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Morris, Christopher H. "Assessing Mental Health of Native American Children: Relationship of Acculturation with Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6133.
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The literature indicates that, in comparison to children of other ethnic minority groups, Native American children may be at greater risk for a variety of emotional and behavioral Ill disorders and negative psychosocial conditions. Many may also struggle to resolve issues related to cultural identity. Understanding how Native American children and families relate to the cultures within which they live is a critical aspect of preventing and treating childhood mental disorders. Although Native children and families face persistent social pressure to adapt to a multicultural world, no systematic research exists examining the relationship between families' experience of acculturation and their children's social, emotional, and behavioral functioning.
This study described features of acculturation among Native American children and families, and explored the relationship between these cultural features and children's functioning. The study relied primarily upon the perceptions of 186 children and parents from an American Indian tribe of the southwestern United States, each reporting on their own traditionalism, and their perceptions of the child's social-emotional competencies and problems. Child and parent perceptions were augmented by parent report of other family characteristics.
Consistent with the literature, factor analytic and psychometric findings indicated that traditionalism is a multidimensional construct that can be measured reliably among children and adults. These findings are especially significant because few psychometrically adequate instruments exist to assess traditionalism or acculturation among Native American children.
Few relationships were found between child emotional and behavioral problems and acculturation. A consistent pattern of relationships indicated an association of parent- and child-reported traditionalism with lower perceived levels of child social and behavioral competencies. Exceptions to this pattern included the tendency of children to see themselves as more socially competent if they were involved with traditional ceremonies. Parent reports indicated an association between biculturalism and positive perceptions of child competencies.
These findings must be cautiously interpreted in conjunction with the specific cultural and historical context of these families. Characteristics of the data placed some limits on multivariate analyses, and most study findings should be viewed as exploratory. Recommendations are included for further research required to adequately understand relationships between family acculturation and child functioning.
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Witherspoon, Dennis Robert. "The effects of financial strain on health, morale, and social functioning." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38206.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Human Ecology-Personal Financial Planning
Martin Seay
Guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional theory of stress and coping as the theoretical framework, the objective of this research was to determine the association between financial stressors and the outcomes of health, morale, and social functioning. Additionally, the impact of the individual and environment, and the appraisal and coping process were examined. A literature review was conducted based on the theoretical constructs of the individual and environment, stressful events, the appraisal and coping process, morale, social functioning, and health. The sample consisted of 811 individuals age 50 and older, evenly split between males and females, from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Respondents were mostly white, married, and retired. The majority had at least some college and owned a home. Respondents were mainly under the age of 69 and had a mean income of $95,753. The sample reported better than the median scores for morale, social functioning, subjective health, and objective health. Likewise, respondents’ control of finances and mastery scores were also better than the median. However, lower than median scores for financial stressors were reported. OLS regression was utilized to model morale and social functioning while cumulative logistic regression analysis was used to model subjective and objective health. In an effort to model subjective and objective health, morale, and social functioning as one unit, an ad hoc composite measure for all three outcomes was developed which was modeled utilizing cumulative logistic regression. Either full or partial support for some of the hypotheses was indicated. As it pertains to the financial stressor construct, there were some significant relationships with social functioning and morale as theoretically anticipated and hypothesized. Namely, ongoing financial strain was the most frequent variable of significance. However, as a whole, financial stressors were as not as significant under the models as were some of the other variables when modeling the outcomes. Mastery, control over one’s finances, coping behaviors, and positive or negative social support were more frequently significant in the modeling. Control variables of significance often included marital status, gender, education, employment status, income, age, and homeownership status. This research fills a gap by examining the influence of financial stressors individually and simultaneously on physical health, well-being, and social functioning based on a large dataset of secondary data robed in a theoretical framework. By understanding the relationship between financial stress and these outcomes, financial practitioners and educators can develop interventions to promote positive adaptations.
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Webb, Jon R., Jameson K. Hirsch, Preston L. Visser, and Kenneth G. Brewer. "Forgiveness and Health: Assessing the Mediating Effect of Health Behavior, Social Support, and Interpersonal Functioning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/669.
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Religiousness and spirituality are important to most Americans and while beneficial associations between forgiveness and health are consistently observed, little is known regarding the mechanism of association. Cross-sectional multiple mediation-based analyses of associations between dimensions of forgiveness and physical and mental health were conducted using a sample of 363 undergraduate students from rural Southern Appalachia. Controlling for demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, education, ethnicity, and marital status) and lifetime religiousness, multivariable analyses reflected associations of forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others, but not feeling forgiven by God, with physical health status, somatic symptoms, mental health status, and psychological distress. All such associations operated through health behavior and/or social support; however, only in the context of forgiveness of self did such associations also operate through interpersonal functioning (problems). While forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others each appear to have a robust indirect relationship with health, mediation-based associations involving forgiveness of self were nearly twice as frequent. It may be that forgiveness of self is relatively more important to health-related outcomes.
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Dawson, Erica Lind. "Impulsivity and Social Functioning in Healthy Young Adults." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1217511984.
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Newhart, Sean. "The Influence of Family Functioning on Social Competence, Social Support, and Mental Health Among College Students." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1563898795.
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There are a multitude of factors that influence college students’ mental health. Among such factors, there is little research on the influence of family functioning, social competence, and social support on the mental health of college students. This quantitative research study examined the relationships among the identified variables utilizing structural equation modeling. Results indicate that although there are relationships between each variable, the a priori theoretical model established by the researcher did not fit the data well. Implications for mental health practitioners and researchers are explored in light of the researcher’s findings.
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Truba, Natalie. "Social and Educational Functioning in College Students with a Chronic Physical Health Condition." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/188.
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The purpose of the current study is to examine the academic and social functioning of college students with a chronic physical health condition (CPHC). For the current study, chronic physical health condition will be defined as follows: “A physical [or mental] health condition that has lasted or is expected to last at least 6 months and interferes with their activities,” (Varni & Limbers, 2008, p. 107). The sample consisted of 174 participants attending Western Kentucky University. Two groups (CPHC vs. Healthy) were comprised based on the participants’ self-reported health status. Participants were solicited through Western Kentucky University’s department of Psychology Study Board as well as through the university’s Department of Disability Services. The participants completed the demographics questionnaire, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Young Adults (PEDSQL), and the Costello-Comrey Depression and Anxiety Scales (CCDAS). All the measures were completed online. Three hypotheses were made. Hypothesis one stated that college students who have a chronic physical condition will have a lower level of social functioning when compared to their healthy peers. Hypothesis two stated that college students who have a chronic physical health condition will have a lower level of educational adjustment when compared to their healthy peers. Hypothesis three stated that female college students who have a chronic physical health condition will endorse higher levels of the internal symptoms associated with anxiety and depression. Results yielded support for the second hypothesis, as individuals with a CPHC did report lower levels of academic adjustment than healthy individuals. The first hypothesis was marginally supported as participants with a CPHC reported lower levels of social functioning than healthy individuals. The third hypothesis was not supported as females and males with a CPHC reported similar levels of anxiety and depression.
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Frölander, Hans-Erik. "Deafblindness : Theory-of-mind, cognitive functioning and social network in Alström syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-48930.
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This thesis addresses young adults with Alström syndrome (AS). AS causes acquired deafblindness, a severe, progressive, combined auditory and visual impairment affecting daily life and self-reliance to a degree that full participation depends on help from others and society. AS is an autosomal, recessively inherited single-gene disorder that affects the ALMS1 gene. AS has a multi-systemic pathology including a high incidence of additional multiple endocrine abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, restrictive lung disease and progressive hepatic and renal failure leading to reduced life expectancy. The focus in the present thesis is on the development of Theory-of-mind (ToM) and on how ToM relates to the development of certain cognitive skills and the characteristics of the individual social network. ToM refers to the ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of others. The results reveal that individuals with AS displayed a significantly higher degree of heterogeneity in the performance of ToM tasks, and some individuals with AS performed on an equal level with nondisabled individuals. ToM performance was predicted by verbal ability and executive functioning (EF), whereas working memory capacity (WM) proved to be an indirect predictor. Later onset of visual loss further characterized AS individuals with better ToM. The sizes of the social networks of individuals with AS were smaller relative to those of nondisabled individuals, and many of the acquaintances were professionals working with individuals with AS. The number of friends correlated with ToM performance. Methods to improve verbal ability and EF, and interventions to enhance social participation in childhood of individuals with AS might prove to be fruitful. In addition assistive technology to establish and maintain friendships in adulthood is required.
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Eckert, Zachary Robert. "The Effects of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations on Social-Behavioral-Functioning and Mental Status: Perceptions among Mental Health Social Workers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/671.
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Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVH) are a generally distressing phenomena that can have a negative impact on the quality of life of the experiencer. Furthermore, individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorders often display deficits in social/cognitive domains. Despite this, little is known about how AVHs directly affect social functioning and mental status. Because of this dearth of information, exploratory research is needed to generate potential avenues for future experimental research. Qualitative themes about how AVHs influence behavior were derived from interviews with mental health social workers. Eight primary domains were identified: Behavior, social ability, observable traits, voice plasticity, life difficulty, beneficial auditory hallucinations, coping strategies, and stigmas. Implications of this research could guide future direction for experimental research as well as contribute to assessment and treatment procedures of psychotic individuals.
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Almqvist, Lena. "Children's health and developmental delay : positive functioning in every-day life." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro university : Universitetsbiblioteket, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-586.
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Burant, Christopher J. "OPTIMISM/PESSIMISM AS A MEDIATOR OF SOCIAL STRUCTURAL DISPARITIES EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF HOSPITALIZED ELDERS." online version, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1150213934.
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Thalji, Amanda Lynn. "A Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health in High School Students: Group Characteristics and Social Functioning." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4239.
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A dual-factor model of psychological functioning examines the presence of wellness (i.e., subjective well-being; SWB) and psychopathology (i.e., internalizing and externalizing behavior problems) in explaining youth mental health functioning. Using a dual-factor model, previous research has yielded four unique groups of elementary and middle school youth as well as college-age adults with distinct levels of wellness and psychopathology. The present empirical investigation included valid data from 500 adolescents from two high schools (grades 9 to 11). This exploratory study produced four groups of students with unique mental health profiles aligned with previous studies investigating the dual-factor model. Tukey-Kramer comparisons determined that among groups classified as having elevated symptoms of psychopathology, those that also report high levels of SWB (i.e., symptomatic but content youth) are more likely to be rated as having externalizing problems, and those with low levels of SWB (i.e., troubled youth) are more likely to report symptoms of internalizing problems. Evaluation of group differences on positive mental health indicators suggest that differences between groups with elevated SWB versus low SWB were due to differences in life satisfaction and negative affect. Tukey-Kramer comparisons indicated that youth with complete mental health reported optimal functioning in terms SWB. Youth identified as having low levels of SWB, appeared to report similarly low levels of life satisfaction and positive affect, but those that also reported elevated levels of psychopathology, particularly internalizing problems, had greater levels of negative affect. Additional findings from this study demonstrate the utility of classifying high school students' mental health according to a dual-factor model. Results of a MANCOVA suggest a significant effect for mental health group membership as yielded from a dual-factor model on students' social-functioning. Follow up ANCOVAs and Tukey-Kramer comparisons suggest that high SWB in tandem with low levels of psychopathology (i.e., complete mental health) is associated with a host of optimal functioning in terms of teacher-rated social skills, perceptions of interpersonal relationships, receipt of social support, reduced likelihood of victimization, and high quality romantic experiences. For youth with psychopathology, average to high levels of SWB (i.e., as in symptomatic but content students), may buffer them from experiencing poor social functioning, particularly in terms of perceived social support, peer victimization, general interpersonal relations, and satisfaction with romantic experiences. Overall results from this study support the presence of dual-factor model in high school students and the importance of assessment of positive and negative indicators in order to effectively gain a comprehensive understanding of adolescents' social functioning.
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Hasemeyer, Michelle Denise. "The Relationship between Gratitude and Psychological, Social, and Academic Functioning in Middle Adolescence." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4688.
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Guided by positive psychology and broaden-and-build theoretical frameworks, this study utilized a correlational research design to explore the relationships between gratitude and adolescents' psychological, social, and academic well-being in a diverse sample of 499 high school students. Results of multiple regression analyses that controlled for potential effects of student demographic features on outcomes showed that higher levels of gratitude predicted more life satisfaction (β=.63, sr2=.40) , less internalizing symptoms (β= -.44, sr2= .19), more social support from parents (β=.50, sr2=.25), teachers (β=.28, sr2=.08), and peers (β=.34, sr2=.12), higher grades (β=.12, sr2=.014), and better academic self-perceptions (β=.30, sr2=.09). These relationships were generally the same for boys and girls, with the exception that the inverse link between gratitude and internalizing symptoms of psychopathology was stronger for girls than for boys. Social support from parents partially mediated the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction, fully mediated the relationship between gratitude and internalizing symptoms for boys, and partially mediated the relationship between gratitude and internalizing symptoms for girls. Teacher support partially mediated the relationship between gratitude and students' academic self-perceptions. These mediator effects provide support for Frederickson's (2001) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions in that gratitude builds and strengthens student's supportive social network, which in turn leads to better psychological and academic functioning. Implications of findings for school psychology practice and future directions for research are discussed.
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Hardesty, Robin B. "Stress, Coping, and their Prediction of Mental Health Outcomes in International Baccalaureate High School Students." Scholar Commons, 2006. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3869.
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This study investigated the mental health of high school students enrolled in the International Baccalaureate (IB) High School Diploma Program (n =139) in a large, southeastern high school. Mental health was assessed using both positive indicators (life satisfaction, academic achievement, academic self-efficacy) and negative indicators (psychopathology) indicators of adolescent social-emotional and school functioning. Findings from this study include that IB students perceive more stress than their general education peers, yet maintain mental health that is equivalent or superior to that of their general education peers. The role of coping in predicting mental health outcomes in IB students was also investigated. Findings indicate that specific coping styles are differentially related to mental health outcomes in this sub-population of adolescents. Furthermore, coping styles moderate the influence of stress on global life satisfaction and internalizing psychopathology. These findings suggest that participation in the academically rigorous and time-intensive IB program is not harmful to the mental health of high school students, and in fact may be beneficial, as evidenced by the superior academic functioning of students in the IB program.
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Bourassa, Kyle J., Molly Memel, Cindy Woolverton, and David A. Sbarra. "Social participation predicts cognitive functioning in aging adults over time: comparisons with physical health, depression, and physical activity." ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622789.
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Objectives: Several risk and protective factors are associated with changes in cognitive functioning in aging adults - including physical health, depression, physical activity, and social activities - though the findings for participation in social activities are mixed. This study investigated the longitudinal association between social participation and two domains of cognitive functioning, memory and executive function. A primary goal of our analyses was to determine whether social participation predicted cognitive functioning over-and-above physical health, depression, and physical activity in a sample with adequate power to detect unique effects. Method: The sample included aging adults (N = 19,832) who participated in a large, multi-national study and provided data across six years; split into two random subsamples. Unique associations between the predictors of interest and cognitive functioning over time and within occasion were assessed in a latent curve growth model. Results: Social participation predicted both domains of cognitive functioning at each occasion, and the relative magnitude of this effect was comparable to physical health, depression, and physical activity level. In addition, social participation at the first time point predicted change in cognitive functioning over time. The substantive results in the initial sample were replicated in the second independent subsample. Conclusion: Overall, the magnitude of the association of social participation is comparable to other well-established predictors of cognitive functioning, providing evidence that social participation plays an important role in cognitive functioning and successful aging.
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Rice, Heather Marie. "Neighborhood Disorganization, Social Support, Substance Use and Functioning amongst Adolescents: An Analysis of the Ohio Behavioral Health Juvenile Justice Initiative." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1499463442029744.
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Bruce, Molly. "Reactive Attachment Disorder in infants in foster care and associated mental health and cognitive functioning." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7601/.
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Background: Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) has been described as one of the least researched and most poorly understood psychiatric disorders (Chaffin et al., 2006). Despite this, given what is known about maltreatment and attachment, it is likely that RAD has profound consequences for child development. Very little is known about the prevalence and stability of RAD symptoms over time. Until recently it has been difficult to investigate the presence of RAD due to limited measures for informing a diagnosis. However this study utilised a new observational tool Method: A cross sectional study design with a one-year follow-up explored RAD symptoms in maltreated infants in Scotland (n=55, age range= 16-62 months) and associated mental health and cognitive functioning. The study utilised the Rating of Inhibited Attachment Behavior Scale (Corval, et al., unpublished 2014) that has recently been developed by experts in the field along side The Disturbances of Attachment Interview (Smyke & Zeanah, 1999). Children were recruited as part of the BeST trial, whereby all infants who came in to the care of the local authority in Glasgow due to child protection concerns were invited to participate. The study sample was representative of the larger pool of data in terms of age, gender, mental health and cognitive functioning. Results: The sample was found to be representative of the population of maltreated children from which it was derived. Prevalence of RAD was found to be 7.3% (n=3, 95% CI [0.43 – 14.17]) at T1, when children are first placed in to foster care. At T2, following one year in improved care conditions, 4.3% (n=2, 95% CI [below 0 – 10.16]) met a borderline RAD diagnosis. Levels of observed RAD symptoms decreased significantly at T2 in comparison to T1 but carer reported symptoms of RAD did not. Children whose RAD symptoms did not improve were found to be significantly older and showed less prosocial behaviour. RAD was associated with some mental health and cognitive difficulties. Lower Verbal IQ and unexpectedly, prosocial behaviour were found to predict RAD symptoms. Conclusions: The preliminary findings have added to the developing understanding of RAD symptoms and associated difficulties however further exploration of RAD in larger samples would be invaluable.
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Kim, Jinhyun. "The Impact of Cumulative Socioeconomic Inequalities on Physical functioning, Self-Rated Health, and Depression among Older Adults." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269354586.
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Gleiberman, Peter. "The Use of Mobile Social Technology as Transitional Objects Impact on Personality Functioning." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1579898574359043.
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Levidioti-Lekkou, Spyridoula. "Adolescents' voices : mental health, self-esteem, sense of coherence, family functioning and life attitudes in Swedish and Greek adolescents." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-891.
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Background: Several factors have been identified as related to mental health in adolescence, such as competences, behavioural/emotional problems, self-esteem, and sense of coherence. Studies also emphasise the importance of family functioning and cultural factors. Objectives: This study investigates and compares the mental health of adolescents in relation to family functioning and socio-cultural variables in Sweden and Greece. Furthermore, Swedish and Greek adolescents' attitudes about life issues are studied. For Greek youths, mental health and gender variations in attitudes were studied as well. Populations and Methods: The study included 583 Swedish and 238 Greek school-aged adolescents aged 13 through 18 years. The Swedish sample was recruited from students at a Junior High and a High School in the town of Lycksele close to the University town of Umeå and the Greek sample was selected from three High schools and three Lyceums in Patras. The two samples were selected to represent the socio-demographic strata in the study areas. Achenbach's Youth Self Report (YSR), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem, Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC), and Beavers (SFI) scales were used. Out of the large sample, adolescents who reported either high or low on Achenbach's Youth Self Report–47 Greeks and 47 Swedes–were selected for semi-structured interviews. An interview guide with semi-structured questions was created to gather information about life attitudes. The questions addressed a broad spectrum of everyday life issues to understand how youths orient themselves to life–the central themes of an adolescent life and the basic codes of behaviour related to mental health, family, and culture. Results and discussion: Results revealed significant differences and some simi-larities between Swedish and Greek adolescents. According to YSR, the Swedish adolescents had fewer mental health problems than the Greek adolescents. Although this difference was most evident for internalized problems, it was also evident for externalized problems. These differences were seen for both sexes in most problem areas identified by YSR. In both countries, girls had higher prob-lem scores than boys. Age group comparisons followed the same national differences mostly obvious for the two oldest age groups. As for sense of coherence, all of the Greek groups had higher scores. For self-esteem, no differences were found in the comparison between total group scoring, but Greek girls and Swedish boys had better self-esteem compared to their counterparts. Greek adolescents scored their families higher on family health competence. With respect to attitudes about life issues, Greek youths reported more problems related to self, more fears of social dangers, losses, and illness. In addition, they turned more often to their family for support during difficult times. More Greek youths believed in God than their Swedish counterparts. The two groups identified similar family problems. The Swedes reported more fear about their future and tended to trust public authorities more during times of difficulty. Greek adolescents revealed social concerns, fears about the future and social dangers, and using own coping and family support to face these issues. Mental-health and gender patterns influenced some attitudes. Greek adolescents' attitudes about education, and messages sent to their parents are also presented. Both groups' attitudes about faith and homosexuality are shown. They both emphasised the importance of social and career position. Swedes, however, more often expressed a desire to have a family within five years. We recommend that counselling be offered in schools to provide students with life skills and to improve communication with their parents. This support should help parents and children face relational and behavioural issues of children. In addition, we recommend educational support be provided to Greek youths.
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Petca, Andra Raisa. "Factors Associated with Healthy and Impaired Social Functioning in Middle-School Adolescents with ADHD." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1422389444.
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McKelvy, Tara N. "Academic, Social and Emotional Functioning of College Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804887/.
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with negative occupational, social and psychological outcomes among community samples of adults; as such, it is expected that college students with ADHD face similar struggles. The research targeting this group of individuals, however, is sparse and tempered by significant limitations. The current study aimed to address methodological limitations in the current literature by including instruments to formally diagnosis ADHD and comorbid disorders, utilizing psychometrically sound instruments and comparing functioning of college students with ADHD across gender and subtype. It was hypothesized that participants with ADHD would report lower GPAs, higher levels of emotional distress and negative relationship characteristics than participants without ADHD. It was also hypothesized that participants with ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C) would report higher levels of substance and alcohol use than participants with ADHD-predominately inattentive type (ADHD-I), and that participants with ADHD-I would report higher levels of anxiety and depression than participants with ADHD-C. Women diagnosed with ADHD were expected to report higher levels of anxiety and depression than men diagnosed with ADHD; whereas, men diagnosed with ADHD were expected to report higher levels of substance and alcohol use than women. MANOVA, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to test hypotheses. Results revealed no significant differences between the ADHD and comparison group on GPA and relationship characteristics. Participants diagnosed with ADHD did report significantly higher emotional distress than participants in the comparison group. No differences in GPA or relationship characteristics were found across ADHD subtype or gender. Overall, these findings provide evidence to suggest that college students with ADHD are functioning relatively well compared to their non-ADHD peers.
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Smith, Nicholas David W. "An Application of the Dual Factor Model of Mental Health in Elementary School Students: Implications for Social Functioning and Psychopathology." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7231.
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In the study of positive psychology and mental health there has been greater emphasis placed on the presence of indicators of well-being, as opposed to previous models solely based on the presence or absence of psychopathological symptoms. This has yielded a model titled the Dual Factor Model of Mental Health (DFM; Suldo, 2016). Psychopathological symptoms have been conceptualized as a categorical variable encompassing an elevated level of symptoms of either externalizing or internalizing disorders. Complete Mental Health (CMH) is generally conceptualized as having low psychopathology (PTH) and high subjective well-being (SWB). Previous research has indicated more positive outcomes, such as academic achievement and supportive social relationships, are associated with CMH. The DFM has been examined in adolescents and young adults, however, only one study has identified the model in elementary school students (Greenspoon & Saklofske, 2008). The current study completed secondary analysis of an archival data set (Hearon, 2017) to examine the distribution of the DFM in a sample of 178 elementary school students (grades 4th and 5th) and the impact that mental health group status had on social functioning levels with teachers and classmates. Results from this study indicated the DFM was present in a sample of elementary school students, with the majority of participants being classified in the CMH group, consistent with previous literature. Additionally, regarding students’ perceived social support of classmates and teachers, those groups with elevated levels of SWB reported greater mean values than those groups that had decreased levels of SWB. Finally, between group differences in terms of psychopathology were present, whereas within group differences in terms of externalizing and internalizing behavior were not present in any group. Implications for school psychologists, such as the importance of assessing SWB in tandem with psychopathology are presented. Finally, limitations of this study (i.e., nested data) and avenues for future research (i.e., mental health status predicting peer networks, continued evaluation of DFM psychopathology make-up) are reviewed.
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Pitman, A. L. "When a close friend or relative dies by suicide : the impact on mental health and social functioning of young adults." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1457391/.
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Introduction: Provision of support for people bereaved by suicide has become a key priority for suicide prevention strategies in many developed countries. Few studies have measured whether suicide bereavement increases risk of suicidal behaviour compared with bereaved controls. Methods: I sampled 659,572 staff and students at 37 UK higher education institutions in 2010. Via mass email, I invited adults who had experienced a sudden bereavement to complete an online survey measuring post-bereavement suicidal ideation and attempts, and other psychosocial outcomes. Inclusion criteria were: current age 18-40 years, and sudden bereavement of a close contact since the age of 10 years. Multivariable regression was used to compare those bereaved by suicide to two reference categories: those bereaved by natural causes and those bereaved by unnatural causes. Results: Of 3,432 eligible respondents, 614 adults were bereaved by suicide, 712 by sudden unnatural causes of death, and 2,106 by sudden natural causes. Compared with adults bereaved by natural causes, adults bereaved by suicide had a similar risk of suicidal thoughts, poor social functioning, non-suicidal self-harm and incicdent depression, but a significantly increased risk of suicide attempts (AOR=1.65; 95% CI=1.12-2.42; p=0.01), drop-out from work or education, and subjective stigma. Compared with adults bereaved by unnatural causes, adults bereaved by suicide had a similar risk of all the above outcomes, except for an increased risk of poor social functioning and subjective stigma. For all the associations identified, risks were elevated in both relatives and non-relatives. Discussion: My findings suggest that there are some risk similarities in suicidality between young adults exposed to suicide bereavement and those exposed to other violent bereavements. Implications: The needs of young adults in the UK bereaved by unnatural deaths may also need consideration in suicide prevention policy.
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Castro-Guillen, Evelyn. "Academic Predictors of the Child and Adolescent Functioning Assessment Scale in a School-Based Mental Health Program." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459416051.
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Swain, Barbara J. "The relationships between clinical features of eating disorders and measures of individual and family functioning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184524.
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The performances of 114 eating disordered females on measures of individual and family functioning were examined via t-tests, analyses of variance, and chi squares analyses. Subjects met DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa with bulimia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. Measures included selected scales of the MMPI, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Eating Disorder Questionnaire, the Moos Family Environment Scale, and the Berren-Shisslak Family Dynamics Survey. First, performances on the measures were compared to normative samples and across diagnostic groups. As expected, the subjects differed from normative samples on many dependent measures, but the diagnostic groups differed little among themselves. Next, an examination of 45 clinical features suggested that subjects were not as symptomatically distinct as diagnosis might imply. Finally, diagnosis was set aside to examine the relationships of specific clinical features to the measures of individual and family functioning. These features included age, weight history, food binges, vomiting, laxative and diuretic use, food restriction, menstrual history, exercise, drug and alcohol abuse, symptom severity, inpatient treatment history, and additional diagnosis. Surprisingly, a history of anorectic weight was not related to any of the measures, but amenorrhea emerged as a clinical feature of some import, not just among the anorectic subjects but among subjects generally. Other findings suggested that patients who binge have difficulty with separation, that binges may be a metaphor for unsatisfied cravings for nurturance, and that vomiting and exercise may enhance a sense of separateness while laxative use may represent the private expulsion of anger. The need for family involvement in treatment was highlighted by many relationships between the clinical features and indices of family dysfunction.
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Demianczyk, Abigail. "Potential Moderators of the Relation Between Microaggressions and Mental Health Among Racial and Ethnic Minority College Students." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/334211.
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PsychologyPh.D.
In the US, racial and ethnic minority individuals have higher rates of many psychological and physical health problems than Whites, and the experience of racial discrimination may partially explain these disparate health statistics. Given the harmful nature of discrimination, minority individuals may utilize a number of psychological resources to cope with and diminish the negative impact associated with the experience of discrimination. The current dissertation investigated the impact of modern day, subtle forms of discrimination referred to as microaggressions. Prior research has illustrated that the experience of perceived racism and microaggressions plays an important role in the physical and mental health of ethnic minority individuals. The current study explored subtypes of microaggressions and the rates at which different minority groups experience these microaggressions; the concurrent impact of different microaggressions on psychological health outcomes (i.e., symptoms of anxiety, depression, and substance use); the moderating role of coping strategies (i.e., ethnic identity formation, social support) on the relation between the experience of specific microaggressions and psychological health; potential racial or ethnic differences related to main effects of microaggressions on psychological health; and significant interactions between the potential moderators (i.e., racial identity formation and social support) and the experience of microaggressions. Results of the present study indicate that first, minority individuals report experiencing significantly more microaggressions than non-minority participants. Additionally, the experience of microaggressions varied by minority group identification. Second, the experience of microaggressions was associated with higher rates of problematic alcohol use, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. Third, aspects of racial/ethnic identity formation and social support were associated with lower rates of problematic alcohol use (but not anger or anxiety or depressive symptoms) among individuals who experienced microaggressions, suggesting a potential buffering effect of these moderators Finally, some racial differences in the correlation between these moderating variables and microaggression variables were found, which suggests that there are likely racial differences in the way that racial/ethnic identity formation and social support can be protective. Future research is needed to increase understanding of racial and ethnic differences in the protective nature of identity formation, social support, and other potential coping strategies. Clinical implications are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Matthie, Nadine. "Sickle Cell Disease: The Role of Self-Care Management." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4538.
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the United States. Approximately 90% of the hospitalizations in this patient population occur due to the most common complication, pain crises. Prevention of these crises is therefore essential and requires the patient to assume an active role in his or her disease management. Studies suggest that further research is needed to examine the self-care management process and to identify factors influencing self-care behaviors. The relationships among these factors must be clearly defined before interventions to improve self-care management can be determined. The aims of the study were threefold. The first aim was to evaluate the relationships among psychosocial variables (SCD self-efficacy and social support) and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, employment status, income, and living situation) in understanding individual differences in self-care management variables (perceived self-care ability and self-care actions). It was hypothesized that higher SCD self-efficacy, greater social support, being employed, living with family or friends, increased age, more years of education, higher income, and being male are each associated with having higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions. The second aim was to evaluate the relationships among psychosocial variables (SCD self-efficacy and social support), socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, employment status, income, and living situation), and self-care management variables (perceived self-care ability and self-care actions) in understanding hospital visits for crises. It was hypothesized that higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions are associated with fewer hospital visits for crises. The third aim was to evaluate the mediational role of perceived self-care ability and self-care actions in the relationships among psychosocial variables (SCD self-efficacy and social support), socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, employment status, income, and living situation), and the number of hospital visits for crises. It was hypothesized that SCD self-efficacy, social support, and the socio-demographic variables have both a direct and an indirect relationship with the number of hospital visits for crises. In 103 young Black adults (ages 18-30) with sickle cell disease (SCD), an exploratory , correlational study was conducted, via secondary analysis of data, to examine the relationships among SCD self-efficacy, social support, socio-demographic variables, self-care management (self-care ability and self-care actions), and the number of hospital visits for crises. Bivariate correlations and regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships among the variables and to examine the mediational role of self-care management. Sickle cell disease self-efficacy, social support, years of education, and income were significantly related to perceived self-care ability and self-care actions. Social support accounted for the majority of the variance in each self-care management variable. The hypothesis that higher SCD self-efficacy and greater social support are associated with higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions was supported. Education was also associated with higher perceived self-care ability and self-care actions as hypothesized. The overall model with SCD self-efficacy, social support, years of education, income, perceived self-care ability, and self-care actions was not significant in predicting the number of hospital visits for crises. There were no significant associations noted among age, annual household income, living situation, employment status, and the self-care management variables. The hypothesis that higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions are associated with fewer hospital visits for crises was not supported. Further, there was no adequate evidence to support a direct relationship between SCD self-efficacy, social support, years of education, and the number of hospital visits for crises. The indirect relationship, through self-care management, among the variables was also non-significant. There was however a significant direct relationship noted between income and the number of hospital visits for crises. The outcomes of the study may be important for clinical care, patient education, and health outcomes in the SCD population. Findings may be used to conduct larger confirmatory studies and to develop interventions that may be used to supplement therapy in the clinical setting and to enhance patient self-care management at home. Additional studies are needed, however, to clarify what additional variables may affect the number of hospital visits for crises and to identify specific pain prevention and management strategies used by SCD patients.
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McCleery, Amanda. "PATHWAYS TO FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: CONTRIBUTIONS OF NEUROCOGNITION AND SOCIAL COGNITION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1338234028.
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Shultz, Robin S. "Getting to the Bottom of Anxiety| Using Bowen Family Systems Concepts to Examine the Impact of Family Interaction Patterns on a Child's Academic and Social/Emotional Functioning at School." Thesis, Aurora University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10837976.
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The Bowen Family Systems concept Fusion with Others was found to be the most significant predictor of children’s demonstration of anxiety based on parent’s reports, accounting for approximately 22% of the variation in anxiety ratings. Both parent Emotional Cutoff and parent Fusion with Others were found to be the most significant predictors of student anxiety in children at school based on their teacher’s reports, accounting for nearly 30% of the variability in teacher’s anxiety ratings. Children’s math performance at school was also found to be significantly associated with parent Emotional Cutoff. This investigation examined relationships between parent’s levels of Differentiation of Self, Emotional Cutoff, Emotional Reactivity, “I” Position, and Fusion with Others, as defined by Bowen Theory, and children’s functioning in reading, math, and in social/emotional competencies demonstrated at school. Twenty-five parents and twenty-five teachers from a Midwestern school district participated in the study. Significant differences between home and school emerged in this investigation in children’s tendencies to avoid contact with others and in their appearances to parents and teachers of sadness or depression, indicating the possible existence of a Child Focus Process as postulated in Bowen Family Systems Theory. Significant similarities were found between home and school in children’s tendencies to demonstrate anxious behavior.
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Holt, Melissa P. "Dispositional Mindfulness and Cardiovascular Functioning Under Stress: Predictions of Social Evaluative Stress Reactivity and Recovery." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2764.
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Mindfulness – a receptive attentiveness to present experience – has been shown to promote more adaptive emotion regulation (Brown et al. 2008). Additionally, dispositional mindfulness has been shown to predict reduced cortisol response to social stressors (Brown et al, in press) and mindfulness training has been shown to promote more adaptive cardiac functioning at rest (Ditto et al., 2006; Tang et al., 2009; Telles et al., 2005; Zeidan et al., 2010) and in response to social stressors (Kemeny et al., 2012). To better understand the regulatory potential of a mindful disposition on cardiovascular functioning in healthy adult participants (N = 63), the study examined the role of dispositional mindfulness in predicting cardiovascular responses to a laboratory social evaluative threat called the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST; Kirschbaum, et al., 1993). Repeated measures multilevel linear modeling tested main effects of a mindful disposition on a variety of cardiovascular outcomes as well as interactive effects between mindfulness and time on these outcomes. Results showed that mindfulness predicted increased heart rate variability (HRV) across the time span, from baseline to recovery. There were also interactions between mindfulness and time on several dependent variables. Specifically, higher mindfulness predicted decreased heart rate reactivity during the TSST, faster recovery in total HRV, as well as reduced rebound effects during the initial recovery phase for high frequency HRV, low frequency HRV, and the LF/HF ratio. These results, however, were not significant above and beyond the significant relations between rumination, depressive symptoms, and trait anxiety and cardiovascular function. The results lend support to the stress-related regulatory potential of mindfulness, and suggest that this quality of attention may enhance cardiovascular functioning under stress. Further research is needed to examine how mindfulness may buffer the role of such vulnerability factors as rumination, depressive symptoms, and anxiety in predicting stress-related cardiovascular responses to social stress.
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Becker, Stephen P. "Social Information Processing, Comorbid Mental Health Symptoms, and Peer Isolation among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1400676074.
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Gebreselassie, Eyesus. "An investigation of the impact of the 2008/2009 economic recession on NGO sustainability and functioning: A South African perspective across the Social Service, Health and Education sectors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11821.
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The most recent economic recession severely challenged civil society organisations and the communities they served. A survey was conducted during 2010 to measure the impact of the 2008/2009 financial crisis on sustainability and functioning of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in South Africa and to determine how organisations reacted to this challenge.
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INGRAM, KELLIE E. "TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF A CLINIC BASED CONVERSATION SKILLS GROUP TRAINING PROGRAM PRE AND POST INTERVENTION ON CHILDREN WITH HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM/ASPERGER SYNDROME." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179469570.
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Heinze, Kareen. "Clinical symptoms, social and role functioning, longer-term cortisol levels, and brain activation during working memory and rest in the early stages of mental health problems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6708/.
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Mental disorders are associated with a range of neurobiological abnormalities, including hormonal disturbances and brain changes. This thesis looked at the early stages of mental disorders in general, and specifically at the ultra-high risk state for psychosis. 73 help-seeking youths aged 16-26 years were interviewed for clinical symptomatology and functioning, and followed up after 3 and 6 months. Neurobiological assessments were additionally undertaken in a subset of those clinical participants (n = 35), and healthy controls (HC, n = 35), involving hair cortisol analyses, and brain imaging during working memory processes and rest. Significantly increased hair cortisol levels, and brain hypo-activation during working memory processes and subtly decreased resting-state brain connectivity were discovered in clinical participants as compared to HC. Early mental health problems appear to have some neurobiological manifestations, however, larger cohort studies with multiple follow-up assessments over an extended time period are needed to replicate findings and to draw firm conclusions addressing clinical practice.
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Pozneanscaia, Cristina. "The Effects of Mindfulness-based Interventions on Functioning of Children and Youth with ADHD : A Systematic Literature Review." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43848.
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Background: Given the incomplete benefits of the pharmacological therapy for ADHD and its over-prescription in children over the last decades, there is an explicit need for alternative treatments. Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBIs) are a family of emergent self-regulation practices including meditation, yoga and body-awareness exercises, found to be an effective therapy for ADHD. Due to poor methodological design and significant risk of bias across studies, mindfulness approach remains an investigational treatment. Aim: This systematic review sought to identify and critically appraise the evidence on the functioning outcomes of MBIs in children and youth with ADHD. Method: The literature search was conducted in 7 databases for psychology and social sciences to identify controlled trials – randomized- and non-randomized, evaluating MBIs published in peer-reviewed journal in English between 2000-2019. Only studies focusing on children and youth aged 7-18 years with documented ADHD symptoms were considered for inclusion. Results: Six controlled trials were included and analysed. Meditation, breathing techniques, self-awareness and yoga exercises were the most common activities implemented across the 6 studies. Significant reduction of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms; and improvements of sustained attention, working memory and emotional regulation were reported across studies, with small to large effect size. Conclusion: Despite the limitations, MBIs do prove to be an effective complementary treatment for reduction of the core ADHD symptoms and improvement of executive functioning (EF). Further research is needed to elucidate how these interventions improve social functioning and participation of children and youth with ADHD, which would enable a wider implementation of these practices at the community level.
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Mukinda, Fidele Kanyimbu. "Forms and Functioning of Local Accountability Mechanisms for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: A Case Study of Gert Sibande District, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8276.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe value of accountability as a key feature of strengthening health systems and reducing maternal, newborn and child mortality is increasingly emphasised globally, nationally and locally. Frontline health professionals and managers play a crucial role in promoting maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) services in an equitable and accountable manner. They are at the interface between higher-level health system management and communities, facing demands from both sides and often expected to perform beyond their available means. Although accountability is a central topic in the governance of MNCH literature, it has mostly been approached at global and national levels, with little understanding of how accountability is integrated into the routine functioning of local health systems. This PhD explores the forms and functioning of accountability at the district level focusing on MNCH as a programmatic area with long-established institutional mechanisms (structures and processes) in South Africa (SA). The thesis is presented in the form of four empirical papers (published or submitted), exploring different dimensions of accountability, which are embedded in a series of narrative chapters. In this thesis, accountability is understood as a set of relations between an accountholder and ‘accountor’ (or duty bearer), in which the latter provides information or justification for actions or decisions taken, and faces the resulting consequences of his/her actions (reward or sanction). Accountability mechanisms are the means to regulate accountability relationships and include broad strategies, interventions or instruments. These mechanisms can take various forms including performance, financial and public accountability, and operate both vertically (accountability inside bureaucratic hierarchies, or towards external stakeholders and/or the community), or horizontally (between peers, ‘neighbour’ units, departments or ministries in a national health system). Drawing conceptually on the field of governance and considering the complexity of the accountability phenomenon, I adopted a case study approach to the PhD research, using a combination of policy document review, interviews (with managers, providers, community representatives and members of labour unions) and field observations, conducted iteratively over 16 months. The study was conducted in Gert Sibande District, one of the three South African health districts in Mpumalanga Province, with an in-depth focus on two of the seven sub-districts in the District. The research found that frontline health professionals have a clear understanding and conceptualisation of accountability in the SA health policy context, despite the reported inability to define accountability by health professionals described in the literature. Respondents referred to accountability as responsibility, answerability and virtue, and also argued for strengthening accountability mechanisms as critical to addressing maternal and child mortality. While deeming accountability as important, frontline professionals experienced the existing accountability mechanisms as ‘too much’ and indicated the desire for the streamlining of existing mechanisms. In this regard, the study documented numerous mechanisms at district level, almost all related to performance accountability in MNCH. These included a performance management system, quality assessment and accreditation processes, quarterly reviews, and death surveillance and response processes. The existence of multiple and overlapping accountability mechanisms engenders operational confusion and ‘accountability overload’ for frontline providers, encouraging empty bureaucratic compliance, while critical gaps – notably in community accountability – remain. In practice, at their best, some mechanisms operate following a reciprocal1 pathway of capacity building with resource provision (from management) and expectation for better performance (from providers). There were, however, contextual variations in the implementation and practice of the mechanisms between sub-district settings. The fieldwork observations and interviews were also able to document how formal institutionalised mechanisms are embedded within a complex system of informal accountability relationships and social norms (‘accountability ecosystem’) that enables or constrains the ability of frontline professionals to fulfil their tasks. In addition, using a Social Network Analysis approach, the research identified key actors and their involved network, which form the relational backdrop to the functioning of accountability mechanisms for MNCH. By revealing complex relationships and collaboration patterns among frontline health professionals, the study was able to show the multi-level action and multiple actors required to achieve MNCH goals.
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Smith, Allison Dawn Breit. "Effects of a Clinic-Based Conversation Skills Group Training Program on Children with High Functioning Autism/Asperger Syndrome." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1185377565.
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Smith, Brianna. "Assessing the relationship between resting autonomic nervous system functioning, social anxiety, and emotional autobiographical memory retrieval." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108097.
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Thesis advisor: Elizabeth KensingerIndividuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) tend to have emotional memory biases in the encoding and retrieval of social memories. Research has shown reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in clinical populations suffering from anxiety, including social anxiety. Heightened sympathetic activation—as measured by the electrodermal activity (EDA)—has also been associated with anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between HRV, social anxiety, and re-experiencing of emotional autobiographical memories. 44 healthy young adults were recruited from the Boston College campus through SONA. Participants were given an online survey that instructed them to retrieve 40 specific events from the past in response to 40 socially relevant cues. For each event, participants were instructed to provide a brief narrative, make several ratings for the event (on a scale from 1-7), and indicate the specific emotions they experienced both at the time of retrieval and of the event. Approximately one month after the completion of the memory survey, participants engaged in a 2-hour memory retrieval session while undergoing psychophysiological monitoring (heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration). Following the retrieval task, participants completed self-report questionnaires of social anxiety symptom severity and trait emotion regulation strategy (i.e., tendency to reappraise or suppress emotions). The present study found that positive memories had higher re-experiencing ratings as compared to negative memories. Contrary to the original study hypothesis, however, there was no significant interaction between average re-experiencing (or arousal) ratings of positive or negative social autobiographical memories and SAD likelihood. A nonlinear, cubic relationship was found between one of three metrics of HRV and social anxiety symptom severity. A significant effect was found between skin conductance and SAD likelihood, which was likely driven by an almost significance difference in skin conductance between the SAD unlikely and the SAD very probable groups; these findings provide further insight into the relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning and social anxiety. Further, the present results suggest the intriguing possibility that there may be a nonlinear relationship between HRV and severity of social anxiety. Future research with a larger sample size is needed to corroborate these findings
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Psychology
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Fago, Felicia J. "Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Pre-adoption Placement on School-age Functioning of Intercountry-Adopted Children." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333558274.
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Komane, Florence Keitumetse. "The Impact of working as a bus driver on women‘s health, workplace relationships and family functioning : the experiences of black female bus drivers in Tshwane, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37359.
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The post-apartheid government of the Republic of South Africa implemented new policies to promote equality in the workplace, in terms of both race and gender. As a result, more women are entering the labour market and working as bus drivers; an environment that is highly dominated by men. However, since occupations are historically sex-segregated, the bus driving industry is dominated by men. This set of circumstances therefore challenge women who choose bus driving as a career, for it is regarded as a male profession. This study focuses on one aspect of public transport in South Africa, with a specific focus on female bus drivers. The aim of the research is to explore the experiences of female bus drivers in Tshwane, South Africa in terms of how they deal with the challenges they are faced within the industry. The primary concern of the study is on the impact of their chosen career on their general well-being which is described as workplace relationships, occupational health and family-work balance. It further looks at the driving forces behind these women‘s choice to join the bus industry. Since women were traditionally based in the private sphere (family), the study then looks at how these women have adjusted to the working environment outside of their homes. Moreover, it looks at the relationships these women have with their managers, colleagues and passengers.
A total number of sixteen female bus drivers participated in the study. Findings show that the incorporation of women in the bus driving industry has been a challenging one. It has been challenging especially for women as they are prejudged by the majority of people as being incapable of operating buses and as a result, they are faced with hostility. Some of the factors contributing to hostility towards female bus drivers are cultural beliefs, unemployment, competition and age differences. There are also other factors that influenced a shift over time from a negative perception to a more positive perception of female bus drivers over time such as female drivers‘ abilities and capabilities to drive. Due to the working conditions of bus drivers, female bus drivers reported having psychological, sleeping and muscular-skeletal problems. Additionally, balancing work and family life has proven to be difficult for many female bus drivers.Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Sociology
unrestricted
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Amer, Mona M. "Arab American Mental Health in the Post September 11 Era: Acculturation, Stress, and Coping." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1115395141.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2005.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology." "A dissertation entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 211-241.
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Colby, Jason Wayne. "The effects of housing on the biological, psychological, and sociological functioning of homeless persons with Human Immuno Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2379.
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The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of housing services on the bio-psycho-social functioning of homeless persons with HIV/AIDS. Ideally, taking a homeless person with HIV/AIDS and returning them to a healthy state would be a goal of any social service intervention.
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Eriksson, Kristina, and Lotta Ericsson. "Implementering av Klassifikation av funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa (ICF) inom kommunal äldre- och handikappomsorg : en deskriptiv studie av åtta kommuners införande och användande av ICF." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22920.
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Abstract: Syfte: Att beskriva hur kommunernas äldre- och handikappomsorg infört och använder sig av ICF. Metod: Semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med representanter för åtta svenska kommuner. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys, Resultat: Resultatet redovisas under två teman. Ett tema handlar om hur kommuner infört ICF i kommunernas äldre- och handikappomsorg, med kategorierna införande i journalstruktur och införande av tankemodell. Ett tema handlar om hur kommunerna använder ICF i kommunernas äldre- och handikappomsorg. Kategorierna under det temat är användning i journalstruktur, användning av tankemodell och problem och utvecklingsbehov. Två olika typer av införande och användningssätt av ICF inom kommunernas äldre- och handikappomsorg framkom i studien. Införandet initieras ofta av medicinskt ansvarig för rehabilitering (MAR) eller medicinskt ansvarig sjuksköterska (MAS) och startar vanligtvis i projektform för båda arbetssätten. Två av kommunerna använder sig mest av den första delen i den svenska versionen av ICF, som handlar om ICF:s tankemodell och sex komponenter, för att göra en brukarnära kartläggning och formulera beslutsunderlag. I de övriga sex kommunerna används ICF:s komponenter och klassifikationer som sökord i journalsystemens sökordsträd. Diskussion: Studien visar att delaktighet, friskperspektiv och helhetssyn inte är något som automatiskt följer med när ICF införs. Det framstår som om användningen kräver mer utbildning om, och mera bearbetning av ICF än vad kommunerna hade trott från början. Det framgår tydligt av studien att arbetsterapeuter har lättare att ta till sig tankesättet medan sjuksköterskor har betydligt svårare. Eftersom ICF är på stark frammarsch så behöver inslagen av ICF öka i alla vårdutbildningar. Sökord: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Äldreomsorg, Arbetsterapi, Hälsa, Social omsorg
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Adams, Rebekah D. "Strong communities, strong families: an examination of the association of community functioning with psychological resilience, psychopathology, and family outcomes in active duty Air Force members." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15080.
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Doctor of PhilosophySchool of Family Studies and Human Services
Jared R. Anderson
Using a representative sample of married, active duty Air Force service members (N= 29,254), a theoretical model of community functioning was tested to examine the association between community functioning and three family outcomes (i.e., parent-child relationship satisfaction, family coping, and marital satisfaction). Tests of indirect relationships included measures of psychological resilience, depression, and PTSD, while rank and gender were examined as potential moderators. Results using structural equation modeling indicated that there was a direct, positive relationship between community functioning and all three family outcome variables and an indirect relationship through both psychological resilience and depression. In addition, there was a direct, negative relationship between community functioning and depression, as well as an indirect relationship through psychological resilience. Moderation was supported for rank only. These results demonstrate the importance of community functioning and resilience as they relate to service member’s mental health and family relationships. They suggest a potential framework in which community functioning and resilience may lead to reductions in individual and family risk factors.
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Greenberger, Hilary Beth. "Influences on Health Related Quality of Life in Community Dwelling Adults Aged 60 Years and Over." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1638.
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Olds, Kelley Yvette. "Lived Experiences of School Counselors Who Address Mental Health Needs Through Evidenced-based Educational Programs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4954.
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The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of school counselors who address the mental health needs of students through at least one of the following educational evidenced-based programs: Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports, Response to Intervention, Restorative Practices, and Student Assistance Program. EBPs have evolved as a staple of quality educational programming with a focus on best practices, data, and accountability. Over the past several decades, school counselors have struggled to demonstrate efficiency, accountability, and transparency consistently in counseling outcomes (Generali, Foss-Kelly, & McNamara, 2013). Recent literature in school counseling embraces the movement toward evidenced based practices to urge counselors to demonstrate their capacity for leadership, advocacy, and accountability (Cressey, Whitcomb, McGilvray-Rivet, Morrison, & Shander-Reynolds, 2014; Goodman-Scott, Betters-Bubon, & Donohue, 2015). Six significant themes emerged through data analysis: 1) Cultivating advocacy and leadership skills; 2) Recognizing benefits of EBP integration; 3) Being frontline in mental health as personal-social domain dominates school counselor role; 4) Collaborating and consulting with school and community stakeholders; 5) Needing supportive environment to promote mental wellness; and 6) Navigating EBP implementation challenges. Findings from this study suggest that promoting mental wellness using EBPs is conducive to address the personal social needs of students. Moreover, the school counselor participants indicated that the EBPs reviewed were valuable school reform models as the EBPs address students’ mental health needs. The findings also suggest that school counselors, as key educational stakeholders, should be included in the discourse of EBP advancement, execution, and assessment.
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Roach, Abbey R. "EXECUTIVE DEFICITS IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS: EXAMINING THE CONSEQUENCES OF SELF-REGULATORY IMPAIRMENT ON QUALITY OF LIFE." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/113.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that attacks the motor system and contributes to a range of cognitive and behavioral impairments (e.g., behavioral and emotional disinhibition, planning and problem solving difficulties, impulsivity, attention, and personality change). This executive dysfunction may contribute to selfregulatory impairment across several domains, including cognitive skills, thought processes, emotion regulation, interpersonal skills, and physiology, that may be crucial to the quality of life (QOL), or well being, of patients and their caregivers. Given the relentless course and prognosis of ALS, palliative treatments for ALS should target the full range of self-regulatory deficits. Thirty-seven patient-caregiver pairs completed questionnaires regarding the patients’ ability to regulate emotions, social behavior, and thought patterns. Patients also completed neuropsychological measures of executive functions and provided measures of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) and heart rate variability (HRV). Results suggest that SR and EF deficits exist on a continuum in ALS, such that some patients evidence adequate or superior ability to self-regulate while others evidence deficits. Patient- caregiver agreement about patients’ selfregulatory capacity across domains was generally weak to moderate. Patients perceived themselves to have less capacity for global regulation than caregivers perceived them to have, patients perceived less dyadic cohesion than caregivers, and patients perceived themselves to ruminate more than caregivers indicated. Overall, caregivers tended to perceive a more pervasive pattern of deficits compared to patients. Additionally, measures of SR and EF were not strongly inter-correlated in general, challenging the idea that SR in different domains depends on a common resource. Accordingly, correlations among measures of theoretically similar constructs (i.e., EF and SR) were small to moderate in magnitude and non-significant. With regard to physiological functioning, when patients had better regulated glucose (A1c), patients and caregivers perceived better global regulation. A similar pattern emerged with patient ratings, with higher baseline HRV linked to less emotional lability. Last, mixed results were obtained when predicting patient and caregiver QOL. Less rumination, less dyadic cohesion and more social anxiety were associated with higher QOL for patients. Caregivers’ QOL was not significantly related to their perceptions of patients’ self-regulatory capacity in any area.
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Massatti, Richard Roland. "The Spatial Relationships among Neurotoxicant Exposure, Child Admissions, and Mental Health Assessment Scores: How do they Interact in the State of Ohio?" The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365542600.
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Correia, Viviane Duarte. "Avaliação social baseada na classificação internacional de funcionalidade, incapacidade e saúde em crianças com paralisia cerebral." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17758.
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Previous issue date: 2015-10-05The Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common cause of severe disability in childhood. Understand the circumstances in with the children with CP live is one of the premises treated in the World Report s recommendations on Disability (2012). Therefore, this study presents an analysis of the social contribution of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in children with Cerebral Plasy. General Purpose: Know the socioeconomic and demographic universes of the children with CP based on the ICF. Specific: Detect environmental and family factors that may affect the rehabilitation process, according to the health domain of ICF; contribute to the theoretical and methodological structure of the practice of social work in rehabilitation teams of people with disabilities. Methodology: This is quantitative, qualitative and descriptive study. The subjects are 25 children and youngs, between 0 and 18 years diagnosed with CP followed by the Physical Medicine and Reabilitation Institute, Lucy Montoro Network, in the units of the southern region of São Paulo city. A family caregiver of each child with CP, was interviewed by two instruments, prepared by the researcher: Socioeconomic and demographic profile of patients with cerebral palsy; and Social Assessment based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results: The survey revealed that family arrangements could interfere with treatment in children with CP. Families of children with CP, subjects of this study, have lower incomes. The support received is given by the patient s nuclear family. Most of the patients had trouble in social interactions. The housing policy showed the worst indexes, followed by education policy. For transport and health policies, there was intensity variation, however, they were assessed as facilitating the context of life of the patient. Negative attitudes of society had the lowest scores evaluation. Conclusions: The CIF represents an appropriate assessment model to obtains subsidies, that are necessary and sensitive for the analysis of human -social reality, lived by a child with CP. Furthermore, it assists in identifying disabling barriers and allows an analysis on the provision of public services
A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é causa mais comum de deficiência física grave na infância. Compreender as circunstâncias em que vivem as crianças com PC é umas das premissas tratadas nas recomendações do Relatório Mundial sobre a Deficiência (2012). Para tanto, este estudo apresenta uma análise social sobre a contribuição da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) em crianças com PC. Objetivos Geral: Conhecer os universos sócio econômico e demográfico de crianças com PC, com base na CIF. Específicos: Detectar fatores socioambientais e familiares que possam interferir no processo de reabilitação, de acordo com os domínios de saúde da CIF; contribuir para a estruturação teórico-metodológica da prática do Serviço Social nas equipes de reabilitação da pessoa com deficiência. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, qualitativo e descritivo. Tem como sujeitos 25 crianças e jovens, de 0 a 18 anos, diagnosticados com Paralisia Cerebral (PC), em acompanhamento no Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação do HCFMUSP, Rede Lucy Montoro, nas unidades da região sul, do município de São Paulo. Foram entrevistados um familiar cuidador de cada criança, utilizando-se dois instrumentos, elaborados pela própria pesquisadora: Perfil socioeconômico e demográfico dos pacientes com Paralisia Cerebral e Avaliação Social com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. Resultados: A pesquisa revelou que os arranjos familiares podem interferir no tratamento em reabilitação física da criança com PC. As famílias de crianças com PC, objetos deste estudo, têm menores rendas. O apoio recebido é dado, basicamente, pelo núcleo familiar do paciente. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou dificuldades de interações sociais. A política de habitação apresentou os piores índices, seguida da política de educação. Para as políticas de transporte e saúde, houve variação de intensidade, no entanto, foram avaliadas como facilitadores ao contexto de vida do paciente. Atitudes negativas da sociedade obtiveram os piores scores de avaliação. Conclusões: A CIF apresenta um modelo de avaliação apropriado à obtenção de subsídios, necessários e sensíveis à análise da realidade humano-social, vivida pela criança com PC. Outrossim, auxilia na identificação das barreiras incapacitantes e permite uma análise sobre a oferta de serviços públicos na região Sul do município de São Paulo
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Sevo, Goran, and sevo1984@yubc net. "A multidimensional assessment of health and functional status in older Aboriginal Australians from Katherine and Lajamanu, Northern Territory." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20051021.144853.
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Human health is multidimensional: apart from physical, mental, and social aspects, it also
incorporates subjective perceptions of health, and functional status (FS). Given that elderly
persons have very distinctive health and social needs, multidimensional assessment (MA)
of health proves particularly useful in this age group.¶
Aboriginal populations suffer poor health, and there are relatively few studies addressing
the health problems of older Aboriginal Australians, mainly because of their distinctive
demographic structure, and the low proportion of their elderly. Also, there is no prior
information available on MA of health in this Australian population group.¶
This thesis offers a MA of health in older Aboriginal persons from two, urban and
rural/isolated, locations in the NT, Katherine and Lajamanu (the NT survey).¶
This thesis specifically addresses the following questions:
- what is the physical health, FS, subjective perception of health, and social
functioning amongst the NT survey participants?
- what are the possible similarities and differences in various dimensions of health
between the two major survey locations, what age and gender patterns are
observed, and what are the reasons for these patterns, similarities and
differences?
- how do various dimensions of health relate to each other, and why?
- how do current findings relate to broader Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal
populations, and why?
- what can MA add to a better understanding of various aspects of morbidity and
health care use?
- what are its possible implications for health planning?¶
Findings from this work indicate poor physical health amongst participants in almost all
investigated aspects, comparable to information available from other Aboriginal
populations. These are accompanied by low levels of ability for physical functioning. Despite this, subjective perception of health is rather optimistic amongst participants, and
levels of social functioning high. Use of health services is mainly related to available health
infrastructure. Important health differences exist between Katherine and Lajamanu, and
they became particularly visible when all dimensions of health are considered together.¶
The Main conclusions from the current work are that 1) poor physical health is not
necessarily accompanied by similar level of deterioration in other dimensions of health:
even though participants from the isolated community of Lajamanu experience most
chronic diseases, their ability for physical functioning is better, self-perceived health (SPH)
more optimistic and levels of social functioning highest 2) institutionalised participants from
Katherine suffer by far the worst health of all sample segments in this study; at least some
of the poor health outcomes are potentially avoidable, and could be improved by more
appropriate residential choices for Aboriginal elderly 3) better health infrastructure does
not necessarily bring better health in all its dimensions, suggesting that other factors
(primarily socio-economic and cultural) should be addressed in conjunction with this in
solving complex health problems of Aboriginal Australians, and 4) it provides strong
support that MA can become a useful tool in comprehensive health assessment of older
Aboriginals.