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Journal articles on the topic 'Health and Safety aspects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shaw, Mary. "Legal Aspects of Health and Safety – Second editionLegal Aspects of Health and Safety – Second edition." Nursing Standard 26, no. 11 (November 16, 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.11.26.11.30.b1285.

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2

Dimond, B. "Legal Aspects of Health and Safety." Occupational Medicine 62, no. 5 (July 4, 2012): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs054.

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3

Clarke, E. A., and R. Anliker. "Safety in Use of Organic Colorants: Health and Safety Aspects." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 14, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1984.tb00048.x.

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4

Easmon, Charlie. "Health and safety aspects of business travel." Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 122, no. 1 (March 2002): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642400212200104.

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5

NARAYAN, S., and A. RAMAMURTHY. "Health and Safety Aspects of Beryllium Operations." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 14, no. 1 (January 1995): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509408914115.

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6

Weaver, Dawn. "Aspects of health and safety in the workplace." Nursing and Residential Care 5, no. 9 (September 2003): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2003.5.9.11659.

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7

Clarke, E. A., and D. Steinle. "Health and environmental safety aspects of organic colorants." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 25, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1995.tb00098.x.

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8

Dalsgaard, Anders. "Editorial: Wastewater use - food safety and health aspects." Tropical Medicine & International Health 12 (November 14, 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01965.x.

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9

Singh, Ajay Kumar, Ashutosh Gautam, and Nihalanwar Siddiqui. "Aspects of environment, health and safety at construction." Environment Conservation Journal 14, no. 1&2 (June 16, 2013): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.141218.

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The largest segment of workforce in the country belongs to the unorganized sector. The Planning Commission set up a working Group which identified seven sectors namely- agriculture, construction, shops and establishments , beedi and cigar manufacturing , homework, eating places and waste management, as most common in un-organized sector out of which the construction sector is most important. Present paper is an attempt to evaluate the Environmental and Safety aspects of construction sites in India.

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10

Persson, Bertil R. R., and Freddy Ståhlberg. "Safety Aspects of Magnetic Resonance Examinations." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 1, no. 3 (July 1985): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300001549.

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In a standard whole-body NMR-scanning machine, the static magnetic field is generated by an electric current driven through large solenoid coils. Dynamic magnetic gradient fields are generated by electric current pulses in coils located at various orientations, thus producing magnetic gradients inx, y, andzdirections. The Rf (radiofrequency) radiation is transmitted through a specially shaped coil which also serves as an antenna receiving the NMR signals.

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11

Tilburg, Christopher Van. "Backcountry snowboarding: medical and safety aspects." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 7, no. 3 (August 1996): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0225:bsmasa]2.3.co;2.

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12

Marzoque, Hercules José, Renan Fernandes da Cunha, Clara Mariana Gonçalves Lima, Rafael Leite Nogueira, Vinícius Expedito de Andrade Machado, and Irenilza De Alencar Nääs. "Work Safety in slaughterhouses: general aspects." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): e55310111980. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11980.

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This study aimed at carrying out the characteristics existing in slaughterhouses work scenarios, taking into account the aspects that corroborate to ensure employees' health conditions, such as physical, chemical, biological risks, and, mainly, ergonomic. It is noted that the slaughterhouses have several changes that compromise the physical conditions of those who provide practical actions in these service spaces. The data from this research are seasoned due to issues involving ergonomic aspects such as Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) and temperature, humidity, risky materials, noise, extensive workloads, among other factors that compromise, significantly, the health of employees. In short, the scenarios lack changes and improvements in conditions of caring for the well-being of employees, as well as envisioning the need to ensure conditions for improving their materials, proposing a complementation in the training of their workers.

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13

Irimie, Sabina, Rares Munteanu, Mihaela Ghicajanu, and Laura Marica. "Aspects of the Safety and Health at the Workplace." Procedia Economics and Finance 23 (2015): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00390-1.

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14

Cahill, Janet. "Psychosocial aspects of interventions in occupational safety and health." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 29, no. 4 (April 1996): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199604)29:4<308::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-k.

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15

Cardoso, Bárbara R., Graziela B. Silva Duarte, Bruna Z. Reis, and Silvia M. F. Cozzolino. "Brazil nuts: Nutritional composition, health benefits and safety aspects." Food Research International 100 (October 2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.036.

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16

József Fenyvessy. "Some aspects of food safety from animal origin." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2514.

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The relationship between the civilisation illnesses and incorrect nutrition can be considered as demonstrated. The functional foods having one or several nutritional- biological advantage can contribute to the healthy nutrition and to improving the quality of life. Beside the healthy nutrition it is an another important requirement that the food does not contain pathogens or substances of chemical and biological origin namely it has to be safe. In this publication the foods of animal origin were investigated in the point of view of public health hazards arising during their production and processing.The contamination and infection of food raw materials, the consequence of chemical substances getting in or developing it the food, the judgement of food deviring from genetically modified or cloned animals are discussed.

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17

Boldsen, Jesper L., Bernard Jeune, and Paul C. Madsen. "Aspects of comfort and safety of condom." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 20, no. 4 (December 1992): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349489202000410.

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18

Ungureanu, Nicolae Stelian, Dinu Daraba, and Roland Iosif Moraru. "Health And Safety In Maintenance Activities." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2015-0052.

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Abstract The paper examines some aspects of health and safety at work in maintenance activities. It was analysed the occurrence of accidents, statistically, in maintenance work. There have been identified a number of causes of accidents and there have been proposed some measures to reduce them.

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19

Haffner, Marlene E. "Unique Aspects of Orphan Drug Safety." Drug Information Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1994): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286159402800223.

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20

Jovetić, Milica S., Azra S. Redžepović, Nebojša M. Nedić, Denis Vojt, Slađana Z. Đurđić, Ilija D. Brčeski, and Dušanka M. Milojković-Opsenica. "Urban honey - the aspects of its safety." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3126.

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AbstractTo contribute to the development of urban beekeeping, we designed this study to obtain more information about the contamination of urban bee products with toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. The samples of honey (N=23), pollen (N=13), and floral nectar (N=6) were collected from the experimental stationary apiary of the Belgrade University Faculty of Agriculture located in centre of Zemun (a municipality of the Belgrade metropolitan area) in 2015 and 2016. Metals (Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Hg) were determined with inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Pesticides were analysed with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The honey samples were generally within the European and Serbian regulatory limits. The levels of all the 123 analysed pesticides were below the limit of quantification (LOQ). Regarding PAH levels in honey, the highest content was found for naphthalene. The elevated levels of Hg and Cr and of PAHs in the pollen samples indicated air pollution. Pesticide residues in pollen, however, were below the LOQ. In nectar, metal levels were relatively similar to those in honey. Our results suggest that the investigated urban honey meets the regulatory requirements for metals, PAHs, and pesticides and is therefore safe for consumption.

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21

Kozień, Ewa, and Adam Kozień. "Institutional Aspects of Health and Safety at Work in Poland." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0031.

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AbstractHealth and safety at work have their legal basis in international and Polish law – source of law currently valid in Poland. For efficiently functioning system of health and safety at work it is necessary to build appropriate institutional environment. The purpose of the article is to analyse the institutional system of health and safety at work in Poland based on source of law currently valid in Poland and forming remarks de lege lata and de lege ferenda in this scope.

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22

Paplicki, Mateusz, Robert Susło, Karol Dopierała, and Jarosław Drobnik. "Systemic aspects of securing the health safety of the elderly." Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 20, no. 3 (2018): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2018.78272.

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23

Jones, Peter, and Dylan MacKay. "Safety, Health, and Methodological Aspects of Plant Sterols and Stanols." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge_jones_intro.

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24

Bouwmeester, Hans, Susan Dekkers, Maryvon Y. Noordam, Werner I. Hagens, Astrid S. Bulder, Cees de Heer, Sandra E. C. G. ten Voorde, Susan W. P. Wijnhoven, Hans J. P. Marvin, and Adriënne J. A. M. Sips. "Review of health safety aspects of nanotechnologies in food production." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 53, no. 1 (February 2009): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.10.008.

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25

Scott, Joanne. "Nuclear Health and Safety: Legal Aspects of the Euratom Treaty." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 5, no. 3 (September 1996): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1996.tb00279.x.

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26

Solaß, Wiebke, Urs Giger-Pabst, Jürgen Zieren, and Marc A. Reymond. "Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC): Occupational Health and Safety Aspects." Annals of Surgical Oncology 20, no. 11 (June 14, 2013): 3504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-013-3039-x.

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27

Vilkman, Erkki. "Occupational Safety and Health Aspects of Voice and Speech Professions." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 56, no. 4 (2004): 220–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000078344.

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28

Hancock, Bryan. "Health and safety aspects of flexo gravure food‐ packaging inks." Pigment & Resin Technology 26, no. 2 (April 1997): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699429710161697.

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29

Watawana, Mindani I., Nilakshi Jayawardena, Chaminie B. Gunawardhana, and Viduranga Y. Waisundara. "Health, Wellness, and Safety Aspects of the Consumption of Kombucha." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/591869.

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Functional foods have been identified as whole foods and fortified, enriched, or enhanced products which have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis, at effective levels. As consumer awareness on functional food escalates, the interest towards conducting scientific studies in this field has also proportionately increased. Many of the traditional food products are known to possess bioactive components, thus qualifying as functional food. Kombucha tea is produced by fermenting sugared black tea with a mixed culture of yeast and bacteria. Kombucha tea has gained immense popularity in recent times due to many associated health benefits. The therapeutic effects of this beverage are thought to be derived from the chemical composition of this beverage, mainly the polyphenols and secondary metabolites which are produced during fermentation. However, the safety aspects of the beverage also need to be taken into account when qualifying the beverage as a functional food. Nevertheless, Kombucha tea could be easily recognized as a beverage which is able to replace the consumption of carbonated beverages due to its possession of health benefits and therapeutic properties.

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30

Hewstone, R. K. "Health, safety and environmental aspects of used crankcase lubricating oils." Science of The Total Environment 156, no. 3 (December 1994): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90192-9.

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31

Dunbar, Geoffrey. "Aspects of tolerability and safety for paroxetine." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 46, sup27 (January 1992): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039489209101160.

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32

Guillod, Olivier. "Medical error disclosure and patient safety: legal aspects." Journal of Public Health Research 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2013.e31.

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<p>Reducing the number of preventable adverse events has become a public health issue. The paper discusses in which ways the law can contribute to that goal, especially by encouraging a culture of safety among healthcare professionals. It assesses the need or the usefulness to pass so-called <em>disclosure laws </em>and <em>apology laws</em>, to adopt mandatory but strictly confidential Critical Incidents Reporting Systems in hospitals, to change the fault-based system of medical liability or to amend the rules on criminal liability. The paper eventually calls for adding the law to the present agenda of patient safety.</p>

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33

Lapteva, Ekaterina S., and Marina R. Tsutsunava. "Current aspects of the safety hospital environment." Russian Family Doctor 21, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd2017338-44.

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When providing medical assistance either in terms of the medical institution or outside, there are always certain risks posing a threat to the patients and personnel health. According to the patients opinions, those risks are linked closely to medical practitioners professionalism level, their compliance with disinfection and sterilization regimes, proper hands decontamination, wearing gloves, availability of the disposable sterile equipment / instruments. Other studies found evidence of it in terms of health care setting and, specifically, indicate violation of the hospital hygiene and epidemiology standards, disinfection being carried out manually using the working disinfectant solutions, “human factor” demonstrating through non-compliance with the disinfectant application regimes. Only about one-third of the medical workers showed satisfactory knowledge on hand hygiene. All these problems mentioned and others require to explore conceptual framework of the educational program “Safe hospital environment” which is taught to the medical students and are supposed to be reviewed annually and updated accordingly, taking into account the latest scientific achievements. This article provides an overview of a new concept of “Safe hospital environment” as the educational module, included in the nursing discipline “Training for developing Basic Professional Skills, including Basic Skills in Scientific Research”. Discipline is studied by the first level medical students.

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34

Nutt, David J. "Tolerability and safety aspects of mirtazapine." Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 17, S1 (2002): S37—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.388.

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35

Adamchuk, T. V., S. M. Kuzminskiy, and Т. О. Shchutska. "Health risks and legal aspects of non-alcoholic drinks safe consumption." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 52, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2020-52-1-26-31.

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Objective of the Work. Conduct an analysis of the safety studies of the major energy drink components carried out by various international scientific institutions. Compare European and Ukrainian legislation on the regulation of safe energy drink consumption. Methods and Materials. Analysis of scientific literature, as well as European and Ukrainian regulations on the safety and regulation of energy drinks. Results and Discussion. Non-alcoholic beverage is one that, due to its special component, activates the physiological functions of the human body. Its main components are caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, ginseng extracts, guarana and vitamin B complex. Caffeine safety assessment has been carried out by many scientific organizations. In 1991, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that caffeine was not classified as a human carcinogen. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has conducted a comprehensive and in-depth study on the safety of caffeine. The main findings of this study are: single doses of caffeine up to 200 mg (about 3 mg / kg body weight for an adult weighing 70 kg) do not cause safety concerns, regular caffeine intake up to 400 mg per day does not cause safety concerns for nonpregnant adults, regular caffeine intake of up to 200 mg daily by pregnant women does not cause fetal safety concerns, breastfeeding women do not raise infant safety concerns; for adolescents, caffeine intake in amounts that do not cause fears for adult caffeine intake (3 mg / kg body weight per day) may serve as a basis for determining safe single doses of caffeine and its daily intake, other components of energy drinks in concentrations typical of such drinks (about 300-320, 4000 and 2400 mg / l of caffeine, taurine and D-glucuronyl-γ-lactone, respectively), and also alcohol at doses up to 0.65 g / kg body weight do not affect the safety of receiving single doses of caffeine (up to 200 mg). Conclusions. The essential requirements governing the safe consumption of energy drinks relate to their labeling. In order to achieve a high level of consumer health protection, to guarantee their rights to obtain reliable information, to enable them to make a conscious choice of safe products for them, energy drink manufacturers should inform consumers about their products and the need to comply with the recommended consumption of these drinks. Key Words: energy drinks, caffeine, safety, risks, marking.

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36

Wiratami, Rut, and Gde Indra Bhaskara. "Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada Atraksi Adventure Tourism di Kawasan Air Terjun Aling-Aling Sambangan." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2017.v05.i02.p16.

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Tourist safety is an important aspect in tourism activities and must have serious attention from the manager of a tourism destination. It is also one of tourist satisfaction over the service which further will imposes image of the destination around the world. Sambangan tourism village is one of the tourist destinations in North Bali which is currently popular to domestic and foreign tourists. There are two unique attractions become flagship attractions that are sliding and jumping. Along with the development of an increasing tourist visits since last few years, problems began appear. An accident even cause the loss of life and one of them is a local guide who made a living in that area. Therefore, this research is considered necessary and important in order to find out how the application of safety and health of work have been done so far. Data obtained through library studies, participatory observation and interviews with the determined informants.This research found that the safety and health aspects of work in Sambangan tourism village are still simple due to the limitations of funding and a lack of understanding in the health aspects so that the implementation of health and safety of workis done based on understanding. Therefore, in the future a further research is needed related to the health aspects of a medical, increasing of security aspects in the location of tourists attraction and also the attention and support from the government especially tourism department. Keywords: Safety and Healthy, Adventure Tourism, Attraction, Waterfall.

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37

Klingbeil, Ulrich. "Safety Aspects of Laser Scanning Ophthalmoscopes." Health Physics 51, no. 1 (July 1986): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198607000-00006.

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38

Börner, Heidi Elizabeth, and Sandra Lassowski. "Health and safety leadership." International Journal of Public Leadership 15, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-06-2019-0035.

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Purpose Based on the research findings the authors derive propositions for further research to explore the role of safety and ethical leadership in enhancing health and safety performance within New Zealand companies. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Based on quantitative and qualitative health and safety data collected by Börner in New Zealand and analysed in the (unpublished) Master Thesis of Lassowski “Supporting Aspects of Organisational culture on Occupational Health and Safety” (2014) the authors will examine in this paper the responses of company governance and senior leadership to reports made from front-line staff about their perception of the safety culture and (potential) threats to health and safety. Findings The data indicate that company governance and senior leadership are sometimes reluctant to give adequate responses to employee reporting and fail to take effective measures to protect people and the business. Research limitations/implications Directors and senior leaders need to be vigilant that the company systems remain compliant with Health and Safety legislation and are aligned with best practices in the sector/organisation. Reports from employees using company systems on a daily basis are vital to assure that those systems work as they should, and that action can be taken when (potential) threats to health and safety are reported. Originality/value The workplace has a significant influence on injury, illness, fatalities and threats to environmental, community and individual wellbeing and this influence can be positive or negative. The research explores the link between the ethics of organisational leadership and its influence on workplace health and safety climate and outcomes.

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39

Chen, Jun, and Cheng Sun. "Nanoparticles: Aspects of Safety and Risk Management." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.222.

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Nanotechnologies and nanoparticles represent a promising and fast-growing field. This is principally because a nanodimensional substance can have physical and chemical properties that are different from those of the same substance with larger dimensions. However, the present knowledge is not yet sufficient for the elaboration of nanospecific regulations. Many projects with the aim of completing the necessary scientific and technical basis for the assessment of nanotechnology related risks are under way. Under these circumstances closely relationship between the industries and government bodies is necessary to build up safety standards or regulations by all stakeholders constitute an appropriate tool for the protection of human health and the environment.

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40

Zwe, Ye Htut, and Hyun Gyun Yuk. "Food quality and safety in Singapore: microbiology aspects." Food Quality and Safety 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyx016.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Singapore’s status as a first world island city-state which relies chiefly on food imports to meet the demand for consumption presents unique challenges in terms of microbial food safety and quality. Despite the efforts of the Ministry of Health in Singapore, in conjunction with the Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore and the National Environment Agency actively collaborate together to promote safety in Singapore, foodborne diseases are still a major public health issue. OBJECTIVE The aim of the review was to summarize the various foodborne diseases reported in Singapore in the past few years as well as to give an account of all the currently available microbiological findings indicating safety and quality of poultry, vegetables, fruits, and seafood sold in Singapore.

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41

Firdausi, Nobella, Fatma Lestari, and Avinia Ismiyati. "Disaster Preparedness Analysis of Public Health Centers in DKI Jakarta Province in 2020." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.110110.

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This study describes the disaster preparedness level of public health centers in DKI Jakarta Province to deal with disasters. The study for this mini-thesis used a mixed method approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews by referring to the guideline in the PAHO: Evaluation of small & medium-sized health facilities series 4. Variables studied were disaster potentials, structural safety, non-structural safety, and functional aspects that were then synthesized to determine the disaster preparedness level of the public health center, which is referred to as Puskesmas in Indonesian. Results showed that the preparedness scores were 0.65 and 0.6 for Puskesmas X and Puskesmas Y, respectively. This means that both public health centers are in the preparedness level B, requiring both public health centers to do interventions in the near future because they still have risks when facing disasters. The score for structural safety of both public health centers was 0.77, or classified as “a”. This reflects the adequacy of the structural safety of both public health centers to face disasters. The non-structural safety scores for Puskesmas X and Puskesmas Y were 0.65 and 0.63, respectively, which were interpreted as “b” classification. This shows that both public health centers still have risks in terms of their non-structural aspect when dealing with disasters. The scores for the functional aspect of Puskesmas X was 0.53, while Puskesmas Y presented a score of 0.39. Hence, the functional aspect of the two public health centers was in “b” classification, meaning that both public health centers still have risks in terms of their functional aspect when dealing with disasters. Therefore, both public health centers must continue to improve the disaster preparedness level of their facilities in terms of their structural, non-structural, and functional safety aspects.

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42

Park, John M., and Michael G. Holliday. "Occupational-health Aspects of Marine Oil-spill Response." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971010113.

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Introduction: This chapter addresses chemical aspects of occupational health and marine oil-spill response and is restricted to exposures to crude oil in its various forms. Thus in-situ burning of oil is included, but ancillary chemicals such as surfactants or bioremediation agents are not. The content of this chapter is largely based on the literature published after 1985, the date of a comprehensive review conducted by Politzer et al. [1985] for the American Petroleum Institute, and on a review carried out for the Marine Spill Response Corporation early in 1993 [Holliday and Park, 1993].Concern about health and safety is a normal part of every oil spill. In general, safety is easier to understand and address than are concerns about exposure to crude oil and other chemicals which might be used in the response. At one level, human exposure can be addressed through the enforcement of very conservative requirements for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). In the real world, however, conditions at a spill site make the use of such equipment inconvenient or even hazardous, and so the goal becomes to balance the risk from exposure with the appropriate level of PPE.While oil-spill cleanup is a comparatively new aspect of occupational-health practice, and dates from the formalization of response measures by companies and national and international agencies (something that occurred over the last 30 years), exposure to crude oil itself is a "mature" occupational-health matter. Workers have been exposed, both by inhalation and dermally, to the effects of crude oil for the past century. The exposure of response workers during the early phases of the oil-spill response can be likened to that experienced by oil-well-drilling crews and, to a lesser extent, by oil-well-maintenance personnel or fighters of oil-well fires. In contrast, exposures in the later stages of the cleanup are less clearly related to occupations within the oil industry. The crude oil will have been altered by weathering, and exposure to cleanup chemicals (e.g., dispersants, bioremediation agents) will become relatively more prominent. Such substances are beyond the scope of this chapter, and in any event, few data are available on the compositions or mammalian toxicity of dispersants. Although there are frequent references to toxicity in connection with dispersants, these invariably seem to refer to ecotoxicity. Human hazard does not appear to be an issue. For example, in a recently published paper entitled, "Effectiveness and safety of biosurfactants as agents of oil spill response" [Lepo et al., 1997], "safety" refers to possible toxicity to crustaceans and fish.

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Karanikas, Nektarios. "Exploiting data from safety investigations and processes to assess performance of safety management aspects." Policy and Practice in Health and Safety 14, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14773996.2016.1255444.

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Parkes, Katherine R. "Psychosocial aspects of stress, health and safety on North Sea installations." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 24, no. 5 (October 1998): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.352.

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Hansson Mild, Kjell, Ronnie Lundström, and Jonna Wilén. "Non-ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care—Exposure and Safety Aspects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071186.

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The main aim of the study was to identify and describe methods using non-ionizing radiation (NIR) such as electromagnetic fields (EMF) and optical radiation in Swedish health care. By examining anticipated exposure levels and by identifying possible health hazards we also aimed to recognize knowledge gaps in the field. NIR is mainly used in health care for diagnosis and therapy. Three applications were identified where acute effects cannot be ruled out: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrosurgery. When using optical radiation, such as class 3 and 4 lasers for therapy or surgical procedures and ultra-violet light for therapy, acute effects such as unintentional burns, photo reactions, erythema and effects on the eyes need to be avoided. There is a need for more knowledge regarding long-term effects of MRI as well as on the combination of different NIR exposures. Based on literature and after consulting staff we conclude that the health care professionals’ knowledge about the risks and safety measures should be improved and that there is a need for clear, evidence-based information from reliable sources, and it should be obvious to the user which source to address.

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Lindahl, Cecilia, Peter Lundqvist, G. Robert Hagevoort, Christina Lunner Kolstrup, David I. Douphrate, Stefan Pinzke, and Temple Grandin. "Occupational Health and Safety Aspects of Animal Handling in Dairy Production." Journal of Agromedicine 18, no. 3 (July 3, 2013): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2013.796906.

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Sugak, Evgeny. "Organizational and methodological aspects for contemporary health and safety management system." MATEC Web of Conferences 106 (2017): 08092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710608092.

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Houdebine, Louis-Marie, András Dinnyés, Diána Bánáti, Juliane Kleiner, and David Carlander. "Animal cloning for food: epigenetics, health, welfare and food safety aspects." Trends in Food Science & Technology 19 (November 2008): S88—S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.07.004.

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Fthenakis, V. M., and P. D. Moskowitz. "Health and safety aspects of thin-film photovoltaic cell manufacturing technologies." Plant/Operations Progress 7, no. 4 (October 1988): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720070408.

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Zülch, Gert, and Tim Grieger. "Modelling of occupational health and safety aspects in the Digital Factory." Computers in Industry 56, no. 4 (May 2005): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2005.01.005.

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