Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Health and gender based violence'
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Mabale, Thapelo. "Lebollo and Gender-Based Violence Perceptions of Men in Lesotho." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417752.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) has reached a state of epidemic proportion globally and in particular in Africa. There have been a few studies that have been conducted on GBV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lesotho, situated in the heart of South Africa has one of the highest prevalence of GBV. An Ecological Framework by the WHO has divided the risk factors into individual, relationship, community and societal factors. Lebollo is overlapping with most factors but it is mainly an exclusive entity. Lebollo is the cultural circumcision of men and the most common cultural practice amongst Basotho men. Lebollo influences gender roles, normative perceptions and the behaviour of Basotho men. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Lebollo on men’s perceptions on women beating in Lesotho. A cross-sectional study that is based on the DHS survey of Lesotho 2014 was used in this study. Basotho men, ages 15-55, with a sample size of 2921, were selected through a two-stage cluster sampling and completing a standardized questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Lebollo was not significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. This was the finding after adjusting for education and socioeconomic factors, that Lebollo was significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. Age, religion, education, wealth and Livential area were identified to affect men’s perceptions of GBV. Most men agreed to women beating with the justification of arguing with her husband. When the Null hypothesis was considered, it was found that Lebollo does not influence the GBV perceptions of men in Lesotho. This is in view of the fact that education and wealth was found to be the strongest predictors and influenced the association between Lebollo and women beating justification (confounders). The Legal and education system of Lesotho including Lebollo needs to be restructured and monitored.
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Bannister, Tarryn. "The right to have access to health care services for survivors of gender-based violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71802.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa gender-based violence (hereafter “GBV”) has reached extreme levels. This violent manifestation of gender inequality is compounded by the fact that women are disproportionately affected by poverty, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and inadequate health care services. This is in spite of South Africa’s progressive constitutional and legislative framework which appears highly conducive to combating gender inequality and GBV. For example, the Constitution protects the right to equality (section 9), human dignity (section 10), life (section 11), freedom and security of the person (section 12) and the right to have access to health care services, including reproductive health (section 27(1)(a)). Extensive legislation has also been enacted for the protection of women. For example, the preamble to the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998 (hereafter “DVA”) recognises domestic violence as a serious social evil. While the DVA is notably silent as to the role of the health care sector, the DVA is progressive in that it contains a broad definition of domestic violence, and recognises a wide range of relationships. The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 also seeks to afford complainants of sexual offences “the maximum and least traumatising protection that the law can provide”. In addition to this, South Africa has international law obligations to address GBV and gender inequality. For example, under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), States are obliged to address private acts of violence and to remove discrimination against women in all fields, including health. However, despite this progressive framework of rights, some interpretations of these integral rights have been unduly formalistic, in addition to being disengaged from the lived reality of many women. There is also a substantial gap between policy and practice, with the implementation of existing legislation a continuing problem. It is therefore imperative that we analyse the right to have access to health care services through a gender lens so as to transcend a purely legalistic perspective and to interrogate gendered social processes and power relations. This thesis analyses how existing law and policy can be transformed so as to be more responsive to these lived realities and needs of survivors of GBV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslagsgebaseerde geweld (hierna ‘GGG’) in Suid-Afrika het uiterste vlakke bereik. Hierdie gewelddadige manifestasie van geslagsongelykheid word vererger deur die feit dat vroue buite verhouding erg deur armoede, die MIV/vigs-epidemie en ontoereikende gesondheidsorgdienste geraak word. Dit is ondanks Suid-Afrika se vooruitstrewende grondwetlike en wetsraamwerk wat op die oog af hoogs bevorderlik vir die bestryding van geslagsongelykheid en GGG voorkom. Die Grondwet verskans, byvoorbeeld, die reg op gelykheid (artikel 9), menswaardigheid (artikel 10), lewe (artikel 11), vryheid en sekerheid van die persoon (artikel 12) en toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste, met inbegrip van reproduktiewe gesondheidsorg (artikel 27(1)(a)). Omvattende wetgewing oor vrouebeskerming is ook reeds uitgevaardig. Die aanhef tot die Wet op Gesinsgeweld 116 van 1998 (hierna die ‘WGG’) identifiseer, byvoorbeeld, huishoudelike geweld as ’n ernstige maatskaplike euwel. Hoewel die WGG swyg oor die rol van die gesondheidsorgsektor, is dit nietemin vooruitstrewend aangesien dit ’n uitgebreide omskrywing van huishoudelike geweld bevat en ’n wye verskeidenheid verhoudings erken. Die Wysigingswet op die Strafreg (Seksuele Misdrywe en Verwante Aangeleenthede) 32 van 2007 is ook daarop afgestem om klaagsters van seksuele oortredings “die omvattendste en mins traumatiese beskerming te gee wat die wet kan bied”. Daarbenewens verkeer Suid-Afrika onder internasionale regsverpligtinge om GGG en geslagsongelykheid aan te spreek. Ingevolge die Konvensie vir die Uitwissing van Alle Vorme van Diskriminasie teen Vroue (1979), byvoorbeeld, is state verplig om privaat geweldsdade teen te staan en diskriminasie teen vroue op alle gebiede te verwyder, insluitend gesondheid. Nietemin, benewens hierdie vooruitstrewende menseregteraamwerk is sommige interpretasies van hierdie onafskeidbare regte nie net oormatig formalisties nie, maar ook verwyderd van die daaglikse realiteit van baie vroue. Daar is ook ʼn wesenlike gaping tussen beleidsmaatreëls en die praktyk, terwyl die uitvoering van bestaande wetgewing ʼn voortgesette probleem verteenwoordig. Dit is dus gebiedend om die reg op toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste deur ʼn geslagslens te analiseer om sodoende ʼn bloot regsgedrewe perspektief te bo te gaan en om maatskaplike prosesse en magsverhoudinge in oënskou te neem. Hierdie tesis analiseer hoe bestaande wetsraamwerke en beleidsmaatreëls getransformeer kan word om beter te reageer op die realiteite en behoeftes van oorlewendes van GGG.
Stellenbosch University Hope Project
Bradlow Foundation
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Sandrine, Ndayambaje. "Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights : - A catalysis to combat Gender-based violence in South Africa?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412211.
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The multiple components of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), promotes women’s wellbeing and rights to a life free from discrimination and violence. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a matter closely related to SRHR and affects women globally on daily basis. South Africa is estimated to score one of the highest rates of GBV in the world. This thesis aims to gain an understanding of how civil society organisations (CSOs) working with SRHR-related issues, approach South African state institutions with regard to strengthen strategies against GBV. A qualitative content analysis is adopted to analyse the CSO’s documents that frame their advocacy work against GBV and how they approach state institutions in South Africa. The results from the analysed documents are thereby examined through theoretical approaches, mainly targeting CSOs ability to translate universal human rights into local contexts, and contributions to social justice. The analysed documents reveal that the selected CSOs mobilise their advocacy against GBV through different media platforms. Moreover, the CSO’s advocacy is presented through evidence-based research, policy briefs, articles and campaigns. Through their approaches to state institutions, the CSOs demand the state to recognise that inequality and patriarchal structures cause GBV and negatively affect women’s wellbeing. Furthermore, the selected CSOs demand fair distribution of resources that ensures women’s safety in the public sphere. In addition, the CSOs demand implementation of educational programmes with gender perspectives in all aspects of society. Finally, the CSOs demand South African state institutions to include all sectors of society in decision-making processes of strategies against GBV. Thus, state institutions can unsure proper implementation of preventative methods against GBV.
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Naidoo, Navindhra. "Gender-based violence: strengthening the role and scope of prehospital emergency care by promoting theory, policy and clinical praxis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27395.
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Gender-based Violence has a considerable prevalence globally, but it is South Africa that has recorded the highest femicide rate in the world. Prehospital Emergency Care providers appear to be well positioned (as first responders) to respond to abuse early. The aim was to understand and strengthen current/potential practice of domestic violence intervention by prehospital emergency medical systems in the context of global health-sector responses. The paradigm was critical theory and the methodology was exploratory sequential mixed methods. Interviews with managers/policy-makers, focus group discussions of clinician-educators and non-participant observation of simulated practice resulted in hypothesis generation. The quantitative phase involved a survey and cohort study with a screening intervention in a public emergency service. The qualitative phase found challenges and threats to responses require organisational/ideological change as paradoxical practice exists relative to the domestic violence behavioural pathology. Further, role-definition, identity and violence re-contextualisation is needed amidst ambivalent and contradictory positions. Emergent theoretical propositions include: typologies of victims, perpetrators and stakeholder responses; an eco-systemic relationship of state/societal expectations; and a 'conceptual compass' for preventing systemic research bias. The cohort study found bio-psycho-social responses and prehospital screening for domestic violence effective and that the evaluation of prehospital met/unmet need was prudent. The historical domestic violence detection rate was found to be 5,1/1000. A nine-fold increase in detection following the screening training and implementation translated to 47,9/1000 emergency care patients, with no adverse events. These rates are unprecedented for South African emergency care and support screening-policy implementation. The difference in domestic violence detection, quantifies the extent of the practice gap, with an alarming missed case detection of 42,8 per 1000 patients (females, 14 years plus). Conceptualisation of the emergency care burden of domestic violence and an awakening to the unacceptability of current practice is warranted. There is a risk of regulatory and organisational 'capture' mediated by masculine hegemony and resuscitation bias. Professionalization should enable a community of practice approach to violence prevention. Recommendations include the national implementation of screening policy; mitigation of regulatory capture risk and professionalising responses through curriculum-reform. The proposed Risk-Need-Responsivity practice-model promotes clinical coherence in Emergency Care. This elevation of the emergency care discourse is likely to benefit the victim and emergency medicine community. Research is warranted in the evolving epidemiology of domestic violence, the acute/clinical needs of victims/perpetrators and the role of emergency medical systems and surveillance, in promoting health and preventing the associated morbidity/mortality, both as a forensic emergency care burden and as a social determinant of health.
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McGregor, Olivia. "Treatment Adherence Among Women Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With a History of Gender-Based Violence." ScholarWorks, 2016. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3047.
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Women infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at high risk of myriad conditions, especially gender-based violence (GBV). GBV can be a hindrance to treatment adherence, which is pertinent to improving the health of people living with HIV. The purpose of this longitudinal research study was to assess the effects of GBV on treatment adherence among HIV infected women, with specific focus on when the violence occurred (recent or lifetime) and the stratifying type of GBV (sexual, physical, and psychological). The health belief model (HBM) served as a theoretical groundwork. Participants were selected from secondary data, collected by the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), and divided into 2 groups: HIV-infected women who have experienced GBV and HIV-infected women who had not. Survival analysis, specifically the Cox proportional hazards model, was used to determine whether sexual, physical, or psychological GBV and recent or lifetime GBV influenced treatment adherence along with race, income, education, and substance use. Physical GBV was found to lower adherence, and childhood physical violence had a more significant effect on adherence than recent violence. Previous drug use, smoking, and missed doses in the past 30 days were strong predictors of non-adherence. Future research should explore barriers to adherence based on the type of abuser as well as comorbidity of other conditions. Identifying and addressing issues and conditions that impact women infected with HIV can improve their quality of life while providing help for other challenges these women face throughout their lives.
Treatment Adherence Among Women Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Wako, Etobssie. "Prevalence and Correlates of Gender Based Violence among Conflict Affected Women: Findings from Two Congolese Refugee Camps in Rwanda." restricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07242009-154847/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from file title page. Monica H. Swahn, committee chair; John Beltrami, Stacy L. DeJesus, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 12, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-83).
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Nemeth, Julianna Maria. "Intimate Partner and/or Sexual Gender-based Violence and Smoking in Ohio Appalachia." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429731984.
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Nyman, Mikaela. "‘It is just culture’ : Eight young people’s perception of the gender roles in Zambia." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97614.
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This study explores eight young people’s perception of the gender roles in Zambia, Lusaka. In this study I have asked the informants to define the genders and the result were that the genders are defined based on the biological sexes. The genders therefore become homogenous based on the male and female sex. The regulations of the genders were traditionally also based on assumed ‘biologically natural characteristics’. As I argue in this study that gender roles are social constructed I also present the socialization processes in the Zambian culture regarding initiation ceremonies and premarital ceremonies, which visualizes the regulations of the gender roles and the importance of marriages as it implies social status and identity. The young informants’ perception of the gender roles was based on a complex intermixture between the cultural norms, the Western influences and their own life experiences. This means that Zambian society is changing in response to external as well as internal influences and that globalization both facilitates change and may create problems, as different values and norms collide. The informants recognized a need of change in the perception of the gender roles due to the issues that the gender hierarchy contributes to. This study also discusses the fact that cultural norms causes lack of knowledge about sexual issues, which have devastating consequences. The informants argued that the cultural perception of a man as superior and the woman as inferior caused gender based violence, domestic violence and the HIV-epidemic to continue. Based on the informants awareness that many of the social challenges exist because of the patriarchal norms in society I argue that this awareness indicates that a change is in progress.
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Saxena, Anshul. "Theory of Gender and Power: Intimate Partner Violence, HIV Status and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Haitian Women." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3200.
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Among women in Haiti, there are a number of factors, including intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood sexual abuse, and alcohol abuse that lead to increased vulnerability to STI/HIV and its sequelae. This study examined the factors associated with IPV and the associations between IPV and HIV in a sample of adult Haitian women.
The current study is a secondary analysis of data collected from HIV+ and HIV- women attending the GHESKIO centers in Haiti. The measures include: Self-reported Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20); Attitudes Towards Gender Roles; Partner Violence; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); Partner Support; Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS); Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); and, Vaginal Episode Equivalent (VEE). Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics. Pearson correlations, t-Test, Generalized linear model, Logistic regressions, and Generalized linear mixed models were used for estimating the strength of associations.
The mean (SD) age of the participants was 25.5 (5.4) years. Approximately 68.4% had some secondary school education and only 0.9% had a college or professional degree. The majority of participants (82.2%) had a partner, but did not live with them. Generalized linear mixed modelling showed that lack of family support (β = 0.28, p < 0.05), history of childhood sexual abuse (β = 0.66, p < 0.05), and traditional gender-based attitudes (β = 0.10, p < 0.001) predicted major IPV. Results from logistic regression analysis showed that age at sexual debut (AOR: 0.745; 95% CI: 0.585, 0.948) and physical violence (AOR: 3.482; 95% CI: 2.316, 5.235) were significantly associated with HIV seropositive status. Generalized linear mixed modelling analysis showed that decreased relationship control subscale scores (β = -0.26, p < 0.05) and alcohol use problems (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with high levels of risky sexual behaviors over time.
In summary, a history of IPV was significantly associated with traditional gender based attitudes, history of childhood sexual abuse, and lack of family support. History of IPV and age of first sexual experience were significantly associated with HIV seropositive status. Finally, relationship control and alcohol use problems were significantly associated with sexual risk behavior. These findings indicate potential areas of further study and intervention among Haitian women.
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Andrew, Jennan P. "Intimate Partner Violence in LBTQ Relationships in Jamaica." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1585232198183695.
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Back, Madeleine. "Determinants of Intimate Partner SexualViolence against Women in India." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41032.
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Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a public health problem andprimarily affects women. Almost 30% of all women who have been in arelationship with a man, have experienced physical or sexual violence by theirpartner in their life. Even though sexual violence is being investigated inIndia, the determinants of sexual violence are thus far little investigated,specifically the determinants of IPSV. The purpose of the study was toexamine the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of IPSV againstwomen in India. The study was carried out using a quantitative method basedon secondary data from the National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4). Thevariables used was age, residential area, education, religion, wealth index andemployment (current/all year/seasonal). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square testand a multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.The results indicated that younger women experienced more IPSV than olderwomen, and women in rural areas lived through more IPSV than women inurban areas. However, were women with urban residency were more likely tobe exposed to IPSV, which indicates that urban residency can be a risk factorfor sexual violence. A remarkable finding was that the prevalence of IPSVamong working women was higher (9%) than nonworking women (6%), butthat the adjusted ORs showed no correlation between working status andIPSV. Current study has added further evidence of IPSV in India, usingnationally representative samples. Younger women with lower educationshould be emphasized and seen as a risk group for IPSV. An in-depth studyregarding the partner’s characteristics in India is warranted and an importantstep to chart additional determinants for IPSV.Betyg i Ladok 201214.
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Silva, Jessica. "Refugee Women's Experiences With Sexual Violence and Their Post-Migration Needs in Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33163.
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Sexual violence is a prominent issue worldwide, especially during times of war and conflict. For refugee women, experiences with sexual violence are often incorporated in women’s reasons for forced migration. During the immigration process to Canada, refugee women are asked to share their narratives, at which point they may or may not disclose their histories of sexual violence. In June 2012, the Canadian government made substantial cuts to the Interim Federal Health Program. For refugee women who are survivors of sexual violence, this means that they are further limited in accessing services they might require in order to deal with the sexual violence they have experienced. Drawing from interviews we conducted with key informants (n=15) and refugee women (n=12) in both Toronto and Ottawa, this thesis explores both the lived experiences of refugee women and the changes, if any, that should be made to current service delivery. Our results show that there is a pronounced need for both small- and large-scale improvements at the systems and service delivery levels.
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Liljeroos, Thea. "Caring for migrant women affected by sexual and gender-based violence: Experiences of healthcare providers in Europe and North America : A meta-synthesis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387825.
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Introduction: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a violation against human rights with severe implications for the health of women globally. Migrant women may be exposed to a heightened risk of SGBV as well as obstacles that impair their ability to respond to violence and access care. The aim of this meta-synthesis is to explore healthcare providers’ perceptions and experiences of caring for migrant women affected by SGBV in North America and Europe, in order to identify facilitating factors and strategies used to overcome existing barriers to the provision of care. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted between February and April 2019 by using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) and Proquest Social Science Premium Collection. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The ten studies included illustrate perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers from multiple professional backgrounds in the United States, Great Britain and Sweden. Three themes derived from the analysis; (a) Providing a patient-centred care; (b) Knowledge and training-key factors affecting screening and response; and (c) Working under psychologically demanding conditions. Conclusion: Healthcare providers address violence screening and response by adopting a patient-centred approach to care, facilitated by trust-building strategies and external support. However, barriers grounded in a lack of knowledge and training, underline a need of context specific guidelines and screening tools. Further, emotional distress and health issues bring attention to the importance of support mechanisms when caring for migrant women affected by SGBV.
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Perez, Eddy Nelson. "A Human Security Population-Based Approach to Achieve Equity, Solidarity and Gender Sensitivity for the Population Living in Southwestern Bateyes of the Dominican Republic." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/418.
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The present study was designed to contribute to the application of human security principles in vulnerable populations, using the Bateyes (sugar mill camps) from the Dominican Republic (DR) as a case study. Following the Robin Hood principle of using resources allocated for the identification and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a base from which to build infrastructure for other health and human security needs, this project sought to reduce inequalities and promote equal rights in a vulnerable population living in isolated rural areas of the DR. The impact of a human security model versus non-intervention (standard of care) was examined longitudinally in relationship to the outcomes (prevention of morbid events such as HIV, tuberculosis, diarrhea, dengue, malaria, and model impact on breastfeeding and vaccines rates). The project was implemented in three phases: baseline assessments, implementation of a human security model over a six month period, and evaluation of the interventions at six and twelve months after the initiation of the intervention. Qualitative evaluation methods were used to complement quantitative assessments. An economic analysis was also conducted to evaluate the costs of the intervention and potential sources of economic benefits. Overall, at baseline, the owners of the houses from Batey A (Case) were more likely to respond incorrectly than the residents of Batey B (Control) questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices, for the most prevalent infectious diseases of the southwestern area of the Dominican Republic. To control for baseline differences between the study groups, a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) score system was created. The KAP score system showed that the people living in Batey A had a higher percentage of right answers than residents of Batey B, six months after the intervention. These findings, however, were not observed at the 12 month follow-up visit, suggesting that future studies using the human security intervention model may need to be maintained for more than 6 months, to promote sustainability. Economic analysis revealed that the total cost-savings of the Program to the Ministry of Health and society overall to be 252,399USD. In addition, at the follow-up visits, morbidity and mortality rates of the study population were lower than the rates reported in a recent Demographic Health Survey conducted in the Southwestern Bateyes of the DR. The qualitative interviews allowed for the identification of community perceptions of the model, as well as the necessity for an interdisciplinary approach, including structural interventions (i.e. water pump, construction of latrines, etc) and monitoring community security-related issues through household monthly visits. The use of HIV resources demonstrated that the money allocated for HIV prevention could be utilized, not only to reduce the burden of disease, but also to invest in health systems and services. Applied to other settings, the design and outcomes of this study could have a beneficial impact on refugee and undocumented populations in other countries under the impact of the structural violence observed in the Bateyes of the DR.
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Amollo, Rebecca. "Women’s Socio-Economic Rights in the Context of HIV and AIDS in South Africa: Thematic Focus on Health, Housing, Property and Freedom from Violence." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1736.
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Doctor Legum - LLDThe thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of women's rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve women's lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.
South Africa
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Vingård, Frank Linda. "How healthcare workers experience violence against women and how it influences the care : A qualitative study." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20028.
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Violence against women (VAW) is a global problem existing in all cultures. This study is performed because there is a lack of knowledge about how healthcare personnel treat VAW to promote health and to alleviate suffering. The aim is to describe how healthcare workers experience violence against women and how it influences the care. Qualitative semi structured individual interviews were made with three nurses and one medical student in Egypt. The interviews were taped and transcribed before the text was analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The result showed that women were subordinated and discriminated in Egypt and in the healthcare. The care for the abused women was focused on first aid, and the respondents expressed that it was the woman’s own decision and responsibility to report or do any further actions. Often the violence was ignored or silenced. Violence and threats was accepted by the society and individuals as a mean for handling conflicts and was used in the healthcare settings as well. The respondents expressed a need for change and a wish for decreasing the violence, work for equality and stressed the importance of education in society. They also emphasised the need for women to gain more economic independence. Attitudes of healthcare workers need to be addressed and further investigation is necessary to prevent VAW.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
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Olusegun, Adefolalu Adegoke. "Delayed disclosure of sexual violence incidents among victims in Newcastle, Kwazulu-Natal." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5849_1298535106.
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The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with reporting incidents of sexual violence after seventy-two hours at the sexual assault service centre in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal. This descriptive study was based on retrospective analysis of 534 medical records of victims of sexual violence at the Newcastle hospital between 2005 and 2009. A data collection sheet was designed to extract information from three sources namely: the victimsâ hospital files, J88 forms and specific hospital forms that were completed for sexual assault victims. The collected data were entered into and processed for analysis using EPI INFO statistical package. Frequencies, means and standard deviations were calculated for the data set. Test of significance was also done using the Chi-square test and presented using odds ratios with 95% CI and p-value of <
0.05. The victimsâ age range was 2-81years (mean= 18.84, &sigma
=13.25). Approximately 87% were female and 59.4% of the victims were aged 0-17 years. One in five victims (19.7%) was HIV positive, and most (74.4%) reported rape with vaginal penetration. Fifty-nine percent reported within 72 hours of being assaulted. The most common reason for delayed reporting (21.5%) was fear of the perpetrator. Most of the sexual assaults were committed by male (96%) and single perpetrator (90%). Nearly a third (32.4%) of the sexual violence occurred within intimate relationships and more than two-thirds (68%) knew the perpetrators. In all, 35% sustained injuries during the assault and a third (34.5%) reported the use of weapons during the assault. Nearly half of the victims (48.7%) were referred to hospital by their relatives who also accompanied them to the facility (42.1%). Of the 198 victims that were offered post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), 87% collected the full 28-day course.
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Abuelgasim, Khalda. "“Who do I turn to?” The experiences of Sudanese women and Eritrean refugee women when trying to access healthcare services in Sudan after being subject to gender-based violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355757.
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Aim: To explore the experiences of Sudanese women and Eritrean refugee women in Sudan when seeking healthcare after being subject to gender-based violence. Background: In Sudan there is a general assumption that anyone who is subject violence, including gender-based violence, must first go to the police department to file a report and be given “Form Eight”, a legal document, which they must present to the healthcare provider before they receive any care. Without this form healthcare providers are, supposedly, by law not allowed to treat the person. This complicates an already vague system of services for women subject to gender-based violence. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews of eight Sudanese women and seven Eritrean refugee women. Data was analyzed through a framework analysis (a form of thematic analysis). Results: Women had to bring Form Eight before they received any help, this led to a delay in the time to receive care. There was a general lack of cooperation by police officers. Some women feared the consequences of help seeking, apparent amongst those subject to domestic violence and the Eritrean refugee women. Generally, the healthcare provided to these women was inadequate. Conclusion: This study concludes the experiences of all the women in this study when seeking healthcare after being subject to gender-based violence were far from international standards. A lot needs to be done in order for women to know the clear answer to the question posed in the title of this study; “Who do I turn to?”.
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Goodlett, Dana Louise. "Resilience in Uncertainty: An Examination of a Moroccan Centre Serving Unwed Mothers." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6089.
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Utilizing a gender-based violence approach, this study investigated service delivery realities for a Moroccan women’s centre serving unwed mothers and their babies. Primary research methods included participant observation and semi-structured interviews (n=20) with unwed mothers and centre staff. This study aimed to determine what factors lead mothers to seek assistance, types of assistance offered, and challenges and future opportunities for services. Findings indicate a lack of social support to mothers, lack of social and economic support for the centre and reduced service capacity, and the use of deceit in interactions between mothers and staff rooted in cultural notions of shame. Future opportunities for program development and sustainability are discussed. This work hopes to contribute to a richer understanding of gender-based violence in local contexts through the investigation of unwed mother’s experiences of gender-based violence in Moroccan society and how these experiences impact the reality and capabilities of social service provision.
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Hellge, Sophie. "Association between Community Group Membership and Justification of Physical Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Bolivia – a Cross Sectional Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446860.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to broaden the understanding of the role of communitygroups in the prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Bolivia. Therefore, this work assessed the connection between community group membership and the justification ofphysical IPV among women in Bolivia. IPV justification was chosen as an outcome, as it is strongly correlated to IPV experience. Methods: Data from a quantitative survey by the World Values Survey involving 988 womenin Bolivia was used for the analysis. To assess possible confounders, bivariate analysis was conducted. Logistic regression analysis between women’s community group membership andtheir justification of physical IPV has been performed. Results: The results indicate that 19.6% of women in Bolivia partly or always justify IPV.There has not been a significant association between community group membership and IPVjustification. The factors that were significantly associated to IPV justification in the final model were age and educational level of the women. Women aged 50 + had lower odds ofjustifying physical IPV than women aged 18-29 (OR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35-0.97, p= <0.05). Similarly, women in the highest educational group had lower odds of justifying IPVcompared to women in the lowest educational group (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.98, p= <0.05). Conclusion: The association between community group membership and IPV justification inthis study was insignificant. This could be due to limitations in the study design. Futureresearch in the area should conduct studies with focus on different types of community groups singularly.
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Le, Minh Thi. "Implementation of the law on domestic violence prevention and control within the health system: A case study in Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201745/1/Minh%20Thi_Le_Thesis.pdf.
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This study charts the evolution of the Domestic Violence Prevention and Control Law in Vietnam over 15 years. In-depth qualitative methods were used to critically analyse the policy process from agenda-setting, framing, and formal ratification, through to implementation in two provinces. There are major gaps between international and local policies, and between law development and effective, accessible services. Currently, many victims of violence remain under-served. There is a pressing need for changes to the content of the law, and more practical action in health, justice and social services in Vietnam to improve support for survivors of domestic violence.
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Medina, Maldonado Venus Elizabeth [Verfasser], M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Landenberger, A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wienke, and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Camacaro. "Public health program based on the evidence of nursing for prevention and assistance of gender-based violence in collaboration with specialized personnel and community members / Venus Elizabeth Medina Maldonado. Betreuer: M. Landenberger ; A. Wienke ; M. Camacaro." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052893848/34.
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Flodkvist, Evelina. ""I feel that I have no one to help me" : Women’s perceptions of causes of alcohol-related violence and what coping strategies these women use in the context of Livingstone, Zambia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385822.
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Background: Intimate partner violence is a major human rights problem, that affects all sexes of all ages in all societies. Men are the primary perpetrators, and women are more likely to get injured since the violence against women also tends to be more severe. The majority of the perpetrators of violence are in an intimate relationship and in many of the cases, alcohol is a significant contributor to the abuse. Aim: To investigate which societal factors drive and maintain the alcohol-related violence towards women and what coping strategies these women use to handle this form of violence in Livingstone, Zambia. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 16 Zambian women who had experienced violence by alcohol abusive male partners was conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results in this study shows that poverty is the source of this form of violence. It is not only the absence of money but also the presence thereof and the way in which this challenges the traditional gender roles. These traditional gender roles are changing because men do not take their responsibilities as providers. Women used emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies to cope with these stressful situations. Conclusion: This study concludes that poverty and the challenging of traditional gender roles perpetuate violence. These women, who are exposed to this violence are reaching out for help but are not getting the help they need, which is partly due to the society’s view of the importance of marriage.
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Bishop, Julia. "Gender-based violence and gender stereotyping in international law." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12671.
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Includes bibliographical references.As Rashida Manjoo, the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, suggests, women who are empowered “understand that they are not destined to subordination and violence; they resist oppression; and they develop their capabilities as autonomous beings and they increasingly question the terms of their existence in both public and private spheres.” By altering stereotypes and empowering women, GBV could be prevented from occurring in the first place, and discrimination and inequality could be mitigated or, hopefully, eradicated. Women’s human rights, and women in general, have been consistently marginalized in international and regional binding documents. This, in many ways, is a product of the stereotype that women are less important than men, and that their rights should therefore be accorded less significance – a twisted logic that only leads to women being further marginalized. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that in order to eradicate GBV in times of so-called peace, it is essential that discriminatory stereotypes of women be altered. This dissertation will examine stereotyping as an underlying cause of GBV, and whether the international and regional normative frameworks provide sufficient protections for women in regards to GBV. There will also be discussion about whether or not States comply with the obligations that do exist, and how States have (or have not) altered the behaviours and attitudes which characterize a stereotyped view of gender roles.
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Wolf, Birgit. ""Shaping the visual" of gender based violence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129680.
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Si tenemos en cuenta todos los esfuerzos realizados para resolver el generalizado fenómeno social de la violencia contra las mujeres, hemos de considerar que la información, el aumento de la concienciación sobre este tema y el rol de los medios de comunicación constituyen los puntos clave de las más importantes convenciones y declaraciones internacionales para erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres. Desde 1970, los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, han hecho contribuciones esenciales para que se reconozca que la violencia contra las mujeres constituye una violación de los derechos humanos esenciales, y es uno de los puntales básicos en el campo de la prevención de la violencia y de la toma de conciencia sobre estos aspectos. Por tanto, las respectivas iniciativas que se han ido tomando, incluyendo las que se componen de material audiovisual, son de una gran importancia, más si tenemos en cuenta que para la población europea, la televisión es la fuente más importante de información sobre violencia doméstica contra las mujeres. Además, la misma violencia de género es también la forma más frecuente de violencia contra las mujeres en Europa (European Commission, 2010a). Si miramos las representaciones en los medios de comunicación, podemos observar como diferentes programas y formatos muestran una narratividad visual similar que se basa en clichés e imaginarios sociales sobre la violencia doméstica, mientras que la naturaleza sistemática del problema permanece oculta (Bonilla Campos 2008; Boyle 2005; Geiger 2008; Lopez Diez 2005, Taylor 2009). Consecuentemente, existe una falta de claridad en el discurso mediático audiovisual que no permite la comprensión de la complexidad social de la violencia doméstica de los hombres contra las mujeres. Por lo tanto, la representación visual de la violencia de género es una muestra crucial de la creación discursiva de significado social, que surge de las iniciativas que pretenden acabar con este fenómeno social, así como de una práctica discursiva en curso y bastante cliché en los medios de comunicación.
Así, las imágenes difundidas por los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, constituyen el objeto de estudio principal de esta tesis doctoral. Se analiza el material audiovisual proporcionado por los movimientos anti-violencia con el propósito de conocer las supuestas representaciones alternativas que se forman como una réplica a la mirada ‘malestream’ de los medios de comunicación sobre este tema. Reconociendo la dimensión simbólica, estructural y directa de la violencia de género y partiendo de una perspectiva feminista, se analizarán las contribuciones del discurso del material audiovisual producido por las iniciativas “anti-violencia” en un periodo de cinco años (2007-2011) a nivel Europeo, y específicamente en Austria y España. Como la transposición de la complejidad, las raíces sociales y los contextos de la violencia de género en la pareja constituyen una tarea bastante ambigua, el análisis pretende revelar como las iniciativas anti-violentas dan forma a los aspectos sociales de la violencia de género de los hombres contra las mujeres, permiten identificar casos de buenas prácticas y descubren el significado subyacente de los conceptos ideológicos que se encuentra en sus materiales.Si tenemos en cuenta todos los esfuerzos realizados para resolver el generalizado fenómeno social de la violencia contra las mujeres, hemos de considerar que la información, el aumento de la concienciación sobre este tema y el rol de los medios de comunicación constituyen los puntos clave de las más importantes convenciones y declaraciones internacionales para erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres. Desde 1970, los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, han hecho contribuciones esenciales para que se reconozca que la violencia contra las mujeres constituye una violación de los derechos humanos esenciales, y es uno de los puntales básicos en el campo de la prevención de la violencia y de la toma de conciencia sobre estos aspectos. Por tanto, las respectivas iniciativas que se han ido tomando, incluyendo las que se componen de material audiovisual, son de una gran importancia, más si tenemos en cuenta que para la población europea, la televisión es la fuente más importante de información sobre violencia doméstica contra las mujeres. Además, la misma violencia de género es también la forma más frecuente de violencia contra las mujeres en Europa (European Commission, 2010a). Si miramos las representaciones en los medios de comunicación, podemos observar como diferentes programas y formatos muestran una narratividad visual similar que se basa en clichés e imaginarios sociales sobre la violencia doméstica, mientras que la naturaleza sistemática del problema permanece oculta (Bonilla Campos 2008; Boyle 2005; Geiger 2008; Lopez Diez 2005, Taylor 2009). Consecuentemente, existe una falta de claridad en el discurso mediático audiovisual que no permite la comprensión de la complexidad social de la violencia doméstica de los hombres contra las mujeres. Por lo tanto, la representación visual de la violencia de género es una muestra crucial de la creación discursiva de significado social, que surge de las iniciativas que pretenden acabar con este fenómeno social, así como de una práctica discursiva en curso y bastante cliché en los medios de comunicación. Así, las imágenes difundidas por los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, constituyen el objeto de estudio principal de esta tesis doctoral. Se analiza el material audiovisual proporcionado por los movimientos anti-violencia con el propósito de conocer las supuestas representaciones alternativas que se forman como una réplica a la mirada ‘malestream’ de los medios de comunicación sobre este tema. Reconociendo la dimensión simbólica, estructural y directa de la violencia de género y partiendo de una perspectiva feminista, se analizarán las contribuciones del discurso del material audiovisual producido por las iniciativas “anti-violencia” en un periodo de cinco años (2007-2011) a nivel Europeo, y específicamente en Austria y España. Como la transposición de la complejidad, las raíces sociales y los contextos de la violencia de género en la pareja constituyen una tarea bastante ambigua, el análisis pretende revelar como las iniciativas anti-violentas dan forma a los aspectos sociales de la violencia de género de los hombres contra las mujeres, permiten identificar casos de buenas prácticas y descubren el significado subyacente de los conceptos ideológicos que se encuentra en sus materiales.
Considering the efforts to resolve the widespread societal phenomenon violence against women, information, awareness raising and the role of the media comprise one of the key targets by the most important conventions and declarations to overcome violence against women. The women’s anti-violence movement since the 1970s has made essential contributions to the recognition of violence against women as a human rights violation, and is a crucial player in the field of violence prevention and awareness raising issues. Therefore the respective initiatives including the audio-visual material is of major importance, even more so as among the Europeans television counts for the most important source of information about domestic violence against women, the most frequent form violence against women (European Commission, 2010). Looking at the media representations in general, we can observe how different programmes and formats are depicting rather similar (visual) narratives of clichéd imagination on intimate partner violence, whereas the systemic nature of the problem mostly remains hidden (Bonilla Campos 2008; Boyle 2005; Geiger 2008; Lopez Diéz 2005; Taylor 2009). Subsequently, there is a lack of clarity within audio-visual media discourse enabling the comprehension of the social complexity of male-to-female intimate partner violence. Therefore, the visual of gender-based violence constitutes a crucial account of discursively created social meaning, emerging from the initiatives to overcome the societal phenomenon as well as from an ongoing and rather clichéd discursive practice in the media. Accordingly, the imagery disseminated by the players of the women’s anti-violence movement constitutes the core object of this PhD thesis, by analysing visual material provided by the anti-violence movement to obtain insights about the supposed alternative representations appropriate for contrasting the ‘malestream’ gaze of the media on the subject. Recognising the direct, structural and symbolic dimensions of gender-based violence and applying a feminist and dispositive perspective, the contributions to visual discourse through the audio-visual material of anti-violence initiatives will be examined in a five years time period from 2007 to 2011 on the European level, as well as on the country level of Austria and Spain. As the transposition of the complexity, the social roots and contexts of intimate partner violence constitutes a rather ambiguous undertaking, the analysis aims to disclose how anti-violence initiatives shape the social accounts of male-to-female partner violence, identify good practice examples and underlying ideological concepts enclosed in their material.Wolf, Birgit. 2013. 'Shaping the visual' of gender-based violence. How visual discourse on intimate partner violence and Europeananti-violence initiatives construct accounts of the social world PhD thesis. Barcelona (Spain): Autonomous University of BarcelonaCopyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author (gender.visual@gmail.com). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given.
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Sobon, Michelle. "A Preliminary Perspective for Identifying Resilience and Promoting Growth Among Survivors of Sex Trafficking." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1407280532.
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Bjornberg, Karin. "Rethinking human security : taking into consideration gender based violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71706.
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Includes bibliographyENGLISH ABSTRACT: The human security concept challenges the traditional view of state security. The very essence of human security means to respect human rights. The Commission on Human Security did not focus on women as a special area of concern in the 1994 Human Development Report. The report does not recognise that being subject to gender hierarchies increases women’s insecurity and that women experience human security differently from men and shows that the human security concept does not include gender based violence (GBV) because there is no specific attention paid to issues that predominantly pertain to women. This study is conducted from a feminist perspective. It is reflexive research and based on standpoint theory. The data is gathered through analysis of secondary data and primary data, collected through interviews. GBV in South Africa tends to be continuous and the perpetrator is most likely to be a spouse or partner. Studies show that women are seen as being dependent on and weaker than men. Many men view women’s rights legislation as a challenge to the legitimacy of men’s authority over women. Women who try to be more independent in their relationships are regarded as threats and violence against them becomes a way for men to show control. The criminal justice system in South Africa has made progress in protecting women from GBV but myths, stereotypes and social conventions still prevent women from receiving justice. Traditionally, the state regards what happens in the private sphere as outside its responsibility. The public/private dichotomy challenges state regulations and norms which is evident in the case of domestic violence. It is often argued that GBV has remained imperceptible because it takes place in the private sphere. However, this research indicates that due to the socio-economic situation in South Africa, the abuse is often publicly known by those in the immediate environment as people live in informal housing. This research shows that a human security framework that targets GBV has to be developed for those who bear its consequences. When women are not viewed as subjects, issues that mainly affect them remain invisible. It is necessary that analysis of human insecurity starts from the conditions of women’s lives. Many women in South Africa live highly traumatic lives. Fighting GBV requires that we know the victims of GBV and let them decide what they need to feel secure. Creating human security requires that other threats which contribute to GBV, such as poverty, gender stereotypes and prejudice are also addressed. GBV has become an epidemic in South Africa and is a permanent constraint in women’s lives and impacts society as a whole. The security of the state rest on the security of women and as long as the state fails to treat GBV as a serious crime and protect women the state is more likely to use violence on a larger scale against its citizens.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Menslike Veiligheidskonsept daag die tradisionele siening van staatsveiligheid uit: die kerbetekenis van Menslike Veiligheid is om menseregte te respekteer. Die Kommissie op Menslike Veiligheid het nie op vroue as ‘n spesiale area van kommer gefokus in die Menslike Ontwikkelingsverslag van 1994 nie. Die verslag het daarin gefaal om te erken dat die realiteit van geslags-hiërargieë vroue se insekuriteit verhoog, en dat die ervaring van menslike sekuriteit van mans en vroue verskil. Hierdie navorsing sal toon dat die menslike veiligheidsbegrip nie in staat is om geslags-gebaseerde geweld (GGG) in ag te neem nie, aangesien daar geen spesifieke aandag verleen is aan vraagstukke wat hoofsaaklik op vroue betrekking het nie. Hierdie studie is vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief gedoen. Die navorsing is reflektief en op standpunt-teorie gebaseer. Die data is deur die analise van sekondêre data, asook die gebruik van primêre data i deur middel van onderhoude ingesamel . GGG in Suid-Afrika is geneig om oor ‘n uitgerekte tydperk plaas te vind en die mees waarskynlike oortreders is ‘n eggenoot of lewensmaat. Navorsing toon dat gemeenskappe geneig is om vroue as swakker en afhanlik van mans te sien. Wetgewing op die regte van vroue word deur vele mans as ‘n uidaging van hul legitieme superioriteit, ten op sigte van vroue, gesien. Vroue wat dus onafhanklikheid in hul verhoudings probeer uitoefen, word as bedreigings gesien en geweld word gebruik om hulle “in hul plek te hou”. Die Suid-Afrikaanse kriminele regstelsel het al vordering gemaak in terme van die beskerming van vroue teen GGG, maar mites, stereotipes en sosiale konvensies belemmer steeds die volle gang van die gereg. Die staat het in die verlede die private sfeer as buite sy jurisdiksie gesien. Die openbare/private sfeer digotomie bied uitdagings vir staatsregulering en vir die implementering van regulasies , en dit word veral duidelik in die geval van huishoudelike geweld. Daar word aangevoer dat aangesien GGG in die private sfeer plaasvind, dit onsigbaar bly. Hierdie navorsing het egter bevind dat GGG in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks dikwels in die openbare gemeenskapsfeer (deur diegene in die onmiddelike omgewing) opgemerk word, omdat baie mense in Suid-Afrika informele nedersettings woon.Hierdie navorsing het verder bevind dat ‘n GGG raamwerk vir menslike veiligheid ontwikkel moet word wat diegene wat die gevolge van GGG dra insluit. Indien vroue nie spesifiek as navorsingssubjekte geag word nie, bly faktore wat hulle spesifiek beïnvloed onsigbaar. Dit is belangrik dat analise van menslike insekuriteit begin om die omstandighede van vrouens se lewens in ag te neem. Vroue in Suid-Afrika leef in hoogs traumatiese omstandighede. In die bestryding van GGG is dit belangrik dat die slagoffers van GGG in ag geneem word en dat dit hulle toelaat om dit duidelik te maak wat hulle onveilig laat voel. Die skep van menslike veiligheid vereis dat bedreigings wat bydra tot GGG, naamlik armoede, geslagstereotipes en vooroordeel , ook aangespreek word. GGG in Suid-Afrika het ‘n epidemie geword, en plaas ‘n permanente beperking op vroue se lewens. Dit het ook ‘n blywende impak op die samelewing as ‘n geheel. Die veiligheid van die staat rus op die veiligheid van vroue. Solank as wat die staat versuim om GGG te bekamp en as ‘n ernstigge misdaad te erken, en vroue nie die beskerming van die staat geniet nie, is daar ‘n hoër moontlikheid vir die gebruik van geweld deur die staat teen sy eie burgers op ‘n groter skaal.
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Nordby, Linda. "Gender-based violence in the refugee camps in Cox Bazar : -A case study of Rohingya women’s and girls’ exposure to gender-based violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353891.
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The Rohingya, an ethnic minority group that traditionally have lived in Rakhine State, Myanmar, are facing severe structural discrimination from the Myanmar state. Rohingya women and girls have experienced horrific acts of gender-based violence from the Myanmar army in Rakhine State before they fled to Bangladesh and the refugee camps in Cox Bazar area. In these refugee camps gender-based violence continues to be widespread, much like other refugee camps in other parts of the world. Rohingya women and girls are vulnerable because of their gender, refugee status and ethnic affiliation. In addition they become even more vulnerable because family and community structures have broken down. These intersecting vulnerabilities make them exposed to gender-based violence from a number of different perpetrators. In addition these intersecting vulnerabilities lead to a lack of access to sexual and reproductive health services. Overall the humanitarian organisations operating in Cox Bazar did not manage to deliver these sexual and reproductive health services to the amount of Rohingya women and girls that needed them. Although gender-based violence was identified to be widespread in the refugee camps preventive measures were few. The unequal power relationships are identified as an underpinning reason for gender-based violence. In addition, the underlying causes of gender-based violence are connected with beliefs, norms, attitudes and structures that promote and/or tolerate gender-based discrimination and unequal power relationships.
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Piiroinen, Nadja. "Coming Together : Mechanisms behind attitude change regarding gender based violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313765.
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In the field of gender based violence prevention more and more emphasis is being put on preventative efforts through attitude change. This study is the result of a minor field study in Rwanda and analyzes the mechanisms that are present during the process of attitude change. The purpose of this study is to isolate the mechanisms within this process. The study applies feminist theory and process tracing though elite interviewing. The analysis is built on 14 interviews with field officers working for the organization Rwanda Men's Resource Center as instructors on a gender based violence prevention program. It was found that attitude change is more likely when participants feel equal and not threatened, as well as when they were able to draw their own conclusions and be agents of their own ideas. Furthermore, when exposed to new ideas concretely through their personal relationship with a trainer, to their spouses, and through take-home exercises, participants gained new insights. To be successful the program required a long term commitment to the subject at hand. Ultimately, this signals that attitude change is a long and continuous process- of which lasting results can be achieved through continued reinforcement.
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Kou, Aune Kajsa. "Women's Empowerment and Gender-based Violence in Post-Conflict Liberia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323541.
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Previous research on empowerment of women has tried to show a correlation between empowerment and a reduction of gender-based violence. Some studies confirm that correlation and it is argued that especially economic empowerment is key to such a correlation. However, the correlation based on economic empowerment is disputed, and some scholars argue that economic empowerment is not sufficient to tackle structural issues based on power inequalities, such as gender-based violence. This study will build on the latter argument in the debate of empowerment, and will use the case of post-conflict Liberia to support this discussion. In post-conflict Liberia, significant efforts to empower women have been made and yet, high levels of gender-based violence remain. By examining two official policy documents directed toward reduction of gender-based violence and enhancement of women’s empowerment, this thesis concludes that there is a lack of recognition of gender relations structured around an unequal distribution of power, in the two documents. The study will therefore end with the argument that in order to create empowerment of women that reduce issues such as gender-based violence, strategies to enhance women’s empowerment need to account for gender relations based on power dynamics.
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Heck, Patrick T. "Communicating prevention communication approaches in gender-based violence prevention programming /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024668.
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Akgul, F. "Patriarchal theory reconsidered : torture and gender based violence in Turkey." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9z94z/patriarchal-theory-reconsidered-torture-and-gender-based-violence-in-turkey.
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Gender theory in general, and patriarchal theory in particular, have been explored in this research to describe the procedures, processes, norms, values and, most importantly, structures that define the subject. Patriarchal theory mostly perceives men as the abusers and women as the abused. However, the nuances and particularities of these oppressive structures have not been explored in detail. In this research, the reader is introduced to the various manifestations of how being privileged and underprivileged is constructed. This research focuses on processes and structures and it mostly explores alternative approaches towards political sociology and its intersection with gender theory. The thesis adopts a multi-level analysis that involves the different manifestations of the ruler-subject binary at the societal and interpersonal levels of analysis. The so-called private and public spheres with their fluid identities have been analyzed after descriptions of internal mechanisms reproducing the social construction of oppression are understood. Similarities between analysis concerned with the household and the public sphere reflects on how binaries such as the masculine and feminine, and the ruler and the subject, reproduce, mirror and reinforce one another. This research, therefore, focuses on structural and systematic ways of reproducing patriarchy as a system that affects the society in an inclusive way. This required and understanding of norms and values that have been analyzed as a reflection of processes that accommodate oppression. The intersection of these processes has led the author to argue that ‘women are to men, what the citizen is for the state, in the context of Turkey’. The feminization of the male political subject has been argued after presenting three chapters that represent my original contribution to knowledge. Through utilizing interviews conducted by other scholars, I initially analyzed male and female statements on domestic violence in Turkey. Second, I analyzed written texts, including official documents, which inform the reader of state officials’ views on gender inequality. Third, I have analyzed the relationship between the state and the citizen through the research I conducted, on police violence during the Gezi Park protests and other interviews include the research conducted with feminist and human rights laywers. The similarities between the manner, processes and values between the male and female (as well as the ruler and the subject) led to a discussion that the male political subject is simultaneously masculine and feminine. The feminization of the male political subject represented an alignment between two spheres that reinforce one another, through mirroring the public and the private. These two systems created a contradiction within the subject often leading him to over-compensate his damage. Therefore, patriarchal relativity was introduced to discuss a perspective on over-compensation amongst subjects and agents that coincide and conflate within vertical patriarchy. Accordingly, new concepts of patriarchy were needed to capture the nuances within a system that defines the subject at macro and micro levels. Throughout this research, the contributions produced by scholars during the past forty years over debates on patriarchal theory have been reproduced to a great extent. This research has utilized a multi-level analysis through comparisons made by references to metaphors. Metaphoric reproduction is a rare approach within patriarchal theory, often different to utilizing a single theoretical framework. The employment of semi-structured and unstructured interviews with additional content analysis substantiates the author’s subjectivity. This subjectivity reflects a feminist understanding of politics, political sociology, philosophy, and gender theory. As a result, political structures, processes, privilege, and vulnerability have been explored with a view understanding and empowering the marginalized.
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Mkhize, Nontobeko Mildred. "Causes of gender-based violence against women at Enseleni Community." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1595.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty Arts in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Masters of Arts (Community Work) in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, 2017This study is about causes of gender-based violence against women, with special reference to eNseleni community. As a descriptive research, questionnaires were used for data collection. Samples of 50 informants who are considered to be victims of gender-based violence were drawn. Literature that focuses on gender-based violence against women has been consulted and discussed. Different recommendations have been made based on the findings of the study. The findings revealed that all women respondents have experienced domestic violence in their lives. It further revealed that women are physically abused which means they are buttered while others are experiencing verbal abuse which means they are insulted by their partners, other women are sexually abused while others suffer from emotional abuse. It is also important that protection of women and their rights be observed. Women should be taught and encouraged to be self-reliant other than relying on men.
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Göransson, Carin. "Rejecting Violence, Reclaiming Men. : How Men's Work Against Men's Violence Challenges and Reinforces the Gender Order." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100523.
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This study maps out and explores the reactions to and strategies of men working against men's violence against women and LGBTI people. It is based on interviews with men in gender-based violence prevention in South Africa and builds on previous research on women's organising and men's roles in feminism. It provides an analysis of dilemmas and challenges that they face and the strategies that they have developed, navigating in a feminist field and as men practising what could be seen as a challenge to the power and privileges of the social category of men. Using feminist theory and the theoretical concept “hegemony of men”, I critically interpret the potential for men to undermine men's privilege, arguing that efforts to create new masculinities reinforce the gender order and that the gendered context leaves little room for men's counter-hegemonic practices. I argue, finally, that a feminist emancipatory project is better developed by seeking identifications beyond the social category of men than within a framework of reforming masculinity.
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Hudepohl, Adam David. "Determinants of Group Perpetrated Violence Based on Sexual Orientation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/56.
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The purpose of this study was to examine group perpetrated antigay violence. Specifically, the effects of MGRS, peer dynamics, and increases in negative affect on antigay aggression were examined. The differential utility of aggression toward gay and heterosexual targets in relieving a state of negative affect (e.g., anger, fear) was also evaluated. Participants completed questionnaires that included a measure of MGRS, and then were assigned to one of three group conditions(individual, stranger, and friend). Participants then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP against either a fictitious gay or heterosexual opponent. Results showed a main effect for condition, such that higher levels of aggression were observed in the group, relative to the individual, conditions. Analyses also revealed a significant positive relation between MGRS and aggression among participants competing with a stranger against a heterosexual opponent. Neither condition nor opponent differentially predicted changes in negative affect.
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Shabalala, Mbongeni Mfanasibili. "An investigation of the causes of gender based violence in Kwa-Nongoma area." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1345.
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A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Arts in Social Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.The study aimed at critically examining the causes of gender-based violence in Kwa- Nongoma. This study defines gender-based violence (GBV) as violence that is directed to a person on the basis of gender or sex. It includes acts that inflict physically, mentally, sexual harm or suffering; threats such as cohesion; and other deprivation of liberty. It also includes sexual violence, sex trafficking, forced prostitution, spousal abuse, emotional and psychological abuse, female genital mutilation, forced marriage, infanticide of female children, and discriminatory practice based on gender. For data collection purposes, the study used qualitative research method which allows researcher to interview targeted respondents. The targeted population were all people from the age of fifteen (15) to one hundred years (100). Among other things, the study revealed that the majority of respondents are aware of gender-based violence in the community. This violence includes a wide range of violations of women’s human rights, including trafficking in women and girls, rape, wife abuse, sexual abuse of children, and harmful cultural practices and traditions that irreparably damage girls and women’s reproductive and sexual health. Additionally, the results proved that the majority of GBVcase are directed towards women and girls but a few boys and men are also victims. Among other things highlighted, the respondents indicated that GBV encompasses the following forms of GBV: Physical, sexual, and psychological violence occurring in the family, including battering, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse of children in the household, dowryrelated violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence, and violence related to exploitation; Physical, sexual, and psychological violence occurring within general community, including rape; sexual abuse; sexual harassment and robbery. In order to eradicate gender-based violence, respondents revealed that there is an urgent need for government to create job opportunities in the area. For instance the respondents suggested that there is a need for a garden projects which would help minimise poverty in the area. The respondents also revealed that through the garden project, they would be in a position to grow vegetables, maize, spinach, carrots etc. which they would sell to the tourists and other people. Additionally, the respondents indicated that shortage of job opportunities in the area is seen as a threat that perpetrates gender violence in the area. The respondents suggested that there is a need for a poultry project which would help eradicate poverty in the area. The respondents also revealed in the aforementioned study, they would be in the position to rear chickens both broilers and layers. They also indicated that the poultry project would be used as a place where white meat is produced for the community as a whole.
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Hertel, Lori Ann. "Considering Gender in Intimate Partner Violence Prevention for Youth." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7297.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered a pressing public health concern. Adolescent victims of IPV are at risk of a number of severe consequences which can lead to poorer academic performance, relationship problems, and being revictimized by or perpetrating IPV later in life. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative case study on the Love Doesn’t Hurt (LDH) program run in 100 schools in Kansas to understand the professional viewpoints of the counselors/teachers who led the program, determine whether they saw improvements among the male adolescent population, obtain knowledge of ways the program worked or did not work, and determine suggestions for future practices. The central question was: What experiences and reactions do Kansas middle school students have while participating in the LDH program? Open-ended unstructured interviews were held with 9 family and consumer science teachers/counselors from 3 sites in Kansas (1 each from a rural, suburban, and urban setting) selected through purposive sampling and analyzed through NVivo 12 software. The theoretical foundation for this study was social learning and feminist theory. Students participating in the LDH program seemed to communicate more openly with and have greater awareness related to IPV. Girls felt more comfortable and participated more than boys. Boys seemed more mature when separated from girls but perceived the curriculum as “male-bashing.” This study is critical for policymakers; they may want to integrate the program more permanently into their academic curriculum, especially since longer sessions of IPV prevention programs seem to produce more long-term effects.
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Wilson, Milo S. "Violence and Mental Health in the Transgender Community." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1385412105.
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Underwood, Jennifer W. "Impacts of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment on Graduate Student Academic Functioning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5761.
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Researchers and practitioners have increasingly focused on institutional responses to campus gender-based violence/harassment, yet they have paid far less attention to graduate student experiences than to undergraduate student experiences. Graduate students operate in a different context from undergraduates, and therefore specific knowledge of gender-based violence/harassment in the lives of graduate students is needed. The purpose of this exploratory, nonexperimental study was to better understand the prevalence of adult gender-based violence/harassment and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among graduate students, as well as to understand the relationship between those experiences and participants’ mental health and academic functioning. The study’s theoretical framework combined critical adult learning theories with cognitive perspectives on adult learning, including the neurobiology of trauma. Data used in the current study were originally collected as part of an institutional campus climate survey on gender-based violence; responses from n = 684 of the randomly selected participants were used in the current study’s analyses. Participants commonly reported both adult gender-based violence/harassment experiences and ACEs. The results of two OLS regressions indicated that experiencing more types of adult gender-based violence/harassment or more types of ACEs was associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of mindfulness. Among participants who experienced gender-based violence/harassment in graduate school, independent samples t-tests showed that individuals who reported at least occasional academic functioning difficulties had lower levels of mindfulness and higher levels of negative affect than those who did not experience difficulties. Overall, the findings suggest the need for trauma-informed policies and practices within graduate education and higher education in general.
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Dery, Isaac. "Ghanaian men and the performance of masculinity: negotiating gender-based violence in postcolonial Ghana." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27944.
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Within contemporary scholarship on formations of gender and their connections to violences, important questions concerning the politics of masculinities arise. Leading scholars, such as Kopano Ratele, argue for African contexts to be theorized beyond frameworks developed by scholars such as Connell, Kimmel, and Messerschmidt, whose research is grounded in work outside the continent's histories. At the same time, many scholars and policy-makers share the recommendation that global goals for a sustainable world-order demand the reduction of violence, especially violence against women and girls. Masculinities scholarship has, overall, explored the meaning of violence against women for diverse masculine constituencies in much less depth than it has engaged questions of the constructions of hegemonies, the experiences of violence within men's own lives, and the impact of changing economic and political orders on constructions of masculinity. This thesis seeks to address the gap between theorization on masculinity which respects diversity and complexity and theorization on violence against women, particular intimate partner violence within marriage, which tends to imagine a homogenous perpetrator: husband. It is vitally important to investigate and contextualize the discourses of people gendered as 'men', within very specific contexts, to explore the connections made between 'becoming men' and the meaning of domestic violence in their own spaces. Of particular focus in this thesis is an interrogation of the place of domestic violence in men's social worlds. The thesis contributes to knowledge on masculinities by offering an unusually detailed set of culturally sensitive and contextual insights into the social world that is iteratively navigated by married men in a manner to gain recognition as credible, a world in which previous research has already revealed to include women's experiences of abuse, discrimination, and stigma from their husbands. The thesis uses qualitative methods to generate material from men in north-western Ghana through in-depth interviews and focus group sessions. The work takes as a useful entry point the lived experiences, language, and vernacular understandings of people who are, in twenty-first century Ghana, legally criminalized for domestic violence. While such criminalization is welcome, from diverse points of view, the research undertakes a complex qualitative search into how possible 'perpetrators' themselves construct the connection between masculinity, the contemporary socio-economic order, and violence against women, especially wives. The material is analyzed intensively through thematic discourse analysis, and the argument overall is that that violence against wives is discursively connected to how the 'states' and 'citizens' discursively construct masculinity, femininity, and the credibility of violence within a larger gender-nation battle. The analysis simultaneously reveals a dramatic distinction between the construction of violence against wives as legitimate 'correction' (something far from a criminal court) and its construction as 'abusive,' and thus potentially actionable. This distinction alone deepens an understanding of the difficulty of implementing any Domestic Violence Acts, and also leads to questions about the construction of homosociality as a zone of safety and status, one threatened by behaviour from twenty-first century wives. This thesis both confirms earlier research on masculinities and domestic violence in its clear revelation of discursive collusion between men on the appropriate forms of disciplining intimate partners, and also suggests some debate in this collusion. The overarching contribution of the research comes in its argument that the possibility of domestic violence is embedded within contemporary meanings for masculinity, wifehood, marriage and the nation.
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Leyman, Tanya M. "The Developmental Trajectory Of Violence: The Impact Of Child Maltreatment On Adult Intimate Partner Violence." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339514958.
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Van, Der Heijden Ingrid. "Women with disabilities' experiences of gender-based violence in Cape Town, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30374.
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Background: Little is known about violence against women with disabilities in South Africa. Given that South Africa has a high prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV), especially intimate partner violence (IPV), there is a need to highlight the violence experiences of women with disabilities within their communities, intimate partnerships, and other settings. Aims: The aim of the thesis was to investigate how South African women with disabilities experience GBV. In doing so, the study’s objectives were to highlight the nature and forms of violence they experience, the social constructions of women with disabilities’ intimate partner relationships, and the barriers and enablers to GBV support they may encounter. Methods: This thesis takes the form of a qualitative research study that was conducted with 30 women with physical and sensory disabilities, and 19 disability and GBV service providers in Cape Town, South Africa. Repeat in-depth interviews and focus groups followed a narrative approach that was used to elicit participants’ stories, perspectives and lived experiences. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data, and interpretation of the data used an intersectional framework, with an emphasis on social approaches to disability and resistance theories. Findings: Published or submitted papers included in the thesis reveal how women with disabilities in South Africa may experience additional layers of GBV because of their disability status, and consider how gender inequality, disability stigma, and disability-specific forms of abuse shape participants’ lives and experiences of violence (Paper 1). The thesis claims that, while women with disabilities are vulnerable to GBV, particularly IPV, some women have agency and are able to manage disability stigma and intimate partnerships to avoid acts of violence (Paper 2). The thesis finds that, while women with disabilities do seek help after IPV and sexual violence, they encounter unique barriers to GBV service-provision. Service providers and women with disabilities acknowledge various limitations to providing inclusive and accessible services to women with disabilities who experience violence (Paper 3). The thesis also makes a series of recommendations for undertaking ethical GBV research with women with disabilities, and argues for the need to review current ethical guidelines to facilitate future disability-inclusive GBV research (Paper 4). Conclusion: The thesis recommends that violence prevention efforts should address the role of disability stigma, facilitate economically empowering opportunities for women living with disabilities in the country, and provide a range of accessible mental health services and GBV care and support services to facilitate better intimate partnership outcomes. Strengthened pathways to violence prevention and post-violence care and support should be coordinated by both disability and GBV sectors. The thesis calls for population data to reveal the prevalence and adverse public-health outcomes of GBV against women with disabilities in South Africa and other low-middle income countries (LMICs). Future epidemiological research should include validated disability measures and measures of disability-specific forms of violence that may compound GBV. Understanding the magnitude of violence against women with disabilities is the first step in the public-health approach to GBV prevention and requires collaborative research and surveillance efforts.
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Guarnieri, Eleonora [Verfasser], and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Rainer. "Essays on gender-based violence and ethnic conflict / Eleonora Guarnieri ; Betreuer: Helmut Rainer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238017258/34.
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Conrath, Julia Annika. "COMPROMISING EFFECTS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ON COLLEGE WOMEN'S HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIORS." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/372.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the negative effects of intimate partner violence on college women's health promoting behaviors such as physical exercise. Data were collected from 375 college women and 122 male students at a large Midwestern university. Examination of demographic variables and other background factors in both the female and male sample suggested that instances of intimate partner violence frequently occurred in this college student population. Tests of structural equation models with data from the female sample revealed that women's sense of agency and perceived levels of stress fully mediated the relationship between intimate partner violence and women's engagement in physical exercise. Women's gender role attitudes further predicted participation in physical exercise; however, gender role attitudes were not significantly related to other variables in the model. Findings are indicative of the widespread effects of intimate partner violence on positive behaviors as well as negative health behaviors that have been the focus of previous research. The conceptual, empirical, and clinical needs to address and facilitate women's engagement in health promoting behaviors are discussed. High rates of intimate partner violence among college students call for outreach and preventive measures on college campuses. Systemic issues of male to female intimate partner violence are addressed as well as the necessity of culturally sensitive research in this area of investigation.
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McKean, Tricia Jeanne. "Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Emerging Adults." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306860590.
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Arredondo, Aleka. "GENDER-BASED BODY IMAGE PERCEPTIONS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/904.
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Objective: This study sought to examining the gender-based expectations of an ideal body, for self and opposite gender, among college students.
Methods: The study used a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. Common words and phrases were first identified and later grouped into category, through open and axial coding respectively. Next, central theme was identified using selective coding.
Results: This study examined a total of 145 student participants responses of which 94 were self-identified women and 51 were self-identified men. The results reveal that men’s ideal body perception for a woman is different than women’s expectations for women. For example, women’s perceptions of ideal body for women were focused on features such as lips, nose, eyebrows; whereas the men’s perception of ideal body for women was considered to be a small body type. Similarly, there was also variation of ideal body expectations for men. Although both men and women considered fit body types to be the most ideal body for men, women also reported personal hygiene as being an important factor. Furthermore, the men’s perception focused more on body types rather than other factors such as hygiene.
Conclusion: Our results show unique differences in body image perception based on self-identified gender. These results can aid public health professionals in creating targeted body positivity initiatives.
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Burn, Jessica Ashley. "Advancing the girl child movement: a potential mechanism to curtail sexual gender-based violence against women in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31340.
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Violence against women is not a social ill which has recently emerged, nor is it an unexplored topic in the realm of feminist academics, activists and lawyers. Yet despite streams of published articles unpacking the issue and numerous campaigns aimed at raising awareness about and combatting the prevalence of violence against women, it continues to be deeply entrenched in all factions of society. Furthermore, the idealistic society envisioned by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 has not translated into reality and the rights enshrined in the supreme law have not dissipated incidents of violence against women. With the aforesaid in mind, this paper intends to contribute to the array of solutions already developed, in order to assist in countering the most extreme manifestation of patriarchy, sexual gender-based violence against women.1 As the time-honoured saying goes, ‘prevention is better than cure’ and in the same vein, a total reliance on the legislation and the legal processes in place to deal with the aftermath of rape, sexual assault and harassment, arguably have not and will not adequately address the root causes of these crimes. Hence, this paper contemplates a mechanism to strike at the core from which sexual gender-based violence stems, that core being the psychological entrenchment of male superiority and female inferiority - in other words, gender inequality. Overlooked prejudices against girls and women need to be brought into consciousness, to address them and break them down. If gender equality is sought, then we should be encouraging children to evaluate the status quo from a younger age and prioritise their role in re-imagining a society which values and promotes equality and dignity. Accordingly, it is submitted that a potential solution may lie in children’s human rights education (HRE), specifically aimed at promoting gender equality and deconstructing patriarchal beliefs and ideas about masculinity. HRE is not a novel concept and is promoted in international treaties such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Child Convention), and has, in fact, already been implemented in schools in South Africa in order for the post-apartheid generation of children to strive towards racial integration and societal transformation. Unfortunately, it appears that the goal of gender equality has fallen somewhat to the wayside in the formulation of these HRE programmes. It is submitted that the UDHR and the Child Convention read together with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, as well at the African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, support the advancement of gender equality through HRE programmes. In order to explore the possibility of developing HRE programmes in schools throughout South Africa with an underlying goal of advancing gender equality, empirical research was conducted in collaboration with the non-governmental organisation, Children’s Resource Centre, based in Cape Town, which has developed a programme called the Girl Child Movement (GCM). The GCM aims to use the creative energies of girls to help build and sustain a qualitatively better world for girls and women. The goal of advancing the GCM is acutely targeted towards preventing the pain, suffering, humiliation and dehumanisation of girls and women who are subjected to incidents of sexual gender-based violence, the war on female bodies.
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Scheer, Jillian Ryan. "Trauma-Informed Care for Sexual and Gender Minority Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107451.
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Thesis advisor: V. Paul PoteatIntimate partner violence (IPV) occurs in LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) relationships at rates equal to or even higher than cisgender heterosexual relationships (Walters, Chen, & Breidig, 2013). The health consequences of IPV are well documented (Kwako et al., 2011). Trauma-informed care (TIC) is one service approach receiving increasing support for use with IPV survivors (Warshaw, Lyon, Phillips, & Hooper, 2014). Nevertheless, there is little research exploring the association between TIC and health among LGBTQ IPV survivors. Immobilization is prevalent for IPV survivors for whom fight or flight may increase risk of violence during traumatic situations (van der Kolk, 1989). TIC might be well-positioned to counter these immobilizing effects in effort to facilitate mobilization and better health for IPV survivors. The relationship between TIC and health through mobilizing mechanisms has not yet been tested. This study examined several mobilizing mechanisms as mediating the relationship between TIC and health including: 1) lower social withdrawal; 2) lower shame; 3) greater emotion regulation; and, 4) greater empowerment. Among 227 LGBTQ adults, structural equation modeling analyses tested the relationship between TIC and health, and the mediating effects of lower social withdrawal and shame, and greater emotion regulation and empowerment on the relationship between TIC and health. Results indicated that the direct effects of TIC on mental and physical health were not significant. Indirect effects of TIC on mental and physical health through the set of mobilizing mechanisms were not significant. However, TIC did predict greater empowerment and emotion regulation and lower social withdrawal. Lower social withdrawal and lower shame also predicted better mental health, while lower shame and emotion regulation predicted better physical health. Practitioners need to uncover additional services and resources beyond TIC that could improve health among LGBTQ IPV survivors. Research should continue to examine the potential effects of TIC in addition to how it is applied in the context of evidence-based treatment programs that are adapted for sexual and gender minorities
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology
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Hairston, Jacquelynn Melnita. "Race, Age, Gender, Income, and the Experience of Adult Intimate Partner Violence." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3775.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that affects approximately 2.4 million individuals in the United States each year. Race, age, gender, and household income are established correlates of criminal victimization and diverge across various victimization experiences for these individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between IPV victimization and the demographic variables of race, age, gender, and household income using race, class, and gender theory as a framework. Logistic regression analyses on data from 3,492 adult male and 3,637 adult female IPV victims obtained from the 2013 National Crime Victimization Survey showed that race was not significantly associated with IPV, while age, gender, and household income were significantly associated. Respondents 65 years or older reported less victimization and men were 2.09 times at lower odds to experience IPV than women. Respondents in the household income category of less than $7,500 were 1.62 times at higher odds to experience IPV than were those in the $75,000 or greater income category. Positive social change could result from an increased awareness of circumstances related to IPV victimization so public health practitioners can work to reduce its incidence impacting individuals, families, and communities.
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Wanka, Ngwetoh Nchangmum. "The interrelationships of violence - from the transnational to the domestic. Experiences of refugee women in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2723.
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Magister Artium (Medical Anthropology) - MA(Med Ant)Although gender-based violence has been identified as highly problematic in South Africa, it has not been given much scholarly attention in relation to refugee women. This study focuses on the experience of some of these women who have resettled in Cape Town. The main focus is on gender-based violence and the linkages between conflicts at home, fleeing from it, as well as the problems faced by women when they reach the 'new' country where they are suppose to be safe, but yet continue to experience gender violence. By referring to my own empirical research I try to tease out the many instances of violence and abuse such women face, how they understand and try to make sense of it and how they try to take up their lives in Cape Town. I utilized the much used ecological framework to analyze gender-based violence and argue that, while this 'model' is dynamic and allows one to make analytical linkages across different 'levels' of violence, it nevertheless does not adequately provide for understanding the relationship between larger global and international processes, the connection that women may still have with their countries of origin and the impact of being a refugee or unwanted 'immigrant' in South Africa. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The participants were 25 and a descriptive analysis indicated that three quarter of the women have in one way or the other been abused by their husbands/partners. The findings also indicated that refugee/forced immigrant women just like any other woman in South Africa do encounter gender-based violence but other factors beyond their control has exacerbated it’s occurrence amongst them. Thus, the findings were based on ethnographic research that analyzed how forced immigrant/refugee women talk about gender-based violence.
South Africa