodology and results to the Ministry of Health through INCAP's communication channels: dissemination of information, direct technical assistance, training, and research. The methodology has not been widely used by national health officialis; therefore, it has become necessary to develop operational research to assess the relationship between decision-making and information availability.

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Siffel, Csaba, Matthew J. Strickland, Bennett R. Gardner, Russell S. Kirby, and Adolfo Correa. "Role of geographic information systems in birth defects surveillance and research." Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology 76, no. 11 (2006): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdra.20325.

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Luquetti, Daniela Varela, and Rosalina Jorge Koifman. "Surveillance of birth defects: Brazil and the US." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 16, suppl 1 (2011): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232011000700008.

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The impacts of birth defects in the society have substantially increased over the last decades in countries where the reduction of infant mortality by other causes has occurred. Birth defects surveillance represents an important source of information for planning X health policies and resource allocation. In this article, we discuss the potential utilizations, methodology options, limitations, and policy issues related to birth defects surveillance. Also, the birth defects surveillance programs from US and Brazil are described and compared as an illustration of the development of surveillance systems in two countries with clearly dissimilar health systems and resource allocation for birth defects programs. Finally, we propose measures for the improvement of the existing systems in both countries focusing at the utilization of preexisting resources.

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Krause, G., J. Benzler, G. Reiprich, and R. Görgen. "Improvement of a national public health surveillance system through use of a quality circle." Eurosurveillance 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.11.11.00659-en.

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Surveillance systems for infectious diseases build the basis for effective public health measures in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Assessing and improving the quality of such national surveillance systems is a challenge, as many different administrations and professions contribute to a complex system in which sensitive information must be exchanged in a reliable and timely fashion. We conducted a multidisciplinary quality circle on the national public health surveillance system in Germany which included clinicians, laboratory physicians, and staff from local and state health departments as well as from the Robert Koch-Institut. The recommendations resulting from the quality circle included proposals to change the federal law for the control of infectious diseases as well as practical activities such as the change of notification forms and the mailing of faxed information letters to clinicians. A number of recommendations have since been implemented, and some have resulted in measurable improvements. This demonstrates that the applied method of quality circle is a useful tool to improve the quality of national public health surveillance systems.

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Hargono, Arief, Kurnia D. Artanti, Fariani Syahrul, and Evi Lioni. "Analysis of Integrated Information Systems in Community-based and School-based Public Health Surveillance." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (August 4, 2022): 1316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9346.

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BACKGROUND: The involvement of the community in supporting health programs requires an integrated information system. Public health registers obtained by the community means some data is collected repeatedly in different formats or leads to data redundancy. AIM: This research aims to analyze and design an integrated information system model of current community-based and school-based public health surveillance based on a system development life cycle approach. METHODS: Data analysis is carried out using content analysis. RESULTS: The results show that entities involved in the system include health cadres in Posyandu (an integrated health post for maternal and child health), Posbindu (an integrated development post of noncommunicable disease), and school health services. The necessary data include data on vital characteristics, maternal and child health, the risk factors of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, students’ illness complaints, clean and healthy living behavior, mortality, and environmental health. Information obtained includes the health status of an individual, planning on pregnancy and labor, antenatal care visits, stunting data, immunization status, students’ illness complaints, the number of accidents, larva-free rate, and mortality rate. Information from the system is reported to public health centers, the district health office, and district education office. CONCLUSION: The output of the system is useful to complement the recording and reporting of data from health facilities.

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Li, Tao, Lijia Yang, Sarah E. Smith-Jeffcoat, Alice Wang, Hui Guo, Wei Chen, Xin Du, and Hui Zhang. "Assessing the Quality of Reporting to China’s National TB Surveillance Systems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052264.

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(1) Background: The reliability of disease surveillance may be restricted by sensitivity or ability to capture all disease. Objective: To quantify under-reporting and concordance of recording persons with tuberculosis (TB) in national TB surveillance systems: the Infectious Disease Reporting System (IDRS) and Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS). (2) Methods: This retrospective review includes 4698 patients identified in 2016 in China. County staff linked TB patients identified from facility-specific health and laboratory information systems with records in IDRS and TBIMS. Under-reporting was calculated, and timeliness, concordance, accuracy, and completeness were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with under-reporting. (3) Results: We found that 505 (10.7%) patients were missing within IDRS and 1451 (30.9%) patients were missing within TBIMS. Of 171 patient records reviewed in IDRS and 170 patient records in TBIMS, 12.3% and 6.5% were found to be untimely, and 10.7% and 7.1% were found to have an inconsistent home address. The risk of under-reporting to both IDRS and TBIMS was greatest at tertiary health facilities and among non-residents; the risk of under-reporting to TBIMS was greatest with patients aged 65 or older and with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). (4) Conclusions: It is important to improve the reporting and recording of TB patients. Local TB programs that focus on training, and mentoring high-burden hospitals, facilities that cater to EPTB, and migrant patients may improve reporting and recording.

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Kashiouris, M., J. C. O’Horo, B. W. Pickering, and V. Herasevich. "Diagnostic Performance of Electronic Syndromic Surveillance Systems in Acute Care." Applied Clinical Informatics 04, no. 02 (2013): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2012-12-ra-0053.

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SummaryContext: Healthcare Electronic Syndromic Surveillance (ESS) is the systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of ongoing clinical data with subsequent dissemination of results, which aid clinical decision-making.Objective: To evaluate, classify and analyze the diagnostic performance, strengths and limitations of existing acute care ESS systems.Data Sources: All available to us studies in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus databases, from as early as January 1972 through the first week of September 2012.Study Selection: Prospective and retrospective trials, examining the diagnostic performance of inpatient ESS and providing objective diagnostic data including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted diagnostic performance data on ESS systems, including clinical area, number of decision points, sensitivity and specificity. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for each healthcare ESS system. A likelihood matrix summarizing the various ESS systems performance was created.Results: The described search strategy yielded 1639 articles. Of these, 1497 were excluded on abstract information. After full text review, abstraction and arbitration with a third reviewer, 33 studies met inclusion criteria, reporting 102,611 ESS decision points. The yielded I2 was high (98.8%), precluding meta-analysis. Performance was variable, with sensitivities ranging from 21% –100% and specificities ranging from 5%-100%.Conclusions: There is significant heterogeneity in the diagnostic performance of the available ESS implements in acute care, stemming from the wide spectrum of different clinical entities and ESS systems. Based on the results, we introduce a conceptual framework using a likelihood ratio matrix for evaluation and meaningful application of future, frontline clinical decision support systems.Citation: Kashiouris M, O’Horo JC, Pickering BW, Herasevich V. Diagnostic performance of electronic syndromic surveillance systems in acute care – a systematic review. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 212–224http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-12-RA-0053

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Huang, Gejun, An Hu, and Wenhong Chen. "Privacy at risk? Understanding the perceived privacy protection of health code apps in China." Big Data & Society 9, no. 2 (July 2022): 205395172211351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517221135132.

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As a key constituent of China's approach to fighting COVID-19, Health Code apps (HCAs) not only serve the pandemic control imperatives but also exercise the agency of digital surveillance. As such, HCAs pave a new avenue for ongoing discussions on contact tracing solutions and privacy amid the global pandemic. This article attends to the perceived privacy protection among HCA users via the lens of the contextual integrity theory. Drawing on an online survey of adult HCA users in Wuhan and Hangzhou (N = 1551), we find users’ perceived convenience, attention towards privacy policy, trust in government, and acceptance of government purposes regarding HCA data management are significant contributors to users’ perceived privacy protection in using the apps. By contrast, users’ frequency of mobile privacy protection behaviors has limited influence, and their degrees of perceived protection do not vary by sociodemographic status. These findings shed new light on China's distinctive approach to pandemic control with respect to the state's expansion of big data-driven surveillance capacity. Also, the findings foreground the heuristic value of contextual integrity theory to examine controversial digital surveillance in non-Western contexts. Put tougher, our findings contribute to the thriving scholarly conversations around digital privacy and surveillance in China, as well as contact tracing solutions and privacy amid the global pandemic.

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Burke, Patrick C., Rachel Benish Shirley, Jacob Raciniewski, James F. Simon, Robert Wyllie, and Thomas G. Fraser. "Development and Evaluation of a Fully Automated Surveillance System for Influenza-Associated Hospitalization at a Multihospital Health System in Northeast Ohio." Applied Clinical Informatics 11, no. 04 (August 2020): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715651.

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Abstract Background Performing high-quality surveillance for influenza-associated hospitalization (IAH) is challenging, time-consuming, and essential. Objectives Our objectives were to develop a fully automated surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed IAH at our multihospital health system, to evaluate the performance of the automated system during the 2018 to 2019 influenza season at eight hospitals by comparing its sensitivity and positive predictive value to that of manual surveillance, and to estimate the time and cost savings associated with reliance on the automated surveillance system. Methods Infection preventionists (IPs) perform manual surveillance for IAH by reviewing laboratory records and making a determination about each result. For automated surveillance, we programmed a query against our Enterprise Data Vault (EDV) for cases of IAH. The EDV query was established as a dynamic data source to feed our data visualization software, automatically updating every 24 hours.To establish a gold standard of cases of IAH against which to evaluate the performance of manual and automated surveillance systems, we generated a master list of possible IAH by querying four independent information systems. We reviewed medical records and adjudicated whether each possible case represented a true case of IAH. Results We found 844 true cases of IAH, 577 (68.4%) of which were detected by the manual system and 774 (91.7%) of which were detected by the automated system. The positive predictive values of the manual and automated systems were 89.3 and 88.3%, respectively.Relying on the automated surveillance system for IAH resulted in an average recoup of 82 minutes per day for each IP and an estimated system-wide payroll redirection of $32,880 over the four heaviest weeks of influenza activity. Conclusion Surveillance for IAH can be entirely automated at multihospital health systems, saving time, and money while improving case detection.

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Broadley, Karen, and Chris Goddard. "A Public Health Approach to Child Protection: Why Data Matter." Children Australia 40, no. 1 (November 3, 2014): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.37.

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In Australia, many researchers and policy makers believe that statutory child protection systems are overburdened and ineffective. The way forward, they suggest, is a public health model of child protection. A public health approach comprises four steps: (1) collecting surveillance data; (2) establishing causes and correlations; (3) developing and evaluating interventions; and (4) disseminating information about the effectiveness of intervention activities to the public health community. However, in Australia there are no reliable surveillance data. There is no information about ‘person’. Information is not collected about the characteristics of children (e.g., ethnicity) and parents (e.g., mental illness) reported to child protection services. Data are not comparable across place. This is because the states and territories have their own child protection legislation, definitions and data recording methods. Data are not comparable over time. This is because many jurisdictions have introduced new data recording systems over recent years. This paper concludes that it is essential to develop an effective child protection surveillance data system. This will ensure that services are located in areas and targeted towards populations in greatest need. It will enable large-scale evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention and intervention activities.

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Tami, Adriana, Maria E. Grillet, and Martin P. Grobusch. "Applying geographical information systems (GIS) to arboviral disease surveillance and control: A powerful tool." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 14, no. 1 (January 2016): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.01.002.

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Black, Jennifer, Rachel Hulkower, Walter Suarez, Shreya Patel, and Brandon Elliott. "Public Health Surveillance: Electronic Reporting as a Point of Reference." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, S2 (2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519857309.

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Federal, state, and local laws shape the use of health information for public health purposes, such as the mandated collection of data through electronic disease reporting systems. Health professionals can leverage these data to better anticipate and plan for the needs of communities, which is seen in the use of electronic case reporting.

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LI, JOHN, GULZAR H. SHAH, and CRAIG HEDBERG. "Complaint-Based Surveillance for Foodborne Illness in the United States: A Survey of Local Health Departments." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-353.

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Foodborne illnesses are an important public health problem in the United States in terms of both the burden of illness and cost to the health care system. Strengthening foodborne illness surveillance helps address the growing issues of food safety in the United States. Very little is known about the use of consumer complaint surveillance systems for foodborne illness. This study evaluates the use of these surveillance systems by local health departments (LHDs) in the United States and their practices and policies for investigating complaints. Data for this study were collected through two Web-based surveys based on a representative sample of LHDs in the United States; 81% of LHDs use complaint-based surveillance. Of those that did not have a complaint system, 64% reported that the state health department or another agency ran their complaint system. Health departments collect a wide variety of information from callers through their complaint systems, including food intake history. Most of the LHDs, however, do not store the information in an electronic database. Outbreak rates and complaint rates were found to be positively correlated, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.38. Complaints were the most common outbreak detection mechanism reported by respondents, with a median of 69% of outbreaks during the previous year found through complaints. Complaint systems are commonly used in the United States. Increasing the rate at which illnesses are reported by the public and improving investigation practices could help increase the number of outbreaks detected through complaint surveillance.

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McFarlane, Daniel C., Alexa K. Doig, James A. Agutter, Jonathan L. Mercurio, Ranjeev Mittu, Lara M. Brewer, and Noah D. Syroid. "Defeating information overload in health surveillance using a metacognitive aid innovation from military combat systems." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 14, no. 4 (September 9, 2016): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512916667246.

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Modern sensors for health surveillance generate high volumes and rates of data that currently overwhelm operational decision-makers. These data are collected with the intention of enabling front-line clinicians to make effective clinical judgments. Ironically, prior human–systems integration (HSI) studies show that the flood of data degrades rather than aids decision-making performance. Health surveillance operations can focus on aggregate changes to population health or on the status of individual people. In the case of clinical monitoring, medical device alarms currently create an information overload situation for front-line clinical workers, such as hospital nurses. Consequently, alarms are often missed or ignored, and an impending patient adverse event may not be recognized in time to prevent crisis. One innovation used to improve decision making in areas of data-rich environments is the Human Alerting and Interruption Logistics (HAIL) technology, which was originally sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research. HAIL delivers metacognitive HSI services that empower end-users to quickly triage interruptions and dynamically manage their multitasking. HAIL informed our development of an experimental prototype that provides a set of context-enabled alarm notification services (without automated alarm filtering) to support users’ metacognition for information triage. This application is called HAIL Clinical Alarm Triage (HAIL-CAT) and was designed and implemented on a smartwatch to support the mobile multitasking of hospital nurses. An empirical study was conducted in a 20-bed virtual hospital with high-fidelity patient simulators. Four teams of four registered nurses (16 in total) participated in a 180-minute simulated patient care scenario. Each nurse was assigned responsibility to care for five simulated patients and high rates of simulated health surveillance data were available from patient monitors, infusion pumps, and a call light system. Thirty alarms per nurse were generated in each 90-minute segment of the data collection sessions, only three of which were clinically important alarms. The within-subjects experimental design included a treatment condition where the nurses used HAIL-CAT on a smartwatch to triage and manage alarms and a control condition without the smartwatch. The results show that, when using the smartwatch, nurses responded three times faster to clinically important and actionable alarms. An analysis of nurse performance also shows no negative effects on their other duties. Subjective results show favorable opinions about utility, usability, training requirement, and adoptability. These positive findings suggest the potential for the HAIL HSI system to be transferrable to the domain of health surveillance to achieve the currently unrealized potential utility of high-volume data.

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Dalmau Llorca, M. Rosa, Elisabet Castro Blanco, Carina Aguilar Martín, Noèlia Carrasco-Querol, Zojaina Hernández Rojas, Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves, and José Fernández-Sáez. "Early Detection of the Start of the Influenza Epidemic Using Surveillance Systems in Catalonia (PREVIGrip Study)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417048.

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Sentinel physician networks are the method of influenza surveillance recommended by the World Health Organization. Weekly clinical diagnoses based on clinical history are a surveillance method that provides more immediate information. The objective of this study is to evaluate which influenza surveillance system is capable of the earliest detection of the start of the annual influenza epidemic. We carried out an ecological time-series study based on influenza data from the population of Catalonia from the 2010–2011 to the 2018–2019 seasons. Rates of clinical diagnoses and of confirmed cases in Catalonia were used to study the changes in trends in the different surveillance systems, the differences in area and time lag between the curves of the different surveillance systems using Joinpoint regression, Simpson’s 1/3 method and cross-correlation, respectively. In general, changes in the trend of the curves were detected before the beginning of the epidemic in most seasons, using the rates for the complete seasons and the pre-epidemic rates. No time lag was observed between clinical diagnoses and the total confirmed cases. Therefore, clinical diagnoses in Primary Care could be a useful tool for early detection of the start of influenza epidemics in Catalonia.

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Singh, Dr Chetanpal, Dr Rahul Thakkar, and Jatinder Warraich. "Social Media-Based Surveillance Systems for Healthcare using Machine Learning." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 6 (November 7, 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2022.7.6.2914.

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One of the most popular domains that have caught the attention of researchers is real-time surveillance in the health and informatics segment. Many initiatives have been discovered due to this real-time surveillance surrounding public health informatics. Real-time surveillance in the health and informatics field has used the information from social media to predict the outbreak of diseases as well as to look after the diseases. There is no doubt in the fact that the availability of the data from social media in the recent past, especially the data from Twitter, has offered the researchers real-time syndromic surveillance in making quick analyses and conclusions in investigating the disease outbreak. The paper will get to know about the recent work of machine learning trends and text classification that has been utilized by the surveillance system by using the data from social media in the field of healthcare. Apart from this, the paper has also discussed the various limitations and challenges by taking into account the future direction that can be considered in this domain further.

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Sadeghi, Malihe, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Beheshteh Olang, Hamed Seddighi, and Abbas Sheikhtaheri. "A Survey of implementation status of child nutrition surveillance systems, registry systems and information systems: a scoping literature review protocol." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (August 2021): e001164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001164.

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IntroductionChild malnutrition in all forms is known globally as the leading cause of poor health. Planning and solving this challenge require sources that collect data accurately. Nutrition surveillance systems (NSS), nutrition registry systems (NRS) and nutrition information systems (NIS) collect and analyse data on nutrition status. Unfortunately, these systems only exist in a few countries. The methods that these systems use significantly differ and their effectiveness is also scarcely researched. This scoping literature review aimed to conduct a survey on NSS, NRS and NIS that collect data on children’s nutrition at national and international levels, along with their attributes.Methods and analysisThe methods and analyses of this scoping review follow the Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. This scoping literature review will be conducted in five stages based on this method. (1) The main research question and subquestions are identified. (2) Relevant studies are extracted. In this step, we will search electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science. A manual search will also be performed in Google Scholar, grey literature, and the websites of organisations such as WHO, UNICEF, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Service, International Food Policy Research Institute, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance, United Nations World Food Programme, and United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. (3) Extracted studies are separately reviewed by two reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and eligible studies are then selected. A third reviewer resolves disagreements. (4) A checklist is developed to extract the features. Data of included systems are separately extracted and entered into a checklist by two reviewers. A third reviewer then resolves any disagreement. (5) Data are summarised and analysed and are presented in tables and figures.DiscussionThis scoping literature review provides strong evidence of the status of systems that collect data on the status of child nutrition. This evidence can help select best practices which can be applied to develop future systems. It can also be a positive step towards achieving an integrated system.

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Al-Haboubi, Mustafa, Rebecca E. Glover, Elizabeth Eastmure, Mark Petticrew, Nick Black, and Nicholas Mays. "Quality and Utility of Information Captured by Surveillance Systems Relevant to Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): A Systematic Review." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040431.

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Health surveillance systems are considered vital for combatting antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, the evidence-base on the effectiveness of these systems in providing information that can be used by healthcare professionals, or the acceptability of these systems by users, has not been reviewed. A systematic review was conducted of a number of databases to synthesise the evidence. The review identified 43 studies that met the inclusion criteria, conducted in 18 countries and used 11 attributes in their assessment of surveillance systems. The majority of systems evaluated were for monitoring the incidence of tuberculosis. The studies found that most surveillance systems were underperforming in key attributes that relate to both effectiveness and acceptability. We identified that two features of systems (ease of use and users’ awareness of systems) were associated with greater acceptability and completeness of systems. We recommend prioritising these for the improvement of existing systems, as well as ensuring consistency in the definition of attributes studied, to allow a more consistent approach in evaluations of surveillance systems, and to facilitate the identification of the attributes that have the greatest impact on the utility of data produced.

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Martínez-Avilés, Marta, Macarena Garrido-Estepa, Julio Álvarez, and Ana de la Torre. "Salmonella Surveillance Systems in Swine and Humans in Spain: A Review." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010020.

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Non-typhoid salmonellosis is a common and problematic foodborne zoonotic disease in which pork and pork products can be an important potential source of infection. To prevent this disease, important efforts to monitor the situation in the main source, livestock, are conducted in most developed countries. In the European Union, European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) compile information at the member-state level, even though important differences in production systems and surveillance systems exist. Here, Salmonella surveillance systems in one of the main sources of foodborne salmonellosis, swine, and humans in Spain were reviewed to identify potential gaps and discuss potential ways of integration under a “One-Health” approach. Despite the extensive information generated through the surveillance activities, source attribution can be only routinely performed through ad-hoc outbreak investigations, and national reports on human outbreaks do not provide sufficiently detailed information to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of the pathogen. Human and animal monitoring of Salmonella would benefit from a better exchange of information and collaboration. Analysis of spatio-temporal trends in livestock and humans could help to identify likely sources of infection and to target surveillance efforts in areas with higher prevalence or where specific strains are found.

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López, Diego M. "A reference Model for the Specification and Analysis of Information Systems for Public Health Surveillance." Sistemas y Telemática 5, no. 10 (March 27, 2008): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/syt.v5i10.982.

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Neave, Penny E., Anita E. Heywood, Katherine B. Gibney, and Karin Leder. "Imported infections: What information should be collected by surveillance systems to inform public health policy?" Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 14, no. 4 (July 2016): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.05.007.

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Tan, Alwyn, Mo Salman, Bruce Wagner, and Brian McCluskey. "The Role of Animal Health Components in a Biosurveillance System: Concept and Demonstration." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020457.

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Biosurveillance defines the process of gathering, integrating, interpreting, and communicating essential information related to all-hazards threats or disease activity affecting human, animal, or plant health to achieve early detection and warning, contribute to overall situational awareness of the health aspects of an incident, and to enable better decision making for action at all levels. Animal health surveillance is an important component within biosurveillance systems comprising a continuum of activities from detecting biological threats, to analyzing relevant data, to managing identified threats, and embracing a One Health concept. The animal health community can strengthen biosurveillance by adopting various developments such as increasing the alignment, engagement, and participation of stakeholders in surveillance systems, exploring new data streams, improving integration and analysis of data streams for decision-making, enhancing research and application of social sciences and behavioral methods in animal health surveillance, and performing timely evaluation of surveillance systems. The aim of this paper is to explore components of a biosurveillance system from an animal health perspective and identify opportunities for the animal health surveillance community to enhance biosurveillance. Structural and operational diagrams are presented to demonstrate the required components and relevant data of animal health surveillance as an effective part within a biosurveillance system.

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Raychaudhuri, Karpurika, and Pradeep Ray. "Privacy Challenges in the Use of eHealth Systems for Public Health Management." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jehmc.2010040102.

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Privacy is a major issue in information management for public health needs. For example, the surveillance of infectious diseases, such as HIV, is an important function of public health and it presents major privacy concerns for affected people. While their privacy must be protected, privacy concerns should not come in the way of effective data collection and surveillance. In this paper, the authors present a survey of published work covering privacy challenges in the use of eHealth systems, especially in the context of public health management. The authors identify and present the major privacy challenges, their effects on personal patient privacy and public health management based on the review of research in electronic data privacy and eHealth privacy. The authors also present a survey of privacy-preserving technologies and solutions that address these challenges.

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Okiror, Samuel, John Ogange, Hemant Shukla, Christine Lamoureau, Mwaka Monze, Amina Ismail, Anthony Kazoka, et al. "Surveillance Review System to Track Progress Towards Polio Eradication in the Horn of Africa." Journal of Immunological Sciences Special Issue, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2021/s2.1111.

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Background: The risk for importation and reintroduction wild poliovirus in areas that have been cleared of the wild poliovirus in the Horn of Africa will remain if the surveillance systems are weak and porous. Methods: Consequently, the Horn of Africa Polio Coordinating Office in Nairobi, together with partners conducted surveillance reviews for some of the countries in the Horn of Africa, especially Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia to identify gaps in the polio surveillance and provided recommendations for improved surveillance. Structured questionnaires collected information about acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance resources, training, data monitoring, and supervision at provincial, district, and health facility levels. Other information collected included resource availability, management and monitoring of AFP surveillance.Results: The result revealed that although AFP surveillance systems were well established in these countries, a number of gaps and constraints existed. Widespread deficiencies and inefficient resource flow systems were observed and reported at all levels. There were also deficiencies related to provider knowledge, funding, training, and supervision, and were particularly evident at the health facility level. These weaknesses were corroborated with the sustained transmission of polioviruses in the region, where the surveillance systems were not sensitive enough to pick the viruses. Conclusion: The review teams made useful recommendations that led to strengthening of the surveillance systems in these countries, including the formation and use of village polio volunteers in the south and central zones of Somalia, where security was heavily compromised and surveillance officers lacked regular access to the communities.

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TANIHARA, S., and S. SUZUKI. "Estimation of the incidence of MRSA patients: evaluation of a surveillance system using health insurance claim data." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 11 (April 8, 2016): 2260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000674.

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SUMMARYBecause sentinel surveillance systems cannot obtain information about patients who visit non-sentinel medical facilities, the characteristics of patients identified by these systems may be biased. In this study, we evaluated the representativeness of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) surveillance system using health insurance claim (HIC) data, which does not depend on physician notification. We calculated the age-specific incidence of MRSA patients using data from the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS) programme, which is based on sentinel surveillance systems, and inpatient HICs submitted to employee health insurance organizations in 2011, and then computed age-specific incidence ratios between the HIC and JANIS data. Age-specific MRSA incidence in both datasets followed J-shaped curves with similar shapes. For all age groups, the ratios between HIC and JANIS data were around 10. These findings indicate that JANIS notification of MRSA cases was not affected by patients’ age.

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Sintchenko, Vitali, and Blanca Gallego. "Laboratory-Guided Detection of Disease Outbreaks: Three Generations of Surveillance Systems." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 133, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 916–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/133.6.916.

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Abstract Context.—Traditional biothreat surveillance systems are vulnerable to incomplete and delayed reporting of public health threats. Objective.—To review current and emerging approaches to detection and monitoring of biothreats enabled by laboratory methods of diagnosis and to identify trends in the biosurveillance research. Data Sources.—PubMed (1995 to December 2007) was searched with the combined search terms “surveillance” and “infectious diseases.” Additional articles were identified by hand searching the bibliographies of selected papers. Additional search terms were “public health,” “disease monitoring,” “cluster,” “outbreak,” “laboratory notification,” “molecular,” “detection,” “evaluation,” “genomics,” “communicable diseases,” “geographic information systems,” “bioterrorism,” “genotyping,” and “informatics.” Publication language was restricted to English. The bibliographies of key references were later hand searched to identify articles missing in the database search. Three approaches to infectious disease surveillance that involve clinical laboratories are contrasted: (1) laboratory-initiated infectious disease notifications, (2) syndromic surveillance based on health indicators, and (3) genotyping based surveillance of biothreats. Advances in molecular diagnostics enable rapid genotyping of biothreats and investigations of genes that were not previously identifiable by traditional methods. There is a need for coordination between syndromic and laboratory-based surveillance. Insufficient and delayed decision support and inadequate integration of surveillance signals into action plans remain the 2 main barriers to efficient public health monitoring and response. Decision support for public health users of biosurveillance alerts is often lacking. Conclusions.—The merger of the 3 scientific fields of surveillance, genomics, and informatics offers an opportunity for the development of effective and rapid biosurveillance methods and tools.

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Astuti, Yulia, Aria Gusti, and Magdalena Magdalena. "Evaluation And Implementation Of Surveillance Systems During The Covid-19 Pandemic At The Padang Class II Port Health Office Working Area Of Minangkabau International Airport." Devotion : Journal of Community Service 3, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i2.97.

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Covid-19 has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. In addition, it has been declared a national disaster by the President of Indonesia. One of the efforts to prevent disease entry in an area is through surveillance activities, one of which is carried out at the Port Health Office of the Minangkabau International Airport Working Area. This research used qualitative research with a case study approach which will be carried out in February-March 2021. Information is obtained from the Surveillance section of the BIM Wilker Port Health Office. The variable in this study is the surveillance system during the Covid-19 pandemic, surveillance management activities are carried out using a systems approach consisting of input, process, and output. The instruments used in this study were interviews, cameras, tape recorders, and writing instruments. Data analysis was carried out through gap analysis. In the implementation of the input, process, and output processes, it is necessary to add personnel and increase knowledge in the implementation of data processing, analysis, and interpretation to provide information to the public in a surveillance system. Conclusions from the field study in the implementation of the surveillance system during the Covid-19 Pandemic at BIM Padang have been running but have not met the surveillance system approach. Efforts should be made to disseminate information, socialize and provide human resources and training to improve the capacity of officers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)'

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