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Journal articles on the topic 'Health equity issue'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Stewart, Miriam J., Wendy Austin, and Vera Caine. "Editors' Introduction – Special Issue: Health Equity." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 11, no. 2 (April 2012): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/160940691201100205.

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2

Alleyne, George A. O. "Health and Human Rights: The Equity Issue." Health and Human Rights 2, no. 3 (1997): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065155.

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3

Veinot, Tiffany C., Jessica S. Ancker, and Suzanne Bakken. "Health informatics and health equity: improving our reach and impact." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 8-9 (August 1, 2019): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz132.

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Abstract Health informatics studies the use of information technology to improve human health. As informaticists, we seek to reduce the gaps between current healthcare practices and our societal goals for better health and healthcare quality, safety, or cost. It is time to recognize health equity as one of these societal goals—a point underscored by this Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Special Focus Issue, “Health Informatics and Health Equity: Improving our Reach and Impact.” This Special Issue highlights health informatics research that focuses on marginalized and underserved groups, health disparities, and health equity. In particular, this Special Issue intentionally showcases high-quality research and professional experiences that encompass a broad range of subdisciplines, methods, marginalized populations, and approaches to disparities. Building on this variety of submissions and other recent developments, we highlight contents of the Special Issue and offer an assessment of the state of research at the intersection of health informatics and health equity.

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Braveman, Paula A., Shiriki Kumanyika, Jonathan Fielding, Thomas LaVeist, Luisa N. Borrell, Ron Manderscheid, and Adewale Troutman. "Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice." American Journal of Public Health 101, S1 (December 2011): S149—S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2010.300062.

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5

Walter-McCabe, Heather, and Alexander Chen. "EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION: Transgender Health Equity and the Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 50, no. 3 (2022): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2022.83.

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AbstractThe sheer gamut of issues impacting transgender health equity may seem overwhelming. This article seeks to introduce readers to the breadth of topics addressed in this symposium edition, exemplifying that transgender health equity is a global issue that demands an interdisciplinary approach.

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6

STARFIELD, B. "Is equity a scientific issue?" Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 54, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.5.324.

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7

Pappas, Gregory, and Nancy Moss. "Health for All in the Twenty-First Century, World Health Organization Renewal, and Equity in Health: A Commentary." International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 3 (July 2001): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/31ay-78ap-jaul-bd61.

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Health for All in the Twenty-first Century is the document presenting the global health policy adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998, which reaffirms and updates the vision of Alma-Ata. This article provides a synopsis of the document and a commentary, concentrating on the issue of equity, which is central to WHO policy, and discussing cultural differences that underpin the notion of equity. The meaning of “equity” implies measurement, and the authors develop an approach to definitions of social strata and data issues that are used to quantify health differences. Finally, they discuss the way in which policies invoking equity are implemented into programs and present a rights-based approach as a case study of one way in which policy is being translated into action.

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8

Logan, Stuart. "Research and Equity in Child Health." Pediatrics 112, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2003): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.s3.759.

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The Issue. In this article, I address 3 questions about research in the area of health inequities for children: why continue to do research, where should research efforts focus, and how best can we facilitate the development of research in the area of health equity? I was prompted to consider these issues by colleagues who think that doing research into child health inequalities is a waste of time. They say that not because they come from a right-wing perspective; on the contrary, they say, “Listen, we know about this stuff, why don’t you just get on and do something about it and stop worrying about the research?” Therefore, we must rethink the relevance of the why and the what before we consider the how.

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9

Kasule, Omar Hasan K. "Health insurance and the ethical issue of equity." Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 2012): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2012.10.003.

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10

MOONEY, GAVIN. "Is it not time for health economists to rethink equity and access?" Health Economics, Policy and Law 4, no. 2 (April 2009): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133109004848.

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AbstractThis article considers two key issues in health economics regarding the question of equity. First, why have health economists not resolved better the issue of what are equity and access? Second, the paper draws attention to the relative lack of analyses of equity concerns outside of health care. The question of whose values should prevail in equity is also addressed. On the first issue, there is an obsession with quantification in economics with the result that in analysing equity, in practice often ‘use’ has been substituted for ‘access’. The problem of defining access has thereby been by-passed. This has taken the pressure off trying to research access per se. Second, what is meant by equity and access are in part culturally determined. The continued efforts of health economists to treat equity as some universal construct are misplaced. The lack of effort on the part of health economists to look at equity more broadly than health care equity is concerning. Certainly, to be pursued in practice, equity in both health and health care need a shift in resources, which will be opposed by those who exercise power over decision making in health care and in society more generally. Currently health economists’ analyses say all too little about power and property rights in health care and in society. It is argued that the relevant citizens or communities which a health service serves are best placed to judge the access barriers they face and their relative heights. A useful definition of equity established by a citizens’ jury in Perth, Australia is used to exemplify this point. It is concluded that the often all too simplistic equity goals adopted in health economics (and sometimes public health discourse) need to be challenged. For health economists, there is a need for more of us to get involved in the issues around inequalities, class and power and the impact of these on health.

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McAfee, Tim, Ruth E. Malone, and Janine Cataldo. "Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue." Tobacco Control 30, no. 5 (August 12, 2021): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056945.

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12

Binns, Colin, and Wah Yun Low. "Climate Change: The Greatest Equity Issue in Public Health." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 23, no. 2_suppl (March 2011): 5S—6S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539510391776.

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13

St. John, Joy. "Special Issue: Monitoring Health Determinants with an Equity Focus." Global Health Action 11, no. 1 (January 2018): 1410049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1410049.

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14

Christens, Brian D., Frances Dunn Butterfoss, Meredith Minkler, Tom Wolff, Vincent T. Francisco, and Michelle C. Kegler. "Learning From Coalitions’ Efforts to Promote Equity and Justice." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 1_suppl (September 24, 2019): 110S—114S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119871551.

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Coalitions and collaboratives are working to address many of the most pressing contemporary health and social issues. The articles in this special issue provide numerous insights into these complex collaborative processes across different contexts and focal issues. All emphasize and scrutinize the strategies that groups are using in their work. These strategies seek to navigate not only conventional notions of effectiveness but also the challenges of pursuing greater equity and justice. In this concluding article, we distill some of the key insights from these articles as a collective. This special issue on collaborating for equity and justice can serve as a launching point for new efforts by coalitions and researchers pursuing policy, systems, and structural changes, particularly those intent on addressing root causes of health and social disparities.

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VanderMeulen, Heather, Elaine Herer, Chantal Armali, Amie Kron, Dimpy Modi, Anne McLeod, Michelle Sholzberg, Jeannie Callum, and Yulia Lin. "Iron deficiency and anemia in pregnancy: a health equity issue." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 43, no. 5 (May 2021): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2021.02.056.

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16

Kumanyika, Shiriki K. "Health Equity Is the Issue We Have Been Waiting for." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 22 (2016): S8—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000363.

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17

Pereira, João. "What does Equity in Health Mean?" Journal of Social Policy 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400019097.

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ABSTRACTUp until very recently, the international debate on health inequality tended to disregard the issue of specifying equity objectives precisely. This was unfortunate, given the importance of normative analysis for understanding why people care about social justice in the field of health; the extent to which specific types of inequality are compatible with equity; how the concept should be measured; and how rational policies may be formulated and monitored. This article critically appraises six well established approaches to defining equity—egality, entitlement, the decent minimum, utilitarianism, Rawlsian maximin, and envy-free allocations—as well as two alternative formulations recently proposed by health economists—equity as choice and health maximisation. All of these are found wanting in some respect when applied to the health sector. It is argued that Sen's ‘capabilities’ concepts, strangely ignored by health services researchers in the past, could prove an effective framework within which to organise research and policy formulation in the area of health and health care inequality.

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18

Deguen, Séverine, and Wahida Kihal-Talantikite. "Health Equity Impact Assessment Related to Air Pollution Reduction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215352.

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19

Perez-Stable, Eliseo J., and Michael Sayre. "Reducing Health Disparities to Promote Health Equity through Policy Research." Ethnicity & Disease 29, Supp2 (June 13, 2019): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.s2.321.

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Health policy research aligns with the vision, mission, and strategic goals of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD). Understanding the effects of a policy change at a local, state or national level that impacts health requires setting up data collection or accessing existing data to evaluate impact at a population health level. The translational work in the current special supplement issue of Ethnicity & Disease is a powerful and essential approach in optimizing scientific inquiry that supports increasing awareness and selected strategies for cultivating the lives of vulnerable and underserved individuals, families, and communities.

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20

Fort Harris, Mark, Elizabeth Harris, and Martin Roland. "Access to primary health care: three challenges to equity." Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 3 (2004): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04043.

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Access to primary health care is a key policy issue in many countries, and is of particular importance in those countries committed to equitable access to primary health care as a strategy for addressing health inequity. Making sure primary health care systems are equitable and accessible to those who need them most is more complex than equal use by all people or population groups. Access can be defined as the opportunity or ease with which consumers or communities are able to use appropriate services in proportion to their need. This paper explores some of the challenges facing the UK and Australian health systems in relation to improving equity of access, which include providing high quality care for socially disadvantaged groups, ensuring access to primary health care appropriate to needs, and developing universal and targeted policies that reduce inequalities in access to primary health care. Drawing on literature from the two countries, this paper identifies contemporary issues in equity of access and discusses potential measures to address these issues. While the paper focuses on the role of primary health care - and especially those services provided through general practice in reducing health inequity - it is recognised that action must also occur in other sectors to address underlying determinants of health.

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21

Szurek, Sarah M., and Clarence C. Gravlee. "Introduction to the Special Issue." Practicing Anthropology 37, no. 4 (September 1, 2015): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552-37.4.2.

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This issue of Practicing Anthropology presents work that emerged from the 2013 season of the Health Equity Alliance of Tallahassee (HEAT) Ethnographic Field School (EFS), an ongoing NSF-supported program and community-academic partnership in Tallahassee, Florida. Most of the papers in this special issue directly examine field school experiences; others represent the broader reach of community-academic partnerships. The HEAT Field School plays a unique role in the discipline as a structured learning center where Ph.D. students from a range of graduate departments can come year after year to receive formal training in field methods of data collection. Graduate students, university faculty, and local experts and activists in Tallahassee continue to be committed to projects related to community empowerment, health equity, and building upon community strengths to advance social justice.

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22

Alcaraz, Kassandra I., and Betina R. Yanez. "Interventions to promote health equity: implications for implementation science in behavioral medicine." Translational Behavioral Medicine 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibac062.

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Abstract Disparities in health persist despite the development of innovative and effective behavioral interventions. Both behavioral medicine and implementation science are vital to improving health care and health outcomes, and both can play a critical role in advancing health equity. However, to eliminate health disparities, more research in these areas is needed to ensure disparity-reducing behavioral interventions are continually developed and implemented. This special issue on interventions to promote health equity presents a diverse set of articles focused on implementing behavioral interventions to reduce health disparities. The current article summarizes the special issue and identifies key themes and future considerations. Articles in this special issue report on behavioral medicine intervention studies (including those examining aspects of implementation) as well as implementation science studies with implications for behavioral medicine. Articles discuss community-, provider-, and system-level interventions; implementation processes; and barriers and facilitators to implementation. Also included are commentaries calling for greater prioritization of behavioral medicine and implementation research. As evidenced in this special issue, behavioral medicine is primed to lead the implementation of behavioral interventions in historically marginalized and minoritized populations to advance health equity and improve overall population health.

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23

Kavanagh, Matthew M., Laura Fernanda Norato, Eric A. Friedman, and Adria N. Armbrister. "Planning for health equity in the Americas: an analysis of national health plans." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 45 (April 28, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2021.29.

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There is growing recognition that health and well-being improvements have not been shared across populations in the Americas. This article analyzes 32 national health sector policies, strategies, and plans across 10 different areas of health equity to understand, from one perspective, how equity is being addressed in the region. It finds significant variation in the substance and structure of how the health plans handle the issue. Nearly all countries explicitly include health equity as a clear goal, and most address the social determinants of health. Participatory processes documented in the development of these plans range from none to extensive and robust. Substantive equity-focused policies, such as those to improve physical accessibility of health care and increase affordable access to medicines, are included in many plans, though no country includes all aspects examined. Countries identify marginalized populations in their plans, though only a quarter specifically identify Afro-descendants and more than half do not address Indigenous people, including countries with large Indigenous populations. Four include attention to migrants. Despite health equity goals and data on baseline inequities, fewer than half of countries include time-bound targets on reducing absolute or relative health inequalities. Clear accountability mechanisms such as education, reporting, or rights-enforcement mechanisms in plans are rare. The nearly unanimous commitment across countries of the Americas to equity in health provides an important opportunity. Learning from the most robust equity-focused plans could provide a road map for efforts to translate broad goals into time-bound targets and eventually to increasing equity.

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24

Sen, Amartya. "Gender Equity and the Population Problem." International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 3 (July 2001): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9epf-cwcm-dhe5-ka68.

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25

White-Means, Shelley, Darrell J. Gaskin, and Ahmad Reshad Osmani. "Intervention and Public Policy Pathways to Achieve Health Care Equity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142465.

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Health care equity reflects an equal opportunity to utilize public health and health care resources in order to maximize one’s health potential. Achieving health care equity necessitates the consideration of both quantity and quality of care, as well as vertical (greater health care use by those with greater needs) and horizontal (equal health care use by those with equal needs) equity. In this paper, we summarize the approaches introduced by authors contributing to this Special Issue and how their work is captured by the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) framework. The paper concludes by pointing out intervention and public policy opportunities for future investigation in order to achieve health care equity.

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Yoshikawa, Thomas T. "Comment on: Transforming Asian Health Equity: PINE/PIETY Study Special Issue." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 68, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16277.

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Hellberg, Sofie, and Peter Johansson. "eHealth strategies and platforms – The issue of health equity in Sweden." Health Policy and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 2017): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2016.09.002.

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28

Houghtaling, Bailey, Matthew Greene, Kaustubh V. Parab, and Chelsea R. Singleton. "Improving Fruit and Vegetable Accessibility, Purchasing, and Consumption to Advance Nutrition Security and Health Equity in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811220.

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In recent years, national and local efforts to improve diet and health in the United States have stressed the importance of nutrition security, which emphasizes consistent access to foods and beverages that promote health and prevent disease among all individuals. At the core of this endeavor is fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, a dietary practice that is integral to attaining and sustaining a healthy diet. Unfortunately, significant inequities in FV accessibility, purchasing, and consumption exist, particularly among populations that are socially and economically disadvantaged. To achieve nutrition and health equity in the United States, the field must center the goal of nutrition security and initiatives that aim to increase FV consumption, specifically, in future work. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) Special Issue titled “Nutrition and Health Equity: Revisiting the Importance of Fruit and Vegetable Availability, Purchasing, and Consumption” features several scholarly publications from experts conducting timely research on these topics. In this commentary, we (1) summarize the U.S.-based literature on inequities in FV accessibility, purchasing, and consumption, (2) describe how the contributions to this IJERPH special issue can advance nutrition security and health equity, and (3) outline future research questions from our perspective.

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Moses, Marion, Eric S. Johnson, W. Kent Anger, Virlyn W. Burse, Sanford W. Horstman, Richard J. Jackson, Robert G. Lewis, et al. "Environmental Equity and Pesticide Exposure." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 5 (September 1993): 913–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900512.

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Although people of color and low-income groups bear a disproportionate share of the health risks from exposure to pesticides, research attention has been meager, and data on acute and chronic health effects related to their toxic exposures are generally lacking. Increased resources are needed both to study this issue and to mitigate problems already identified. People of color should be a major research focus, with priority on long-term effects, particularly cancer, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects, long-term neurological dysfunction, and reproductive outcome. Suitable populations at high risk that have not been studied include noncertified pesticide applicators and seasonal and migrant farm workers, including children.

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Fawcett, Jacqueline. "Thoughts About the Language of Equity for Population Health." Nursing Science Quarterly 32, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318419826277.

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This is the first of two essays addressing equity and social justice, which are interrelated concepts of considerable interest to members of the discipline of nursing. The purpose of this essay is to define equity and related terms, including inequity, inequality, and disparities, within the context of the intersection of nursing and population health science. An essay about social justice will appear in a subsequent issue of Nursing Science Quarterly.

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Terry, Paul E. "The Parity in Health Promotion Issue." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117752590.

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Health promotion is complex even when issues of justice and equity are not considered. The dynamic influences of culture, environments, education and upbringing all collude to make promoting fitness, happiness or healthy eating as exciting and unpredictable as a Mars mission. Add the goal of equivalence of benefit for all to this mix, and the launch pad is ever more volatile. To solve for parity we will need to struggle between two of the most time-honored of moral principles. Consequentialism holds that, as Star Trek's Dr. Spock said with his dying breath in his final episode, "the needs of the many are more important than the needs of a few." Categorical reasoning is a belief system where some things are morally righteous no matter the context. Choosing the right principles will require that we better leverage "citizen scientists" because one of the surest ways to satisfy a community's context is to recruit community partners.

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Núñez, Ana E. "Call for Special Issue Papers: Health Equity Call for Papers: Migrant and Refugee Health." Health Equity 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.29002.cfp.

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33

Young, Lynne, and Maureen Little. "WOMEN AND HEART TRANSPLANTATION: AN ISSUE OF GENDER EQUITY?" Health Care for Women International 25, no. 5 (May 2004): 436–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399330490272778.

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Salmerón-Manzano, Esther, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Bibliometric Studies and Worldwide Research Trends on Global Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 5748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165748.

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Global health, conceived as a discipline, aims to train, research and respond to problems of a transboundary nature in order to improve health and health equity at the global level. The current worldwide situation is ruled by globalization, and therefore the concept of global health involves not only health-related issues but also those related to the environment and climate change. Therefore, in this Special Issue, the problems related to global health have been addressed from a bibliometric approach in four main areas: environmental issues, diseases, health, education and society.

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Abbas, Hafiz Syed Mohsin. "SOCIAL EQUITY, DECISION-MAKING AND FAMILY PLANNING HURDLES AND ROLE OF ADMINISTRATION." MARCH 38, no. 01 (March 31, 2022): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51380/gujr-38-01-07.

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Social equity and family planning are core issues for Human development and health wellbeing of a country. This paper discusses the social equity issue regarding family planning and health-related decision-making among males and females in Pakistan. This study graphically demonstrates Pakistan Demographic Health Surveys of 2012-13 and 2017-18 aggregated analysis covered the time horizon 2007-2018 in family planning decision-making and Pakistan's birth control issues and discussed the descriptive data. Also, the Government of Pakistan's (GOP) policy initiates from 2007 to date have been discussed. By referencing this sociological inquiry, evidence shows that males' awareness, education, and decision-making for family planning have a higher impact on the Fertility rate than females' decision-making in Pakistan, which creates social equity gap. Moreover, this study recommend that male awareness and thinking be optimized and changed positively by involving practitioners, religious scholars, and education and awareness campaigns

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Forrester, Sarah, Catarina Kiefe, and Roland Thorpe. "Physiological Dysregulation and Aging: Implications for Health Equity." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3169.

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Abstract Social determinants of health (SDOH) are a major public health issue that affect the magnitude and prognosis of many diseases in the U.S., including cardiovascular disease and cognitive disorders of aging. These associations are especially deleterious among minority persons in the US due to consistently unfavorable social determinants in this population including socioeconomic position, residential segregation, and quality of education. Physiological dysregulation measures the “true global state” of an individual that includes, but goes beyond, chronological age, reflects the health burden produced, in part, by SDOH, and is associated with the development and prognosis of disease. A better understanding of how and when physiological dysregulation occurs may allow us to prevent or reverse dysregulation among the most vulnerable aging populations leading to improved health equity in cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes.

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Thomas, Caroline. "On the health of International Relations and the international relations of health." Review of International Studies 15, no. 3 (July 1989): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112884.

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Disease is a transnational phenomenon which pays no heed to territorial state boundaries; yet it rarely features in the discussion of International Relations. It is important that the discipline should address the issue of disease and more broadly, health, not simply to facilitate containment of disease transmission across international borders but also because central notions of justice, equity, efficiency and order are involved.

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Lofters, A. K. "Ethnicity and breast cancer stage at diagnosis: an issue of health equity." Current Oncology 22, no. 2 (January 8, 2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.22.2414.

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Sridharan, Sanjeev, and Carol Tannahill. "Rethinking Evaluations of Health Equity Initiatives: An introduction to the special issue." Evaluation and Program Planning 36, no. 1 (February 2013): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2012.03.001.

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40

Sun, Xueshan, Hao Zhang, Xiaoqian Hu, Shuyan Gu, Xuemei Zhen, Yuxuan Gu, Minzhuo Huang, Jingming Wei, and Hengjin Dong. "PD27 A Case Study Of Equity In Health From Zhejiang Province, China." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318003021.

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Introduction:Equity is the core of primary care. The issue of equity in health has become urgent and China has attached increasing attention to it. With rapid economic development and great change of the policy on medical insurance, the pattern of equity in health has changed a lot. Reform of healthcare in Zhejiang province is at the forefront of China; studies on Zhejiang are of great significance to the whole country. This paper aims to measure the equity in health from the perspectives of health needs and health seeking behavior, and provides suggestions for decision making.Methods:A household survey was conducted in August 2016. A sample of 1000 households, 2807 individuals in Zhejiang was obtained with the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were adopted in the analysis. The value of concentration index was used to measure the equity.Results:This study finds that the poor have more urgent health needs and poorer health situation compared with the rich. The utilization of outpatient services was almost equal, whilst the utilization of hospitalization was pro-rich (the rich use more).Individuals with employer-based medical insurance use more outpatient services than those with rural and urban medical insurance. Compared to the rich, there were more people in the poorer income groups who didn't use inpatient services due to financial difficulties.Conclusions:The issue of equity in health has attracted broad attention in the world, and China is no exception. We measured and analyzed the equity of health needs and absent rate of health services. We find that the poor have more urgent health needs and high absent rate of inpatient services compared with the rich. Income level and medical insurance may well explain the equity of outpatient and inequity of hospitalization. In view of the pro-rich inequity of hospitalization, more financial protection should be provided for the poor.

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Wagener, Diane K., David R. Williams, and Patrick M. Wilson. "Equity in Environmental Health: Data Collection and Interpretation Issues." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 5 (September 1993): 775–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900506.

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In order to assess the issue of inequity in exposure to environmental hazards, researchers must identify subgroups whose exposure is disproportionately greater than the average exposure experienced by the remainder of the population. The general population is a complex mixture of subgroups, each consisting of individuals who experience a wide range of exposures and whose ability to cope with the consequences of those exposures is equally varied. Therefore, large efforts are needed to collect data that will enable researchers to determine compreliensively which subgroups are highly exposed and which subgroups have disproportionately greater health effects as a result of exposures to environmental hazards. The interpretation of findings is more of an art than a science, especially when two population subgroups are being contrasted. Addressing environmental equity requires explicit comparisons between groups, and racial and ethnic contrasts will be prominent. It is often difficult to identify the underlying mechanisms that produce particular patterns of results. However, researchers and policy makers must understand the dynamics that may have produced a particular pattern of results so they can separate those factors that are amenable to change from those that are not.

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Amri, Michelle M., Arjumand Siddiqi, Patricia O’Campo, Theresa Enright, and Erica Di Ruggiero. "Underlying Equity Discourses of the World Health Organization." Social Science Protocols 3 (June 21, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.2020.2812.

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Background: Globally, increasing attention has been paid to the concept of equity in the context of health, largely stemming from the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) beginning in the late 1970s with the Declaration of Alma-Ata (WHO, 1978) and more recently following the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (CSDH, 2008) and their final report in 2008. Despite increasing attention to this issue, there is global ambiguity on the true definition of “health inequity”, “health inequalities”, or “health disparities” (Braveman, 2006, p. 167; Braveman & Gruskin, 2003). Methods/Design: This original scoping review clarifies how the WHO conceptualizes equity. It also identifies the theoretical underpinnings guiding the WHO’s approach to equity and its broader implications. This protocol followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) (Tricco et al., 2018), with details discussed in the full protocol. Discussion: To date, much of the research on health equity globally has been restricted to chronological discussions over time or specific research fields (Borde & Hernández, 2018, p. 3). Therefore, researching the WHO’s approach to equity in terms of alignment with theory and broader normative standpoint(s) becomes increasingly important in addressing a gap in the literature. In addition, because the definition of equity in the context of health has practical implications for its operationalization (Guerra, Borde, & Salgado De Snyder, 2016), this work seeks to clarify in the concept of equity used by the WHO in hopes of moving towards a shared understanding to bridge action [e.g. in measurement and accountability (Braveman & Gruskin, 2003)].

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Trainor, Audrey A., Elizabeth Bettini, and LaRon A. Scott. "Introduction to the Special Issue—A Necessary Step in Pursuit of Equity: Developing a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Special Education Teaching Force." Remedial and Special Education 40, no. 4 (July 11, 2019): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932519843176.

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This special issue of Remedial and Special Education is a collection of theoretical and empirical research addressing equity in the preparation of a diverse special education teaching force, with a focus on racial/ethnic diversity. The purpose of this special issue is to open a conversation about equity as it pertains to special education teachers, including both students’ equitable access to special education teachers who share their racial/ethnic and/or cultural background and prospective special educators’ equitable access to the profession.

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Briggs, David. "In This Issue." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i1.695.

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This issue of the journal commences with an editorial that provides some discussion about the current approaches to Covid and the tensions that exists in that context..... Editorial SettingsCovid-19: A strife of interests for us all and what problem are we attempting to solve? Research Articles Gender Equity in Australian Health Leadership Research Articles Assessing Quality of Healthcare Delivery When Making Choices: National Survey on Health Consumers’ Decision Making Practices Research Articles The Case for a Reciprocal Health Care Agreement between Australia and South Korea Commentary COVID-19 and Working Within Health Care Systems: the future is flexible Review Articles Review of Public Private Partnership in the Health Care in Hong Kong Viewpoint Article Hong Kong’s Growing Need for Palliative Care Services and the Role of the Nursing Profession Commentary Vietnam’s Healthcare System Decentralization: how well does it respond to global health crises such as covid-19 pandemic? Research Articles Publicly Financed Health Insurance Schemes and Horizontal Inequity in Inpatient Service Use in India Research Articles Distress and Quality of Life among Type II Diabetic Patients: Role of physical activity Viewpoint Article Achievements and Challenges of Iran Health System after Islamic Revolution: Structural reforms at the second step Research Articles Strategic Analysis of Community Participation in Primary Health Care in Iran and Presentation of Promotion Strategies Using Internal and External Environment Assessment Techniques Research Articles Utilization of Healthcare Services & Healthcare Expenditure Patterns in the Rural Households of Nepal

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Gordon, David. "Health Policy in Relation to Improving Equity in Child Health." Pediatrics 112, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2003): 725–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.s3.725.

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The Issue. A major independent inquiry into inequalities in health—and policies that would reduce them—was published in December 1998.1 It identified >40 recommendations designed to reduce inequalities in health. Lifting children out of poverty is among the most important strategies to improve child health. If we want to change policies on health and poverty, then we have to consider the broad political context within which our health systems work. In the United Kingdom, we have a welfare state that sends checks and cash income to 85% of households every month. Many people pay into the welfare state, many people get money back, and everybody receives services.2 In the United States, the situation is different. There, many people pay into the state, but only the poor and corporations actually receive a check. I leave you to decide who gets the most out of these respective systems. We also have fundamental differences in our health systems. In the United Kingdom, 97% of expenditures on health are made by the state; there is virtually no private spending. In the United States, only 44% of health expenditures are made by the state. The limited amount of private health expenditures in the United Kingdom will be reduced further as the National Health Service provides more dentistry in the future. In terms of the amount of resources, the United States spends 14% of its gross domestic product on health, compared with 6% in the United Kingdom. The United States spent $3700 per person on health care in 1997. In the United Kingdom, we spent less than one third of that.

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King, Eoin. "Noise Control and its relationship with the UN Sustainable Development Goals." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2645.

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This paper considers noise and its control in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable development involves the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality, and social equity, and the UN SDGs describe the major development challenges in these pursuits. The SDG Framework comprises 17 broad goals, that cover a wide range of issues including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, clean energy, sustainable cities and communities, climate, responsible consumption, and production, amongst others. Although noise and its management are not clearly identified in any of the 17 goals, this paper posits that noise is an issue cross-cutting through almost all of the goals. Through the lens of the SDGs, this paper summarizes how a failure to adequately address noise presents a significant challenge to the realization of sustainable development. This paper considers noise and its control, in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable development involves the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity, and the UN SDGs describe the major development challenges in these pursuits. The SDG Framework comprises of 17 broad goals, that cover a wide range of issues including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, clean energy, sustainable cities and communities, climate, responsible consumption and production, amongst others. Although noise and its management are not clearly identified in any of the 17 goals, this paper posits that noise is an issue cross-cutting through almost all of the goals. Through the lens of the SDGs, this paper summarizes how a failure to address noise presents a significant challenge to the realization of these goals.

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Towfighi, Amytis, and Bruce Ovbiagele. "Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: 2021 Update." Stroke 53, no. 3 (March 2022): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.122.035816.

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There are stark inequities in stroke incidence, prevalence, acute care, rehabilitation, risk factor control, and outcomes. To address these inequities, it is critical to engage communities in identifying priorities and designing, implementing, and disseminating interventions. This issue of Stroke features health equity themed lectures delivered during the International Stroke Conference and Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving meetings in 2021 as well as articles covering issues of disparities and diversity in stroke. Bruce Ovbiagele, MD, MSc, MAS, MBA, MLS, received the 2021 William Feinberg Award Lecture for his lifetime achievements in seeking global and local solutions to cerebrovascular health inequities. The second annual Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving symposium, which took place the day before the International Stroke Conference in February 2021, focused on community-engaged research for reducing inequities in stroke. Phil Gorelick, MD was awarded the Edgar J. Kenton III Award for his lifetime achievements in using community engagement strategies to recruit and retain Black participants in observational studies and clinical trials. Walter Koroshetz, MD, Director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke delivered the keynote lecture on stroke inequities and Richard Benson, MD, PhD, Director of the Office of Global Health and Health Disparities at National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, gave a lecture focused on National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke efforts to address inequities. Nichols et al highlighted approaches of community-based participatory research to address stroke inequities. Verma et al showcased digital health innovations to reduce inequities in stroke. Das et al showed that the proportion of underrepresented in medicine vascular neurology fellows has lowered over the past decade and authors provided a road map for enhancing the diversity in vascular neurology. Clearly, to overcome inequities, multipronged strategies are required, from broadening representation among vascular neurology faculty to partnering with communities to conduct research with meaningful impact.

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Sayani, Ambreen. "Health Equity in National Cancer Control Plans: An Analysis of the Ontario Cancer Plan." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no. 9 (June 16, 2019): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.40.

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Background: National cancer control plans (NCCPs) are important documents that guide strategic priorities in cancer care and plan for the appropriate allocation of resources based on the social, geographic and economic needs of a population. Despite the emphasis on health equity by the World Health Organization (WHO), few NCCPs have a focus on health equity. The Ontario Cancer Plan (OCP) IV, (2015 to 2019) is an example of an NCCP with clearly defined health equity goals and objectives. Methods: This paper presents a directed-content analysis of the OCP IV health equity goals and objectives, in light of the synergies of oppression analytical framework. Results: The OCP IV confines equity to an issue of access-to-care. As a result, it calls for training, funding, and social support services to increase accessibility for high-risk population groups. However, equity has a broader definition. And as such, it also implies that systematic differences in health outcomes between social groups should be minimal. This is particularly significant given that socially disadvantaged cancer patients in Ontario have distinctly poorer cancer-related health outcomes. Conclusion: Health systems are seeking ways to reduce the health equity gap. However, to reduce health inequities which are socially-based will require a recognition of the living and working conditions of patients which influence risk, mortality and survival. NCCPs represent a way to politically advocate for the determinants of health which profoundly influence cancer risk, outcomes and mortality.

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Goldhagen, Jeffrey, and Tony Waterston. "Conclusion: The Equity Project." Pediatrics 112, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2003): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.s3.771.

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The Issue. As a result of the work completed during the meeting and summarized at the last session, 4 implementation groups have been established as the organizational framework for the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)-Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) Equity Project. This project will be the mechanism by which the RCPCH and the AAP will continue the endeavor that was initiated at this meeting. The Equity Project Implementation Groups will focus on Education and Training, Practice and Advocacy, Research and Public Policy, and Children’s Rights. The goals and objectives of each group reflect the accomplishments of the conference participants. A call will go out to members of the AAP and the RCPCH to join these groups as the core of the operation of the project. Objectives will be prioritized and joint initiatives developed to focus on these priorities. The project thus will evolve as a broad-based effort to engage as many members of the AAP and the RCPCH as possible in project endeavors.

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Li, Mengting, and XinQi Dong. "Reply to: Comment on: Transforming Asian Health Equity—PINE/PIETY Study Special Issue." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 68, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16276.

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