Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health care fields

Academic literature on the topic 'Health care fields'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Health care fields"

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Wright Byrne, Westley. "Melding Fields of Care." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 155, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.155.6.739.

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Huq, Jo-Louise, and Jaana Woiceshyn. "Changing Health Care Fields: When, Who, and How." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 12334. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.12334abstract.

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Wolcott, Harry F. "Health Care and Other Fields: A Kwakiutil Quandary ?" General Anthropology 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3466.2004.tb00053.x.

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Bartkiewicz, T., W. Bautsch, A. Gerlach, M. Goldapp, R. Haux, U. Heller, H. P. Kierdorf, et al. "A Regional Health Care Network: eHealth.Braunschweig." Methods of Information in Medicine 51, no. 03 (2012): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me11-02-0010.

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SummaryBackground: Health care network eHealth.Braunschweig has been started in the South-East region of Lower Saxony in Germany in 2009. It composes major health care players, participants from research institutions and important local industry partners.Objectives: The objective of this paper is firstly to describe the relevant regional characteristics and distinctions of the eHealth.Braunschweig health care network and to inform about the goals and structure of eHealth.Braunschweig; secondly to picture and discuss the main concepts and domain fields which are addressed in the health care network; and finally to discuss the architectural challenges of eHealth.Braunschweig regarding the addressed domain fields and defined requirements.Methods: Based on respective literature and former conducted projects we discuss the project structure and goals of eHealth.Braunschweig, depict major domain fields and requirements gained in workshops with participants and discuss the architectural challenges as well as the architectural approach of eHealth.Braunschweig network.Results: The regional healthcare network eHealth.Braunschweig has been established in April 2009. Since then the network has grown constantly and a sufficient progress in network activities has been achieved. The main domain fields have been specified in different workshops with network participants and an architectural realization approach for the transinstitutional information system architecture in the healthcare network has been developed. However, the effects on quality of information processing and quality of patient care have not been proved yet. Systematic evaluation studies have to be done in future in order to investigate the impact of information and communication technology on the quality of information processing and the quality of patient care.Conclusions: In general, the aspects described in this paper are expected to contribute to a systematic approach for the establishment of regional health care networks with lasting and sustainable effects on patient-centered health care in a regional context.
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Gamm, Larry D. "Health Care Markets as Interorganizational Fields: A Conceptual Perspective." Health Services Management Research 5, no. 1 (March 1992): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489200500105.

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This paper examines the interorganizational (IO) field approach to the study of local health care markets. Art IO field conceptualization focuses attention on organizational behavior and interorganizational relations among providers and purchasers and other health care organizations relevant to the field. This perspective is suitable for guiding evaluations of the multiple effects of pro-competition or regulative interventions on health care markets.
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Bansal, Tanushka. "Smart Health Care." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42925.

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Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in many sectors like Agriculture and Farming, Autonomous Flying, Security and Surveillance, Clinical Medicine etc, and one such important sector is healthcare where there is a tremendous increase in innovations in the fields of AI.Medical facilities need to be really advanced so that better decisions can be made for patient diagnosis and treatment options. Machine learning in healthcare helps humans to process huge and complex medical datasets and then analyse them into clinical insights. This can be later used by the physicians in providing suitable medical care. Hence machine learning and artificial intelligence when implemented in healthcare can lead to increased patient satisfaction. Disease Prediction using AI is the system that is used to predict the diseases from the symptoms which are given by the patients or any user. The system then processes the symptoms provided by the user be it image or details as an input and gives the required output depending upon the probability of the disease. With an increase in biomedical and healthcare data, accurate analysis of medical data benefits early disease detection and patient care. By using this, we are predicting diseases like Diabetes, Malaria, Heart disease and many more. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, disease prediction, healthcare
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s, Keerthi Rani. "Artificial Intelligence on Medical Fields." Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/daai/3/2/21.

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This paper is about a overview of AI in medical field, dealing with recent and future applications that are related to AI. The aim is to develop knowledge and information about AI among the primary care physicians in the health care. Firstly, I've described about what is Artificial Intelligence then, who’s the father of it, what are the types of AI that is used in the medical field, features of AI, approaches and its needs. This paper is also about how AI is used in the health care, diagnosis, creation of new drug and delivery of drug, AI in COVID-19 pandemic, how it is used to analyze CT scans, x-rays, MRIs and about how Machine Learning is used in the health care and also how google is dealing with the future problem using Machine learning.
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Ward, Michael. "Health, health care and healing: introduction to the Festschrift for Professor Ken Donald." Australian Health Review 32, no. 2 (2008): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080301.

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THE CITATION for Ken Donald?s recent and well deserved award of an Order of Australia reads ?For service to medicine as an academic and administrator, particularly as a contributor in the fields of pathology and community health?. A true enough statement but hardly sufficient for such a diverse career and lifetime of contributions in so many different fields. In this issue of Australian Health Review we include a collection of papers to honour Professor Donald.
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Ben Mortenson, W., John L. Oliffe, William C. Miller, and Catherine L. Backman. "Grey spaces: the wheeled fields of residential care." Sociology of Health & Illness 34, no. 3 (June 24, 2011): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01371.x.

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Landa, Krzysztof, and Karolina Skóra. "Indicating Fields of Inequalities Regarding the Access to Health Benefits." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 1, no. 2 (April 2012): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2012040104.

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Restrictions to health services in Poland have been an inspiration to establish Watch Health Care Foundation (WHC). The fundamental disease of the system is namely the disproportion between the amount of the funds and the contents of the package. It causes everywhere the same ’symptoms’ and leads to the same pathological phenomena: queues and other forms of rationing (’guaranteed’) health benefits, corruption, making use of privileges. Foundation uses the potential of information society and available infrastructure (web portal http://www.watchealthcare.eu) and all activities are presented on the website with the aim of influencing the health care system. On the basis of reports of limited access to health services, a ranking is created at WHC web portal, which aims to show what the biggest gaps in access to health services are - this is the way of showing the patient and health care system needs and also one possible approach of continuous education of the health care services consumers targeted at health care systems improvement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health care fields"

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Crengle, Suzanne Marie. "The management of children's asthma in primary care : Are there ethnic differences in care?" Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/4957.

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Whole document restricted until August 2010, see Access Instructions file below for details of how to access the print copy.
Abstract Background Asthma is a common problem in New Zealand, and is associated with significant morbidity and costs to children, their families, and wider society. Previously published New Zealand literature suggested that Māori and Pacific children were less likely than NZ European children to receive asthma medications and elements of asthma education, had poorer knowledge of asthma, and experienced greater morbidity and hospitalisations. However, none of the previous literature had been specifically designed to assess the nature of asthma care in the community, or to specifically answer whether there were ethnic disparities in care. A systematic review of studies published in the international literature that compared asthma management among different ethnic groups drawn from community-based samples was undertaken. The results of this review suggested that minority ethnic group children were less likely to receive elements of asthma medication use, asthma education and self-management (action) plans. Objectives The primary objectives of the study were to: • describe the use of medications, medication delivery systems, asthma education, and self-management plans in primary care for Māori, Pacific, and Other ethnic group children • ascertain whether there were any ethnic disparities in the use of medications, medication delivery systems, asthma education, and self-management plans in primary care after controlling for differences in socio-economic position and other potential confounders. Secondary objectives were to: • describe the asthma-related utilisation of GP, after hours medical care, emergency departments, and hospital admissions among Māori, Pacific, and Other ethnic group children with asthma • ascertain whether differences in medication use, the provision of asthma education, and the provision of self-management plans explained ethnic differences in health service utilisation. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Auckland, New Zealand. The caregivers of 647 children who were aged 2–14 years, had a diagnosis of asthma or experienced ‘wheeze or whistling in the chest’, and had experienced symptoms in the previous 12 months were identified using random residential address start points and door knocking. Ethnically stratified sampling ratios were used to ensure that approximately equal numbers of children of Māori, Pacific and Other ethnicity were enrolled into the study. A face-to-face interview was conducted with the caregivers of these children. Data was collected about: socio-demographic factors; asthma morbidity; asthma medications and delivery devices; exposure to, and experiences of, asthma education and asthma action plans; and asthma-related health services utilisation. Results In this study, the caregivers of 647 eligible children were invited to participate and 583 completed the interview, giving an overall completion rate of 90.1%. There were no ethnic differences in completion rates. The overall use of inhaled corticosteroid medications had increased since previous New Zealand research was published. Multivariable modelling that adjusted for potential confounders did not identify ethnic differences in the use of inhaled corticosteroids or oral steroids. Some findings about medication delivery mechanisms indicated that care was not consistent with guidelines. About 15% of participants reported they had not received asthma education from a primary care health professional. After adjusting for potential confounders there were no ethnic differences in the likelihood of having received asthma education from a health professional. Among those participants who had received education from a primary care health professional, significantly fewer Māori and Pacific caregivers reported receiving education about asthma triggers, pathophysiology and action plans. Lower proportions of Pacific (77.7%; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 70.3, 85.1) and Māori (79.8%; 95% CI 73.6, 85.9) caregivers were given information about asthma triggers compared to Other caregivers (89.2%; 95% CI 84.9, 93.6; p=0.01). Fewer Māori (63.6%; 95% CI 55.7, 71.4) and Pacific (68.1%; 95% CI 60.1, 76.1) caregivers reported receiving information about pathophysiology (Other 75.9%; 95% CI 69.5, 82.3; p=0.05). Information about asthma action plans had been given to 22.7% (95% CI 15.5, 29.9) of Pacific and 32.9% (95% CI 25.3, 40.6) of Māori compared to Other participants (36.5%; 95% CI 28.6, 44.3; p=0.04). In addition, fewer Māori (64.2%; 95% CI 56.1, 72.3) and Pacific (68.5%; 95% CI 60.1, 77.0) reported that the information they received was clear and easy to understand (Other 77.9%; 95% CI 71.8, 84.1; p=0.03). About half of those who had received education from a health professional reported receiving further education and, after adjustment for potential confounders, Pacific caregivers were less likely to have been given further education (odds ratio 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.33, 0.96). A minority of participants (35.3%) had heard about action plans and, after adjustment for potential confounders, Pacific caregivers were less likely to have heard about these plans (odds ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.33, 0.96). About 10% of the sample was considered to have a current action plan. The mean number of visits to a GP for acute and routine asthma care (excluding after-hours doctors and medical services) in the previous twelve months were significantly higher for Pacific (3.89; CI 3.28, 4.60) and Māori (3.56; CI 3.03, 4.16) children than Other ethnic group children (2.47; CI 2.11, 2.85; p<0.0001). Multivariable modelling of health service utilization outcomes (‘number of GP visits for acute and routine asthma care in the previous twelve months’, ‘high use of hospital emergency departments’, and ‘hospital admissions’) showed that adjustment for potential confounding and asthma management variables reduced, but did not fully explain, ethnic differences in these outcomes. Māori children experienced 22% more GP visits and Pacific children 28% more visits than Other children (p=0.05). Other variables that were significantly associated with a higher number of GP visits were: regular source of care they always used (regression coefficient (RC) 0.24; p<0.01); lower household income (RC 0.31; p=0.004) and having a current action plan (RC 0.38; p=0.006). Increasing age (RC -0.04; p=0.003), a lay source of asthma education (RC -0.41; p=0.001), and higher scores on asthma management scenario (RC -0.03; p=0.05) were all associated with a lower number of GP visits. Pacific (odds ratio (OR) 6.93; 95% CI 2.40, 19.98) and Māori (OR 2.60; 95% CI 0.87, 8.32) children were more likely to have used an emergency department for asthma care in the previous twelve months (p=0.0007). Other variables that had a significant effect on the use of EDs in the multivariable model were: not speaking English in the home (OR 3.72; 95% CI 1.52, 9.09; p=0.004), male sex (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.15, 5.15; p=0.02), and having a current action plan (OR 7.85; 95% CI 3.49, 17.66; p<0.0001). Increasing age was associated with a reduced likelihood of using EDs (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.81, 1.00; p=0.05). Hospitalisations were more likely in the Pacific (OR 8.94; 95% CI 2.25, 35.62) and Māori (OR 5.40; 95% CI 1.28, 23.06) ethnic groups (p=0.007). Four other variables had a significant effect on hospital admissions in the multivariable model. Participants who had a low income (OR 3.70; 95% CI 1.49, 9.18; p=0.005), and those who had a current action plan (OR 8.39; 95% CI 3.85, 18.30; p<0.0001) were more likely to have been admitted to hospital in the previous 12 months. Increasing age (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.80, 0.98; p=0.02) and parental history of asthma (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.18, 0.85; p=0.02) were associated with reduced likelihood of admission. Conclusions The study is a robust example of cross-sectional design and has high internal validity. The study population is representative of the population of children with asthma in the community. The three ethnic groups are also considered to be representative of those ethnic groups in the community. The study, therefore, has good representativeness and the findings of the study can be generalised to the wider population of children with asthma in the Auckland region. The results suggested that some aspects of pharmacological management were more consistent with guideline recommendations than in the past. However, given the higher burden of disease experienced by Māori and Pacific children, the lack of observed ethnic differences in the use of preventative medications may reflect under treatment relative to need. There are important ethnic differences in the provision of asthma education and action plans. Future approaches to improving care should focus on interventions to assist health professionals to implement guideline recommendations and to monitor ethnic disparities in their practice. Asthma education that is comprehensive, structured and delivered in ways that are effective for the people concerned is needed.
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Kerr, Karolyn. "The institutionalisation of data quality in the New Zealand health sector." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1899.

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This research began a journey towards improved maturity around data quality management in New Zealand health care, where total data quality management is 'business as usual" institutionalised into the daily practices of all those who work in health care. The increasingly information intensive nature of health care demands a proactive and strategic approach to data quality to ensure the right information is available to the right person at the right time in the right format, all in consideration of the rights of the patient to have his/her health data protected and used in an ethical way. The work extends and tests principles to establish good practice and overcome practical barriers. This thesis explores the issues that define and control data quality in the national health data collections and the mechanisms and frameworks that can be developed to achieve and sustain good data quality. The research is interpretive, studying meaning within a social setting. The research provides the structure for learning and potential change through the utilisation of action research. Grounded theory provides the structure for the analysis of qualitative data through inductive coding and constant comparison in the analysis phase of the action research iterative cycle. Participatory observation provided considerable rich data as the researcher was a member of staff within the organisation. Data were also collected at workshops, focus groups, structured meetings and interviews. The development of a Data Quality Evaluation Framework and a national Data quality Improvement Strategy provides clear direction for a holistic and 'whole of health sector' way of viewing data quality, with the ability for organisations to develop and implement local innovations through locally developed strategies and data quality improvement programmes. The researcher utilised the theory of appreciative enquiry (Fry, 2002) to positively encourage change, and to encourage the utilisation of existing organisational knowledge. Simple rules, such as the TDQM process and the data quality dimensions guided the change, leaving room for innovation. The theory of 'complex systems of adjustment' (Champagne, 2002; Stacey, 1993) can be instilled in the organisation to encourage change through the constant interaction of people throughout the organisation.
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Claas, Bianca Muriel. "Self-reported oral health and access to dental care among pregnant women in Wellington : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1205.

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Pregnancy can have important effects on oral health and pregnant women are a population group requiring special attention with regard to their oral health and their babies? health. International research shows that oral health care for pregnant women has been inadequate, especially in relation to education and health promotion and there is some evidence of disparities by SES and ethnicity. Improving oral health is one of the health priorities in the New Zealand Health Strategy (Ministry of Health, 2000) and the Ministry of Health (Ministry of Health, 2006a) has recently identified a need for more information on the oral health and behaviour of pre-natal women. The aims of this study were to gain an understanding of pregnant women?s oral health care practices, access to oral health care information and use of dental care services and to identify any difference by ethnicity and socio-economic position. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 405 pregnant women (55% response rate) who attended antenatal classes in the Wellington region. The questionnaire was broadly divided into four parts: (1) care of the teeth when the woman was not pregnant; (2) care of the teeth and diet during the pregnancy; (3) sources of oral health information during pregnancy and; (4) demographic information . Data were analysed by age, ethnicity, education and income and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using logistic regression. The majority of women in this survey were pakeha (80.2%), compared to 19.7% „Others? (8.8% Maori, 1.9% Pacific, 8.6% other). Most of the subjects were aged 31-35 years (34.5%), of high SES (household income and education level). Half of the women reported having regular visits to the dentist previous pregnancy while a significant percentage of women saw a dentist basically when they had problems. The usual dental hygiene habits were maintained during pregnancy. However, during pregnancy more than 60% of women reported bleeding gums. Just 32% of women went to see the dentist during pregnancy and less than half had access to oral health information related to pregnancy. „Others? (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.91) and low income (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.76) groups were significantly less likely to report access to oral health information compared to pakeha and high income groups (respectively). Women who went to see the dentist during pregnancy were more likely to receive information on dental health. However, low income women were more likely to report the need to see a dentist (OR 2.55, CI 1.08-5.99). Information on dental health and access to oral care should be prioritised to low income women, Maori, Pacific and other ethnic groups. Little attention has previously been given to oral health for pregnant women in New Zealand and there is a need to increase awareness of the importance of this area amongst health practitioners particularly Lead Maternity Carers and Plunket and tamariki ora nurses.
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Wenn, Janice. "Kaupapa hauora Māori : ngā whakaaro whakahirahira o ngā kaumātua : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Māori Studies at Te Pumanawa Hauora Research Centre for Māori Health and Development, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand." Massey University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/995.

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There is a requirement for all services within the New Zealand health system to be accredited with an established quality organisation and to demonstrate an ability to provide a measurable quality service to consumers. For Māori these requirements must make sense in Māori terms. This thesis is based on the view that, for Māori, the concept of health is more effectively expressed as hauora - optimal health and wellbeing for Māori. This thesis makes five contributions to Māori health and Māori health research. First, it identifies a responsive approach to engaging kaumātua effectively in the process of qualitative research. Second, it identifies a fundamental underlying conceptual framework – kaupapa hauora Māori as a means of understanding hauora – expressed in terms derived from kaumātua in Taranaki and Kahungunu. Third, it adapts this conceptual framework into an analytical research framework and then applies it to allow kaupapa hauora Māori (described in terms of worldview, values and ethics) to be identified from a range of data. Fourth, it critically analyses popular models of Māori health – Te Whare Tapa Whā, Te Wheke and Ngā Pou Mana. Finally, it proposes and details post-doctoral research that will translate kaupapa hauora Māori into a quality services framework/tool. “Kaupapa Hauora Māori” is a conceptual framework articulated by kaumātua, and has its origins in te ao Māori, from which the aronga or worldview is developed. The aronga is composed of the kaupapa or values and tikanga or ethics that provide kaumātua with the values base of hauora. These components have been identified by kaumātua and not only inform the concept of KHM but also inform the analytical research framework that is applied to the data. The values have been identified as a core set of values comprising whakapapa, wairua, whenua, whānau, tikanga te reo Māori, tinana, and hinengaro, and the associated tikanga is expressed as behaviour or ethics. These, together, influence the perception and understanding individuals have of their world and of hauora.
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Clendon, Jillian Margaret. "Motherhood and the 'Plunket Book' : a social history : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/826.

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The Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health Book (the Plunket book) is a small booklet given to New Zealand mothers on the birth of a child. It has been used by nurses as a tool to record growth and development from birth to five years since the 1920s. Although use of the book decreases over time, it is frequently kept within the family and handed on from mother to child. Utilising an oral history approach, this study has traced the development of the Plunket book over time and explored the experiences of a group of 34 women and one man who have reflected on their ownership of, or involvement with, Plunket books. The study found that the Plunket book remains an effective clinical tool for mothers and nurses. Mothers have used the book as a tool to link past with present, to maintain kinship ties across generations, to deal with change intergenerationally, and in a manner that contributes to their self-identity as woman and mother. Although mothers were able to use the book to affirm their own knowledge and that of their mothers, a medically dominated discourse persists in the book. The book has also played a role in facilitating the interaction between mother and nurse, providing an opportunity to explore the relationship in detail. The study found that the most successful relationships at any time were those that bordered the division between a professional relationship and a personal one: it was not the information that nurses offered but the interaction and resulting care they provided that was important to the mothers in the study. The study recommends that nurses and other health professionals continue to use the Plunket book as a clinical tool mindful of the fact that the book remains in use beyond the health professional’s immediate involvement with the mother and child, playing an important role in the context of the New Zealand family across generations. Future versions of the book should contain written reference to the strengths and abilities the mother holds as she cares for her child, reaffirming her role and identity as mother not only when her children are younger but as they grow and become parents themselves.
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Nyberg, Roy. "Examining institutional entrepreneurship at early moments : the case of mobile health in England and Finland." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b9fc5103-d06b-4562-aef8-8746d31c2ea7.

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If you have an idea about applying a proven technology to improve the processes in a new area of society, what does it take to implement it in a way that it has wide impact and endures? This is a relevant question particularly now, at the dawn of the age of 'big data', as information and communication technologies are adopted in many areas to harness the ability to collect, retrieve and analyse large amounts of information, and be made available at the level of individual users. Extraordinarily powerful devices developed in recent years offer much promise, but as many examples, such as Betamax, WAP-technology, HD DVD and netbooks, show that even potent technologies may fail to gain predominance and survive. The concept of institutional entrepreneurship is a useful framework to analyse these complex issues as it embodies a comprehensive analytical perspective, combining attention to the institutional environment as well as to the efforts by interested and re-sourced actors. I use this concept to I investigate the efforts to introduce mobile technology into health care in England and Finland. I employ a distinct research strategy that avoids a retrospective bias, through the collection and analysis of qualitative data before known outcomes, from a wide range of technology, care, regulatory and intermediary organisations. I uncover some of the difficulties to technology adoption and develop arguments about the types of efforts and the impact of context at the early moment stage that contribute to the further development of the concept of institutional entrepreneurship.
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Dodsworth, Caroline. "How can midlife nurses be supported to deliver bedside care in the acute clinical services until retirement? : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Philosophy (Nursing), Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/902.

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As the baby boomer generation move inexorably towards retirement and the requirement for health care services increases, the supply of nurses available to provide care at the patient bedside is forecast to fall significantly short of demand. This thesis has explored the perspectives of midlife nurses, asking what it would take to keep them in bedside practice until retirement. These nurses have provided insights which offer employers of valuable senior nurses, suggestions for maximising their potential. Through the use of questionnaires and focus groups nurses aged 45 years and over were asked what the employer can do to ensure that they are able to continue to work at the patient bedside until they reach the age of retirement. The results of this research demonstrate a workforce of nurses who are passionate and committed to their profession, but feeling disillusioned and disempowered. The nursing environment has changed over the span of their career and they find the increased workload, together with increasing professional demands, too hard to cope with. They feel they have no control over their workload, their shift patterns, or the expectations of their patients and colleagues. They want their experience to be recognized but they do not want to have to prove competency; they want to have a voice but they are unwilling to pursue postgraduate education to learn how to become visible and emancipated.
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Andrae, Daniela. ""Diabetes? I can live with it" : a qualitative evaluation of a diabetes self-management programme : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1199.

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Self-management programmes provide one form of education for people with diabetes. Evaluations of these programmes allow for a better understanding in regard to their impact and whether outcomes are met. Very little research has used qualitative methods to capture participants’ experiences of these programmes and their perception of psychological outcomes. This is the first qualitative evaluation of the Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Programme in Whangarei. It has adopted an interpretative-phenomenological approach to explore participants’ experiences of the programme and participants’ perceptions in regard to their self-efficacy and quality of life after attending a course. A sample of 7 participants with diabetes provided data via interviews 4 weeks and 3 months after attending the course. The themes that emerged from the initial interview were separated into three evaluation components. In “6 weeks sounded very long but it was worth the time”, participants discussed enrolment, benefits of the course and suggestions for future participants. In “I know what I need to do and I’m confident to do it”, participants linked the gained knowledge from the course to improvements in their self-efficacy regarding self-management behaviours, education and control of own life. In “Life is good, diabetes is just another thing to handle”, participants reflected on the impact of living with diabetes and changes to their life. An overarching theme of settling into a comfortable routine emerged from the follow-up interview. Participants reflected positively on their course and research participation. The programme was perceived to be beneficial to participants, impacting positively on increasing knowledge, self-efficacy development, behaviour changes and quality of life. The participants maintained these benefits in the short-term. These results are discussed in terms of the need for further research to evaluate if benefits are maintained in the long-term, referral process to the programme, decision-making process in regard to enrolment and impact of a support person attending the programme. Practice implications for the programme are discussed in regard to incorporating a follow-up phone call to participants after they attended a course and offering follow-up sessions with the latest information on diabetes care.
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Engelbrecht, Judith Merrylyn. "Electronic clinical decision support (eCDS) in primary health care: a multiple case study of three New Zealand PHOs : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1107.

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Health care providers internationally are facing challenges surrounding the delivery of high quality, cost effective services. The use of integrated electronic information systems is seen by many people working in the health sector as a way to address some of the associated issues. In New Zealand the primary health care sector has been restructured to follow a population based care model and provides services through not-for-profit Primary Health Organisations (PHOs). PHOs, together with their District Health Boards (DHBs), contributing service providers, and local communities, are responsible for the care of their enrolled populations. The Ministry of Health (MoH) is streamlining information sharing in this environment through improvements to computer based information systems (IS). By providing health professionals with improved access to required information within an appropriate time frame, services can be targeted efficiently and effectively and patient health outcomes potentially improved. However, the adoption of IS in health care has been slower than in other industries. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of health care professionals’ attitudes to, and use of, available IS is currently needed to contribute to the development of appropriate systems. This research employs a multiple case study strategy to establish the usage of IS by three New Zealand PHOs and their member primary health care providers (PHPs), with a focus on the role of IS in clinical decision support (CDS). A mixed method approach including semi-structured interviews and postal surveys was used in the study. Firstly, the research develops and applies a survey tool based on an adaptation of an existing framework, for the study of IT sophistication in the organisations. This provides the foundation for an in-depth study of the use of computerised CDS (eCDS) in the PHO environment. Secondly, a conceptual model of eCDS utilisation is presented, illustrating the variation of eCDS use by member general practitioner (GP) practices within individual organisations. Thirdly, five areas of importance for improving eCDS utilisation within PHO’s are identified, contributing information of use to organisations, practitioners, planners, and systems developers. Lastly, the research provides a structure for the study of the domain of eCDS in PHOs by presenting a research approach and information specific for the area.
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Moxon, Alicia M. "The effectiveness of a brief psychoeducational intervention for people with schizophrenia and their families : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1143.

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In an attempt to replicate and extend previous research, the present study conducted a brief psychoeducational intervention through community organisations designed to overcome methodological shortcomings of past studies. The two session intervention (one session with follow-up phone call) sought to establish if a brief community intervention was effective in both improving family members’ knowledge about schizophrenia and various other indicators linked to improved client functioning. People with schizophrenia and their family members (N = 50) were recruited into a controlled trial of a brief educational intervention. Clients and their corresponding key family members were randomly allocated to a treatment group or a wait-list control group. Measures included those reflecting knowledge about schizophrenia, expressed emotion, perceived coping ability, burden of care and distress. Analyses showed that knowledge increased significantly after the intervention and not after the control condition and was maintained at a nine-month follow-up. Family members’ and clients’ expressed emotion ratings significantly decreased from pre- to post-test with changes in total expressed emotion scores improving across treatment by over twice the magnitude compared to the control condition. All gains were maintained at the nine-month follow-up, with continuing improvement seen in family members’ intrusiveness ratings. A similar pattern of findings was reflected on other indices, with significant improvements in burden of care, coping and distress that were more a function of intervention than the control condition. All gains were maintained at the nine-month follow-up. Additionally, assessment of relapse rates at this follow-up interval indicated that no client had relapsed. Overall the results suggested that although knowledge increased as a result of education, the improvements in all indicators other than knowledge appeared to be due to education combined with some non-specific factors. These non-specific factors may have included expectancy effects, setting effects, sampling bias and other possibilities. These issues are considered in terms of implementation of brief programs in supportive community settings and in terms of future research.
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Books on the topic "Health care fields"

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Washnis, George J. Discovery of magnetic health: A health care alternative. Rockville, MD: Nova Pub. Co., 1993.

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Nursing and mental health care: An introduction for all fields of practice. Exeter: Learning Matters, 2011.

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Badasch, Shirley A. Introduction to health occupations: Today's health care worker. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall Health, 2000.

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Baxter, Lisa. Small voices big noises: Lay involvement in health research : lessons from other fields. Exeter: Washington Singer Press, 2001.

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Sense & sensitivity: Holistic approaches to personal development and good health : a basic self help book to enhance your awareness for those interested in personal growth, colour and energy fields. England]: Soul Traders, 2001.

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Warzazi, Halima Embarek. Review of further developments in fields with which the Sub-commission has been concerned: Study on traditional practices affecting the health of women and children : final report. [Geneva]: United Nations Economic and Social Council, 1991.

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Cohn, Victor. News & numbers: A guide to reporting statistical claims and controversies in health and other fields. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1989.

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1934-, Cope Lewis, ed. News & numbers: A guide to reporting statistical claims and controversies in health and other fields. 2nd ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 2001.

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Sneed, James H. Antitrust: Challenge of the health care field. Washington, DC: National Health Lawyers Association, 1990.

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A, Rose Lisa, ed. 120 careers in the health care field. 2nd ed. Miami, Fla: U.S. Directory Service, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health care fields"

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Yeates, Nicola, and Jane Pillinger. "International Organizations, Care and Migration: The Case of Migrant Health Care Workers." In International Organizations in Global Social Governance, 83–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65439-9_4.

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AbstractNicola Yeates and Jane Pillinger offer a much-needed summary of the historical development of health care worker migration as a global social policy field in which distinct fields of care and migration overlap. Focusing on international governmental and non-governmental organizations, the chapter draws attention to shifting constellations of ideas, actors and institutions in this field since the end of WWII to the present day. It emphasizes the necessity of a pluralistic and dynamic understanding of the field, and the role of contestation, cooperation and coordination in the unfolding of global policy, in order to better comprehend the origins of this field and its key characteristics. Emphasizing a multi-sectoral perspective and lateral connections in the construction of this global social policy field, Yeates and Pillinger explore the methodological and analytical implications of this for the study of IOs in global social policy more generally.
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Kallert, Thomas W. "Mental Health Care and Patients' Rights - Are these Two Fields Currently Compatible?" In Coercive Treatment in Psychiatry, 121–50. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470978573.ch8.

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Baltag, O., and C. M. Rau. "SQUID Gradiometer for Biomagnetic Fields." In International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology; 5th – 7th June 2014, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 139–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07653-9_28.

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Kreutzer, Ralf T., and Marie Sirrenberg. "Fields of Application of Artificial Intelligence—Health Care, Education and Human Resource Management." In Understanding Artificial Intelligence, 167–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25271-7_6.

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Taieb, Salma Hadj, Taicir Moalla Loukil, Abderrahman El Mhamedi, and Yasmina Hani. "Two Variants of Bi-objective Vehicle Routing Problem in Home (Health)-Care Fields." In Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems, 77–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85914-5_9.

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Frick, Eckhard. "Charting Spiritual Care: Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Aspects." In Charting Spiritual Care, 171–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47070-8_10.

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Abstract Proactively addressing religious and spiritual (r/s) issues has a strong intervention effect on patients, which is generally more important than the detailed content of spiritual screenings and assessments. When asked about r/s needs or problems, patients may feel bothered, surprised, annoyed, or, conversely, satisfied, supported, acknowledged in their coping efforts. Consequently, documentation should first and foremost reflect the patient’s reaction towards the clinician’s r/s intervention and to what extent the patient wishes this interaction to be shared within the healthcare team. In psychiatry and psychotherapy, patients’ spirituality is less pathologized than in former times and more and more accepted as a universal dimension of human experience, transcending individual religions. In mental health and in other medical fields, r/s may be part of the problem or part of the solution (K. Pargament), or both. Consequently, spiritual charting should not only differentiate pathological/negative and resilient/positive coping but consists of the patient’s r/s healthcare preferences and goals as well as the role he or she attributes to the health professional.
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Vos, Rein, Dick Willems, and Rob Houtepen. "Coordinating the Norms and Values of Medical Research, Medical Practice and Patient Worlds. The Ethics of Evidence-based Medicine in ‘Boundary Fields of Medicine’." In Evidence-based Practice in Medicine and Health Care, 87–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27133-3_10.

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McHugh, Sheli, and Kristen Yarmey. "Health Care." In Near Field Communication, 39–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02036-0_5.

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Rojatz, Daniela, Peter Nowak, Ottomar Bahrs, and Jürgen M. Pelikan. "The Application of Salutogenesis in Primary Care." In The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 419–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_38.

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AbstractPrimary care is understood as the first contact point to medical care. It operates at the interface between the social and the health systems, between the patient with his or her family and the professional environment, and refers to the local population, while primary health care, following WHO, is defined as a whole-of-society approach envisioned to contribute to universal health coverage and equality. This chapter is dedicated primarily to the application of salutogenesis in primary care. Since primary care services are a complex of strongly interrelated professional practice, research, and supporting policy, applying salutogenesis in primary care comprehensively should introduce salutogenesis in all these fields simultaneously.This chapter examines how salutogenesis is addressed and discussed in policy, research, and practice of primary care and discusses the application of salutogenesis as an orientation, a model, and the construct of ‘sense of coherence’. Thus, it contributes to supporting the application of salutogenesis in primary care and provides an outlook on further research needs.
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Suarasan, R. E., I. Suarasan, S. R. Budu, M. I. Suarasan, A. Maniu, and R. Morar. "Ozone and Intense Electric Fields Applyance in Treating of External Wounds Become Overinfected." In International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology; 12th - 15th October 2016, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 49–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52875-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Health care fields"

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Kortekaas, R., S. M. van Belkum, L. E. van Nierop, and R. A. Schoevers. "Weak field transcerebral pulsed electromagnetic fields in health care." In 2014 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucap.2014.6902110.

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Rosenthal, F., M. Carter, S. Hampton, and T. Mays. "49. Evaluation of Electric and Magnetic Fields Around an Induction Cap Sealer." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765159.

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Gandy, J., T. Lavy, J. Mattice, and S. Richards. "142. Airborne Concentrations of Propanil within Residences of Families Living Adjacent to Aerially Sprayed Rice Fields." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764801.

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Swanson, J. "Low-frequency magnetic fields: the engineer's perspective." In IEE Colloquium on `Magnets in Medicine - Hazards and Health Care'. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19951004.

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Sienkiewicz, Zenon J. "Biological effects of low frequency magnetic fields." In IEE Colloquium on `Magnets in Medicine - Hazards and Health Care'. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19951007.

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Rivera, L. M., J. Bustamante, M. Giraldo, and L. M. Hoyos. "Study of flow fields and shear stresses distributions through a Björk-Shiley prosthetic valve." In 2013 Pan American Health Care Exchanges (PAHCE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2013.6568275.

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Roman, E. "Electromagnetic fields and the risk of childhood cancer." In IEE Colloquium on `Magnets in Medicine - Hazards and Health Care'. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19951005.

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Grzesik, J. "52. Practical Aspects of Informing the Affected People of the Results of Examinations Aimed at Estimation of the Impact of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Their Health." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765163.

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Barker, A. T. "Stimulation of nerves and muscles using large pulsed magnetic fields." In IEE Colloquium on `Magnets in Medicine - Hazards and Health Care'. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19951000.

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Kun, Luis G. "Transfer and utilization of government technology assets to the private sector in the fields of health care and information technologies." In Health Care Technology Policy II: The Role of Technology in the Cost of Health Care: Providing the Solutions, edited by Warren S. Grundfest. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.225322.

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Reports on the topic "Health care fields"

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van Ginneken, Nadja, Simon Lewin, and Vikram Patel. Do non-specialist health workers improve the care of people with mental, neurological and substance-use disorders? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170213.

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Non specialist health workers (including doctors, nurses, lay health workers) who are not specialists in mental health or neurology, but who have some training in these fields, and other professionals, such as teachers, may have an important role to play in delivering mental, neurological or substance abuse care.
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Rudd, Ian. Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Robotics to Improve Mental Health. Intellectual Archive, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2710.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the oldest fields of computer science used in building structures that look like human beings in terms of thinking, learning, solving problems, and decision making (Jovanovic et al., 2021). AI technologies and techniques have been in application in various aspects to aid in solving problems and performing tasks more reliably, efficiently, and effectively than what would happen without their use. These technologies have also been reshaping the health sector's field, particularly digital tools and medical robotics (Dantas & Nogaroli, 2021). The new reality has been feasible since there has been exponential growth in the patient health data collected globally. The different technological approaches are revolutionizing medical sciences into dataintensive sciences (Dantas & Nogaroli, 2021). Notably, with digitizing medical records supported the increasing cloud storage, the health sector created a vast and potentially immeasurable volume of biomedical data necessary for implementing robotics and AI. Despite the notable use of AI in healthcare sectors such as dermatology and radiology, its use in psychological healthcare has neem models. Considering the increased mortality and morbidity levels among patients with psychiatric illnesses and the debilitating shortage of psychological healthcare workers, there is a vital requirement for AI and robotics to help in identifying high-risk persons and providing measures that avert and treat mental disorders (Lee et al., 2021). This discussion is focused on understanding how AI and robotics could be employed in improving mental health in the human community. The continued success of this technology in other healthcare fields demonstrates that it could also be used in redefining mental sicknesses objectively, identifying them at a prodromal phase, personalizing the treatments, and empowering patients in their care programs.
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Dunsch, Felipe, David Evans, Ezinne Eze-Ajoku, and Mario Macis. Management, Supervision, and Health Care: A Field Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23749.

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Werbeck, Anna, Ansgar Wübker, and Nicolas Ziebarth. Cream Skimming by Health Care Providers and Inequality in Health Care Access: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28809.

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Sajjanhar, Anuradha, and Denzil Mohammed. Immigrant Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Immigrant Learning Center Inc., December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54843/dpe8f2.

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The COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone in the United States, and essential workers across industries like health care, agriculture, retail, transportation and food supply were key to our survival. Immigrants, overrepresented in essential industries but largely invisible in the public eye, were critical to our ability to weather the pandemic and recover from it. But who are they? How did they do the riskiest of jobs in the riskiest of times? And how were both U.S.-born and foreign-born residents affected? This report explores the crucial contributions of immigrant essential workers, their impact on the lives of those around them, and how they were affected by the pandemic, public sentiment and policies. It further explores the contradiction of immigrants being essential to all of our well-being yet denied benefits, protections and rights given to most others. The pandemic revealed the significant value of immigrant essential workers to the health of all Americans. This report places renewed emphasis on their importance to national well-being. The report first provides a demographic picture of foreign-born workers in key industries during the pandemic using U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) data. Part I then gives a detailed narrative of immigrants’ experiences and contributions to the country’s perseverance during the pandemic based on interviews with immigrant essential workers in California, Minnesota and Texas, as well as with policy experts and community organizers from across the country. Interviewees include: ■ A food packing worker from Mexico who saw posters thanking doctors and grocery workers but not those like her working in the fields. ■ A retail worker from Argentina who refused the vaccine due to mistrust of the government. ■ A worker in a check cashing store from Eritrea who felt a “responsibility to be able to take care of people” lining up to pay their bills. Part II examines how federal and state policies, as well as increased public recognition of the value of essential workers, failed to address the needs and concerns of immigrants and their families. Both foreign-born and U.S.-born people felt the consequences. Policies kept foreign-trained health care workers out of hospitals when intensive care units were full. They created food and household supply shortages resulting in empty grocery shelves. They denied workplace protections to those doing the riskiest jobs during a crisis. While legislation and programs made some COVID-19 relief money available, much of it failed to reach the immigrant essential workers most in need. Part II also offers several examples of local and state initiatives that stepped in to remedy this. By looking more deeply at the crucial role of immigrant essential workers and the policies that affect them, this report offers insight into how the nation can better respond to the next public health crisis.
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Shaffer, Kelly, Kea Turner, Chelsea Siwik, Brian Gonzalez, Rujula Upasani, Jillian Glazer, Robert Ferguson, Catherine Joshua, and Carissa Low. Digital Health and Telehealth in Cancer Care: A Protocol for a Scoping Review of Reviews. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0089.

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Review question / Objective: To identify and summarize existing systematic reviews of digital health and telehealth across the cancer care continuum, in order to detail the state of the science and to identify important gaps to guide future reviews. Background: Standard oncology care rarely utilized digital health and telehealth prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, although there has been increasing interest in leveraging technology to increase accessibility of cancer care over the past two decades. Delivering interventions by the telephone and Internet can reduce barriers relative to in-person care. With the particular acceleration of research into remote cancer care delivery through the pandemic, we sought to characterize the current state of the science available through literature reviews in this field.
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Button, Patrick, Eva Dils, Benjamin Harrell, Luca Fumarco, and David Schwegman. Gender Identity, Race, and Ethnicity Discrimination in Access to Mental Health Care: Preliminary Evidence from a Multi-Wave Audit Field Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28164.

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Mitchell, R. Comparative impact of selected group input variables on self-assessments of group process skills in interdisciplinary health care teams : a field study. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6012.

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Hegazi, Sahar. Utilization of operations research in Egypt. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1018.

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This study aims to maximize the utilization of operations research (OR) findings in Egypt to strengthen research efforts contributing to the improvement of the family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) care program. To date, the field of OR in Egypt has not conducted a systematic review of the utilization of the OR studies completed over the last decade. The long-term objective of this study, as noted in this report, was to maximize the utilization of OR and strengthen future efforts contributing to the improvement of the FP and RH care program in Egypt. The study’s sample included selected studies completed by the principal agencies conducting OR in Egypt—Family Health International (FHI) (1989–1992) and the ANE OR/TA Project of the Population Council (1992–present). The analysis of the qualitative findings was based on a framework applied in a similar study in Indonesia by the ANE OR/TA Project and built on three elements: research product, scientific network, and researcher-audience relationship. Analysis of data indicated a general satisfaction with the contribution of OR to the FP and RH program in Egypt.
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Hartle, Jennifer C., Ossama (Sam) A. Elrahman, Cara Wang, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Yue Ding, and Matt McGahan. Assessing Public Health Benefits of Replacing Freight Trucks with Cargo Cycles in Last Leg Delivery Trips in Urban Centers. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1952.

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Increased urbanization, population growth, and demand for time-sensitive deliveries means increased freight movement in cities, which contributes to emissions, noise, and safety concerns. One innovative mode gaining widespread attention for urban deliveries is cargo cycles—bicycles adapted for freight delivery. Despite the recognized potential and possible success of transporting at least 25% of freight via cycle, research remains limited. This research investigates the potential of cargo cycle delivery for last mile freight in Oakland, California, with a focus on the West Oakland neighborhood. The data collection included interviews, focus groups, vehicle field observation and counts, and traffic simulation modeling. The traffic simulation examined scenarios where businesses converted different percentages of current deliveries to cargo cycles using a transfer hub as the starting point for their cargo cycle delivery. The best-case scenario—where the maximum percentage of deliveries were made with cargo cycle instead of motorized vehicles—resulted in reductions of 2600 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per day. In that case scenario, the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction is equivalent to a reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and reactive organic gas (ROG) of taking about 1000 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. In the worst-case scenario, with a significantly smaller percentage of motorized package deliveries converted to cargo cycles, there is a reduction of 160 VMT, equivalent to the removal of approximately 80 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. This potential reduction in air pollution and traffic congestion, as well as job creation, would benefit West Oakland residents.
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