Dissertations / Theses: 'Health behavior'

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Baej, Khalifa Ali. "Social structure, health orientation and health behavior." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3426.

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An attempt has been made to examine the relationship between social structure and medical factors in a framework which links cosmopolitanism to health orientation and behavior. Specifically, this study has attempted to investigate the variations in health knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behavior among individuals whose social structure varies in terms of cosmopolitanism.

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KELLY, CYNTHIA WEEKS. "MEASURING HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006199575.

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Bolin, Rachel C. "Mobile Health Technology and Health Behavior: A Look into the Workplace Setting." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/5.

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Obesity is a widespread topic across the country as healthcare costs continue to rise. The field of health communication encompasses many efforts made by scholars and those working in health education and promotion to help individuals live healthier lives. As technology continues to evolve, e-health and mobile health programs are being explored as creative avenues for this endeavor. This study takes a mixed methods approach consisting of an experiment and a series of in-depth interviews. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the experiment examines the effects of a popular mobile phone application, “my fitness pal,” on the users’ attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of health behaviors. The interviews investigate how and why the mobile application has health benefits. There were 35 University of Kentucky employees who participated, and then a few follow-up interviews were conducted. Although, several hypotheses were not supported by the data, the results show there was an increase in the overall health statuses of participants encouraged to interact with co-workers about the mobile application through social media as well as face-to-face communication. Several applications can be taken from this study in order to improve future mobile health applications and workplace health and wellness programs.

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Gipson-Kendrick, Zoe Elizabeth. "Parents and Health Behavior Change: A Review of the Role of Parents’ Behavioral Intentions for Health Behavior Change in Their Children." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/906.

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Objective: To examine the existing literature on the relation between contextual and health factors that influence parent intention for child health behavior change, focusing on the importance of a strong theoretical background and measures that match the proposed theory, and to determine the use of intention in the proposed sample of articles. Method: A preliminary search was conducted, seeking out interventions and programs that target nutrition and/or physical activity in relation to childhood obesity prevention using PsycINFO and MedLine databases. This search totaled 29 studies to be included in the final review. Results: Ten articles studied intention as a dependent variable, twelve with intention as in independent variable, and seven with intention as a mediating variable. A majority of the articles included a theoretical background (86.2%), while 13.8% of the articles did not include any. Seven overall constructs of interest were established: intention/goal, attitudes, self-efficacy, behavior, social support, knowledge/awareness, and norms. Effect sizes for significant pathways were collected/calculated for the specified variables. Finally, behavioral intention was measured inconsistently in each article, some providing reliability, validity, and/or references for the scales measuring intention, while some did not. Conclusions: Childhood obesity prevention and intervention literature is inconsistent in the use of theory, strong measurement, and incorporation of other fields of psychology.

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Kamanga, Ursula. "Investigating how health apps influence college students’ health behavior." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32942.

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Master of Science
Department of Journalism and Mass Communications
Louise Benjamin
This study examined how health apps influence college students’ health behavior, because about 50 percent of college students do not comply with physical activity recommendations. Because mobile applications (apps) are popular among college students, they hold promise for promoting behavior change in physical activity. This research was conducted through an online questionnaire distributed to a randomized sample of 18-35 year-old Mid-Western university students. Questionnaire data were analyzed from 237 surveys using Pearson’s Product Moment correlation (r) and Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2). This study showed that college students generally perceived health apps to be useful with slightly over half of the participants using health apps (52.3 percent). Bivariate analysis indicated positive attitudes towards health apps and positive attitudes towards physical activity (p < .001). The amount of experience using health apps yielded a positive relationship with attitudes towards physical activity (p = .008). In addition, having strong beliefs towards physical activity indicated a positive correlation with engaging in physical activity (p < .001). This study provides valuable information regarding attitudes towards health apps and the intention to use health apps for physical activity. While health apps do not trigger an intention to do physical activity, having “belief strength” and positive attitudes towards physical activity increases the likelihood for engaging in physical activity. Health communication intervention strategies and health practitioners can use this information to educate individuals about the advantages for their health that can be associated with using health apps.

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Sato, Chisaki. "Social and behavioral aspect of mother's health behaviors and neonatal health." Scholar Commons, 2004. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2972.

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The results of this study indicate that two groups of mothers share a relatively similar socioeconomic status, knowledge of health and hygiene, and have similar health-seeking behaviors. The mothers' lack of knowledge and their local view of illnesses seemed to embody questionable newborn care related to breastfeeding practices and oil applications to newborns. Three psychosocial factors that appeared to contribute to the mother's health-seeking behaviors were attitudinal factors (this consisted of favorable or unfavorable perceptions toward services based on the mother's prior experiences or familiarity with service), social pressures (opinions from others and the mother's competing responsibilities), and self-efficacies accessibility, availability, and affordability). In addition, the external factor of poverty in the slum settlements was also a significant factor which determined the mother's health seeking behaviors. The implications of these findings are discussed in further detail, which are then followed by a set of recommendations for future health interventions designed to reduce the risk of sepsis neonatorum in urban communities. This study underscores the benefits of integrating the perspectives of anthropology and public health to further the understanding of the neonatal health problem. Finally, the need for future studies is addressed as it is necessary to further understand the existing local practices and beliefs in relation to the risks of sepsis neonatorum.

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Webb, Jon R., Jameson K. Hirsch, Preston L. Visser, and Kenneth G. Brewer. "Forgiveness and Health: Assessing the Mediating Effect of Health Behavior, Social Support, and Interpersonal Functioning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/669.

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Religiousness and spirituality are important to most Americans and while beneficial associations between forgiveness and health are consistently observed, little is known regarding the mechanism of association. Cross-sectional multiple mediation-based analyses of associations between dimensions of forgiveness and physical and mental health were conducted using a sample of 363 undergraduate students from rural Southern Appalachia. Controlling for demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, education, ethnicity, and marital status) and lifetime religiousness, multivariable analyses reflected associations of forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others, but not feeling forgiven by God, with physical health status, somatic symptoms, mental health status, and psychological distress. All such associations operated through health behavior and/or social support; however, only in the context of forgiveness of self did such associations also operate through interpersonal functioning (problems). While forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others each appear to have a robust indirect relationship with health, mediation-based associations involving forgiveness of self were nearly twice as frequent. It may be that forgiveness of self is relatively more important to health-related outcomes.

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Lee, Sang Tak. "Understanding Customers\' Healthy Eating Behavior in Restaurants using the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50580.

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A large portion of the American public is overweight and many are classified as being obese. Obesity and unhealthy eating behavior are partially related to the increase in our society""s consumption of foods away from home. Accordingly, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has suggested new menu labeling regulations to help educate customers on healthy items among menu selections. Few studies have tried to understand customers"" healthy eating behavior in restaurants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand and to predict customers"" healthy eating behavior in casual dining restaurants, using the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model.
The results showed that attitude toward healthy eating behavior and subjective norm positively influenced intention to engage in healthy eating behavior in casual dining restaurants while perceived behavioral control did not. For healthy eating behavior in casual dining restaurants, perceived threat, self-efficacy, response to provision of nutrition information (cue to action) were significant predictors. However, perceived benefits and barriers were not statistically significant. Also, the study found that subjective nutrition knowledge influenced customers"" response to provision of nutrition information whereas objective nutrition knowledge did not. Customers"" healthy eating behavior positively influenced their willingness to patronize a restaurant that offers healthy menu items, which means that those who try to eat healthy menu items in casual dining restaurants are willing to revisit restaurants where healthy menu choices are available and to recommend the restaurants to others. Finally, this study generated socio-demographic profiles related to healthy eating behavior in casual dining restaurants and willingness to patronize a restaurant that provides healthy menu choices. The results revealed that education levels and BMI (Body Mass Index) status influenced customers"" healthy eating behavior. Also, customers"" willingness to patronize a restaurant that provides healthy menu items differed based on gender, marital status, and education levels.

Ph. D.

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Sirois, Fuschia M., A. Wood, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Gratitude and Health Behaviors: The Role of Future Orientation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/610.

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Background: Gratitude is an orientation towards the positive in life that increasingly is shown to have relevance for physical health. Less is known about how gratitude relates to health behaviours. The self-regulation resource model (SRRM) posits that future-orientation is a resource that promotes selfregulation of health behaviours. Accordingly, we meta-analytically tested whether gratitude was associated with the practice of health-promoting behaviours, and if future-orientation explained the association. Methods: Data from 14 samples (N = 4,111) from our labs were included in the meta-analysis as there was no published data. All samples completed measures of state or trait gratitude, and a measure of health behaviour frequency; six samples completed a measure of future orientation/self-continuity. Random effects metaanalysis was conducted on the correlations of gratitude with health behaviours, with subgroup analyses. Indirect effects through FO were tested and meta-analysed. Findings: Across all 14 samples, gratitude was significantly associated with more frequent health behaviours, avg. r = .261, [.22, .31]. The effects did not vary significantly across sample type (student/community), or gratitude measure (state/trait). Mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of gratitude on health behaviours through future-orientation in the six samples tested (N = 2,828), with an average index of mediation of beta = .068 [.05, .08]. The direct effects remained significant. Discussion: Findings are consistent with the SRRM and demonstrate that gratitude is associated with the practice of health-promoting behaviours, due in part to future-orientation. Further research is warranted to more fully investigate the potential of gratitude for promoting health behaviours.

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Rimstad, Kathryn O'Regan. "Health Behavior among College Students: Assessing Help-Seeking Behaviors in University Wellness Center Clients." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967969451&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Friedman, Abigail Sarah. "Essays in Health Economics: Understanding Risky Health Behaviors." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11429.

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This dissertation presents three papers applying health economics to the study of risky behaviors. The first uses data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the relationship between adverse events and risky behaviors among adolescents. Substance use responses to experiencing either of two adverse events--violent crime victimization or death of a non-family member one felt close to--explain 6.7 percent of first cigarette use, and 14.3 percent of first use of illegal drugs other than marijuana. Analyses of exercise, a positive coping mechanism, find shock-responses consistent with a coping-response, but not with rational, time-inconsistent, or non-rational drivers considered here. I conclude that distressing events lead to risky behaviors, with a coping response contributing to this effect.

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Ducharme, Simon. "Neuroanatomical correlates of Child Behavior Checklist Aggressive Behavior scores in typically developing children." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104779.

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Background: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) and basal ganglia have been implicated in the neurobiology of pathological aggression. They are thought to be the structures involved in top-down regulation of impulses from the limbic system. This study aimed at identifying neuroanatomical correlates of impulsive aggression in healthy children. Methods: Data from 193 representative 6-18 year-old healthy children were obtained from the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development after a blinded quality control (1). Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were obtained with automated software. Aggression levels were measured with the Aggressive Behavior scale (AGG) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). AGG scores were regressed against cortical thickness and basal ganglia volumes using first and second-order linear models while controlling for age, gender, scanner site and total brain volume. 'Gender by AGG' interactions were analyzed. Whole brain random field theory corrections for multiple comparisons were implemented.Results: There were positive associations between bilateral striatal volumes and AGG scores (right: r=0.238, p=0.001; left: r=0.188, p=0.01). A significant association was found with right ACC and subgenual ACC cortical thickness in a second-order linear model (p < 0.05, corrected). High AGG scores were associated with a relatively thin right ACC cortex. An 'AGG by gender' interaction trend was found in bilateral OFC and ACC associations with AGG scores. Conclusion: This study shows the existence of relationships between impulsive aggression in healthy children and the structure of the striatum and right ACC. It also suggests the existence of gender specific patterns of association in OFC/ACC grey matter. These results may guide research on oppositional-defiant and conduct disorders.KEYWORDS: Aggression, Cortical Thickness, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Orbito-Frontal Cortex, Striatum, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Contexte: Le cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA), le cortex orbito-frontal (COF) et les noyaux gris centraux ont été identifiés dans les recherches sur la neurobiologie de l'agressivité pathologique. Ces structures seraient impliquées dans la régulation 'top-down' des impulsions produites dans le système limbique. Le but de cette étude était d'identifier les corrélations neuroanatomiques de l'agressivité impulsive chez les enfants en santé ayant un développement normal. Méthodologie: Les données de 193 sujets de 6 à 18 ans ont été obtenues de l'étude NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development après un contrôle visuel de qualité des données (1). L'épaisseur corticale et les volumes sous-corticaux ont été obtenus avec des programmes automatisés. Le niveau d'agressivité a été mesuré avec l'échelle de comportements agressifs (AGG) obtenue du questionnaire Child Behavior Checklist. Les scores de AGG ont été analysés en régression linéaire avec l'épaisseur corticale et le volume des noyaux gris centraux en utilisant des modèles de premier et de deuxième ordre, et en contrôlant pour les effets de l'âge, du sexe, du numéro de scanner et du volume cérébral total. L'interaction 'AGG X sexe' a aussi été analysée. Une correction statistique de type random field theory pour comparaisons multiples a été appliquée aux résultats.Résultats: Une association positive a été trouvée entre les scores de AGG et le volume du striatum bilatéralement (droite: r=0.238, p=0.001; gauche: r=0.188, p=0.01). Une association significative était aussi présente entre AGG et l'épaisseur corticale du CCA droit et du CCA sous-géniculé droit dans un modèle linéaire de deuxième ordre (p < 0.05, corrigé). Les scores AGG élevés étaient associés à un CCA droit relativement mince. Une tendance d'association entre l'épaisseur corticale et l'interaction 'AGG X sexe' a aussi été trouvée dans le COF et le CCA bilatéralement. Conclusion: Cette étude démontre l'existence d'une relation entre l'agressivité impulsive chez les enfants en santé et la structure anatomique du striatum, ainsi que du CCA droit. Elle suggère également l'existence de patterns d'associations spécifiques au sexe dans la matière grise du COF et du CCA. Ces résultats pourraient guider la recherche clinique sur le trouble oppositionnel avec provocation et le trouble des conduites. MOTS CLÉS: Agressivité, Épaisseur corticale, Cortex cingulaire antérieur, Cortex orbito-frontal, Striatum, Imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM)

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Kramer, Kathryn Daugherty. "The role of behavioral technology in the promotion of oral health behavior." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90933.

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This study implemented two behavior management strategies, self-monitoring and monetary incentives, in a dental clinic and a private periodontal practice to explore the effects of these intervention strategies on subjects' dental flossing frequencies and to compare these strategies to standard educational procedures. Group analysis of four dependent variables generally showed minimal impact of the intervention strategies on flossing frequency. However, when the percentages of subjects within groups who improved on the dependent measures were evaluated, differential effects for some dependent variables were noted between settings and among intervention strategies. Based on those findings, the behavioral strategies of self-monitoring and monetary incentives did appear to enhance the effectiveness of education. Multimodal measures were used to assess changes in the target behavior. The general lack of covariance found among the dependent measures used in this study demonstrated that the interpretation varied with the choice of dependent variable. This finding suggested that past researchers, who used only physiological dependent measures to assess changes in the frequencies of dental flossing and brushing behaviors, should have selected more direct measures of the targeted behaviors (e.g. unobtrusive measures or direct observations).
M.S.

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Walker, William Bruce. "Computer mediated communication for health behavior change." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49906.

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A computer-mediated communication (CMC) system oriented towards changing health-related behavior was developed and evaluated. Stress management training was used to demonstrate the basic technology. Formative research and pilot-testing was conducted, to identify psychological and communication variables that are potentially critical to facilitating behavior change through the CMC medium. The resulting system was used to compare two forms of CMC training with face-to-face intervention: CMC Intensive Intervention (CII) and CMC Non-Intensive Intervention (CNI), with 9 matched subjects per treatment condition. CII subjects used their personal computers and modems to exchange messages with a therapist (the author), as well as to interact with automated system functions. Such functions included cognitive/behavioral assessment, l recording of self-monitored progress in applying specific and general coping strategies to managing stress, and instantaneous graphic and verbal feedback on such progress. The CNI form of intervention relied primarily on message exchanges with the therapist, and presentation of general information on stress management. The face-to-face (FFI) treatment was a "traditional" stress management workshop, comprising weekly one-hour sessions over a six-week period. FFI subjects’ assessment, information presentation, self-monitoring, and feedback were analogous to their CII counterparts. Major findings were that the CII treatment was as effective as the FFI treatment, while the CNI intervention was less effective than the other two treatments, through 3 months follow-up. This finding suggests that active involvement of subjects in practicing specific coping strategies may be critical to efficacious intervention through the CMC medium. Other findings were that: (1) The CMC message-exchange function can establish a "client-therapist relationship", which potentially overcomes a limitation of "computerized treatment" identified by previous researchers. (2) CMC-based intervention, at least for stress management-related problems, appears to be more cost-effective than face-to-face intervention, for individual treatment but not for group treatment. Implications for extensions to other types of behavior-change intervention and research are discussed.
Ph. D.
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Acadia, Spencer. "Exploratory Analysis of Social E-health Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500111/.

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Extant literature has documented well that people seek health information via the internet as patients and consumers. Much less, however, is known about interaction and creation behaviors in the development of new online health information and knowledge. More specifically, generalizable sociodemographic data on who engages in this online health behavior via social media is lacking in the sociological literature. The term “social e-health” is introduced to emphasize the difference between seeking behaviors and interaction and creation behaviors. A 2010 dataset of a large nationally representative and randomly sampled telephone survey made freely available from the Pew Research Center is used to examine social e-health behavior according to respondents’ sociodemographics. The dependent variable of social e-health behavior is measured by 13 survey questions from the survey. Gender, race, ethnicity, age, education, and income are used as independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds of engagement in social e-health behavior based on the sociodemographic predictors. The social determinants of health and digital divide frameworks are used to help explain why socioeconomic variances exist in social e-health behavior. The findings of the current study suggest that predictable sociodemographic patterns along the dimensions of gender, race, age, education, and income exist for those who report engaging in social e-health behavior. This study is important because it underscores the fact that engagement in social e-health behavior is differentially distributed in the general U.S. population according to patterned sociodemographics.

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Derksen, Laura. "Information, social interactions and health seeking behavior." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3296/.

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This thesis examines the underlying cause of social stigma towards people living with HIV, and the extent to which it discourages HIV testing and treatment. We use a discrete choice model to describe a person’s decision to seek treatment for HIV (antiretroviral therapy or ART), and estimate the social cost of seeking treatment using administrative health records from southern Malawi. We show that seeking ART at a clinic where many other community members are present carries a significant cost, even after taking into account clinic quality and location. We investigate the theoretical effects of policy interventions designed to reduce stigma and other barriers to care, and demonstrate important complementarities between such policies. We next evaluate a cluster-randomized information experiment in Zomba, Malawi designed to correct a common misconception: most do not know that ART drugs have a public benefit, that is, the medication prevents HIV transmission between sexual partners. We microfound HIV stigma as sexual discrimination between sexual partners, and model the decision to seek an HIV test (and then, if required, medical treatment) as a signal of infection. We show, theoretically and empirically, that the randomized information intervention reduces this type of stigma and significantly increases the rate of HIV testing. The results demonstrate that social stigma is an important barrier to HIV testing and treatment, that stigma can be due to rational behavior by a misinformed public, and that providing new information can be an effective way to mitigate its effects.

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Nuhu, Kaamel M. "DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOR IN GHANA." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1539.

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Health can be described as both a product and a process of life, and is necessary for human wellbeing, overall quality of life and productivity. While health is generally desirable, many factors affect health and health outcomes of individuals and populations the world over. Virtually all individuals will be faced with one health problem or another during their lifetime, that requires some form of health care intervention. Whatever their reasons for seeking care, all health care consumers share a common interest – a desire to get better. In a pluralistic health care environment where different avenues exist for seeking and receiving health care, differential choice of care may be influenced by sociodemographic and related factors. To the extent that the available avenues for seeking and receiving health care do not offer the same opportunities for improving health, significantly different health outcomes may be realized for comparable conditions for which different types and volume of health care are sought and received. Understanding the factors that influence health-seeking behaviors among various populations may therefore, be an important first step in designing intervention programs that nudge health consumers toward better health-seeking behaviors with the goal to improving health and health outcomes among these populations. The purpose of this research was to develop a research instrument for studying health-seeking behaviors based on the Health Belief Model, and to use the instrument to study the factors that influence/predict health-seeking behaviors among Ghanaians. Using a convenience sample of 504 participants recruited from the Greater Accra, Ashanti, Volta and Northern Regions, analyses of the data showed that different sociodemographic characteristics such as age group, gender and health insurance status as well as selected modified constructs of the Health Belief Model such as Perceived Barriers to mainstream care, variously and collectively influence health-seeking behaviors at government and private health facilities, self-medication with herbal and pharmaceutical drugs, faith healing and care from traditional/herbal practitioners. Based on the findings of this study, the author concludes that health-seeking behaviors in Ghana are influenced by a multiplicity of factors including sociodemographic characteristics. Subsequently, recommendations for a more extensive study with a complementary qualitative enquiry are made in order to gain a more wholistic insight of the drivers of health-seeking behaviors in Ghana.

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Larmond-Hyman, Lorretta. "Health Seeking Behavior in African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6056.

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Disparities exist in the health-seeking behavior of African American (AA) women in the United States. Specifically, AA women 40 years and older often do not adhere to guidelines for breast cancer screening because of demographic and socioeconomic factors that have impacted health disparities. The purpose of this study was to research negative health-seeking behavior toward early-stage breast cancer detection in AA women 40 years and older. The main research questions addressed whether there is a relationship between negative health-seeking behavior, operationally defined as lack of a personal doctor, lack of health insurance, and lack of doctor visits within the past 12 months, and early-stage breast cancer detection, operationally defined as lack of mammogram screening within the past 2 years, in AA women 40 years and older. This quantitative study was guided by the health belief model. A cross-sectional design was used along with secondary data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Wald chi-square was used to examine the relationship between the dependent variables and the independent variable. The relationship between lack of a personal doctor, lack of health insurance, lack of doctor visits within the past 12 months, and lack of mammogram screening within the past 2 years was statistically significant at p < .05. The findings based on the significance between the variables confirmed that negative health- seeking behavior affects early-stage breast cancer detection in AA women 40 years and older. The results of this study may inform the development of educational programs that are instrumental in promoting and improving mammogram screening and early-stage breast cancer detection among AA women age 40 years and older.

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Zhang, Yun. "Influence of Spouses’ Health Status on the Health Behavior of Older Adults." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338316694.

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Shaikh, Mujaheed Altaf [Verfasser]. "Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Health Expenditure, Health and Health Behavior / Mujaheed Altaf Shaikh." Frankfurt am Main : Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119834821/34.

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Fitzpatrick, Stephanie L. "Health Knowledge & Health Behavior Outcomes in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/589.

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The purpose of this current study was to examine the influence of cardiovascular health knowledge on dietary and physical activity changes in 15-17 year olds with elevated blood pressure. The sample consisted of 167 adolescents randomized into one of three treatment conditions (minimal, moderate, or intense). Each adolescent completed a fitness test (peak VO2), 24-hour dietary recall, 7 Day Activity Recall (kilocalories expended per day), Self-efficacy Questionnaire, and Stages of Change Questionnaire every three months. The Health Knowledge Assessment was given at baseline and at post-intervention. Classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory frameworks were applied to examine psychometric properties of the Health Knowledge Assessment. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the change in health behaviors and the relationship with health knowledge, self-efficacy, and readiness for change. The 34-item Health Knowledge Assessment had good internal consistency and the items loaded onto a single factor at pretest and posttest. Furthermore, there was a good distribution of easy, moderate, and hard items at pretest, but additional hard items were needed at posttest. There were no treatment condition differences in level of health knowledge at pretest. The intense condition had significantly higher health knowledge than the minimal and moderate conditions at posttest; level of health knowledge for the moderate condition was significantly higher than the minimal condition at posttest. Level of nutrition knowledge at posttest was not associated with any of the dietary intake variables nor was level of exercise knowledge associated with the two physical activity variables at post-intervention. However, there was a marginally significant association between level of nutrition knowledge and nutrition self-efficacy at posttest. Nutrition self-efficacy and nutrition readiness for change at posttest were also associated with a decrease in sugar consumption at post-intervention. Implications of this study suggest that a cardiovascular health intervention for adolescents with elevated blood pressure, consisting of group sessions and/or individual sessions over the course of three to six months, was effective in terms of increasing cardiovascular health knowledge, self-efficacy, and readiness for change. Nonetheless, the role that health knowledge plays in health behavior change needs to be further examined.

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Malkin, Kathleen Bechstein 1957. "Adolescent contraceptive use: Cues to behavior." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291913.

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This study investigated the cues to behavior that influence adolescent contraceptive use. Forty adolescent females between the ages of 14 and 18 who were currently using contraceptives participated in this descriptive study. The Contraceptive Cue Questionnaire was completed by the participants, who attended a county family planning clinic. Using descriptive statistics, the cues of having a steady boyfriend, having accurate knowledge of reproduction and contraception, and having been pregnant previously were found to be important in cuing adolescent females to use contraceptives. Having future plans and goals was not found to be an important factor in cuing adolescent females to use contraceptives. The importance of the cue of the level of cognitive development could not be determined due to the limited age range of the subjects. The information gained can be used to work with those sexually active teens who are at risk of becoming pregnant; that is, those who are not involved in a steady relationship or do not feel a great deal of love for their boyfriends, have little or inaccurate knowledge of reproduction and contraception, and those who have not yet been pregnant.

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Calhoun, Jennifer. "An exploration of the meaning of health and health-promoting behaviors." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834514.

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Health promotion and the practice of health-promotive behaviors are significant factors in longevity and personal wellness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between an individual's meaning of health and the practice of health-protective behaviors. Theoretical rationale was based on Pender's (1987) Health Promotion Model. Health promotion lifestyle was measured by the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) (Walker,Sechrist, & Pender, 1985). Individual definition of health was measured by the Meaning of Health instrument (Wieseke, 1990a).The sample included skilled and unskilled employees of a 300-bed regional hospital located in the Triad area of North Carolina. Interviews were conducted with a random sample of the respondents to obtain information on themes of the expressed meanings of the Health Concept. Significance of this study lies in determining individuals' motivation to practice health-protective behaviors and also in determining individuals' definition of health. Identification of lifestyle and health behaviors will help nurses and other health care workers determine what motivates an individual to perform health-protective behaviors.The results revealed a significant (p<.05) relationship between the level of overall functioning of all six subscales of the HPLP. Participation in health promoting behaviors was significantly related to physical sensation overall with a level of significance at p<.05. Participation in health-promoting behaviors was significantly related to emotional level overall with a level of significance at p<.01. There was no significance between age group and the HPLP.The conclusions drawn from this study were that the subjects were self-actualized and emotionally stable. The subjects take responsibility for health but do not take advantage of opportunities to monitor health.
School of Nursing

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Jerdén, Lars. "Health-promoting health services : personal health documents and empowerment /." Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1401.

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Sirois, Fuschia M., Ryan Kitner, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Self-Compassion, Affect, and Health-Promoting Behaviors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/685.

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Objective: Emerging theory and research suggest that self-compassion promotes the practice of health behaviors, and implicates self-regulation as an explanatory factor. However, previous investigations focused only on behavior intentions or health risk behaviors, and did not investigate the role of emotions. This study expands on this research using a small-scale meta-analysis approach with our own data sets to examine the associations of self-compassion with a set of health-promoting behaviors, and test the roles of high positive affect and low negative affect as potential explanatory mechanisms. Method: Fifteen independent samples (N = 3,252) with correlations of self-compassion with the frequency of self-reported health-promoting behaviors (eating habits, exercise, sleep behaviors, and stress management) were meta-analyzed. Eight of these samples completed measures of positive and negative affect. Results: Self-compassion was positively associated with the practice of health-promoting behaviors across all 15 samples. The meta-analysis revealed a small effect size (average r = .25; p < .001) of self-compassion and health behaviors, with low variability. Tests of the indirect effects of self-compassion on health behaviors through positive and negative affect with multiple mediator analyses revealed small effects for each. Separate meta-analyses of the indirect effects (IE) were significant for positive (average IE = .08; p < .001) and negative affect (average IE = .06; p < .001), and their combined indirect effects (average IE = .15; p < .0001). Conclusion: Self-compassion may be an important quality to cultivate for promoting positive health behaviors, due in part to its association with adaptive emotions.

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Vance, Lyle R. "Relationships Between Health Information Behaviors and Health Status in the Context of Urban Ecology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277961/.

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Poppe, Leslie Dean. "Metatheoretical constructs : implications for health and illness definition preference and health related behaviors." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1001180.

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Metatheoretical constructs are believed to be philosophical commitments that affect a variety of areas in an individual's life. This study was designed to investigate two questions. First, do individuals subscribe to personal definitions of health and illness because they are committed to different philosophical and epistemological positions. Second, does an individual's personal definition of health and illness predict the frequency of health and illness related behaviors.Two studies were conducted to investigate these questions. In the first, 102 undergraduate subjects expressed a preference for one of three possible definitions of health and illness. Further, these definitions were shown to predict rates of health and illness behaviors. In the second, 72 nursing professionals also selected one of the three definitions of health and illness. A combination of health and illness definition, and personal worldview were shown to strongly predict an individual's frequency of engaging in health and illness behaviors.These data suggest that individuals have personal preferences for defining health and illness. - Further, their health and illness definition, plus personal worldview, reliably predicts health and illness behavior frequency. These results have implications for health psychology research and practice.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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Fowler, Stephanie L. "Predictors of Self-Injurious Behaviors: A Person by Situation Analysis of Health-Compromising Behavior." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365090374.

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Toussaint, Loren, Fuschia Sirois, Jameson Hirsch, Niko Kohls, Annemarie Weber, Joerg Schelling, Christian Vajda, and Martin Offenbaecher. "Anger Rumination Mediates Differences Between Fibromyalgia Patients and Healthy Controls on Mental Health and Quality of Life." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1445.

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The present study examined differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls on anger rumination, mental health and quality of life and tested anger rumination as a mediator of patient–control differences in mental health and quality of life. Participants were a propensity score‐matched sample of 58 fibromyalgia patients and 58 healthy controls. Participants completed measures of anger rumination, depression and anxiety and quality of life. Patients were higher than controls on all anger rumination scales and depression and anxiety and lower on quality of life. All anger rumination scales were related to poorer mental health and quality of life. Patient–control differences on mental health and quality of life were mediated by anger rumination. In multiple mediator models, the only subscale with unique mediating effects was anger memories. Anger rumination has potent associations with mental health and quality of life, and differences between patients and controls on mental health and quality of life are partially mediated by differences in anger rumination. Addressing tendencies to ruminate on anger experiences in the care of fibromyalgia patients may offer an important avenue to improved health and quality of life.

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Roby, Amanda L. "Disruptive Behavior in the Respiratory Workplace." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1310659749.

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Männikkö, N. (Niko). "Problematic gaming behavior among adolescents and young adults:relationship between gaming behavior and health." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216584.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to describe and explain the problematic gaming behavior and the relationship between the digital gaming behavior (gaming time, medium, genres and motives), health (psychological, social and physical) and problematic gaming behavior among young people aged from 13 to 24 years. Information received can be used for developing practices to identify individuals with problematic gaming behavior, promote their lifestyle change and subsequently to increase knowledge of the nature of the condition within healthcare education. In this study, digital games means electronic games that can be played through console, computer, network and mobile devices. In the first sub-study, a systematic literature review with synthesis from previous empirical studies (n = 50) about the health outcomes related to problematic gaming behavior was conducted. In the second sub-study, cross-sectional and national survey design with a randomly selected sample (N = 3 000) was used to identify problematic gaming behavior and to examine its associations with the digital gaming behavior (gaming time, genres and motives) and health (psychological, social and physical) among Finnish adolescents and young adults (n = 293). In the third sub-study, a descriptive, regional cross-sectional study was conducted to examine adolescents’ (n = 560) digital gaming behavior and its relationship to problematic gaming behavior symptoms. The data from empirical studies two and three were collected by using an internet-based survey. Statistical methods were used to analyse the data. The findings of the systematic review and empirical study showed that problematic gaming behavior was especially related to adverse psychosocial health outcomes, namely, anxiety, depression and a preference for online social interaction. Problematic gaming behavior was also linked to the use of a cluster of games-characterized features of role playing, action, progression and strategy. Moreover, the gaming motives, such as entertainment achievement, social and escapism, correlated significantly to problematic gaming behavior. Among the sample of adolescents, the blended family structure might predict problematic gaming behavior symptoms. The study significantly added understanding of gaming and health characteristics in the role of problematic gaming behavior among young people. The findings may help to advance in the areas of screening and counselling for PGB
Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ja selittää 13–24-vuotiaiden nuorten ongelmallisen digipelaamiskäyttäytymisen yhteyksiä psyykkiseen, sosiaaliseen ja fyysiseen terveyteen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta tietoa ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, helpottaa ilmiön tunnistamista ja edistää terveyskasvatusta. Digipeleillä tarkoitetaan tässä tutkimuksessa tietokone-, konsoli-, verkko- ja mobiililaitteilla pelattavia pelejä. Ensimmäisessä osatutkimuksessa arvioitiin ja tiivistettiin systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla tämän hetkinen tutkimustieto (n = 50) ongelmallisen digipelaamisen ja terveyden välisistä yhteyksistä. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin ositettuna satunnaisotantana (N = 3 000) kerätyn aineiston avulla suomalaisten nuorten (n = 293) digipelaamista, ongelmallisen digipelaamisen esiintyvyyttä sekä ongelmallisen digipelaamisen yhteyksiä nuorten pelaamiskäyttäytymiseen ja terveyteen. Kolmannessa osatutkimuksessa kuvattiin alueellisen poikkileikkaustutkimuksen avulla nuorten (n = 560) digipelaamiskäyttäytymistä ja sen yhteyksiä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Empiiristen osatutkimusten aineisto kerättiin verkkopohjaisen kyselyn avulla, ja saatu aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisilla menetelmillä. Katsauksen ja empiirisen tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että ongelmallinen digipelaaminen oli erityisesti yhteydessä psykologisiin ja sosiaalisiin oireisiin, kuten masennukseen ja ahdistukseen, sekä korostuneeseen mieltymykseen olla vuorovaikutuksessa verkkoympäristön välityksellä. Ongelmallisen digipelaamisen riski-ryhmään kuuluneet henkilöt suosivat digipelityyppejä, jotka sisälsivät rooli-, toiminta- ja strategiapelaamisen ominaisuuksia. Digipelaamisen motiiveista edistymispyrkimys, sosiaalisuus ja todellisuuspako olivat yhteydessä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Nuorilla uusioperhetilanne saattoi lisätä ongelmallisen pelaa-misen oireita. Tutkimus lisäsi tietoperustaa nuorten ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, pelaamiskäyttäytymisestä ja terveysominaisuuksien merkityksestä. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää ongelmallisen digipelaamisen seulonnan ja ilmiöön liittyvän ohjauksen kehittämisessä

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Kennedy, Caitlin E. "Parental Adherence Intentions for Obese Children's Health Behaviors| Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592033.

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The current study examined how parental underestimations of child’s weight status, parental worry, and the Theory of Planned Behavior variables (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) predict intentions to adhere to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations of four childhood health behaviors. These behaviors include: 1) eating five fruits and/or vegetables per day; 2) spending two hours or less on screen time (television, computer, and video games) per day; 3) engaging in at least one hour of physical activity per day; and 4) limiting (having zero) sugarsweetened beverages. Parents (N = 78) of overweight and obese children, ages six to 13 years old, were recruited from pediatric medical clinics and participated in an online study, where they were exposed to these AAP behavioral recommendations for children and completed online measures. Attitudes predicted of behavioral intentions for all recommendations except fruit and vegetable consumption. Subjective norms marginally predicted behavioral intentions for physical activity and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Perceived behavioral control predicted behavioral intentions for the four recommendations. Parental worry predicted behavioral intentions for fruit and vegetable consumption. Additional theoretical and practical implications of this research are also discussed.

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Meyer, Katharina. "Physical activity and fitness in women : association with health status, health-relevant behavior and attitudes /." Bern, 2003. http://www.public-health-edu.ch/new/Abstracts/MK_10.09.03.pdf.

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Leas, Loranie, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Cardiovascular health behaviours and health needs among people with psychiatric disabilities." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.095530.

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Recent research in Australia has found that people with a mental illness experience higher mortality rates from preventable illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes compared to the general population. Lifestyle and other behavioural factors contribute significantly to these illnesses. Lifestyle behaviours that affect these illnesses include lack of physical activity, consumption of a poor diet and cigarette smoking. Research on the influence of these factors has been mainly directed towards the mainstream population in Australia. Consequently, there remains limited understanding of health behaviours among individuals with psychiatric disabilities, their health needs, or factors influencing their participation in protective health behaviours. This thesis presents findings from two studies. Study 1 evaluated the utility of the main components of Rogers (1983) Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to explain health behaviours among people with a mental illness. A clinical population of individuals with schizophrenia (N=83), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (N=70) and individuals without a mental illness (N=147) participated in the study. Respondents provided information on intentions and self-reported behaviour of engaging in physical activity, following a low-fat diet, and stopping smoking. Study 2 investigated the health care service needs of people with psychiatric disabilities (N=20). Results indicated that the prevalence of overweight, cigarette smoking and a sedentary lifestyle were significantly greater among people with a mental illness compared to that reported for individuals without a mental illness. Major predictors of the lack of intentions to adopt health behaviours among individuals with schizophrenia and MDD were high levels of fear of cardiovascular disease, lack of knowledge of correct dietary principles, lower self-efficacy, a limited social support network and a high level of psychiatric symptoms. In addition, findings demonstrated that psychiatric patients are disproportionately higher users of medical services, but they are under-users of preventive medical care services. These differences are primarily due to a lack of focus on preventive health, feelings of disempowerment and lower satisfaction of patient-doctor relationships. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of designing education and preventive programs for individuals with schizophrenia and MDD.

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Grainger, Patricia. "Perception of health, social support, and health-promoting behaviours of angioplasty patients /." St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 1997.

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Fiedler, Matthew Aaron. "Essays on Provider Behavior in Health Care Markets." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11103.

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Kagee, Shaheen Ashraf. "Worldview and health promoting behavior : a causal model." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159146.

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The present study examined the relationship between Pepper's (1942) worldview theory and health promoting behavior. Three hundred and twenty three college students at a medium-sized Midwestern state university were asked to complete a battery of inventories measuring worldview, health promoting behavior, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, demographic variables, and willingness to seek treatment from a variety of health service practitioners. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between worldview and health promoting behavior. Specifically, individuals endorsing an organismic worldview would engage in more health promoting behaviors than those endorsing a mechanistic worldview. It was also hypothesized that socioeconomic status and gender would be related to worldview and indirectly to health promoting behavior. Finally worldview was hypothesized to be related to subjects' willingness to seek treatment from a variety of "alternative" health providers. The data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling using the SPSS and AMOS computer programs. The results of the study support the idea that a modest relationship exists between worldview and health promoting behavior. There was also a slight indirect effect of sex on health promoting behavior, with women more likely to endorse an organismic worldview and therefore more likely to engage in health promoting behavior than men. No relationship was found between socioeconomic status and health promoting behavior. In addition, significant correlations were found between certain health care providers over others. Specifically, an organismic worldview was significantly correlated with willingness to receive services from a reflexologist, a clinical or counseling psychologist, a herbalist, an aromatherapist, and a homeopath.
Department of Secondary, Higher, and Foundations of Education

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Molitor, David Paul. "Physician behavior and technology diffusion in health care." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77795.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-132).
Chapter 1 examines geographic variations in physician practice styles by exploring the role of physician-specific factors such as preferences and learned behavior versus environment-level factors such as hospital capacity. I exploit cardiologist migration across geographic regions and find that physicians who start off in the same region and subsequently move to dissimilar regions practice similarly before the move but very differently after the move. Based on this change in behavior, baseline estimates imply that the role of the environment on physician behavior is twice as important as physician-specific factors. Specifically, a one percentage point change in practice environment results in an immediate 2/3 percentage point change in physician behavior, with no further changes over time. Chapter 2 (co-authored with Leila Agha) explores the diffusion of new cancer drugs by testing the influence of physician investigators who lead clinical trials. The basic idea is to exploit variation across drugs in the location of clinical trials to test whether geographic proximity to a principal investigator influences the speed of technology adoption. Using original data on clinical trial study authors and sites for 21 new cancer drugs along with Medicare claims data from 1998-2008, we estimate that patients are 30% more likely to receive treatment with a new drug if they seek care in the hospital referral region where the drug's principal investigator practices. This effect, which is estimated in the first two years following initial FDA approval, fades over time until there is no apparent difference in utilization after four years. Chapter 3 (co-authored with Leila Agha) explores the prescribing of new cancer drugs for off-label (non-FDA approved) indications, yielding three key results. First, over 20% of new cancer drug use within the Medicare population over 1998-2008 was applied to off-label cancers. Second, geographic proximity to the principal investigator of a drug's pivotal clinical trial-a factor which appears to significantly boost on-label usage-has no discernible impact on off-label prescribing. Third, we find that prescribing increases following FDA approval expansions, suggesting that approval status influences patient treatment and thus may provide a useful policy instrument for directing medical technology adoption.
by David Paul Molitor.
Ph.D.

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Alemagno, Sonia Annette. "Health and illness behavior of Type A individuals." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054562478.

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Sproat, Brittany Anne. "Music Listening Behavior, Health, Hearing, Otoacoustic Emission Levels." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399303027.

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Corral, Irma. "Residential segregation and health behavior among Black adults." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3355034.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 10, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-82).

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Klein, Rupert G. "Cognitive avoidance of health threats." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102518.

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Previous researchers have suggested that cognitive avoidance occurs for stimuli describing social threats but not for stimuli describing physical threats. The present research examined whether individuals can cognitively avoid physically threatening stimuli, such as the words 'HIV' or 'cancer'. Three studies investigated (a) personality characteristics that predict cognitive avoidance of physically threatening stimuli, (b) whether the stimuli have to be relevant to the avoider and (c) circumstances that may disrupt the avoidance mechanism.
Study 1 was an exploratory study examining the personality characteristics that predict avoidance of thoughts concerning physical threats, specifically, sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The study found that lower sexual self-efficacy and less assertiveness predicted greater self-reported avoidance of thoughts concerning STIs. The more participants tended to avoid thoughts concerning STIs the less likely they were to discuss safer sex practices with their partner and the less consistent they were in their condom use. The findings suggest that individuals can avoid thoughts of physical threats (i.e., STIs) and that this avoidance can have consequences such as engaging in riskier sexual behaviours (i.e., not consistently using condoms).
In study 2, participants were presented threatening words on a computerized task (the emotional Stroop task) to assess if they would automatically attend to or avoid physically threatening words. Dispositionally avoidant participants (participants low in anxiety and high in repressive defensiveness) avoided physically threatening words but only if they were perceived to be self-relevant, otherwise the avoidance mechanism was not elicited.
Study 3 examined if the avoidance of physical threats may be disrupted when there is a temporary reduction in dopamine, such as when cigarette smokers abstain from smoking. Results showed that non-abstaining smokers with an avoidant disposition superficially processed (avoided) threatening words related to smoking on an emotional Stroop task. Abstainers however did not demonstrate this superficial processing suggesting that the avoidance mechanism was disrupted.
The three studies demonstrate that individuals avoid physical threats if they perceive them to be self-relevant and that this avoidance mechanism can be disrupted by a temporary reduction in dopamine.

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Banks, Erin. "Being Healthy Counts To H.I.M.: An Examination of Health Behavior Among Participants in a Diabetes Prevention and Health Promotion Program." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02112009-142559/.

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This study employed a non-random, quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of a diabetes prevention and health promotion program on the health behavior of older African American adults in a church setting. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986, 1977) and Socio-ecological (McLeroy et al., 1988) and PRECEDE- PROCEEDE Planning (Green & Kreuter, 1999) models were utilized as guiding frameworks. A modified curriculum from the Lifestyle Balance: Healthy Eating and Being Active Diabetes Prevention program was used. Significant decreases were found in fasting blood sugar over the eight-week period for both program participants and the comparison group. However, there was not an increase in diabetes knowledge, daily moderate-vigorous exercise levels or self-efficacy for physical activity for individuals who participated in the program from Time 1 to Time 2. The findings are discussed relative to their contributions to health-related research and interventions with African Americans and the role of African-American churches as a conduit for health messages and behavior change.

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Ou, Christine Hui-Kuan. "Health behavior, primary care access, and unmet health needs in Chinese young adults." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36752.

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Background and Purpose: According to the Canadian Community Health Survey conducted in 2000-1, 12% of Canadians reported experiencing an unmet health need compared to four percent in 1994-5. There is growing reason to investigate the increasing number of Canadians reporting unmet health needs, particularly among young adults (between 18 and 30 years of age) who access health services less frequently than any other age group. In particular, the growing population of Chinese living in Canada present unanswered questions regarding the health needs of Chinese young adults. The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) if Chinese young adults who primarily speak Chinese experience more unmet health needs when compared to English-speaking Chinese young adults and, if there are, 2) the reasons why Chinese young adults have unmet health needs. Methods: A mixed methods approach was taken; in-depth interviews (n=8) with Chinese young adults were used to complement and explain findings from a secondary analysis of a larger cross-sectional survey of the primary health care seeking behaviours of Chinese-, English-, and Punjabi-speaking Canadians. Findings: Fifty-eight Chinese young adults participated in the primary health care survey; ten percent (n=6) reported having an unmet health need related to the availability and accessibility of health care. Language preference was not found to be associated with unmet health needs. Close to two out of three young adults reported seeing a physician in the past year. Twenty-four percent reported accessing health care outside of Canada. In-depth interviews revealed that Chinese young adults had unmet needs due to the lack of a primary care provider and not accessing preventive care. Acculturation and health behaviour was found to be more predictive of unmet health care needs than language.

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Daugherty, Karen Ruth Ortlip. "Oral health behaviors and beliefs : a basis for oral health care in Africa /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487331541708332.

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Wu, Dadong Flora. "Health risk behaviours and perceived health among Shenzhen white collar workers." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38479138.

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Jones, Monica Yvette. "HEALTH AND RELIGIOUS COMMITMENT AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: THE EFFECTS OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR, MENTAL HEALTH, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2922.

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Empirical findings supporting the connection between religion and spirituality and health have been consistently found in the literature, whereas the factors explaining this relationship have lacked clarity. The present study sought to explore this relationship and establish health behavior, mental health, and social support as mediating factors to the proposed association between religious commitment and physical health. Physical health was measured by a number of indicators: body mass index, self-reported medical conditions, prescription drug use, over-the-counter medication usage, and problem use of drugs and alcohol. A sample of 150 college students from a university in Central Virginia participated in this study. The initial hypothesis was that there would be a positive correlation between religious commitment and each potential mediator: health behavior, mental health, and social support. The second hypothesis proposed that religious commitment and physical health would be correlated. The third hypothesis posits that health behavior; mental health; and social support would be correlated with physical health; thereby, establishing them as mediators. The results of this study confirmed that health behavior was related to religious commitment; however, the remaining two proposed mediators were not found to have significant relationships with religious commitment. While health behavior was correlated to religious commitment, physical health was not found to be significantly related to religious commitment. These findings did not satisfy the conditions deemed for mediation; therefore, it was unable to prove that health behavior, mental health, and social support mediate the relationship between religion/spirituality and health, as hypothesized. Further implications of these findings are discussed.

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Sirois, Fuschia M., and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Self-compassion is Associated with the Practice of Positive Health Behaviours Across Thirteen Samples." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/619.

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Panidi, Ksenia. "Essays to the application of behavioral economic concepts to the analysis of health behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209674.

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In this thesis I apply the concepts of Behavioral Economics to the analysis of the individual health care behavior. In the first chapter I provide a theoretical explanation of the link between loss aversion and health anxiety leading to infrequent preventive testing. In the second chapter I analyze this link empirically based on the general population questionnaire study. In the third chapter I theoretically explore the effects of motivational crowding-in and crowding-out induced by external or self-rewards for the self-control involving tasks such as weight loss or smoking cessation.

Understanding psychological factors behind the reluctance to use preventive testing is a significant step towards a more efficient health care policy. Some people visit doctors very rarely because of a fear to receive negative results of medical inspection, others prefer to resort to medical services in order to prevent any diseases. Recent research in the field of Behavioral Economics suggests that human's preferences may be significantly influenced by the choice of a reference point. In the first chapter I study the link between loss aversion and the frequently observed tendency to avoid useful but negative information (the ostrich effect) in the context of preventive health care choices. I consider a model with reference-dependent utility that allows to characterize how people choose their health care strategy, namely, the frequency of preventive checkups. In this model an individual lives for two periods and faces a trade-off. She makes a choice between delaying testing until the second period with the risk of a more costly treatment in the future, or learning a possibly unpleasant diagnosis today, that implies an emotional loss but prevents an illness from further development. The model shows that high loss aversion decreases the frequency of preventive testing due to the fear of a bad diagnosis. Moreover, I show that under certain conditions increasing risk of illness discourages testing.

In the second chapter I provide empirical support for the model predictions. I use a questionnaire study of a representative sample of the Dutch population to measure variables such as loss aversion, testing frequency and subjective risk. I consider the undiagnosed non-symptomatic population and concentrate on medical tests for four illnesses that include hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease and cancer. To measure loss aversion I employ a sequence of lottery questions formulated in terms of gains and losses of life years with respect to the current subjective life expectancy. To relate this measure of loss aversion to the testing frequency I use a two-part modeling approach. This approach distinguishes between the likelihood of participation in testing and the frequency of tests for those who decided to participate. The main findings confirm that loss aversion, as measured by lottery choices in terms of life expectancy, is significantly and negatively associated with the decision to participate in preventive testing for hypertension, diabetes and lung disease. Higher loss aversion also leads to lower frequency of self-tests for cancer among women. The effect is more pronounced in magnitude for people with higher subjective risk of illness.

In the third chapter I explore the phenomena of crowding-out and crowding-in of motivation to exercise self-control. Various health care choices, such as keeping a diet, reducing sugar consumption (e.g. in case of diabetes) or abstaining from smoking, require costly self-control efforts. I study the long-run and short-run influence of external and self-rewards offered to stimulate self-control. In particular, I develop a theoretical model based on the combination of the dual-self approach to the analysis of the time-inconsistency problem with the principal-agent framework. I show that the psychological property of disappointment aversion (represented as loss aversion with respect to the expected outcome) helps to explain the differences in the effects of rewards when a person does not perfectly know her self-control costs. The model is based on two main assumptions. First, a person learns her abstention costs only if she exerts effort. Second, observing high abstention costs brings disutility due to disappointment (loss) aversion. The model shows that in the absence of external reward an individual will exercise self-control only when her confidence in successful abstention is high enough. However, observing high abstention costs will discourage the individual from exerting effort in the second period, i.e. will lead to the crowding-out of motivation. On the contrary, choosing zero effort in period 1 does not reveal the self-control costs. Hence, this preserves the person's self-confidence helping her to abstain in the second period. Such crowding-in of motivation is observed for the intermediate level of self-confidence. I compare this situation to the case when an external reward is offered in the first period. The model shows that given a sufficiently low self-confidence external reward may lead to abstention in both periods. At the same time, without it a person would not abstain in any period. However, for an intermediate self-confidence, external reward may lead to the crowding-out of motivation. For the same level of self-confidence, the absence of such reward may cause crowding-in. Overall, the model generates testable predictions and helps to explain contradictory empirical findings on the motivational effects of different types of rewards.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Polaha, Jodi, Karen E. Schetzina, Katie Baker, and Diana Morelen. "Adoption and Reach of Behavioral Health Services for Behavior Problems in Pediatric Primary Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000380.

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Abstract:

Introduction: The field of implementation science provides the variables adoption and reach, which can be used to evaluate aspects to access, a primary incitement for integrated care. This study compared two integrated models: In Year 1, behavioral health consultants worked collaboratively with pediatricians to provide brief on-the-spot consultations to patients with behavioral concerns, and in Year 2, a structured, evidence-based treatment (EBT), the Family Check-Up, was developed to be delivered in conjunction with the existing collaborative model. Method: A chart review revealed the number of children who (a) attended a 4- to 5-year-old well-visit, (B) were screened, (c) were identified as having behavior problems, (d) were referred, and (e) accessed the services. Outcomes were calculated as percentages of children with behavioral concerns who were referred to (adoption) and received (reach) the services in each year. Results: Key findings were that (a) physician referrals increased when an EBT was added, but (b) patients had better first-session contact with the brief approach than the EBT, which few patients completed. Discussion: Results underscore the utility of measuring adoption and reach as partial indicators of access to services. These are accessible variables, collected in every practice that can be measured routinely in the context of quality improvement and, ideally, reported in studies as a way to disseminate knowledge about how to build behavioral health technology into primary care. Future research should strive for more rigor in measuring adoption and reach, and consider including a number of other implementation outcomes.

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