Journal articles on the topic 'Health behavior Saudi Arabia'
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Abed, Lowai G. "COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: A Study of the Understanding, Attitudes and Behaviors of Social Media Users." International Journal on Social and Education Sciences 3, no. 4 (October 10, 2021): 768–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.273.
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The dissemination of information via social media is important, particularly during a public health emergency. However, while it is undoubtedly useful in the targeting of genuine health communications, social media may also be used to spread health-related misinformation at times of disease outbreak or pandemic. The study presented here researches the spread of COVID-19 misinformation in Saudi Arabia, by exploring the relevant understanding, attitudes, and behaviors of Saudi Arabian citizens. The current study comprises a survey of 318 adults in Saudi Arabia, of all age groups and educational backgrounds, and from all Saudi Arabian provinces. This study highlights the significance of COVID-19 misinformation and concludes that, despite risks to public health and wellbeing, Saudi Arabian citizens do not consider COVID-19 misinformation to be a significant problem. Participants in this study were relatively aware of such misinformation and its dangers, but it did not greatly concern them, and generally they declined to tackle it proactively.
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Al-Makadma, AbdulKarim S., Melissa Moynihan, Sarah Dobson, and Elizabeth Saewyc. "Tobacco use among adolescents in Riyadh Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0023.
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Abstract Background: Initiation of smoking behavior during adolescence is associated with negative health outcomes. Understanding initiation of smoking behavior in adolescents in relation to other behavioral, health, and environmental factors is essential for effective behavioral modification. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe tobacco use behaviors among adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and related demographic and social factors. Subjects: A total of 1430 students aged 14–19 from high schools across the city of Riyadh participated in the study. Methods: A comprehensive adolescent health survey was administered to students in high school classrooms across Riyadh. Data were analyzed primarily via contingency tables with χ2-tests. Results: One in five students reported having ever smoked cigarettes, with a significantly higher proportion of boys than girls reporting tobacco use. Students who smoked had significantly lower school connectedness compared with those who never smoked. Tobacco use by family members was common, and students with at least one family member who smoked were significantly more likely to use tobacco themselves. Conclusion: Improving school connectedness among students by fostering supportive and safe school environments could be a potential strategy for reducing adolescent smoking. Reducing smoking in the general population and educating families about being better role models for youth are also critical.
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AlSaeed, Aseel Ali, Unaib Rabbani, Abdulrhman Aldukhayel, and Sultan Alzuhairy. "COVID-19-Related Awareness and Behaviors of Non-Saudi Travelers and Their Satisfaction with Preventive Measures at Saudi Airports." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7120435.
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Airports could serve as hotspots for the spread of the COVID-19 infection. We aimed to assess the awareness, attitude, and behaviors of non-Saudi travelers about COVID-19 and their satisfaction with preventive measures at Saudi airports. A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-Saudi travelers arriving in Saudi Arabia at two international airports. Data were collected using a questionnaire in Arabic, Hindi, and Urdu languages. Awareness, attitude, behavior scores, and satisfaction levels were calculated. Linear regression analyses were done to assess the predictors of awareness, attitude, and behaviors. A total of 633 participants were included in the study. The mean awareness, attitude, and behavior scores were 16.3/22, 18.3/24, and 3.2/5, respectively. Nationality, education, and income were significant predictors of awareness. Nationality was the only significant predictor of attitude, while gender and nationality were predictors of behaviors. Overall satisfaction with preventive measures was: transportation (94%), lounges and corridors (96%), counters (98%), and airport staff (97%). There was overall good awareness and attitude among travelers. Behavior scores were relatively low, which needs to change as air travel poses a threat to the spread of infectious diseases. Airport authorities need to manage passengers properly to ensure adequate distancing to prevent the potential transmission of infections.
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Al-Wathinani, Ahmed M., David C. Schwebel, Abrar H. Al-Nasser, Afnan K. Alrugaib, Hessah I. Al-Suwaidan, Shahad S. Al-Rowais, Arwa N. AlZahrani, et al. "The Prevalence of Risky Driving Habits in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137338.
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Road traffic crashes represent a substantial global public health issue. In Saudi Arabia, which is the focus area of this research, road traffic crashes kill over 130,000 people annually, accounting for almost 5% of deaths in that country. A cross-sectional study with 316 participants holding a valid Saudi driver’s license was conducted via the internet from December 2019 to March 2020 to collect information about the prevalence of risky driving habits among Saudi drivers. The sample was predominantly men and aged between 20 and 39, which is representative of the population of drivers in Saudi Arabia. Drivers generally reported engaging in safe behaviors, although they did state that they drove above the legal speed limit, drove aggressively around slow drivers, and became distracted while driving with some frequency. Multivariate analyses suggested men took more risks than women and younger drivers took more risks than older ones. We conclude that the behavior among drivers in Saudi Arabia generally matches those in other cultures and countries, with men and young adults taking the most risks while driving. Preventative strategies should be developed and implemented in Saudi Arabia.
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T. Alanazi, Sultan, Mohammed Anbar, Shouki A. Ebad, Shankar Karuppayah, and Hadeer A. Al-Ani. "Theory-Based Model and Prediction Analysis of Information Security Compliance Behavior in the Saudi Healthcare Sector." Symmetry 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091544.
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The adoption of health information systems provides many potential healthcare benefits. The government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has subsidized this field. However, like those of other less developed countries, organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia struggle to secure their health information systems. This issue may stem from a lack of awareness regarding information security. To date, most related studies have not considered all of the factors affecting information security compliance behavior (ISCB), which include psychological traits, cultural and religious beliefs, and legal concerns. This paper aims to investigate the usefulness of a theory-based model and determine the predictors of ISCB among healthcare workers at government hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study investigated 433 health workers in Arar, the capital of the Northern Borders Province in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two phases involved in this study were the hypothetical model formulation and identification of ISCB predictors. The results suggest that moderating and non-common factors (e.g., religion and morality) impact ISCB, while demographic characteristics (e.g., age, marital status, and work experience) do not. All published instruments and theories were embedded to determine the most acceptable theories for Saudi culture. The theory-based model of ISCB establishes the main domains of theory for this study, which were religion/morality, self-efficacy, legal/punishment, personality traits, cost of compliance/noncompliance, subjective norms, information security policy, general information security, and technology awareness. Predictors of ISCB indicate that general information security, followed by self-efficacy and religion/morality, is the most influential factor on ISCB among healthcare workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study is considered as the first to present the symmetry between theory and actual descriptive results, which were not investigated before.
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Siddiqui, Ammar Ahmed, Freah Alshammary, Junaid Amin, Hassaan Anwer Rathore, Ibne Hassan, Muhammad Ilyas, and Mohammad Khursheed Alam. "Knowledge and practice regarding prevention of COVID-19 among the Saudi Arabian population." Work 66, no. 4 (September 17, 2020): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203223.
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BACKGROUND: Prevention is the best way to manage a pandemic like COVID-19. The World Health Organization has issued public advice to create awareness by providing people knowledge to prevent/protect them from COVID-19. Hence, the present study was planned to assess knowledge of prevention and its practical use amongst samples from the Saudi Arabian population. It can be used to bring awareness among the masses not only in expanding their knowledge about COVID-19 but also on how to enforce a practicing behavior in relation to the prevention of COVID-19. The study is among the pioneer studies on the issue related to knowledge and practice of the prevention of COVID-19 among Saudis and foreign nationals residing in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE: The prime objective of this study is to examine the existence of knowledge among the Saudi and non-Saudi nationals about COVID-19 and its impact on their behavior to practice the protocols to prevent the disastrous infection of COVID-19. This study has also examined how the residents in Saudi Arabia react to the methods and protection measures adopted by the government for their dominions to eradicate the spread of COVID-19. METHODS: The study used a survey-based methodology and data was collected from Saudi nationals as well as expatriates living and working in five different regions of Saudi Arabia. Non-probability snowball sampling was used to reach and select the population of the current study. A self-designed, structured, and validated questionnaire was electronically distributed among the respondents. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data of the current study. RESULTS: Out of the 443 respondents, 356 respondents (84%) knew they had to wash their hands for 20 seconds and did this as well, 303 respondents (75%) knew that sneezing or coughing into the arm/elbow can prevent the spread of COVID-19 and were doing this as well, 357 respondents (82%) knew that COVID-19 can be transferred by shaking hands and avoided this, 333 respondents (79%) knew that they had to maintain a safe distance of at least one meter and kept this distance, 315 respondents (76%) knew that touching one’s face can transfer the virus and avoid this, and 414 respondents (95%) knew that staying at home can decrease the chances of getting infected. The relationship between different regions and most of the knowledge-based and practice-based questions was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results reveal that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and practice, but the strength of association is weak. It was found that knowledge and practice of COVID-19 was followed differently in the five regions of Saudi Arabia and the level of education of the respondents influenced their choice of practice to protect themselves from the effects of COVID-19. The study has contributed in the body of literature by examining the inter-relationship between knowledge and practice and their use in prevention of COVID-19 among the Saudi population.
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Bahammam, Sarah Ahmed. "Are School Oral Health Programs Effective in Changing Dental Health and Health Behavior of Children; an Observational Study." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 10 (July 24, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n10p25.
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BACKGROUND: Oral health issues are recorded to be growing among children due to either insufficient knowledge or ineffective oral health care. The study investigated the effectiveness of the school oral health (OH) program for changing dental health and health behavior among the students in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional design study followed STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) guidelines to include 348 female primary children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. These were equally divided into three groups; i.e., teacher delivered oral health program, dentist delivered oral health program, and lastly control group. Data was collected through a close-ended questionnaire, and were analyzed through descriptive statistics and ANOVA.
RESULTS: Findings of the study showed improved OH status, better OH knowledge, behavior and practices among children. Self-evaluation results showed that the teachers conducted education program was more effective, then the dentists conducted education program. Also, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) score was found high for the psychological aspect of the children.
CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of the school oral health program for changing dental health and health behavior among the students was better.
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Althumiri, Nora A., Mada H. Basyouni, Norah AlMousa, Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim, Adel A. Alhamdan, Faisal Saeed Al-Qahtani, Nasser F. BinDhim, and Saleh A. Alqahtani. "Exploring Weight Stigma in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179141.
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Background: Weight stigma (WS) in the Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia, is widely ignored. People with obesity are blamed for their weight, and there is a common perception that weight stigmatization is justifiable and may motivate individuals to adopt healthier behaviors. The authors of this study aimed to explore WS prevalence and factors associated with WS in a large nationwide study of Saudi Arabian adults. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June 2020. A proportional quota-sampling technique was adopted to obtain equal distributions of participants by age and sex across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. In total, 6239 people were contacted, and 4709 (75.48%) responded and completed the interview. The authors of the study collected data about WS using the Arabic Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), BMI, smoking, nutritional knowledge, bariatric surgery, risk of depression, and demographic variables. Results: Participants had a mean age of 36.4 ± 13.5 (18–90), and 50.1% were female. The prevalence of higher WS was 46.4%. Among other risk factors, there was a significant association between WS and obesity (odds ratio (OR): 3.93; 95% CI: 2.83–5.44; p < 0.001), waterpipe smoking (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.20–2.69; p < 0.001), bariatric surgery (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.53–2.81; p < 0.001), and risk of depression (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.36–2.09; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This was the first study to explore WS and its associated factors among adults in a community setting in Saudi Arabia. This study revealed some risk factors associated with WS that may help to identify people at risk of WS and to develop interventions to reduce WS, such as improving nutritional knowledge, correcting the ideas about bariatric surgery and obesity in general, and ceasing waterpipe smoking.
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Elamin Bushara, Mohamed Osman, Mohamed Ganbi, Mohamed Elqarni, Abdulaziz Terkstani, Rakan Lihyani, Badr AlHassani, and Hatem Almuterfi. "Evaluation of health promoting schools in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172812.
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Background: The study was conducted to evaluate schools that implemented the health promotion program in Makkah city, which were 68 schools, (60%) of them randomly selected for the study.Methods: The seven components of the health promoting schools evaluated through descriptive cross sectional study, concentrating on the implementation activities of each component, and whether this implementation conforming to requested standards.Results: The study clarified that the health education activities scored 80% from the targeted activities in this component, encouragement of healthy behavior achieve the highest requested level, while healthy environment activities were being well implemented as it attained 87%.Conclusions: The study concluded that there were weaknesses in the following components, food and nutritional service, school health and mental service provision, and school connectedness with the surrounding community. The study recommends establishment of health service system for psychological and mental health for students, medical checks for school staff in addition to strengthening the links between health promoting schools and surrounding communities, through organized programs. The study recommends for more researches in order to support implementation of the program.
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Abaker, Mohamed-Osman Shereif Mahdi, Omar Ahmad Khalid Al-Titi, and Natheer Shawqi Al-Nasr. "Organizational policies and diversity management in Saudi Arabia." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 454–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-05-2017-0104.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report empirical research conducted in Saudi Arabia on the impacts of organizational policies and practices on the diversity management of the Saudi private sector. To this end, the Saudization policy and views of key respondents have been tested and discussed.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected through questionnaire surveys from the largest 11 private sector organizations listed on the Saudi Stock Market in the financial/banking, oil and gas, petrochemical, private higher education and private health service sectors. Statistical tools such as means and standard deviations and one-samplet-tests were used for analysis.FindingsThe findings suggest that Saudization, retention, pay with benefits and health insurance policies significantly affect the diversity management in the Saudi private sector. Therefore, there is a need to develop organizational policies that support the existence of foreign employees for private businesses in Saudi Arabia. Considering differences as strengths that can be utilized to enhance performance, a diverse workforce might better be able to serve diverse markets.Research limitations/implicationsCollecting data from a closed environment such as Saudi Arabia is constrained by access difficulties, as well as inadequate literature on relevant diversity issues. However, the convenience sampling method and snowballing approach adopted in this study generated reliable data. As a result, this study has implications for both the multinational corporations operating in Saudi Arabia and Saudi owned companies operating in the West and intending to adopt and implement diversity management initiatives for branches in different countries. As such, further research on the gulf countries’ diversity management issues would be critical.Originality/valueThe current study is a first survey-based research endeavor on the topic of diversity management in the Saudi context. The findings contribute to the limited knowledge base on middle eastern countries, thus presenting new empirical evidence on the organizational policies and practices of Saudization, retention, pay and benefits and health insurance policies. The study of the Saudi case, thus adds value to the existing knowledge on diversity management.
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Ahmad Bahathig, Abeer, Hazizi Abu Saad, Nor Baizura Md Yusop, Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri, and Maha M. Essam El-Din. "Relationship between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Anthropometric Measurements among Saudi Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168461.
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Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia and are an emerging cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Lifestyle factors, such as insufficient levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, are responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs. This study aimed to determine the association between physical activity levels, sedentary behaviors, and anthropometric measurements in Saudi female adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 399 healthy female adolescent students aged 13–14 years in Arar, Saudi Arabia. The participants were randomly selected from different schools and their anthropometric measurements were determined. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) were used to assess their physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors, and an analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software version 25. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the association between the variables. The majority of the participants had a normal body mass index (BMI; 79.4%) and waist circumference (WC; 62.4%). A total of 74.4% had waist to height ratio (WHtR) < 0.5. About 92.7% of the participants were not meeting PA recommendations of 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. The overall mean time spent on sedentary activities was high on both weekdays and weekend days at 357.64 ± 86.29 and 470.51 ± 147.64 min/day, respectively. Moreover, anthropometric measurement (BMI) was positively associated with age and negatively associated with sedentary behavior on weekends, while WHtR was positively associated with age. The multiple linear regression analysis also showed that age and sedentary behavior significantly predicted BMI among the study participants (F (2, 396) = 4.346, p < 0.014) and age was the only significant predictor of WHtR (F (1, 397) = 16.191, p ≤ 0.001). This study revealed that most of the female Saudi adolescents undertook low levels of activity and high levels of sedentary behaviors. Sedentary behaviors were significantly associated with their BMI. Accordingly, an intervention program on healthy lifestyles is important to improve Saudi female adolescents’ lifestyles.
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Al Kathiry, Dalal Abdulaziz, Fatima Al Slail, Khaled Al-Surimi, and Raghib Abusaris. "The Impact of Financial Incentives on Behavior and Self-Management of Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: Pre- and Post-Quasiexperimental Study." Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare 4, no. 3 (June 8, 2021): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jqsh-20-45.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Noncommunicable diseases are one of the main challenges that affect health worldwide and have been found to be increasing in both low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of financial incentives and a comprehensive care program focusing on patients' behavior and self-management of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥ 7), as well as modifiable risk factors for disease complications in a Saudi Arabian population. Methods This quasiexperimental study, using a pre- and postevaluation approach, was used to compare the level of HbA1c among patients with uncontrolled diabetes before and after the financial incentives and comprehensive care program were implemented. Financial awards were given to patients who achieved a significantly greater decrease in HbA1c levels with his/her responsible physician. The study population included 702 Saudi Arabian patients with type 2 diabetes from 14 regions and 34 primary healthcare centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All of these patients (≥ 15 years old) with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who attended local primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia for a follow-up visit from February to October 2018. Results The mean age, in years, of the sample was 56.14 (± SD = 9.909); slightly more than half of the patients 401 (57.1%) were females. Most of the participants 645 (91.9%) were married, and 381(54.3%) patients were housewives. Linear mixed modeling revealed that all groups showed improvements over time in the primary outcome of HbA1c levels (p = 0.009), Including the secondary outcomes of body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.04, < 0.001, 0.019 respectively). Conclusions Patient behavior was improved, which was reflected by decreases in HbA1c, body mass index, and blood pressure levels. A comprehensive care program is recommended by healthcare providers to increase awareness among patients with diabetes to reduce other risk factors. These kinds of interventions positively motivate patients with diabetes to control their health measurements and to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
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Alsoghair, Mansour, Mohammad Almazyad, Tariq Alburaykan, Abdulrhman Alsultan, Abdulmajeed Alnughaymishi, Sulaiman Almazyad, Meshari Alharbi, Wesam Alkassas, Abdulaziz Almadud, and Mohammed Alsuhaibani. "Medical Students and COVID-19: Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors, and Risk Perception." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020842.
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Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an international public health threat. This study aimed to evaluate COVID-19-related knowledge, preventive behaviors, and risk perception among Saudi Arabian medical students and interns. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among fourth- and fifth-year medical students and interns between June and August 2020 at three colleges of medicine in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. A previously validated questionnaire was distributed as an online survey. Results: The total mean knowledge score was 12.5/15 points; 83.9% achieved a high score. The mean score of self-reported preventive behavior was 8.40; 94.1% achieved a high score. The overall mean risk perception score was 5.34/8 points; 31.6% achieved a high score. Conclusion: Medical students assessed in this study displayed sufficient knowledge and preventive behaviors regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and an average level of risk perception. Lower scores by younger medical students suggest that they must improve their COVID-19 knowledge and risk perception, as they are a potential source of health information in their communities.
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Alshahrani, Reem, and Amal Babour. "An Infodemiology and Infoveillance Study on COVID-19: Analysis of Twitter and Google Trends." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158528.
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Infodemiology uses web-based data to inform public health policymakers. This study aimed to examine the diffusion of Arabic language discussions and analyze the nature of Internet search behaviors related to the global COVID-19 pandemic through two platforms (Twitter and Google Trends) in Saudi Arabia. A set of Twitter Arabic data related to COVID-19 was collected and analyzed. Using Google Trends, internet search behaviors related to the pandemic were explored. Health and risk perceptions and information related to the adoption of COVID-19 infodemic markers were investigated. Moreover, Google mobility data was used to assess the relationship between different community activities and the pandemic transmission rate. The same data was used to investigate how changes in mobility could predict new COVID-19 cases. The results show that the top COVID-19–related terms for misinformation on Twitter were folk remedies from low quality sources. The number of COVID-19 cases in different Saudi provinces has a strong negative correlation with COVID-19 search queries on Google Trends (Pearson r = −0.63) and a statistical significance (p < 0.05). The reduction of mobility is highly correlated with a decreased number of total cases in Saudi Arabia. Finally, the total cases are the most significant predictor of the new COVID-19 cases.
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Connolly, Eric J., Mohammed Said Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed Nezar Kobeisy, Fatiyah Alqurashi, Joseph A. Schwartz, and Kevin M. Beaver. "Identifying Latent Classes of Antisocial Behavior Among Youth From Saudi Arabia." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016639349.
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Despite the wealth of knowledge on subclass formation for antisocial behavior among youth from the United States and other Western industrialized countries, very little is known about the subclass structure for antisocial behavior among youth growing up in other geographical contexts. Using validated measures of aggression, psychopathy, and low self-control, we employ latent class analysis to identify latent subgroups of antisocial behavior from a sample of 324 Saudi Arabian youth. Three classes of antisocial behavior emerged and significant associations between latent class membership and different forms of delinquency were observed. The findings are the first to show a similar pattern of latent class formation for antisocial behavior and risk for violent and nonviolent delinquency among Saudi Arabian youth compared to U.S. youth.
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Al-Nimr, Yumn M., Ghada Farhat, and Ali Alwadey. "Factors Affecting Smoking Initiation and Cessation Among Saudi Women Attending Smoking Cessation Clinics." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.01.014.
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Objectives: Smoking is one of the most adaptable risk behaviours associated with increased mortality rates, yet over one billion individuals worldwide are smokers. This study aimed to examine self-reported reasons for starting and quitting smoking among women attending smoking cessation clinics in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study took place between January 2014 and January 2017 in Saudi Arabia using previously collected data. A survey was distributed to 3,000 female smokers attending smoking cessation programmes in 18 clinics from different regions in Saudi Arabia to determine self-reported reasons for smoking initiation and willingness/unwillingness to quit. Results: A total of 2,190 women participated in the study (response rate = 73%). Overall, the most common reason for starting to smoke was friends (31.1%), while the predominant reason for willingness to quit was health concerns (45.5%). The most frequent reason for being unwilling to quit smoking was a fear of mood changes (28%). Conclusion: Most Saudi women are socially-driven to start smoking, while the most common reason for quitting is health concerns. The latter finding is promising in that it shows that smokers are gaining awareness of the adverse effects of smoking.Keywords: Tobacco Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Health Risk Behaviors; Lifestyle Risk Reduction; Primary Health Care; Saudi Arabia.
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Basahel, Abdulrahman M. "Safety Leadership, Safety Attitudes, Safety Knowledge and Motivation toward Safety-Related Behaviors in Electrical Substation Construction Projects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084196.
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Poor safety conditions and performance are consequences of individual factors as well as organizational and group factors. However, little attention has been afforded to the sequential impact of these factors on safety-related behaviors (compliance and participation) in the Saudi Arabian electrical construction industry. This study examines the causal effects of leadership and attitudes on safety compliance and participation mediated by motivation and knowledge. The research collected 636 surveys in electrical construction projects for nine large contractors between November 2018 and July 2019 in Saudi Arabia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine the mechanism by which leadership and attitudes affected safety compliance and participation through motivation and knowledge. The results indicate that safety leadership and attitude factors as well as their interactions predicted safety motivation and knowledge. Additionally, these factors affected safety participation and compliance via workers’ motivation and knowledge. Safety motivation and safety knowledge positively affected workers’ participation and compliance. Management should encourage and regularly assess effective leadership and attitudes and developing motivation and knowledge among employees can improve organizations’ safety-related behavior performance.
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Khanagar, Sanjeev B., Ibrahim Aldawas, Abdullah Almutairi, Mohammed Alamro, Naif Altammami, Sultan Aldakhil, and Suliman Hodan. "Dental Students’ Experience, Impact, and Response to Patient Aggression in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Study." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112239.
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Patient aggression and violence comprise a wide range of behaviors and actions that may include verbal aggression and physical aggression. The aim of this study is to report dental students’ experience with, impact from, and response to patient aggression in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among dental students from various health universities representing each region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a self-administered, structured and validated questionnaire. A total of 375 participants responded to the questionnaire and 121 (32.3%) study participants reported experiencing patient aggression. Out of those, 91 (75.21%) experienced patients displaying anger or raising their voice toward them, 37 (30.58%) reported being insulted by a patient, 22 (18.18%) reported being threatened, 12 (6.2%) had experienced sexual harassment, and 65 (50.41%) had experienced verbal harassment. Furthermore, 91 (75.21%) participants reported being abandoned by patients because they were students. A total of 55 (45.45%) participants stated that aggressive patient behavior had an impact on their clinical performance, and 44 (36.36%) considered themselves stressed out. A total of 24 (19.83%) participants took time off due to incidents and 22 (18.18%) thought about quitting dentistry. Prevalence of patient aggression was significant among dental students in Saudi Arabia. These episodes of patient aggression negatively impacted students’ academic performance and wellbeing, necessitating urgent attention. Educational institutions should conduct periodic workshops for students in order to address these issues. Policymakers should develop better policies in order to reduce violence and aggression against health care providers.
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Alshiha, Ahmed Abdulaziz. "Quarantine Hotels: Integration between Hospitality and Healthcare Services to Promote Health Behavior and Quality of Life." American Journal of Health Behavior 45, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 1059–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.45.6.10.
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Objectives: COVID-19 has spread globally and infected millions of people, thereby restricting their movement. Quarantine hotels play an important role in protecting people from COVID-19 and contribute to a better quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the role of quarantine hotels in providing improved quality of life through both medical and hospitality services under one roof to address the COVID-19 situation in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study used a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from quarantine hotels in Saudi Arabia using a survey, and analyzed through Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: Medical service quality, financial savings and convenience had a positive effect on people's attitudes and intention to use quarantine hotels. Similarly, attitude, intention, and hospitality products had a positive effect on health behavior, which favorably affected quality of life. Conclusions: Medical service quality, financial savings, and convenience, as well as hospitality provided by quarantine hotels, have a positive role in promoting health behavior and quality of life.
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Alyousef, Seham Mansour, Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi, Monirah Albloushi, and Thurayya Abduwahid Eid. "Perceptions of Media’s Contribution Toward Stigmatization of Mental Health by Saudi Arabian Nurses." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 26, no. 6 (June 28, 2019): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319855771.
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BACKGROUND: Public often obtains mental health information from mass media and Saudi Arabia is characterized by high media penetration. Fictional and nonfictional media dramatize, trivialize, and misrepresent characteristics and needs of clients who need mental health care and may create and reinforce existing stigma. This pattern of stigma may adversely affect mental health care clients, practitioners, education, and programs. Portrayal of mental illness and opportunities for care in Saudi Arabia need development. OBJECTIVE: This study examined Saudi graduate nurses’ perceptions of stigma created by mass media and influence on public perceptions of mental health issues and use of these views to formulate ways to effect changes in mental health care availability and delivery. METHOD: Participants included 18 graduate practicing female mental health nurses at King Saud University School of Nursing. Qualitative data were collected using individual interviews and analyzed using NVivo 10.1 software for thematic content analysis. RESULTS: The core theme that emerged was “stigma in media,” which in turn had five subthemes: (a) media portrayal, (b) mass media, (c) social stigma, and (d) mental health care services. CONCLUSION: This inquiry may be helpful in enabling development of stigma-reduction programs by shedding light on the role of mass media in forming normative behavior and attitudes toward mental illness in Saudi culture.
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Sabbagh, Heba, Mona El-Kateb, Abeer Al Nowaiser, Azza Hanno, and Najlaa Alamoudi. "Assessment of Pediatricians Dental Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.4.8626721g8742102p.
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Early assessment of the oral health status of children has the potential to reduce or even eliminate oral diseases. Parents rarely take their children to dentist early enough to control dental diseases. However, parents contact pediatricians several times even before the child is born and during the child's early life. Accordingly, pediatricians are considered a perfect and reliable source for oral health control and prevention.Aim: To measure the dental knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) of pediatricians in the City of Jeddah regarding oral health status and methods for prevention of dental diseases in children. Materials and method: Questionnaires consisting of 40 demographic and KAB's questions were distributed to all pediatricians in Jeddah city (605 pediatricians). The KABs' questions consisted of general dental knowledge, preventive dental measures, timing for referral, diet counseling, parafunctional habits and handling of traumatized teeth. A score was given for each question. Percentages of total scores of KABs were compared.Results: The response rate of pediatricians in Jeddah city (363) was 60%. Their mean age was 39.57 years. Pediatricians' KABs were found to be unsatisfactory. The most important observation was that the concept of oral health prevention was deficient. Pediatricians' awareness of fissure sealants, fluoride, dietary counseling,time of first dental visits and thumb sucking were quite limited. Pediatricians' knowledge was significantly lower than their attitude and behavior's scores. Conclusion: In general, pediatricians' knowledge,attitudes and behavior regarding oral health were not satisfactory.
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Alammar, Muath A., Dushad Ram, Osman Abdulaziz Al-Arifi, Abdulaziz Talal Alseleem, and Abdullah Ibrahim Alsumayt. "Levels and Relationships of Impulsivity and Aggressive Driving in Shaqra, Saudi Arabia." American Journal of Health Behavior 46, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.46.2.4.
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Background: Aggressive driving is prevalent and may be associated with impulsivity. The relationships between these variables among Saudi drivers have received scant attention. In this study, we aimed to examine the level of aggressive driving and its relationships with impulsivity among Saudi drivers in Shaqra. Methods: Overall, 504 Saudi drivers were recruited and assessed in this cross-sectional study using demographic and driving proforma, a self-reporting Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS), and an Aggressive Driving Behavior Scale (ADBS). Results: BIS and ADBS had mean scores of 37.97 (3.24) and 21.74 (8.51), respectively. In linear regression analysis, the value of the BIS non-planning subscale negatively predicted the value of the ADBS Conflict subscale (beta = -.151, p = .002) and Speeding subscale (beta = -.103, p = .031). In contrast, the value on the score of the BIS Motor subscale statistically significantly and positively predicted the value on the score of the ADBS Speeding subscale (Beta = -.103, p = .032). Conclusion: The result shows a differential link between the component of impulsivity and aggressive driving. The lack of foresight is negatively linked with conflict behavior and high- speed driving, whereas acting without thinking is positively associated with high-speed driving.
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Msmali, Ahmed, Mutum Zico, Idir Mechai, and Abdullah Ahmadini. "Modeling and Simulation: A Study on Predicting the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (June 29, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5522928.
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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in an ongoing pandemic affecting the health system and economy of more than 200 countries worldwide. Mathematical models are used to predict the biological and epidemiological tendencies of an epidemic and to develop methods for controlling it. In this work, we use a mathematical model perspective to study the role of behavior change in slowing the spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. The real-time updated data from March 2, 2020, to January 8, 2021, were collected from the Saudi Ministry of Health, aiming to provide dynamic behaviors of the epidemic in Saudi Arabia. During this period, 363,692 people were infected, resulting in 6293 deaths, with a mortality rate of 1.73%. There was a weak positive relationship between the spread of infection and mortality R 2 = 0.459 . We used the susceptible-exposed-infection-recovered (SEIR) model, a logistic growth model, with a special focus on the exposed, infected, and recovered individuals to simulate the final phase of the outbreak. The results indicate that social distancing, hygienic conditions, and travel limitations are crucial measures to prevent further spread of the epidemic.
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Saeed, A. A., T. A. Khoja, and S. B. Khan. "Smoking behaviour and attitudes among adult Saudi nationals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia." Tobacco Control 5, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.5.3.215.
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Naaman, Rouba Khalil. "Nutrition Behavior and Physical Activity of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Saudi Arabia." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 3994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14193994.
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As people get older, their nutritional status deteriorates, resulting in increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. The adoption of a healthy lifestyle has been linked to improved health throughout the aging process. The current study aimed to assess nutritional behaviors, dietary patterns, and physical activity among middle-aged and older adults in Saudi Arabia. An electronic questionnaire was completed between September and November 2021 by 419 participants aged 45 years and older. Of those, 65% reported that nutrition was important to them and 19% stated that they were consuming a healthy diet. Participants reported consuming an average of around 6 servings/week each of fruit and vegetables, with mean intake scores of 5.92 ± 0.25 and 5.57 ± 0.22, respectively. It was reported that around 3 servings/week of red meat, 4 servings/week of poultry, and 1 serving/week of fish were consumed, with mean intake scores of 2.65 ± 0.13, 4.34 ± 0.16, and 1.36 ± 0.08, respectively. Most of the participants (60%) reported being inactive. Middle-aged and older adults living in Saudi Arabia have poor dietary patterns and nutritional behaviors. Education and guidance on nutrition are needed for this population to help them improve their diet and lifestyle.
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Al Arifi, Mohamed N., and Abdulrahman Alwhaibi. "Assessment of Saudi Parents’ Beliefs and Behaviors towards Management of Child Fever in Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105217.
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Objective: Fever alone can lead to rare serious complications in children, such as febrile seizures. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of parents toward fever and its management. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was applied over a period of 3 months, from January to March 2018, to parents who were living in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria were a parent who is a resident of Saudi Arabia, with at least one child aged 6 years or less, while incomplete questionnaires, having a child aged more than 6 years, or parents who were not living in Saudi Arabia were excluded. Results: A total of 656 parents completed the questionnaire. More than two-thirds of the subjects were female, the majority of whom were aged between 25–33 years old. The best-reported place to measure the temperature of children was the armpit (46%), followed by the ear (28%) and the mouth (10.7%). More than half of the parents considered their children feverish at a temperature of 38 °C. The majority of parents (79.7%) reported that the most serious side effects of fever were seizure, brain damage (39.3%), coma (29.9%), dehydration (29.7%), and death (25%). The most common method used to measure a child’s temperature was an electronic thermometer (62.3%). The most common antipyretic was paracetamol (84.5%). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the good knowledge of parents in identifying a feverish temperature using the recommended route and tools for measuring body temperature.
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Alzahrani, Raed, Bandar Alsaadoon, Abdulaziz Almasaudi, Murad Almutairi, Majeed Alanazi, and Mohamad Alolah. "Impact of COVID-19 on Smoking Behaviour Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 14, no. 1 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2023.14.01.09.
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The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the smoking behavior among the people of Majmaah University. This Cross sectional study was conducted in Majmaah city from September 2020 to June 2020. It was an observational study and a total of 180 people were included in this. The inclusive criteria of this study was smoker male and female population. Online questionnaire was used to collect data. Out of total 180, 91 % population comprised of men and females were 8.9 %. The results of this study stated that 88.9 % people were active smokers. Cigarette was the most common form of tobacco consumption, 71.1 %. During the Covid-19 pandemic, almost 40 % of the participants decreased smoking and 35.6 % increased smoking. While after the pandemic ended 35.6 % of the participants increased smoking and 26.1 % decreased. There was a significant association between the current use of tobacco/nicotine and gender, with p value being less than 0.05. There was also significant association between knowledge of severely affect the lung and respiratory system and gender, with p value being less than 0.05. This study concluded that the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown affected the smoking behavior of many people in Saudi Arabia. Majority of people decreased smoking during the pandemic. On the other hand, majority of the people increased smoking after the pandemic ended. The results of this study indicated the need of awareness among the people regarding smoking and its side effects so that healthy living could be promoted among the masses. This would eventually lead to a healthy society and boost in immunity of the people in such a way that health related crisis could be easily fought in the future. Covid-19 provided a good opportunity for people to quit smoking.
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Sarwar, Suleman, and Majid Ibrahim Alsaggaf. "The role of governance indicators to minimize the carbon emission: a study of Saudi Arabia." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 32, no. 5 (June 29, 2021): 970–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2020-0275.
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PurposeThe main purpose of the study is to examine the impact of governance indicators, to control carbon emission, through the environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior. Previously, researchers have attempted to explore the factors of carbon emission and report the number of solutions. Despite that, the environmental degradation process is surging.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses quantile regressions (QR) techniques by using the yearly data of Saudi Arabia for the period of 1970–2018. QR reports the results at different quantiles which is useful for conclusion.FindingsThe empirical results have confirmed the significant and negative coefficients of governance indicators, mentioning that governance effectiveness and regulatory quality leads to reduction of carbon emission, in the case of Saudi Arabia.Practical implicationsThe Saudi Government has to improve governance effectiveness to eradicate environmental hazards. However, it is necessary to enhance the quality of regulations regarding formation as well as the implementation of policies to confirm that firms and public follow the pro-environmental behavior.Originality/valueThe study is the pioneer, which addresses the governance parameters, governance effectiveness and regulatory quality to minimize the carbon emission for Saudi Arabia.
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Sinky, T. H., M. Cheyney, and M. M. Dolcini. "“If It Is Written by Allah, There Is Nothing That Can Stop It”: Saudi women’s breast cancer narratives." Health, Culture and Society 8, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2015.196.
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The purpose of this study was to identify cultural models of breast cancer held by Saudi women and to explore how these may influence early detection and treatment-seeking behaviors. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with breast cancer survivors (n=20) from two Western cities in Saudi Arabia. Respondents were recruited through social networking, using purposive, snowball sampling. Illness narratives elicited during interviews were transcribed, coded and then analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results suggest that fatalism, perceived threats to traditional role fulfillment, and a preference for traditional therapies commonly mark the breast cancer experiences of Saudi women, influencing their early detection and treatment-seeking behaviors. A more nuanced understanding of emic viewpoints could help to improve public health messaging and intervention strategies in Saudi Arabia.
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Darout, Ismail A., Abdulwahab Alamir, and Sameena Sultana. "Osteoporosis Knowledge and Related Health Behavior among Women in Jazan Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 5 (2017): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2050.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that can be prevented to some extent by awareness of its risk factors and related health behavior. The aim of this study was to collect information about knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis among women living in Jazan and to describe the type of food habits, sociodemographic characteristics, and other osteoporosis- related health behavior. Materials and methods Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. The total participants were 546 women: 88 (16.1%) were health professionals and 458 (83.9%) non health professionals in the age range ≤20 to 50 years. Data collection was facilitated by a trained intern female doctor of dentistry whose task was to administer the distribution and collection of the questionnaires. Results In total, 61.9% of health professionals and 54.3% of nonhealth professionals scored highly on knowledge of osteoporosis. The respondents of osteoporosis preventive food items were also highly knowledgeable with 50.6 and 52.6% of health and nonhealth professionals respectively. About 48.1% of health professional and 44.2% of nonhealth professional scored low on knowledge of osteoporosis behavior and attitude, vitamin supplements, and sunlight exposure. The age effect on osteoporosis knowledge was 33.8% in young age group and 30.7% in old age group. Conclusion Our study shows that Jazan women were highly knowledgeable and aware about osteoporosis and its related health behavior and that health professionals and nonhealth professionals were equally aware about osteoporosis-related health matters. Clinical significance Awareness and preventive behavior of osteoporosis can prevent or slow the development of the disease. How to cite this article Darout IA, Alamir A, Sultana S. Osteoporosis Knowledge and Related Health Behavior among Women in Jazan Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):378-382.
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Alosaimi, F., D. Alateeq, R. AlHenaki, S. Bin Hussain, A. Bin Salamah, A. Al-Muhanna, and M. AlAngari. "Mental health literacy in bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional survey in Saudi Arabia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.373.
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IntroductionStigmatization of individuals with mental illnesses is widespread and serves as a major barrier to treatment. Specific alterations in mental health literacy about a disorder and its perceived treatability can change this social attitude. Assessing awareness of bipolar disorder is important as the WHO ranked bipolar disorder as the sixth cause of disability.ObjectivesTo assess mental health literacy (knowledge, attitudes and beliefs) in bipolar disorder among Saudi population.MethodsCross sectional study is currently conducted. We are using valid reliable questionnaire assessing the level of awareness, knowledge, attitude and behavior toward bipolar disorder. It is distributed to adult Saudi citizen (> 17 years of age) in malls, university and hospitals in Riyadh. People who are known to have psychiatric disorder and their caregivers or who works as psychiatrists and psychologists are excluded.ResultsThere are 200 samples collected, and 14 were excluded according to exclusion criteria. Fifty-two percent of our preliminary sample has heard about bipolar disorder, and more than half of them believe that neurotransmitter disturbances, substance use and psychological trauma are more likely to be causes of bipolar. In contrast, 49% of the sample did not choose psychiatric medication as effective treatment for bipolar, whereas more than half of them chose praying.ConclusionsIt is a first-of-its-kind research study in Saudi Arabia determining the current mental health literacy of bipolar disorder in Saudi Arabia. We are aiming to increase the sample size to reach 1000 participants. Further study will be needed to investigate possible interventions to improve such problem.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Sabgul, Afnan Abdulnasir, Ameerah M. N. Qattan, Rubayyat Hashmi, and Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi. "Husbands’ Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Their Wives’ Attitudes and Practices Related to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Online Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e25404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25404.
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Background Despite Saudi Arabia’s free and well-established cancer care program, breast cancer incidence and mortality are rising. Husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening are not well understood in Saudi Arabia. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from 403 husbands in the holy city of Makkah through an online self-reported questionnaire over a period of 2 months, from May 6 to July 7, 2020. Tabulation, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were the major tools used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ behavior regarding breast cancer screening methods. Results Husbands’ knowledge score (a 1-point increase) was significantly associated with the wives’ utilization of mammograms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.089, 95% CI 1.024-1.159) and breast self-examination (AOR 1.177, 95% CI 1.105-1.255). Husbands’ knowledge also influenced the wives’ attitudes toward learning about breast self-examination (AOR 1.138, 95% CI 1.084-1.195). There was no significant association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ utilization of clinical breast examination. However, richer husbands showed a socioeconomic gradient concerning their wives’ utilization of clinical breast examinations (AOR 2.603, 95% CI 1.269-5.341). Conclusions Overall, husbands’ knowledge of breast cancer influences wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening methods in Saudi Arabia. Thus, interventions delivered to husbands might increase breast cancer awareness and survival.
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Alasqah, Ibrahim, Ilias Mahmud, Leah East, Nada Alqarawi, and Kim Usher. "Dietary Behavior of Adolescents in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: A Comparison between Cities with and without the Healthy Cities Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189508.
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This study reports dietary behaviors of adolescents in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, and comparison of these behaviors between cities with and without the Healthy Cities Program (HCP). We surveyed 1133 school-attending adolescents aged 15–19, using a multi-staged cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size. Prevalence of daily breakfast consumption was 27.7% among the adolescents. Prevalence of daily vegetables, fruits and milk or milk products consumption was 35.9%, 28.6% and 51.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of daily consumption of fast-food and carbonated drinks was 7.5% and 37.1%, respectively. There was no significant association between living in the healthy cities and daily intake of breakfast (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.87–1.53), fruits (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.77–1.36), vegetables (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.98–1.67), or milk/milk products (OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.77–1.29); and the daily intake of fast-food (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.49–1.35) or carbonated drinks (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.60–1.05). These findings warrant further in-depth evaluation of the HCP in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.
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Yusuf, Nadia, Laila Al-sharqi, and Farah Durrani. "A Determinant Of Healthy Ageing Women Education In Saudi Arabia." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i2.9168.
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An increase in the number of elderly people has major implications for society, affecting such areas as health and social services and public spending. The economic effects of an ageing population are considerable. Older people have more savings than younger people, but spend less on consumer goods. The rise in ageing populations will also increase some categories of expenditure, like health care, whose cost is likely to increase dramatically as the population ages. Saudi Arabians, while relatively enthusiastic about saving in general, see retirement as a less important incentive to save and have reduced retirement savings as a result of the current economic downturn. At the same time, life expectancy will be higher and birth rate will decline because of the increase of education levels. People's concepts of birth and health care will be improved under the function of education. Education is the single most important indicator of the socioeconomic status of an individual, which affects almost all aspects of human life, including demographic health behavior. Change of the increase of population ageing that is caused by the change of the relative number of independent variables, such as education, is more of a concern.
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Fatima, S. B., S. B. Shamsuddeen, N. E. M. Alshammari, F. L. H. Alshammari, and H. E. M. AlShammary. "Life style Factors Influencing BMI of Females In Ha’il Region." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, no. 02 (June 30, 2014): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.2.12.
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Background: Published health promoting or health risk behaviors data in a young population is sparse for Saudi Arabia. Identifying health risk factors early in life and promoting primary prevention interventions among the youth is of utmost importance to move in a healthier direction Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the socio-economic factors influencing BMI in female students in University of Hail. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was carried out to evaluate dietary behaviors in a random sample of 200 adolescent students, from UOH female campus during the winter semester. Self administered questionnaire for dietary behaviors was used for survey by following anonymity and privacy. Results: This study was conducted to measure BMI and determine the socioeconomic factors affecting the relative weight of young adult females living in the city of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. A total of 200 female subjects (mean ± SD: age: 19.76 ± 1.98 years and BMI: 23.47 ± 5.58 kg/m2) participated in the present survey. 28.5 % percent of study sample were either overweight or obese. Age wise distribution indicates overweight and obesity significantly increases with age. Breakfast is frequently skipped in overweight and obese subjects while frequency of snacking less among them. Findings of the current study also suggest habit of frequent snacking behavior inverse association with BMI. The current study findings have indicated no clear impact of physical activity on obesity prevalence
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Almutairi, Naif, Sharyn Burns, and Linda Portsmouth. "Nutritional Behaviour of Adolescents and the Impact of Covid-19 on A Diet in Saudi Arabia." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 3 (December 20, 2022): 904–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.8.
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Background In recent decades, changes in food consumption among adolescents in Arabic speaking countries, including The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has resulted in increased burden of overweight and obesity. COVID-19 related restrictions have further impacted lifestyle and diet among adolescents in KSA. Aim The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, behaviour and dietary patterns of adolescents and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic related restrictions on these behaviours. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in six intermediate schools among 1500 adolescents (11-15 years) via an anonymous online survey. The Chi Square test was used to compare gender stratified nutritional knowledge, attitude and behaviour of adolescents and the impact of COVID-19 related restrictions. To determine the factors associated with nutritional change during COVID-19 lockdown, logistic regression was employed using the categorisation of nutritional change during COVID-19 restrictions versus no change in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A good level of nutrition-related knowledge and attitude was demonstrated both by female and male students, with 66% and 57% of participants scoring above the median of the total possible knowledge and attitude score, respectively. After adjusting for all variables, higher nutrition knowledge score predicted students to be less likely to report increased food consumption during COVID-19 restrictions, whereas students with higher nutrition attitude scores and with a higher risk of increased food consumption were more likely to increase food consumption during COVID-19 restrictions. Conclusions Unhealthy dietary habits among Saudi adolescents are of paramount public health concern and the COVID-19 restriction period exacerbated the pre-pandemic nutrition-related unhealthy behaviours. Therefore, school-based interventions aiming to promote healthy lifestyles and the wellbeing of Saudi adolescents and use of qualitative recall dietary diary is also crucial to develop programs that prevent unhealthy lifestyles in adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
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Alghannam, Abdullah F., Alaa A. Almasud, Suliman A. Alghnam, Dalal S. Alharbi, Mohanad S. Aljubairi, Arwa S. Altalhi, Azad M. Jan, and Shaima A. Alothman. "Prevalence of sarcopenia among Saudis and its association with lifestyle behaviors: Protocol for cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): e0271672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271672.
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Background Sarcopenia is an age-related muscular disease manifesting as a loss of muscle function and mass–leads to detrimental consequences at both individual and community levels. Modifiable lifestyle factors (such as physical behaviors and nutritional habits) may be involved in sarcopenia etiology. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Population (EWGOSP2) established a cut-off point for sarcopenia diagnosis based on the European population and they recommend the use of a regional normative population. However, no sufficient data on sarcopenia prevalence is presently available in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this project aims to define appropriate reference values from healthy Saudi young adults (Phase I) and to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in Saudi Arabia (Phase II) and examine selected modifiable lifestyle correlates of sarcopenia (Phase I, II). Methods The project will involve two phases. Phase I will include 1532 healthy Saudi young adults aged between 20–40 years. While, Phase II will include 1532 Saudi older adults aged ≥50 years. The study will measure vital signs, anthropometrics, muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength using handgrip strength and maximal isometric strength, physical function using short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walk test to measure aerobic endurance. To explore the associations between lifestyle behaviors with sarcopenia indices, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep will be evaluated subjectively using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objectively via ActivPAL accelerometers. A three-day dietary food record will also be used to evaluate dietary intake. Additionally, EuroQOL five-dimension questionnaire will be utilized to assess health-related quality of life. Discussion The study will have significant implications in recognizing the prevalence of sarcopenia in Saudi population, which will guide our future interventional studies aimed at early prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Althumiri, Nora Abdulrahman, Nouf S. Alammari, Rasha A. Almubark, Fatemah A. Alnofal, Dalal J. Alkhamis, Lamya S. Alharbi, Aljoharah M. Algabbani, Nasser F. BinDhim, and Amani S. Alqahtani. "The National Survey of Health, Diet, Physical Activity and Supplements among Adults in Saudi Arabia." Food and Drug Regulatory Science Journal 1, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32868/rsj.v1i1.21.
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Background
Diet, health, physical activity, tobacco use, and mental health are risk factors that contribute to an increased incidence of NCDs. This report aims to determine overall health status, nutritional perceptions, knowledge, behaviors, and shopping practices among the Saudi population.
Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among Saudi residents aged ≥ 18 years. This study used a stratified quota sampling technique to get an equal distribution of participants across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia.
Results
A total of 3,699 people across all 13 regions in Saudi Arabia were interviewed. Of those, 15.2% reported that they had at least one chronic disease, 12.5% were at risk of depression, and 16.4% were regular smokers. Overall, 25.9% of participants were obese (29% of men and 26.5% of women). Less than two thirds (60.5%) of participants were physically active, with an average of 53 minutes of physical activity per day. A lack of willpower was the most-reported reason for not being active. A very small portion of participants ate fruit (5.8%) and vegetables (7.3%). During the last seven days, 19.9 % had taken supplements, and 54.65% of those reported that they used supplements for medical reasons.
Conclusion
Further research is needed to develop evidence-based nutrition guidelines to address food consumption and Saudi dietary habits.
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AbuAlhommos, Amal Khalil, Fatimah Essa Alhadab, May Mohammed Almajhad, Rahmah Almutawaa, and Sara Taleb Alabdulkareem. "Community Knowledge of and Attitudes towards COVID-19 Prevention Techniques in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 12783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312783.
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The purpose of the study was to assess the community knowledge of and to obtain a broad overview of attitudes towards appropriate prevention techniques that are recommended by the Ministry of Health to prevent COVID-19 transmission in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between 1 May and 30 November 2020 to assess the community knowledge of and attitudes towards appropriate COVID-19 prevention techniques in Saudi Arabia. The study tool was developed based on an extensive literature review. Results: A total of 577 individuals were involved in this study. The majority of the participants knew that COVID-19 is classified as a severe acute respiratory syndrome, is caused by viral infection, and that it is more common among the elderly and those who have a chronic illness. More than half of the participants were able to identify the symptoms of COVID-19 correctly, which are fever, dry cough, and loss of taste. Approximately half the study participants were knowledgeable about appropriate distancing, handwashing, and preventive measures (e.g., wearing a cloth mask, smoking cessation, avoiding dangerous cultural behaviors that increase the probability of disease transmission). More than half of the study participants were able to identify the appropriate actions that should be taken if common COVID-19 symptoms appear. Conclusion: A promising level of knowledge and positive attitudes towards COVID-19 was observed in Saudi Arabia. Continuous efforts should be maintained to sustain the level of awareness among the public. Further studies are warranted to explore the level of knowledge and attitudes after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Abeer, KAA. "Influence of rashaqa instructions, 2030 on behaviors of female students of departments of home science education and kindergarten, Umm Al-qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 04 (May 31, 2021): 17876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.99.19365.
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College students’ prosperity advancing and harming behaviors are vital and include numerous parameters as eating and healthy habits. The activities of 185 undergraduate Saudi female university students from departments of Home Science Education (n=82) and Kindergarten (n=103), faculty of Education, UMM AL-QURA University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia were reported. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Students in departments exposed to information on proper nutrition and healthy behavior through their learning period at university. Researcher compared differences between students of both departments on eating of breakfast, junk foods, fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks; and healthy habits as brushing teeth, sleeping hours, smoking, sports, engagement in physical activity, duration spent watching TV and interacting on social media. Data were collected from April to October 2019 and compared. Results showed that students in the Department of Home Science Education had significantly higher levels of body mass index (BMI) (P= 0.002), total body weight (P= 0.002) using unpaired student "t" test, significantly higher increase of body weight since beginning of university study (P =0.026), spent significantly more free time watching TV per week days (P =0.013), spent significant more free time on social media at days of week (P =0.002); significantly higher chances of eating supper with their parents (P =0.004) and significantly more sleeping hours (P =0.005) versus those in Kindergarten Department. Skipping breakfast and snack pattern were common among Saudi university students. This study showed insignificant difference in other health related behaviors between students of Home Science Education and Kindergarten departments as eating breakfast during the week (P =0.293), days of eating breakfast (P =0.547), eating fast food during week (P =0.195), days of eating fast food (P =0.666) and bowel problems (P =0.109) using Chi-Square test. There was insignificant difference in fast foods intake (P =0.195), engagement in physical activities (P =0.163), intake of vegetables (P =0.370) and fruits (P =0.876) between students in both departments using Chi-Square test. Results indicated that behaviors to health-related habits are bad among female students of both Home Science Education and Kindergarten departments and this may be due to the fact that students living alone had more difficulties in adapting to healthy diets. These habits require more than having only knowledge about nutrition. A health program is required to elevate awareness and increase good behavior habits among students of Faculty of Education at UMM AL-QURA University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia as they are the future teachers.
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Almulhim, Abdullah N., Elizabeth Goyder, and Samantha J. Caton. "Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of Health Coaching as a New Diabetes Management Approach for the People with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 15089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215089.
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Background: Over recent years, the Middle East, and especially Saudi Arabia, has faced multiple changes, including structural-demographic and economic shifts. This has led to massive changes in the population’s lifestyle, including more unhealthy diets and increases in physical inactivity. As a result, accelerating rates of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are a major public health concern. Current diabetes care in Saudi Arabia focuses on increasing the awareness of patients through various approaches, mainly based on health education, which is found to be suboptimal and ineffective for improving long-term outcomes. This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using a client-centred approach called health coaching that supports, enables, and engages T2DM patients to take the central role of controlling their own conditions by developing new crucial skills. Methods: A mixed methods randomised controlled feasibility study of health coaching will be used. Participants (n = 30) are adults with T2DM with poorly controlled diabetes (A1C ≥7) who can read and write in Arabic. Eligible participants are randomly allocated to either an intervention or control group for 12 weeks. COM-B model and Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1) guide the intervention curriculum. Predetermined progression criteria will be used to determine whether to proceed to a larger trial or not. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and 3 months. The study’s primary aim is to assess the process of eligibility, recruitment, retention and completion rates, acceptability and suitability of intervention and the time to complete each procedure. The preliminary efficacy of health coaching is the secondary outcome that includes different measurements, such as HbA1c, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weight, patients’ self-efficacy, and diabetes self-management. Discussion: This is the first study to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of health coaching that used the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model and BCTTv1 as guidance to develop the intervention for adults with T2DM in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study will be used to inform the larger RCT trial if it is shown to be feasible and acceptable.
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Aljaloud, Sulaiman O., and Salam A. Ibrahim. "Use of Dietary Supplements among Professional Athletes in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/245349.
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The objective of this study was to understand the usage patterns of dietary supplements among professional athletes in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of sixteen questions divided into four categories: use of supplements, reason for consumption of supplements, personal beliefs about supplements, and behavior. The questionnaires were given to the three teams residing in Riyadh: Al Hilal, Al Nasr, and Al-Shabab. Out of the 105 athletes surveyed, we found that only 98 are currently taking dietary supplements and the mean age and standard deviation were25.74±2.90. The survey results showed a high percentage of athletes (93.3%;n=98) using different dietary supplements throughout the season, 43.8% (n=43) reported using supplements for performance, and 32.6% (n=32) believed in health benefits as a reason for using dietary supplements. Our results showed that a total of 87 (88.7%), 81 (82.6%), and 51 (52.0%) athletes are consuming sports drinks, vitamin C, and multivitamins, respectively. Meanwhile, those supplements ranking among the least used included omega 6 (18.6%), creatine (16.3%), and Ginkgo biloba (10.2%). A majority of athletes indicated that their use of supplements was for the purpose of improving their health and performance.
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Darwish, Magdy A., Ghadeer Al-Saif, Suha Albahrani, and Amr A. Sabra. "Lifestyle and Dietary Behaviors among Saudi Preschool Children Attending Primary Health Care Centers, Eastern Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Family Medicine 2014 (July 10, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/432732.
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Objective. To study life styles and dietary behaviors among Saudi preschool children (1–5 years) attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Dammam and Qatif areas, eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods. Cross-sectional study. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-filled questionnaire. Children and their mothers were encountered during their well-baby clinic visits. A total number of 300 preschool children and their mothers were interviewed during study period. Results. Unsatisfactory areas include smoking fathers (32%), smoking in front of children (11.3%), overweight and obesity among mothers (60.3%), noncompliance using seat belts for both parents (56.3%) and children (68%), children watching television (T.V) more than 2 hours (50%), adherence to exclusive breast feeding (only 20.7%), and late solid food introduction (65.3%). Frequent intake of unhealthy food items was 26%, 25%, and 24% for pizza, burger, and soft drinks. Unfortunately frequent intake of the following unhealthy food items was high: biscuits, deserts/chocolates, and chips which was 78%, 67%, and 72%, respectively. Conclusion. This study provides benchmark about the current situation. It provides health care workers and decision makers with important information that may help to improve health services.
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Alkhormi, Abdulrhman H., Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman Hummadi, Wali A. Hakami, Doha H. Alattas, Hassan Q. Alhafaf, Leena E. Kardly, and Mulook A. Mashhoor. "Psychological Health and Diabetes Self-Management among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during COVID-19 in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia." Medicina 58, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050675.
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Background and objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia is high and rising steeply. However, the management of type 2 diabetic patients has largely employed a medical approach and ignored the self-care management approach. This observation has even been obscured further by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the psychological health of these patients. This study aimed to understand the effects of psychological health and DSM on type 2 diabetic patients in the Jazan region during COVID-19. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was employed in this study. Participants were type 2 diabetic patients from the diabetic center at Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The Arabic-translated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Depression and anxiety were higher in females compared to males and were more reported by participants from urban compared to rural settings. Smoking and Khat chewing were inappropriate diabetic self-care management practices while exercising was appropriate. A negative correlation was observed between depression vs. health care utilization, and depression vs. diabetic self-care management. Anxiety results also showed similar findings to that of depression. Additionally, depression and anxiety were easily predicted by urban residence, and diabetic self-care management was predicted by exercise. Conclusions: Adequate self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes is needed. Medical professionals should ensure improved efforts to accurately ascertain how an individual can implement the recommended lifestyle changes and facilitate self-care education.
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Alsubaie, Ali Saad R. "Examining HIV and STIs Related Knowledge Among Male Adolescents in Saudi Arabia." Open AIDS Journal 14, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613602014010027.
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Background: Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) is a major global cause of acute illness, long-term disability and death, with serious medical and psychological consequences. Knowledge and awareness about the transmission of sexual disease play an important role in the prevention of the disease. Very little is known about HIV and STI in adolescents and associated factors in Saudi Arabia. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between self-rated STI knowledge and HIV and STI knowledge test scores, as well as to investigate the association between adolescents’ HIV and STI knowledge and their demographic background and sexually related behaviors. Methods: A multi-stage cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, recruiting 453 male adolescents (15 and 20 years) from private and public male high schools in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. Results: More than half (53.4%) of the adolescents reported their STI knowledge as excellent or good (42%). However, based on the total score scale of HIV and STI knowledge, 64.3% had a poor level of knowledge. The sexual information sources commonly cited were friends (70%) and internet (40.0%); and the least cited sources were fathers (16%) and mothers (15%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents’ father and mother education (>12 years) were positively associated with adolescent’s HIV and STI knowledge level (OR= 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4, p= 0.040) and (OR= 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8, p= 0.010). No significant association was found between adolescents’ HIV and STI knowledge and their sexual behaviors and attitudes. Conclusion: Findings suggest that a high proportion of male adolescents have poor HIV and STI related knowledge. Poor knowledge and reliance on potentially unreliable informational sources coupled with an over-estimate perception of STI expertise suggests that improvements in STI and HIV education should be addressed. Additional research is needed to help identify factors (beyond knowledge) associated with sexual behavior and attitudes that may increase the risk for STIs and HIV among adolescents.
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Alamri, Abdulaziz, and Muhammad Ashraf Nazir. "Test Anxiety and Related Factors among Health Professions Students: A Saudi Arabian Perspective." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12040098.
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The study aimed to evaluate test anxiety and its relationship with demographic factors among undergraduate medical, dental, and pharmacy students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The health professions students from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia participated in this cross-sectional study. Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) by Spielberger was used to evaluate test anxiety and the score on the scale ranges from 20 to 80. Of the total 1098 participants, 878 returned completed questionnaires and the response rate of the study was 79.9%. In response to the items of TAI, 33% of participants reported that they almost always “wished examinations did not bother so much”. The mean TAI score of the sample was 43.17 (SD = 10.58). There were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of TAI among dental (44.15 ± 0.48), medical (41.64 ± 1.31), and pharmacy (43.44 ± 9.29) students (p = 0.003). The students with high grade point average (GPA) (mean TAI = 41.91 ± 10.43) demonstrated significantly lower test anxiety than those with low GPA (mean TAI = 44.05 ± 10.67) (p = 0.006). Academic grade in the previous year (GPA) remained a statistically significant factor associated with test anxiety (B = −2.83, p = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. This study showed that test anxiety was common among health professions students, and dental students and students with low GPA demonstrated high test anxiety. Students with high test anxiety should be the target of preventive strategies.
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Basfr, Wafa, Ahlam Hamdan, and Samia Al-Habib. "Workplace Violence Against Nurses in Psychiatric Hospital Settings: Perspectives from Saudi Arabia." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 19, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.01.005.
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Objectives: Workplace violence (WPV) has become a world-wide concern. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of WPV among nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at three psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia between March and May 2017. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire which was used to measure the prevalence and explore the associated factors of WPV. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed. Results: A total of 310 nurses (response rate: 62%) were included in this study. The prevalence of WPV against nurses was 90.3%, of which 57.7% had been exposed to both physical and verbal abuse. More nurses were exposed to WPV during the morning shift than the evening shift (58.4% versus 42.3%). Violent behaviour was exhibited mostly by the patients themselves (81.3%). Over half of the nurses (57.4%) required medical intervention in such cases. The majority of nurses felt either stressed (64.2%) or anxious (53.5%) and 34.2% felt depressed after the incident. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that time of violence, source of violence, patient dissatisfaction with medical care and lack of organisational support for nurses were significantly associated with the occurrence of WPV in psychiatric units. Conclusion: WPV has reached an alarming rate among nurses in psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to invest in the prevention of WPV by constant training of workers and a mutual policy with the police and the civic prosecutor in Saudi Arabia on how to respond to violent psychiatric patients. Keywords: Workplace Violence; Psychiatry; Nurse; Mental Health; Saudi Arabia.
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Alfawaz, Hanan A., Nasiruddin Khan, Ghadah A. Aljumah, Syed D. Hussain, and Nasser M. Al-Daghri. "Dietary Intake and Supplement Use Among Saudi Residents during COVID-19 Lockdown." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126435.
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Healthy diet and supplement use may prove as sustainable strategies to lower COVID-19 infection. Our study investigated the dietary changes before and during lockdown and observed dietary supplements (DS) use among residents in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study collected data via an online electronic survey questionnaire among males (N = 921) and females (N = 1044) residing in Saudi Arabia, 15 years of age and above. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of males (before vs. during lockdown) having improved changes in dietary habit (68.6% vs. 65.8%; p = 0.004), which was similar in female participants (69 vs. 73.4% vs. 69%; p < 0.001). The frequency of multivitamin users among COVID-19 participants was significantly lower than non-users (44.4 vs. 55.6; p < 0.003). Male respondents within 26–35 years of age were more likely to use multivitamin supplements than females (30.1 vs. 22.6%; p < 0.05) of same age group. Predictors for DS use were increased age group, income, education level and COVID-19 status. In conclusion, an increase in unhealthy diet behavior was observed among Saudi males and females during the pandemic lockdown and the predictors of DS use included increased age, income, education level and COVID-19 status.
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Aljofan, Mohamad, and Suhaib Alkhamaiseh. "Prevalence and Factors Influencing Use of Herbal Medicines During Pregnancy in Hail, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.01.010.
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Objectives: The increasing prevalence of herbal medicine use is a global public health concern. Critically, many women continue to use herbal medicines during pregnancy despite potential maternofetal risks. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with herbal medicine use during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2017. An Arabic-language 33-item survey assessing herbal medicine use was designed and distributed to 879 random women attending outpatient clinics at governmental and private hospitals in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Only women who were pregnant or had been pregnant in the previous 10 years were included. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.5 years, with 49% under 30 years old. Overall, 33% of the respondents claimed to have used herbal medicines during pregnancy. The most common reasons for doing so were to improve lactation (73%), improve the course of the pregnancy (56%) and facilitate labour (49%). Women who worked full-time and those with high school diplomas or above were significantly more likely to use herbal medicines during pregnancy (P <0.001 each). Conclusion: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the prevalence and associated factors of herbal medicine use during pregnancy in Hail. The results showed a high prevalence of herbal medicine use among pregnant women in the region. Healthcare providers should therefore ensure that patients disclose the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy to avoid treatment complications or adverse herb-drug interactions.Keywords: Herbal Medicine; Plant Preparations; Pregnancy; Complementary Therapies; Health Behaviors; Prevalence; Herb-Drug Interactions; Saudi Arabia.
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Tounsi, Abrar, Shahad Alammar, Nassr Almaflehi, Mohamed Bamashmous, Abdullah Al Madani, and Maria Salem Ibrahim. "Psychometric Validation of the Arabic Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 8529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168529.
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Global infectious pandemics can affect the psychology and behavior of human beings. Several tools were developed to evaluate the psychological impact of such outbreaks. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic translated version of Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation scale (FIVE). FIVE is a 35-item tool consisting of four subscales that measure Fears about Contamination and Illness, Fears about Social Distancing, Behaviors Related to Illness and Virus Fears and Impact of Illness and Virus Fears. The tool was translated into Arabic by using a forward–backward translation. The online questionnaire contained the following sections: demographics, FIVE, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and face validity questions. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to recruit participants via a mobile instant messaging application. Reliability, concurrent validity, face validity and factor analysis were examined. The data consisted of 509 adult participants who reside in Saudi Arabia. The internal consistency of the Arabic FIVE subscales was high (0.84–0.91) with strong concurrent validity indicated by positive correlations of FIVE subscales with FCV-19S. Factor analysis suggested slightly different factor structures (Fears of Getting Sick, Fears that Others Get Sick, Fears of the Impact on Social Life and Behaviors Related to Illness and Virus Fears). Our data showed a better fit using the proposed structures. The Arabic version of the FIVE showed robust validity and reliability qualities to assess fear of COVID-19 on Arabic adult population.