Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Health behavior'
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Baej, Khalifa Ali. "Social structure, health orientation and health behavior." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3426.
Full textKELLY, CYNTHIA WEEKS. "MEASURING HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006199575.
Full textBolin, Rachel C. "Mobile Health Technology and Health Behavior: A Look into the Workplace Setting." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/5.
Full textGipson-Kendrick, Zoe Elizabeth. "Parents and Health Behavior Change: A Review of the Role of Parents’ Behavioral Intentions for Health Behavior Change in Their Children." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/906.
Full textKamanga, Ursula. "Investigating how health apps influence college students’ health behavior." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32942.
Full textDepartment of Journalism and Mass Communications
Louise Benjamin
This study examined how health apps influence college students’ health behavior, because about 50 percent of college students do not comply with physical activity recommendations. Because mobile applications (apps) are popular among college students, they hold promise for promoting behavior change in physical activity. This research was conducted through an online questionnaire distributed to a randomized sample of 18-35 year-old Mid-Western university students. Questionnaire data were analyzed from 237 surveys using Pearson’s Product Moment correlation (r) and Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2). This study showed that college students generally perceived health apps to be useful with slightly over half of the participants using health apps (52.3 percent). Bivariate analysis indicated positive attitudes towards health apps and positive attitudes towards physical activity (p < .001). The amount of experience using health apps yielded a positive relationship with attitudes towards physical activity (p = .008). In addition, having strong beliefs towards physical activity indicated a positive correlation with engaging in physical activity (p < .001). This study provides valuable information regarding attitudes towards health apps and the intention to use health apps for physical activity. While health apps do not trigger an intention to do physical activity, having “belief strength” and positive attitudes towards physical activity increases the likelihood for engaging in physical activity. Health communication intervention strategies and health practitioners can use this information to educate individuals about the advantages for their health that can be associated with using health apps.
Sato, Chisaki. "Social and behavioral aspect of mother's health behaviors and neonatal health." Scholar Commons, 2004. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2972.
Full textWebb, Jon R., Jameson K. Hirsch, Preston L. Visser, and Kenneth G. Brewer. "Forgiveness and Health: Assessing the Mediating Effect of Health Behavior, Social Support, and Interpersonal Functioning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/669.
Full textLee, Sang Tak. "Understanding Customers\' Healthy Eating Behavior in Restaurants using the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50580.
Full textThe results showed that attitude toward healthy eating behavior and subjective norm positively influenced intention to engage in healthy eating behavior in casual dining restaurants while perceived behavioral control did not. For healthy eating behavior in casual dining restaurants, perceived threat, self-efficacy, response to provision of nutrition information (cue to action) were significant predictors. However, perceived benefits and barriers were not statistically significant. Also, the study found that subjective nutrition knowledge influenced customers"" response to provision of nutrition information whereas objective nutrition knowledge did not. Customers"" healthy eating behavior positively influenced their willingness to patronize a restaurant that offers healthy menu items, which means that those who try to eat healthy menu items in casual dining restaurants are willing to revisit restaurants where healthy menu choices are available and to recommend the restaurants to others. Finally, this study generated socio-demographic profiles related to healthy eating behavior in casual dining restaurants and willingness to patronize a restaurant that provides healthy menu choices. The results revealed that education levels and BMI (Body Mass Index) status influenced customers"" healthy eating behavior. Also, customers"" willingness to patronize a restaurant that provides healthy menu items differed based on gender, marital status, and education levels.
Ph. D.
Sirois, Fuschia M., A. Wood, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Gratitude and Health Behaviors: The Role of Future Orientation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/610.
Full textRimstad, Kathryn O'Regan. "Health Behavior among College Students: Assessing Help-Seeking Behaviors in University Wellness Center Clients." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967969451&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textFriedman, Abigail Sarah. "Essays in Health Economics: Understanding Risky Health Behaviors." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11429.
Full textDucharme, Simon. "Neuroanatomical correlates of Child Behavior Checklist Aggressive Behavior scores in typically developing children." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104779.
Full textContexte: Le cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA), le cortex orbito-frontal (COF) et les noyaux gris centraux ont été identifiés dans les recherches sur la neurobiologie de l'agressivité pathologique. Ces structures seraient impliquées dans la régulation 'top-down' des impulsions produites dans le système limbique. Le but de cette étude était d'identifier les corrélations neuroanatomiques de l'agressivité impulsive chez les enfants en santé ayant un développement normal. Méthodologie: Les données de 193 sujets de 6 à 18 ans ont été obtenues de l'étude NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development après un contrôle visuel de qualité des données (1). L'épaisseur corticale et les volumes sous-corticaux ont été obtenus avec des programmes automatisés. Le niveau d'agressivité a été mesuré avec l'échelle de comportements agressifs (AGG) obtenue du questionnaire Child Behavior Checklist. Les scores de AGG ont été analysés en régression linéaire avec l'épaisseur corticale et le volume des noyaux gris centraux en utilisant des modèles de premier et de deuxième ordre, et en contrôlant pour les effets de l'âge, du sexe, du numéro de scanner et du volume cérébral total. L'interaction 'AGG X sexe' a aussi été analysée. Une correction statistique de type random field theory pour comparaisons multiples a été appliquée aux résultats.Résultats: Une association positive a été trouvée entre les scores de AGG et le volume du striatum bilatéralement (droite: r=0.238, p=0.001; gauche: r=0.188, p=0.01). Une association significative était aussi présente entre AGG et l'épaisseur corticale du CCA droit et du CCA sous-géniculé droit dans un modèle linéaire de deuxième ordre (p < 0.05, corrigé). Les scores AGG élevés étaient associés à un CCA droit relativement mince. Une tendance d'association entre l'épaisseur corticale et l'interaction 'AGG X sexe' a aussi été trouvée dans le COF et le CCA bilatéralement. Conclusion: Cette étude démontre l'existence d'une relation entre l'agressivité impulsive chez les enfants en santé et la structure anatomique du striatum, ainsi que du CCA droit. Elle suggère également l'existence de patterns d'associations spécifiques au sexe dans la matière grise du COF et du CCA. Ces résultats pourraient guider la recherche clinique sur le trouble oppositionnel avec provocation et le trouble des conduites. MOTS CLÉS: Agressivité, Épaisseur corticale, Cortex cingulaire antérieur, Cortex orbito-frontal, Striatum, Imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM)
Kramer, Kathryn Daugherty. "The role of behavioral technology in the promotion of oral health behavior." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90933.
Full textM.S.
Walker, William Bruce. "Computer mediated communication for health behavior change." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49906.
Full textPh. D.
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Acadia, Spencer. "Exploratory Analysis of Social E-health Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500111/.
Full textDerksen, Laura. "Information, social interactions and health seeking behavior." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3296/.
Full textNuhu, Kaamel M. "DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOR IN GHANA." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1539.
Full textLarmond-Hyman, Lorretta. "Health Seeking Behavior in African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6056.
Full textZhang, Yun. "Influence of Spouses’ Health Status on the Health Behavior of Older Adults." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338316694.
Full textShaikh, Mujaheed Altaf [Verfasser]. "Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Health Expenditure, Health and Health Behavior / Mujaheed Altaf Shaikh." Frankfurt am Main : Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119834821/34.
Full textFitzpatrick, Stephanie L. "Health Knowledge & Health Behavior Outcomes in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/589.
Full textMalkin, Kathleen Bechstein 1957. "Adolescent contraceptive use: Cues to behavior." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291913.
Full textCalhoun, Jennifer. "An exploration of the meaning of health and health-promoting behaviors." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834514.
Full textSchool of Nursing
Jerdén, Lars. "Health-promoting health services : personal health documents and empowerment /." Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1401.
Full textSirois, Fuschia M., Ryan Kitner, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Self-Compassion, Affect, and Health-Promoting Behaviors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/685.
Full textVance, Lyle R. "Relationships Between Health Information Behaviors and Health Status in the Context of Urban Ecology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277961/.
Full textPoppe, Leslie Dean. "Metatheoretical constructs : implications for health and illness definition preference and health related behaviors." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1001180.
Full textDepartment of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
Fowler, Stephanie L. "Predictors of Self-Injurious Behaviors: A Person by Situation Analysis of Health-Compromising Behavior." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365090374.
Full textToussaint, Loren, Fuschia Sirois, Jameson Hirsch, Niko Kohls, Annemarie Weber, Joerg Schelling, Christian Vajda, and Martin Offenbaecher. "Anger Rumination Mediates Differences Between Fibromyalgia Patients and Healthy Controls on Mental Health and Quality of Life." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1445.
Full textRoby, Amanda L. "Disruptive Behavior in the Respiratory Workplace." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1310659749.
Full textMännikkö, N. (Niko). "Problematic gaming behavior among adolescents and young adults:relationship between gaming behavior and health." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216584.
Full textTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ja selittää 13–24-vuotiaiden nuorten ongelmallisen digipelaamiskäyttäytymisen yhteyksiä psyykkiseen, sosiaaliseen ja fyysiseen terveyteen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta tietoa ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, helpottaa ilmiön tunnistamista ja edistää terveyskasvatusta. Digipeleillä tarkoitetaan tässä tutkimuksessa tietokone-, konsoli-, verkko- ja mobiililaitteilla pelattavia pelejä. Ensimmäisessä osatutkimuksessa arvioitiin ja tiivistettiin systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla tämän hetkinen tutkimustieto (n = 50) ongelmallisen digipelaamisen ja terveyden välisistä yhteyksistä. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin ositettuna satunnaisotantana (N = 3 000) kerätyn aineiston avulla suomalaisten nuorten (n = 293) digipelaamista, ongelmallisen digipelaamisen esiintyvyyttä sekä ongelmallisen digipelaamisen yhteyksiä nuorten pelaamiskäyttäytymiseen ja terveyteen. Kolmannessa osatutkimuksessa kuvattiin alueellisen poikkileikkaustutkimuksen avulla nuorten (n = 560) digipelaamiskäyttäytymistä ja sen yhteyksiä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Empiiristen osatutkimusten aineisto kerättiin verkkopohjaisen kyselyn avulla, ja saatu aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisilla menetelmillä. Katsauksen ja empiirisen tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että ongelmallinen digipelaaminen oli erityisesti yhteydessä psykologisiin ja sosiaalisiin oireisiin, kuten masennukseen ja ahdistukseen, sekä korostuneeseen mieltymykseen olla vuorovaikutuksessa verkkoympäristön välityksellä. Ongelmallisen digipelaamisen riski-ryhmään kuuluneet henkilöt suosivat digipelityyppejä, jotka sisälsivät rooli-, toiminta- ja strategiapelaamisen ominaisuuksia. Digipelaamisen motiiveista edistymispyrkimys, sosiaalisuus ja todellisuuspako olivat yhteydessä ongelmalliseen digipelaamiseen. Nuorilla uusioperhetilanne saattoi lisätä ongelmallisen pelaa-misen oireita. Tutkimus lisäsi tietoperustaa nuorten ongelmallisesta digipelaamisesta, pelaamiskäyttäytymisestä ja terveysominaisuuksien merkityksestä. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää ongelmallisen digipelaamisen seulonnan ja ilmiöön liittyvän ohjauksen kehittämisessä
Kennedy, Caitlin E. "Parental Adherence Intentions for Obese Children's Health Behaviors| Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592033.
Full textThe current study examined how parental underestimations of child’s weight status, parental worry, and the Theory of Planned Behavior variables (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) predict intentions to adhere to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations of four childhood health behaviors. These behaviors include: 1) eating five fruits and/or vegetables per day; 2) spending two hours or less on screen time (television, computer, and video games) per day; 3) engaging in at least one hour of physical activity per day; and 4) limiting (having zero) sugarsweetened beverages. Parents (N = 78) of overweight and obese children, ages six to 13 years old, were recruited from pediatric medical clinics and participated in an online study, where they were exposed to these AAP behavioral recommendations for children and completed online measures. Attitudes predicted of behavioral intentions for all recommendations except fruit and vegetable consumption. Subjective norms marginally predicted behavioral intentions for physical activity and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Perceived behavioral control predicted behavioral intentions for the four recommendations. Parental worry predicted behavioral intentions for fruit and vegetable consumption. Additional theoretical and practical implications of this research are also discussed.
Meyer, Katharina. "Physical activity and fitness in women : association with health status, health-relevant behavior and attitudes /." Bern, 2003. http://www.public-health-edu.ch/new/Abstracts/MK_10.09.03.pdf.
Full textLeas, Loranie, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Cardiovascular health behaviours and health needs among people with psychiatric disabilities." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.095530.
Full textGrainger, Patricia. "Perception of health, social support, and health-promoting behaviours of angioplasty patients /." St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 1997.
Find full textFiedler, Matthew Aaron. "Essays on Provider Behavior in Health Care Markets." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11103.
Full textKagee, Shaheen Ashraf. "Worldview and health promoting behavior : a causal model." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159146.
Full textDepartment of Secondary, Higher, and Foundations of Education
Molitor, David Paul. "Physician behavior and technology diffusion in health care." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77795.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-132).
Chapter 1 examines geographic variations in physician practice styles by exploring the role of physician-specific factors such as preferences and learned behavior versus environment-level factors such as hospital capacity. I exploit cardiologist migration across geographic regions and find that physicians who start off in the same region and subsequently move to dissimilar regions practice similarly before the move but very differently after the move. Based on this change in behavior, baseline estimates imply that the role of the environment on physician behavior is twice as important as physician-specific factors. Specifically, a one percentage point change in practice environment results in an immediate 2/3 percentage point change in physician behavior, with no further changes over time. Chapter 2 (co-authored with Leila Agha) explores the diffusion of new cancer drugs by testing the influence of physician investigators who lead clinical trials. The basic idea is to exploit variation across drugs in the location of clinical trials to test whether geographic proximity to a principal investigator influences the speed of technology adoption. Using original data on clinical trial study authors and sites for 21 new cancer drugs along with Medicare claims data from 1998-2008, we estimate that patients are 30% more likely to receive treatment with a new drug if they seek care in the hospital referral region where the drug's principal investigator practices. This effect, which is estimated in the first two years following initial FDA approval, fades over time until there is no apparent difference in utilization after four years. Chapter 3 (co-authored with Leila Agha) explores the prescribing of new cancer drugs for off-label (non-FDA approved) indications, yielding three key results. First, over 20% of new cancer drug use within the Medicare population over 1998-2008 was applied to off-label cancers. Second, geographic proximity to the principal investigator of a drug's pivotal clinical trial-a factor which appears to significantly boost on-label usage-has no discernible impact on off-label prescribing. Third, we find that prescribing increases following FDA approval expansions, suggesting that approval status influences patient treatment and thus may provide a useful policy instrument for directing medical technology adoption.
by David Paul Molitor.
Ph.D.
Alemagno, Sonia Annette. "Health and illness behavior of Type A individuals." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054562478.
Full textSproat, Brittany Anne. "Music Listening Behavior, Health, Hearing, Otoacoustic Emission Levels." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399303027.
Full textCorral, Irma. "Residential segregation and health behavior among Black adults." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3355034.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed June 10, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-82).
Klein, Rupert G. "Cognitive avoidance of health threats." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102518.
Full textStudy 1 was an exploratory study examining the personality characteristics that predict avoidance of thoughts concerning physical threats, specifically, sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The study found that lower sexual self-efficacy and less assertiveness predicted greater self-reported avoidance of thoughts concerning STIs. The more participants tended to avoid thoughts concerning STIs the less likely they were to discuss safer sex practices with their partner and the less consistent they were in their condom use. The findings suggest that individuals can avoid thoughts of physical threats (i.e., STIs) and that this avoidance can have consequences such as engaging in riskier sexual behaviours (i.e., not consistently using condoms).
In study 2, participants were presented threatening words on a computerized task (the emotional Stroop task) to assess if they would automatically attend to or avoid physically threatening words. Dispositionally avoidant participants (participants low in anxiety and high in repressive defensiveness) avoided physically threatening words but only if they were perceived to be self-relevant, otherwise the avoidance mechanism was not elicited.
Study 3 examined if the avoidance of physical threats may be disrupted when there is a temporary reduction in dopamine, such as when cigarette smokers abstain from smoking. Results showed that non-abstaining smokers with an avoidant disposition superficially processed (avoided) threatening words related to smoking on an emotional Stroop task. Abstainers however did not demonstrate this superficial processing suggesting that the avoidance mechanism was disrupted.
The three studies demonstrate that individuals avoid physical threats if they perceive them to be self-relevant and that this avoidance mechanism can be disrupted by a temporary reduction in dopamine.
Banks, Erin. "Being Healthy Counts To H.I.M.: An Examination of Health Behavior Among Participants in a Diabetes Prevention and Health Promotion Program." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02112009-142559/.
Full textOu, Christine Hui-Kuan. "Health behavior, primary care access, and unmet health needs in Chinese young adults." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36752.
Full textDaugherty, Karen Ruth Ortlip. "Oral health behaviors and beliefs : a basis for oral health care in Africa /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487331541708332.
Full textWu, Dadong Flora. "Health risk behaviours and perceived health among Shenzhen white collar workers." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38479138.
Full textJones, Monica Yvette. "HEALTH AND RELIGIOUS COMMITMENT AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: THE EFFECTS OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR, MENTAL HEALTH, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2922.
Full textSirois, Fuschia M., and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Self-compassion is Associated with the Practice of Positive Health Behaviours Across Thirteen Samples." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/619.
Full textPanidi, Ksenia. "Essays to the application of behavioral economic concepts to the analysis of health behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209674.
Full textUnderstanding psychological factors behind the reluctance to use preventive testing is a significant step towards a more efficient health care policy. Some people visit doctors very rarely because of a fear to receive negative results of medical inspection, others prefer to resort to medical services in order to prevent any diseases. Recent research in the field of Behavioral Economics suggests that human's preferences may be significantly influenced by the choice of a reference point. In the first chapter I study the link between loss aversion and the frequently observed tendency to avoid useful but negative information (the ostrich effect) in the context of preventive health care choices. I consider a model with reference-dependent utility that allows to characterize how people choose their health care strategy, namely, the frequency of preventive checkups. In this model an individual lives for two periods and faces a trade-off. She makes a choice between delaying testing until the second period with the risk of a more costly treatment in the future, or learning a possibly unpleasant diagnosis today, that implies an emotional loss but prevents an illness from further development. The model shows that high loss aversion decreases the frequency of preventive testing due to the fear of a bad diagnosis. Moreover, I show that under certain conditions increasing risk of illness discourages testing.
In the second chapter I provide empirical support for the model predictions. I use a questionnaire study of a representative sample of the Dutch population to measure variables such as loss aversion, testing frequency and subjective risk. I consider the undiagnosed non-symptomatic population and concentrate on medical tests for four illnesses that include hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease and cancer. To measure loss aversion I employ a sequence of lottery questions formulated in terms of gains and losses of life years with respect to the current subjective life expectancy. To relate this measure of loss aversion to the testing frequency I use a two-part modeling approach. This approach distinguishes between the likelihood of participation in testing and the frequency of tests for those who decided to participate. The main findings confirm that loss aversion, as measured by lottery choices in terms of life expectancy, is significantly and negatively associated with the decision to participate in preventive testing for hypertension, diabetes and lung disease. Higher loss aversion also leads to lower frequency of self-tests for cancer among women. The effect is more pronounced in magnitude for people with higher subjective risk of illness.
In the third chapter I explore the phenomena of crowding-out and crowding-in of motivation to exercise self-control. Various health care choices, such as keeping a diet, reducing sugar consumption (e.g. in case of diabetes) or abstaining from smoking, require costly self-control efforts. I study the long-run and short-run influence of external and self-rewards offered to stimulate self-control. In particular, I develop a theoretical model based on the combination of the dual-self approach to the analysis of the time-inconsistency problem with the principal-agent framework. I show that the psychological property of disappointment aversion (represented as loss aversion with respect to the expected outcome) helps to explain the differences in the effects of rewards when a person does not perfectly know her self-control costs. The model is based on two main assumptions. First, a person learns her abstention costs only if she exerts effort. Second, observing high abstention costs brings disutility due to disappointment (loss) aversion. The model shows that in the absence of external reward an individual will exercise self-control only when her confidence in successful abstention is high enough. However, observing high abstention costs will discourage the individual from exerting effort in the second period, i.e. will lead to the crowding-out of motivation. On the contrary, choosing zero effort in period 1 does not reveal the self-control costs. Hence, this preserves the person's self-confidence helping her to abstain in the second period. Such crowding-in of motivation is observed for the intermediate level of self-confidence. I compare this situation to the case when an external reward is offered in the first period. The model shows that given a sufficiently low self-confidence external reward may lead to abstention in both periods. At the same time, without it a person would not abstain in any period. However, for an intermediate self-confidence, external reward may lead to the crowding-out of motivation. For the same level of self-confidence, the absence of such reward may cause crowding-in. Overall, the model generates testable predictions and helps to explain contradictory empirical findings on the motivational effects of different types of rewards.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Polaha, Jodi, Karen E. Schetzina, Katie Baker, and Diana Morelen. "Adoption and Reach of Behavioral Health Services for Behavior Problems in Pediatric Primary Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000380.
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