Academic literature on the topic 'Health check program'
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Journal articles on the topic "Health check program"
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Campbell, N. "Health Check program." Canadian Medical Association Journal 178, no. 9 (April 22, 2008): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1080020.
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Higginson, L. "Health Check program." Canadian Medical Association Journal 178, no. 9 (April 22, 2008): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1080021.
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Maloff, B. "Health Check program." Canadian Medical Association Journal 178, no. 9 (April 22, 2008): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1080025.
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Freedhoff, Y. "Health Check program." Canadian Medical Association Journal 178, no. 9 (April 22, 2008): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1080026.
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Jeffery, B. "Health Check program." Canadian Medical Association Journal 178, no. 9 (April 22, 2008): 1187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1080029.
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Skwara, Frank. "sidebar: North Carolina’s Health Check Program." North Carolina Medical Journal 74, no. 1 (January 2013): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.74.1.61.
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Ellis, Alysa G., Lisa D. Henry, Lisa A. Meadows, Beth L. Roehm, Christina S. Mahl, and Deborah G. Loman. "Effect of a school-based asthma clinic on asthma outcomes." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 40, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2019.40.4218.
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Background: The St. Louis Children's Hospital Healthy Kids Express Asthma (HKEA) program was developed to improve asthma control in children who attend schools with the highest asthma prevalence in the metropolitan area. The HKEA program differs from other programs because unscheduled visits occur at school without parents present. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the HKEA program via a retrospective quality assurance study. Methods: A chart review was performed to evaluate the change in health-care utilization, absenteeism, staff and student education, inhaler technique checks, and parent satisfaction surveys before and after participation in the program. The Wilcoxon signed rank test, two-way analysis of variance, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The HKEA program recruited 1076 participants ages 5‐15 years during 3 school years, from 2008 to 2011. The participants showed a reduction in emergency department visits (36.9% to 14.2%) and hospitalizations (7.1% to 5.0%) from the year before beginning the program to the third year of the program. Absenteeism was significantly improved, from 59.1% to 27.1%. Staff and student knowledge of asthma improved significantly after completing asthma education programs. More than 90% of participants completed three technique checks of their inhaler and spacer technique and showed significant improvement in their tech check (an inhaler/aero chamber technique check) scores. Parent satisfaction with the HKEA program was rated excellent or very good by 96.9% of the parents. Conclusion: The HKEA program is a novel school-based asthma clinic that is well accepted by parents, and results in less health-care utilization and school absences as well as improved asthma knowledge in participants and the school staff.
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Varner, Kendra, Leann Mey, Tammy Mentzel, Greer Glazer, Barbara Tobias, and Tom Seiple. "Pulse Check." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 20, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1521025116675179.
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In February 2015, the Urban Universities for HEALTH (Health Equity Alignment through Leadership and Transformation of the Health Workforce) learning collaborative site team at the University of Cincinnati held focus groups seeking to understand the contributing factors of underrepresented minority students’ decision to study within the Academic Health Center colleges of Allied Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy. Students identified university and program-level factors as contributing to their perception of a student-centered, quality educational experience. This “pulse check” project with the undergraduate and graduate health-care students affirmed the efficacy of many current recruitment practices and retention strategies. Participant feedback provided rich process improvement data for the Academic Health Center leadership, and the larger urban universities learning collaborative.
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Bjerregaard, Anne-Louise, Helle T. Maindal, Niels Henrik Bruun, and Annelli Sandbæk. "Patterns of attendance to health checks in a municipality setting: the Danish ‘Check Your Health Preventive Program’." Preventive Medicine Reports 5 (March 2017): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.12.011.
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NODA, Hiroyuki. "Revise of Program for Standard Health Check-ups and Standard Health Guidance." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 19, no. 5 (2014): 5_50–5_53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.19.5_50.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Health check program"
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O'Regan-Hogan, Moira Elizabeth. "An evaluation of the Preschool Health Check Program." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25871.pdf.
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Swift, Stevie-Marie. "Altering a Secondary Tier Intervention to Examine the Effects of Negative Reinforcement Contingencies on Elementary School Students." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4234.
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Problem behaviors in the school setting have become more frequent as well as challenging for teachers and faculty to decrease while attempting to help their students attain their academic goals. Within the last decade, school-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) has become more widespread as an evidence-based practice within the school system. SWPBS uses a multi-tiered support structure in order to affect behavior change across an entire school population. Several common secondary interventions have been utilized with high success rates. However, the research conducted thus far using the Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) program, a secondary intervention, has shown a lesser degree of success in behavior change with those students whose problem behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement or escape from aversive tasks. The current study examined the effects of the CICO program, adapted to address negative reinforcement contingencies. Using a multiple baseline across participants design, students in this study were exposed to a modified CICO intervention strategy in which problem behaviors, specifically related to the escape function as determined by a routine analysis, were targeted for reduction while academic engagement were targeted for acquisition. Results provided reductions in problem behaviors and an overall increase in academic engagement across participants with teacher implementers indicating the modified CICO program as feasible and acceptable. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Grade, Mafalda Francisca Rodrigues Cabrita. "A satisfação das grávidas e médicos dentista no âmbito do programa nacional de promoção de saúde oral." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4148.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaIntrodução: Em Portugal, as doenças orais constituem um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. Pois, infelizmente, uma grande parte da população, da nossa sociedade portuguesa, ainda carece de cuidados básicos de saúde oral, devido essencialmente a problemas socioeconómicos. Foi neste contexto que surgiu o Programa Nacional de Promoção de Saúde Oral (PNPSO) cujos seus principais objectivos passam pela redução da incidência e da prevalência das doenças orais, a melhoria dos conhecimentos e comportamentos sobre a alimentação e saúde oral e a promoção da equidade à saúde oral. Este PNPSO consiste na emissão de “cheques-dentista" atribuídos a determinados grupos populacionais, são eles, grávidas seguidas no Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), crianças e jovens com idade inferior a 16 anos, beneficiários do complemento solidário para idosos utentes do SNS e portadores de Sida/VIH. Estes utentes beneficiários possuem a liberdade de escolha, do médico dentista/estomatologista, aderente ao programa, segundo uma lista nacional, disponível nas Unidades Funcionais dos Agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde (ACeS) ou na página electrónica do próprio programa (www.saudeoral.min-saude.pt). Participantes e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal em que se avaliou 27 profissionais, médicos dentistas, e 113 utentes, grávidas do SNS, através de um inquérito contendo questões referentes ao PNPSO. Este inquérito foi realizado aos profissionais de forma presencial e às grávidas via telefónica. Em ambas as situações esteve presente o consentimento informado e garantiu-se a total confidencialidade dos dados. A área geográfica da recolha da amostra foi obtida com colaboração da Directora Executiva e Presidente do Conselho Clinico, do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde Dão-Lafões II. Este ACeS é constituído por 7 concelhos do distrito de Viseu e Guarda. Destes 7 concelhos seleccionou-se ao acaso os 3 concelhos da sub-região de Lafões, Oliveira de Frades, São Pedro de Sul e Vouzela. Os dados recolhidos deste estudo foram colectados e submetidos a uma análise estatística recorrendo ao software IBM SPSS Statistics v20. Resultados: Na avaliação dos profissionais, médicos dentistas, verificou-se que 54,50% dos inquiridos, do concelho de São Pedro de Sul referem que o PNPSO não corresponde às suas expectativas pessoais e profissionais, já os restantes inquiridos referem que este programa corresponde às suas expectativas pessoais e profissionais (Oliveira de Frades – 63,60%; Vouzela – 80,00%). E no que diz respeito ao grau de satisfação, as percentagens foram as mesmas que as anteriormente referidas, sendo que os concelhos de Oliveira de Frades e Vouzela continuam a prevalecer. Na avaliação das utentes, a maioria (Oliveira de Frades – 65,60%; São Pedro do Sul – 55,40%; Vouzela – 72,00%), teve conhecimento do PNPSO através do Médico de Família/Centro de Saúde. Sendo que o acesso ao médico dentista, mais uma vez as inquiridas referiram na maioria que tinha sido fácil (Oliveira de Frades – 96,90%; São Pedro do Sul – 92,90%; Vouzela – 100,00%). Já à pergunta “Sabe a quantos cheques dentista teve direito”, 65,60% das utentes do concelho de Oliveira de Frades referiram dois, 39,30% das inquiridas de São Pedro do Sul afirmaram três e 38,1%% da amostra de Vouzela disseram três. Sendo que a totalidade das inquiridas dos três concelhos referiram que o “cheque-dentista” é de facto um incentivo aos cuidados da saúde oral. Conclusão: No presente estudo foi possível observar que a grande maioria dos profissionais inquiridos encontra-se satisfeito com o PNPSO. O mesmo acontece com as utentes inquiridas, pois estas valorizam o “cheque-dentista” como sendo um incentivo aos cuidados da saúde oral. Desta forma e para que esta valorização tenha algum impacto na condição oral é de facto fundamental que se invista cada vez mais na educação, promoção e prevenção para a Saúde. Introduction: In Portugal, oral diseases are one of the main problems regarding the public health. Unfortunately, a large part of the population of our society still lacks basic oral health care, mainly due to socio-economic problems. It was in this context that the National Program for the Promotion of the Oral Health (PNPSO) appeared whose main goals are reducing the incidence and prevalence of oral diseases by improving the knowledge and behaviors about nutrition and oral health and promoting as well the oral health equity. This PNPSO consists on issuing dentist checks assigned to certain groups of the population such as pregnant women followed by the National Health Service (SNS), children and young people under the age of 16 years elderly people from the SNS and patients with AIDS / HIV. These users can always choose the dentist/doctor dentist, in the program, according to a national list available in the functional units in the health centers or on the website of the program itself. Participants and Methods: a cross-sectional observational study was made which evaluated 29 dentists and 144 users through a survey containing several questions regarding the PNPSO. This survey was given to the staff (dentists/doctors) in loco and to pregnant women by phone. In both situations people gave their permission and were informed and it was guaranteed the maximum confidentiality of the data. The geographical area of the sample collection was obtained in collaboration with the Executive Director and Chairman of the Board of the Clinical Group of the Health Centers of Dão-Lafões II. This ACeS (short name for these health centers) is composed by 7 councils of the district of Viseu and Guarda. From these 7 councils, 3 were selected of the Region of Lafões: Oliveira de Frades, São Pedro do Sul and Vouzela. The data collected in this study was submitted to statistical analysis using the software IBM SPSS Statistics v20. Results: Regarding the dentists’ evaluation, it was found that 54.50% of the inquired of the municipality of São Pedro do Sul declare that their expectations, personal and professionally speaking don’t match the services offered by the PNPSO, when it comes to the rest of the inquired, they say that this program meets their expectations (Oliveira de Frades – 63,60%; Vouzela – 80,00%). Regarding the satisfaction level, the percentages were the same as mentioned before. Regarding the users evaluation, most of them knew about the PNPSO through their family doctor (Oliveira de Frades – 65, 40%; São Pedro do Sul – 55,40%; Vouzela – 72,00%). In regards to the dentist access, once again the inquired mentioned that it was easy to have access to it (Oliveira de Frades – 96,90%; São Pedro do Sul – 92,90% - Vouzela 100,00%). Regarding the question of “do you know how many dentist checks are you allowed having?” 65, 60 of the users of Oliveira de Frades said 2, 39,30% of the users of São Pedro do Sul said 3 and 38,1% of the users of Vouzela said 2. As we know this check is very important for the families when it comes to the dental health care. Conclusion: In this study it was clear that most of the dentists are satisfied with the PNPSO. The same happens with the inquired users for they value the dentist check as being an encouragement to the oral health. Though, and in order that this encouragement has some impact in the oral condition, it is in fact very important to invest in the education, promotion and Health prevention.
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Chang, Kiara Chu-Mei. "National evaluation of the NHS Health Check programme." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48467.
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Introduction: I aimed to evaluate the performance of the National Health Service (NHS) Health Check in the first four years since April 2009. The programme offers all English adults aged 40-74 years, and without known vascular disease, a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment and management Health Check every five years. Methods: Electronic medical records of 300,000 random sample of patients who were aged 40-74 years old but not filtered by other Health Check eligibility criteria were obtained from a nationally representative UK primary care database. Multilevel logistic regression was performed to examine variations in programme coverage. Programme impact on the management of CVD risks and early detection of selected vascular conditions was examined using a difference-in-differences matching analysis. A model-based cost-utility analysis was conducted to estimate the relative long-term costs and benefits of the NHS Health Check with a lifetime time horizon. Results: National coverage of the programme was low in the first four years and varied between general practices and English regions although no significant differences were observed between areas of different levels of deprivation. The programme had contributed to a statistically significant but clinically modest reduction in global CVD risk and individual risk factors among attendees but smoking prevalence stayed unchanged. The prescribing of statins increased significantly but the absolute statin prescribing remained low after Health Checks. The programme appears to be cost-effective long-term, based on the benefits of medical and lifestyle interventions being realised. Conclusions: The NHS Health Check needs to be improved substantially via better planning, implementation, monitoring, and management before any anticipated public health benefit are achieved. High-quality research is required to identify the most effective strategies such as a combination of CVD risk assessment programme and other population-wide programmes for the prevention of CVD.
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Artac, Macide. "Evaluation of a National Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Programme (NHS Health Check)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24725.
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Background: The NHS Health Check, the largest systematic cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention programme globally, aims to reduce CVD burden and health inequalities by assessing and managing CVD risk among 40 to 74 year old individuals without existing vascular diseases. I evaluated the impact of the programme at local and national levels. Methods: Using electronic medical record data from general practices in Hammersmith and Fulham, I assessed CVD risk factor recording before the programme, the programme uptake in the first two years and the impact of the programme on CVD risk. National coverage of the programme in one financial year was assessed using data from Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). Results: There was good recording of smoking status (86.1%) and blood pressure (82.5%), with lower BMI (59.5%) and cholesterol (47.5%) recording among Health Check eligible patients before the programme in Hammersmith and Fulham. Uptake of the Health Check was lower than the national target (75%) at 39.2% among patients with an estimated high CVD risk, but matched the national required rate at 20.0% among all remaining eligible patients. There was significant reduction in mean global CVD risk score (28.2% to 26.2%) after one year among patients with estimated high risk that had a complete Health Check. The programme uptake was higher in patients living in more deprived areas among those not at estimated high risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.88 (0.73-106)). Mean national coverage of the programme was lower (8.1%) than anticipated (18%), with large PCT-level variation (0% to 29.8%). Coverage was significantly greater in PCTs in more deprived areas (coefficient = -0.51 (-1.88-0.00), p-value: 0.035). Conclusions: Population-wide impact of the NHS Health Check may be limited by poor uptake of the programme. This and other limitations to the programme suggest that a targeted screening approach along with population-wide strategies may be a better option for more cost-effective prevention of CVD.
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Dalton, Andrew Robert Howard. "Evaluation of the NHS Health Check Programme : local and national findings from the early stages of the Programme." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9649.
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Background: The NHS Health Check programme is one of the boldest commitments to primary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD) internationally. It offers risk assessment and management to the entire 40 to 74 year old population, without existing vascular disease. I aim to assess its early impact in general practice, and examine workload implications. Methods: Modelling the population at high risk of CVD in England; comparing CVD risk prediction using two risk scores, and two methods of data imputation for missing risk factor data; the assessment of CVD risk factor recording before the programme and Health Check uptake, using patient-level medical record data from general practice in Ealing, London. Results: Prior to the programme, in Ealing, there was good recording of blood pressure (85.6%) and smoking status (95.8%) in a general population; cholesterol recording was lower (55.6%). Uptake of the Health Check was lower than national estimates at 45% compared with 75% projections, and there were small increases in statin prescribing, reaching 45 percent of the eligible population. Health Check uptake were greater in south Asian patients (adjusted odds ratio=1.80 (1.37-2.36)). The JBS2 CVD risk score generated overall higher estimates of risk than QRISK2 (mean of 13% compared with 11%); this was significantly greater in south Asian men, the group exposed to the JBS2 risk multiplication factor. Modelling, using QRISK2, predicts 2 million patients at high risk in England, with screening and management costing £176 million. Cost using the JBS2 risk score are estimated to be over two times higher JBS2 Conclusions: Poor uptake of the NHS Health Check and interventions will severely limit the population-wide impact of the programme, Given this, and other limitations, I suggest a targeted approach to screening may be an appropriate alternative, and demonstrate from previous literature the complimentary use of population-wide prevention is likely to significantly improve CVD prevention.
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White, Jacqueline. "Physical health checks in serious mental illness : a programme of research in secondary care." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/56777/.
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Background The physical health of people with serious mental illness [SMI] represents a significant public health challenge. It is estimated that they have a mortality rate two to three times greater than in the general population and the mortality gap is widening. Although suicide makes a significant contribution, cardiovascular disease [CVD] is the primary cause of death. A higher than expected prevalence of physical comorbidities in people with SMI has been identified in almost every system organ class [SOC] of the body with considerable overlap between them. This indicates multiple genetic, environmental, psychological, social, behavioural and system (of care) risk factors. A lower than expected incidence of comorbidities in the health records of people with SMI in primary and secondary care in the United Kingdom [UK] points to considerable under-diagnosis and treatment and presents an opportunity for intervention. There remains a paucity of evidence to support interventions that can be successfully implemented to make a difference to physical health outcomes in this vulnerable population. The SMI Health Improvement Profile [HIP] was developed by the author and two colleagues as a complex but pragmatic intervention to target physical wellbeing in SMI through the existing role of the mental health nurse in secondary care. The HIP Programme (the HIP and HIP training) is intended to support the mental health nurse working with people with SMI to undertake a structured health check and negotiate and implement an individualised physical health care plan as a result. Aim The aim of this research is to enable mental health nurses in secondary care to address the physical health needs of people with SMI by implementing a nurse-led structured physical health check and care planning process. Methods This project used a programme of research to evaluate the impact of the HIP Programme on care processes and patient outcomes that included: 1. A systematic review of the efficacy of educational interventions for healthcare professionals. 2. Description of the development of the HIP Programme and a pilot study to test the clinical utility and effectiveness of the HIP Programme in 31 patients in a nurse-led outpatient clinic. 3. A clinical audit of the use of the HIP in 108 patients. 4. A cluster RCT of the HIP Programme across four National Health Service [NHS] sites. 5. A process observation in a subsample of patient and nurse participants from the cluster randomised controlled trial. 6. Evaluation of evidence of impact from national and international dissemination of the HIP and the HIP Programme. Results 1. The systematic review identified that there was no evidence examining how to train healthcare professionals to deliver a structured health check for people with serious mental illness [SMI]. 2. The pilot study identified that the HIP was acceptable to people with SMI and healthcare professionals and that two mental health nurses could successfully implement the HIP following brief training. 3. The audit showed that it was possible to identify comorbidities in people with SMI using the structured health check in secondary care and that change in health behaviours and outcomes was possible. 4. The cluster RCT in community mental health teams across four NHS sites demonstrated no difference in health outcomes between HIP Programme and Treatment As Usual [TAU] patients at 12 months. Despite acceptable levels of patient attrition in the trial, rates of implementation of the HIP by nurse participants was very low. 5. The process evaluation highlighted the complexity of the processes we were trying to change. Barriers included service redesign and resource issues coupled with the time taken to complete the HIP and care plan. Nurse participants reported that they did not work with the same patients with SMI for long enough to follow through a (12 month) plan of physical health checks and intervention. There was a perception of structured physical health checks and care as a (new) extension to an already pressured role where mental health risk assessment and management takes priority over physical health risk. 6. The HIP is being used widely in practice but this is largely in inpatient services. Where it has been repeated at 12 months, improvements in some metabolic parameters have been seen. Discussion The need for better care for the physical health of people with SMIs is evident. This program of research developed a package of training and tool to support a structured health check and care planning process for people with SMI in secondary care. The cluster RCT did not demonstrate benefit on patient (quality of life) outcomes. Substantial structural barriers prevented the patients from receiving the intervention from the mental health nurses involved in the trial, despite the positive attitude of the nurse participants towards the importance of a physical health care role. Despite this disappointing finding the intervention is being used in practice across the United Kingdom [UK] and internationally with demonstrated benefits, including the achievement of commissioning targets for health screening and signs of improvement in some outcomes where it has been used in the same person over time. This programme of research demonstrates the challenge of conducting useful RCTs in rapidly changing service environments in the NHS. Future research should develop the intervention beyond the nurse and patient dyad to target the system barriers and levers to implementation.
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Si, Si. "Evaluations of the 45-49 year old health check program in Australian general practice." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/91308.
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Background: A health check refers to the practice of comprehensive medical assessments to detect and manage risk factors and early chronic disease. Debate about the value of health checks has lasted for decades. A systematic review reported that general health checks in middle-aged populations did not reduce total mortality. Nevertheless, new government funded health check programs have recently been introduced in several developed countries. In 2006, Medicare Australia funded a 45-49 year old health check in Australian general practice for all people at risk of developing chronic disease. However, this program has not been fully evaluated. To date, research has taken the perspective of health care providers, investigating their perceptions about the feasibility and challenges in performing a heath check. No study has yet investigated important questions arising from the perspective of patients or the government. Such research would provide a better understanding of which patients participate and why, and also the potential benefits and costs of this health check program. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of general practice-based health checks; to understand patients’ perceptions about general health checks and the psychological determinants of their attendance at a GP invited health check; to compare the demographic characteristics, past health service use including preventive health care of attendees and non-attendees at the 45-49 year old health check; to examine the long-term health effects of this health check program and to quantify its economic impact on the health care system. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of general practice-based health checks, using both surrogate and final outcome indicators. A prospective cohort study was conducted in two general practices in the Adelaide metropolitan area. Patients who were eligible for the 45-49 year old health check program were identified from the two practices. A structured questionnaire was developed and sent to all eligible participants. Questions about demographic characteristics, self-reported medical history and perceptions about general health checks were included. After the return of study questionnaires, an invitation letter was sent to all participants, whether they had returned the questionnaire or not. Attendance at the health check in the following 6 months was recorded. Then, relevant medical records of all study participants from one year prior to the invitation were extracted from the electronic medical record system in each practice. Extracted data included gender, age, residential postcode; the number of general practice visits, pre-existing prescriptions and the uptake of preventive health care. Finally, a Markov chain model was constructed to simulate the health check effects on a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 ‘healthy’ Australians aged 45-49 years. The risk profiles of a baseline cohort were generated using data from the 2011 Australian National Health Survey. Intervention effects were simulated using data on risk factor changes after the health check (results from the systematic review). The Life-Years and Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) gained over the cohort’s remaining lifetime after a health check was estimated. The maximum acceptable costs for this health check program, including the initial consultation and subsequent interventions, was calculated using a cost-effectiveness threshold of $50,000 per QALY. Results: The systematic review of general practice-based health checks demonstrated significant, albeit small improvement in most investigated surrogate outcomes (i.e. total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index) after the intervention, especially among high risk patients. No significant improvement in surrogate outcomes was observed in non-practice based health check studies. No difference in total mortality was found in either practice-based or non-practice based studies. However, most general practice-based studies were not originally designed or powered to evaluate mortality changes. The cohort study recruited 515 eligible participants from two participating general practices. 293 of the 515 (56.9%) participants returned the study questionnaire and altogether 117 (22.7%) attended the health check within 6 months. In the questionnaire study, respondents who indicated a strong attendance intention (p<0.01), and self-reported no pre-existing biomedical risk factors (p<0.01) and less recent uptake of preventive health care (p<0.01) were significantly more likely to attend a health check. In the medical record analysis, no significant differences in age, gender or socio-economic status were observed between health check attendees and non-attendees. However, the questionnaire respondents were almost 3 times as likely to attend as non-respondents (31% vs 12%) and the characteristics that were associated with attendance were different in questionnaire respondents and non-respondents. Among the respondents, those with more pre-existing prescriptions and recent uptake of preventive health care were slightly less likely to attend. Conversely, among non-respondents, individuals with two or more types of pre-existing prescriptions were significantly more likely to attend than those without (p=0.03). The modelling study demonstrated that the 45-49 year old health check program would lead to 8.6 and 2.6 QALYs gained among 1,000 male and female attendees respectively in a lifelong projection (50 years). The threshold costs for the health check to be considered cost-effective were $465 for a male and $140 for a female patient using a threshold of $50,000 per QALY. Conclusions: For health checks to be most effective, they should be undertaken in general practice as opposed to other settings (e.g. community or workplace). Tailored invitations could be employed to selectively invite patients who would most benefit from a health check (patients who are less proactive). Finally, the 45-49 year health check program is unlikely to be cost-effective among females in the current Australian context. Given these results, health policy changes such as delaying the health check by 5-10 years, introducing pre-screening procedures or targeting vulnerable patient groups should be considered to improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this health check program.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Population Health, 2014
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Honein, Gladys. "The Effect of the Colon Cancer Check Program on Colorectal Cancer Screening in Ontario." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/36282.
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Background: This thesis is composed of three studies testing the effect of the Colon Cancer Check (CCC) program, the organized screening program for colorectal cancer in Ontario, on screening participation. In the first paper, we described the trends of participation to Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) and endoscopy, and the trend of ‘up-to-date’ consistent with guidelines, overall and stratified by demographic characteristics between 2005 and 2011. In the second paper, we tested the effect of physician’s recommendation on FOBT participation and disparities in participation. In the third paper, we measured the effect of the CCC program on FOBT participation using an interrupted time series.
Methods: We identified six annual cohorts of individuals eligible for CRC screening in Ontario between 2005 and 2011 by linking the Registered Persons Database to Ontario Health Insurance Plan and 2006 Census from Statistics Canada. We used descriptive statistics to describe the trends of participation. The effect of physician’s recommendation on screening participation was tested using multiple logistic regression analysis. The effect of the CCC program on FOBT participation was tested using segmented regression analysis.
Results: An increasing trend in FOBT participation and ‘up-to-date’ status was observed across all demographic characteristics. The disparity gaps persisted over time by gender, income, recent registrant and age. The rural/urban gap was removed. Physician’s recommendation tripled the likelihood of FOBT participation (prevalence rate ratio=3.23, CI= 3.22-3.24) and mitigated disparities. The CCC led to a temporary increase in level (8.2‰ person-month) in FOBT participation followed by a decline in trend and then a plateau. The increase in level was significant across all population sub-groups.
Conclusions: We found that CRC screening has increased in Ontario across all subgroups of the population but remained suboptimal. Disparities in screening participation were identified. Proposed strategies to improve performance include interventions to increase the rate of physician’s recommendation at the practice level, tailored interventions to motivate under-users and public media campaigns.
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Chen, Wen-Chieh, and 陳文杰. "Discussion on the Management System of People from China enter Taiwan via Health Check and Medical Cosmetics Program." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5wrd3p.
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碩士開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
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The Ministry of the Interior enacted “The Rules Governing Permits for People in Mainland China Area Entering Taiwan” on Dec. 30, 2011 that allows any qualified hospitals to apply to the National Immigration Agency for the mainland Chinese to take the health check and medical cosmetics program, as well as sightseeing. However, it is a two-edged sword. “Medical tourism” brings huge interest and yet creates hidden worries such as overstaying a tourist visa and illegal employment. This essay tries to explore that question by literature review and analyses of it. It gives solutions for how to manage the related activities and suggestions for further policy- making.
Books on the topic "Health check program"
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United States. Congress. House. A bill to require criminal and abusive work history background checks for nurse and home health aides in nursing facilities, home health agencies, and hospice programs under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and for other purposes. [Washington, D.C.?]: [United States Government Printing Office], 1997.
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Heyce, Jonry. 7 Vital Self-Check Health Program : It's Time to Adapt to Habits That Will Unblock: Failing Relationships, Self-Love, and Self-discipline to Achieve Good Vibes for a Fulfilling Lifestyle. Independently Published, 2021.
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Soar, Susan, and Mary Malone. Health and early years services. Edited by Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0030.
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An increasing body of evidence around the importance of the first 5 years of life has led to rapid development in recent years in services for children of this age, with a policy emphasis on joint working by health visitors and early years practitioners. This coincided with a large expansion in the number of 2-year-old children accessing free early education across the maintained, private, voluntary, and independent sectors. An integrated health and early education review was introduced to review children’s progress at age 2–2½ years, combining the child health programme review at that key contact point and the statutory early years progress check at age 2 years. Carrying out a joint review has placed new demands on the skillsets of both health and early years practitioners, but implementation and follow-up research studies have highlighted some of the potential benefits of joint working for children and families.
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Shelov, Steven P., ed. Your Baby's First Year, 4th Ed - Spanish. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610020817.
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The one guide pediatricians most recommend is now completely revised, updated and available in Spanish. From the American Academy of Pediatrics, the nation's most trusted name in child care, comes El primer año de su bebe , the definitive all-in-one resource that provides authoritative advice on every aspect of infant care. Featuring new and expanded content, including the latest reports on cutting-edge research into early brain development, Your Baby's First Year includes Guidelines for prenatal care, with spotlights on maternal nutrition, exercise, and screening tests during pregnancy Growth and developmental milestones through the first twelve months of a child's life, including physical, emotional, and cognitive development An updated chapter on developmental disabilities A complete health encyclopedia covering injuries, illnesses, and congenital diseases Breastfeeding discussion, including its benefits, techniques, and challenges, as well as nutritional needs and vitamin/iron supplementation Recommendations for choosing child care programs Updated safety standards: the very latest AAP recommendations, including immunizations, childproofing, and toy safety Safety checks for home, including bathing, preventing drowning, poisoning, choking, burns, and falls Car safety, including information on car safety seats And much more
Book chapters on the topic "Health check program"
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Purba, Sanjiv. "Conducting Interviews of Key Project/Program Resources." In IT Project Health Checks, 199–220. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003269786-12.
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Serai, Suraj D., and Meng Yin. "MR Elastography of the Abdomen: Experimental Protocols." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 519–46. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_32.
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AbstractApplication of MRE for noninvasive evaluation of renal fibrosis has great potential for noninvasive assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD leads to severe complications, which require dialysis or kidney transplant and could even result in death. CKD in native kidneys and interstitial fibrosis in allograft kidneys are the two major kidney fibrotic pathologies where MRE may be clinically useful. Both these conditions can lead to extensive morbidity, mortality, and high health care costs. Currently, biopsy is the standard method for renal fibrosis staging. This method of diagnosis is painful, invasive, limited by sampling bias, exhibits inter- and intraobserver variability, requires prolonged hospitalization, poses risk of complications and significant bleeding, and could even lead to death. MRE based methods can potentially be useful to noninvasively detect, stage, and monitor renal fibrosis, reducing the need for renal biopsy. In this chapter, we describe experimental procedure and step by step instructions to run MRE along with some illustrative applications. We also includes sections on how to perform data quality check and analysis methods.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Mønsted, Troels. "A Matter of Distance? A Qualitative Study of Data-Driven Early Lifestyle Assessment in Preventive Healthcare." In Quantifying Quality of Life, 467–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_19.
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AbstractAn essential objective of preventive healthcare is to assess the lifestyle of citizens and identify those with health risk behaviors long time before they develop a lifestyle-related disease. In spite of lasting attempts to support preventive healthcare services in reaching individuals at risk through information campaigns, systematic health check programs, and more recently, data-driven approaches, citizens remain at a distance to the preventive healthcare services. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the reasons for this distance between citizens and preventive care offers and the potential of quantified-self technologies for decreasing this. The analysis shows that while data-driven approaches to lifestyle assessment do assist preventive care services in screening a large population, they do not solve the fundamental challenge; that citizens are often challenged in relating to the risk assessment and in the consequences of their current behaviors on a long timescale. Based on these findings, two design implications are elicited to guide design of systems based on quantified-self to support early assessment and improvement of potentially unhealthy lifestyle, potentially improving health and quality of life in the long term.
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Singh, Sanghamitra, and Poonam Muttreja. "Family Planning in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 219–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_11.
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AbstractThe authors discuss the profound impact of the pandemic on women’s access to family planning services. They show how the interruption in the provision of reproductive health services resulted in a lack of access to contraceptives and consequent unplanned pregnancies and abortions. There was an increase in the unmet need for contraception and a decline in maternity care and immunization. This resulted in an increase in unwanted pregnancies as well as maternal mortality and morbidity.The Population Foundation of India’s analysis of the National Health Mission’s Health Management Information System (HMIS) data to assess the impact of the pandemic on sexual and reproductive health services during the lockdown period (April, 2020–June, 2020) compared to the same period last year showed a 43 percent drop in injectable contraceptives, 50 percent drop in intra-uterine devices (IUDs), and 21 percent drop in oral contraceptives. The highest decrease (59%) was for Centchroman (weekly pill). There was a decline of more than 28 percent in institutional deliveries. A 27 percent decline in ante-natal check-ups (ANC) was observed.The COVID-19 crisis sets back progress made in health services over the past decades. This was significant in the case of reproductive health programs which were adversely affected because financial and manpower resources were diverted to services for COVID-19 patients. The authors provide estimates of the impact of the non-availability of sexual and reproductive health services on women. Suggestions are offered for mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on the health system.
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De Paula Vieira, Andreia, and Raymond Anthony. "Reimagining Human Responsibility Towards Animals for Disaster Management in the Anthropocene." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 223–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_13.
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AbstractAnimals, like human beings, are prone to suffering harms, such as disease, injury and death, as a result of anthropogenic and natural disasters. Animals are disproportionately prone to risk and adversely affected by disasters, and thus require humane and respectful care when disasters strike, due to socially situated vulnerabilities based on how human communities assess and value their moral standing and function. The inability to integrate animals into disaster risk and management practices and processes can sometimes be associated with a lack of understanding about what animal ethics and animal health and welfare require when designing disaster management programs. This chapter seeks to reimagine human responsibility towards animals for disaster management. The pervasiveness of disasters and their impacts on animals, human-animal and animal-environment relationships underscore the importance of effective animal disaster management supported by sound ethical decision-making processes. To this end, we delineate six ethically responsible animal caretaking aims for consideration when developing disaster management plans and policies. These aims, which address central vulnerabilities experienced by domesticated animals during disasters, are meant to be action-guiding within the disaster management context. They include: (1) Save lives and mitigate harm; (2) Protect animal welfare and respect animals’ experiences; (3) Observe, recognize and promote distributive justice; (4) Advance public involvement; (5) Empower caregivers, guardians, owners and community members; (6) Bolster public health and veterinary community professionalism, including engagement in multidisciplinary teams and applied scientific developments. To bring about these aims, we offer a set of practical and straightforward action steps for animal caregivers and disaster management teams to ensure that animals’ interests are systematically promoted in disaster management. They include: (1) Respect and humane treatment; (2) Collaboration and effective disaster communication; (3) Strengthening systems of information sharing, surveillance, scientific research, management and training; (4) Community outreach and proactive contact; (5) Cultural sensitivity and attitudes check, and (6) Reflection, review and reform.
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Hoshino, Sayaka, and Yoko Muranaka. "Development of a Tool for Hospital Nurses’ Fatigue Self-Management That Can Be Used for Organizational Management." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210695.
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The purpose of this research is to develop a tool for fatigue self-management for hospital nurses. It is based on a nursing fatigue management education program that we have developed by utilizing the airline industry’s Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS). More specifically, this research aims to develop a tool to check fatigue and sleep conditions, deepen the knowledge about fatigue management, devise a measure to avoid the risk of fatigue, and continuously conduct evaluation.
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Jones, Shannon D., Kelsa Bartley, Beverly Murphy, Tamara M. Nelson, Aidy Weeks, and Jamia J. Williams. "Virtual Chat and Chew." In Leadership Wellness and Mental Health Concerns in Higher Education, 257–71. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7693-9.ch013.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the African American Medical Librarians Alliance (AAMLA) Caucus of the Medical Library Association formed a weekly virtual forum known as the “Chat & Chew.” The purpose of these weekly check-ins was to build community and provide support amidst a series of unprecedented health crises adversely affecting Black Americans, including the coronavirus pandemic and the long-standing issue of police killings and brutality. In coming together for these weekly check-ins, group participants benefited by actively practicing self-care and exchanging ideas and information with colleagues across the country. Each gathering incorporated various presentations and discussions, including topics related to self-care and wellness, microaggressions and stigmatization in the workplace, virtual technologies, plant care, book discussions, and opportunities to engage in diversity, equity, and inclusion work. This chapter provides successes for member engagement and best practices that made the program sustainable throughout 2020 and beyond.
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Raval, Helly Yogeshkumar, Satyen M. Parikh, and Hiral R. Patel. "Self-Maintained Health Surveillance Artificial Intelligence Assistant." In Handbook of Research on Lifestyle Sustainability and Management Solutions Using AI, Big Data Analytics, and Visualization, 168–84. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8786-7.ch010.
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Artificial intelligence assistant is a program and software that can interact with the user in natural language or with voice or in picture format. After the pandemic situation, people are highly worried about their health. People are not usually aware of all medications or symptoms of diseases. Undernutrition can lower immunity, increase the risk of illness, affect physical and mental growth, and decrease productivity. Issues of this kind may be resolved by providing suitable advice on healthy living with medical chatbots. Chatbots may be used to calorie count, check the quantity of water a person has taken, monitor the schedule of sleep, and maintain training records. They might offer various healthy meal recipes, remind individuals of taking medication, or advise a doctor. Finally, chatbots are able to provide inspiring and motivating phrases to increase self-esteem and attitude.
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Fidirko, Maryna, Igor Moroz, and Anna Voloshyna. "INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND HEALTH CLASSES ON THE STATE OF PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-3.
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Intensive renewal of the socio-economic, scientific and technical spheres and the spiritual life of society determines high requirements for the capacity of the individual. Graduates of higher educational institutions determine the future of our country, so they must not only have a high level of professional readiness, but also be physically enduring, efficient and healthy. These personality traits are formed and improved during the student years by means of physical education. Physical education in higher educational institutions is an integral part of education. The level of their physical development and health depends on the quality of the organization and conduct of classes with students. At present, the health of the younger generation is of serious concern. Numerous works of modern researchers point to an increase in the level of diseases and focus on a decrease in the functional resistance of the body of students to physical activity. The subject of the research is the methodology of using means of physical culture and health-improving orientation in physical education classes. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of physical culture and health-improving orientation classes on the physical fitness of first-year students. Research objectives: to conduct an analysis of scientific and methodological literature and advanced pedagogical experience in relation to the topic under study; to determine the level of physical fitness of female students, using complex testing and to reveal the dynamics of indicators of physical fitness; to develop a program of physical education classes to improve the level of physical fitness and health of female students; to experimentally check the developed training methodology and determine its feasibility of introducing it into the educational process in physical education. In the course of organizing and conducting a scientific experiment, the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, control testing, mathematical processing of results. The study involved first-year students who study at the National University "Odesa Law Academy" and do not play sports. In the course of the experiment, a program of physical education classes was developed, which included sets of exercises for the development of physical qualities, as well as a health-improving orientation. These complexes were used in each physical education lesson twice a week on a schedule. The study made it possible to draw the following conclusions. The analysis of the results shows that at the initial stage of the research the majority of female students showed low results in all the tests. After conducting classes according to our methodology, at the second stage of the experiment, the results for some tests improved significantly. Thus, the proposed program of health related training had a positive impact on the results of physical fitness of female students.
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El Hajal, Georges, Roy Abi Zeid Daou, Yves Ducq, and Josef Boercsoek. "Securing an IoT Medical System Using AI and a Unidirectional Network Device: Application to a Driver." In Proceedings of CECNet 2021. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia210425.
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Security in systems and networks has always been a major issue for IT administrators. When it comes to medical applications, this concern is much more important due to the sensitivity of data and the risks that may be caused due to alteration or falsification of such critical information. The proposed paper presents a solution to assure the best security possible in such an environment. Thus, based on an application that monitors a driver’s health while driving his car, a data diode will be implemented in order to assure security of the system by forcing unidirectional flow of network data to the healthcare provider side. Added to that, an AI-based program will be developed to verify the confidentiality, the integrity and the availability of the exchanged data and to check the patient health for abnormalities. Every sub-part of the system has been tested separately and results have shown that falsified data has been filtered out of the received end, e.g. the healthcare provider side.
Conference papers on the topic "Health check program"
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Blangy, J. P. "A geophysical health‐check for the past decade in North America." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3627676.
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Mweseli, Rebecca, Ahmad Sadaka, Emily Bartlett, Anand Deveraj, Samuel Kemp, James Addis, Jane Derbyshire, Michelle Chen, Katie Morris, and Nicholas Hopkinson. "Participation in a targeted lung health check program and smoking cessation." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.3063.
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Rahmi, Auliah, and Doni Hikmat Ramdhan. "Development of Health Program Using Rapcriec Method in Company X to Reduce Employees Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypertension, Obesity, and Hyperuricemia." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.02.
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ABSTRACT Background: Company X is a company engaged in drilling mud, due to the high intensity of work and an unhealthy lifestyle, occupational health and safety (OHS) becomes a problem. In 2018, employees were facing cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, obesity and hyperuricemia problems and in addition, there were three employees experiencing heart attacks, one stroke, two employees experiencing kidney dysfunction, and one employee experiencing gallstones. Meanwhile, the OHS program in the company has not been implemented optimally. There was a decline in the trend of sports programs participation from January 2018 (75%) to January 2019 (25%). It is necessary to improve and develop OHS based on the RAPCRIEC method (Recognition, Analysis, Planning, Communication, Preparation, Implementation, Evaluation, and Continuity) to reduce the percentage of employees who experience cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, and obesity. Subjects and Methods: This was a quantitative design carried out at PT X conducted in June-December 2019. The study subjects were all 69 employees of PT X. The independent variable of the study was the health program. The dependent variables of the study were cholesterol levels, triglycerides, hypertension, obesity and employee hyperuricemia. Data on cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, obesity and hyperuricemia were obtained from medical check-ups. Data were analyzed using the percentage reduction in the number of employees who experience cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, obesity and hyperuricemia. Results: In the results of the medical check-up in 2018, it was found that the most health problems were cholesterol (37%), triglycerides (22%), hypertension (11.5%), obesity (7.5%), and hyperuricemia (7.2%). After the using of RAPCRIEC method, in December 2019 a medical check-up was conducted and showed the decrease health problems percentage among workers. They were experienced cholesterol (21.7%), triglycerides (11.6%), hypertension (7.2%), obesity (5.7%) and hyperuricemia (2.8%). Conclusion: The development of a health program using the RAPCRIEC method at company X has reduced the percentage of employees who experience cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, and obesity. Keywords: RAPCRIEC, cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, obesity Correspondence: Auliah Rahmi. Masters Program of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia. Email: auliah.rahmi33@gmail.com. Mobile: 08111082609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.02
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Kawakami, N., K. Imamura, Y. Asai, K. Watanabe, A. Tsutsumi, A. Shimazu, A. Inoue, et al. "1211 The stress check program: an evaluation of the first-year implementation of the new national workplace mental health program in japan." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.444.
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Tahara, H., and H. Hiro. "1404 Responses from ‘high-stress’ workers of the stress check program in japan – a case study." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.488.
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Sculthorpe, Barry R. "Maintenance for the Millennium: Another Approach." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22074.
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Nuclear units nationwide are struggling to increase plant reliability and availability while at the same time reduce their operating and maintenance costs. Some very costly investments have been made in programs such as Reliability Centered Maintenance [RCM]. Florida Power & Light’s approach at the St. Lucie Nuclear Plant has taken a slightly different approach. Building on our knowledge of the RCM process and an already existing “World Class” Predictive Maintenance Program, a “Condition-Based” Maintenance Program that takes advantage of the RCM philosophy and our toolbox full of advanced and highly successful predictive maintenance technologies. These tools currently consist of vibration analysis, lubricant analysis (both physical property & wear metals analysis, thermographic analysis, motor current signature analysis, tribology & process parameter trending. All employed with the intent to evaluate a machines health. This machine health check allows the forecasting of future preventative maintenance [PM’s] tasks and the revision of existing PM’s to maximize machine performance and eliminate “no-value-added” maintenance activities/costs. Within the last year, the Condition-Based Maintenance Program has produced a cost saving of approximately $1.5 million dollars. As the program matures, these cost savings will accumulate well into the millennium.
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Justice, Wavel, and Thomas Ruggiero. "Condition Monitoring for Pumps." In ASME/NRC 2022 14th OM Code Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nrc2022-63143.
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Abstract The OM Code contains a check valve condition monitoring (Reference Code Appendix II) that has been utilized by Owners at numerous nuclear power plants to improve testing of check valves. Use of this similar approach for pumps is expected to also improve testing of pumps. Comprehensive Pump Testing was originally intended to address not just the pump, but the use of the pump drivers and associate pump electrical system components to monitor pump health as is currently done for motor actuated valves. The draft comprehensive test requirements included taking motor current pump electrical components, as well as an oil sample, but those requirements were not allowed to go into the final Code language, e.g., motor current signature requirements. The reason was that this was considered including the motor in IST and was not in the OM scope. However, the motor, in that case, was used to verify acceptable pump operation only. Also, enhanced vibration techniques, such as spectral analysis were also considered. This paper will present the use of Pump Condition monitoring as a method to enhance IST and, in some cases replace traditional pump IST intervals, similar to what is done for check valve condition monitoring. The proposed Pump condition monitoring program will rely on the revised OM-14.
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Lee, RW, A. Nair, C. Stacey, D. Fitzgerald, S. Quaife, P. Sasieni, S. Janes, and D. Baldwin. "S21 Developing NHS england’s national targeted lung health check pilot." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2019, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 4 to 6 December 2019, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2019-btsabstracts2019.27.
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Ameri, A., H. Bailey, H. Taylor, C. Hunton, and G. Esterbrook. "S70 The wakefield lung health check pilot: baseline lung cancer related outcomes." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.75.
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Jannah, Annisaur Rohmatun, Aulia Chairani, and Yanti Harjono. "Risk Factors of Noised Induced Hearing Loss in Workers at Beveling Unit in Industry X, Bekasi, West Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.22.
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ABSTRACT Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) still remains a problem in developed countries Noise induced hearing loss is one of most common hearing deficit which is almost completely preventable. The hearing loss incurred would depend on the sound qualities, duration of exposure and individual susceptibility and protection. This study aimed to determine risk factors of noised induced hearing loss in workers at bevelling unit in industry x, Bekasi, West Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional. A sample of 27 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was hearing loss. The independent variables were factors related to the onset of hearing loss. The data were collected by questionnaire and tuner check. This data were analysed by chi square. Results: Noise intensity (OR= 67.50; 95% CI 5.33 to 854.76; p< 0.001), length of service (OR= 12.25; 95% CI 1.79 to 83.95; p= 0.011), and noisy living environment (OR= 5.87; 95% CI 1.09 to 32.00; p= 0.034) has a relationship with hearing loss. Conclusion: Companies can carry out K3 enhancement and monitoring, carry out periodic scanning or audiometric checks, and create hearing conservation programs and timing or working duration in areas exposed to noise. Keywords: Hearing Loss, Noise, Manufacturing Workers Correspondence: Aulia Chairani. Department of Public Health, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta. auliachairani@upnvj.ac,id/ dr.aulia.chairani@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.22
Reports on the topic "Health check program"
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.
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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Sajjanhar, Anuradha, and Denzil Mohammed. Immigrant Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Immigrant Learning Center Inc., December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54843/dpe8f2.
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The COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone in the United States, and essential workers across industries like health care, agriculture, retail, transportation and food supply were key to our survival. Immigrants, overrepresented in essential industries but largely invisible in the public eye, were critical to our ability to weather the pandemic and recover from it. But who are they? How did they do the riskiest of jobs in the riskiest of times? And how were both U.S.-born and foreign-born residents affected? This report explores the crucial contributions of immigrant essential workers, their impact on the lives of those around them, and how they were affected by the pandemic, public sentiment and policies. It further explores the contradiction of immigrants being essential to all of our well-being yet denied benefits, protections and rights given to most others. The pandemic revealed the significant value of immigrant essential workers to the health of all Americans. This report places renewed emphasis on their importance to national well-being. The report first provides a demographic picture of foreign-born workers in key industries during the pandemic using U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) data. Part I then gives a detailed narrative of immigrants’ experiences and contributions to the country’s perseverance during the pandemic based on interviews with immigrant essential workers in California, Minnesota and Texas, as well as with policy experts and community organizers from across the country. Interviewees include: ■ A food packing worker from Mexico who saw posters thanking doctors and grocery workers but not those like her working in the fields. ■ A retail worker from Argentina who refused the vaccine due to mistrust of the government. ■ A worker in a check cashing store from Eritrea who felt a “responsibility to be able to take care of people” lining up to pay their bills. Part II examines how federal and state policies, as well as increased public recognition of the value of essential workers, failed to address the needs and concerns of immigrants and their families. Both foreign-born and U.S.-born people felt the consequences. Policies kept foreign-trained health care workers out of hospitals when intensive care units were full. They created food and household supply shortages resulting in empty grocery shelves. They denied workplace protections to those doing the riskiest jobs during a crisis. While legislation and programs made some COVID-19 relief money available, much of it failed to reach the immigrant essential workers most in need. Part II also offers several examples of local and state initiatives that stepped in to remedy this. By looking more deeply at the crucial role of immigrant essential workers and the policies that affect them, this report offers insight into how the nation can better respond to the next public health crisis.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.