Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Health and ecological risk assessment'
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Pokhrel, Lok R., and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2962.
Full textPokhrel, Lok R., Brajesh Dubey, and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2951.
Full textDoyle, James. "Mass Balance Tracer Techniques for Integrating in situ Soil Ingestion Rates into Human and Ecological Risk Assessments." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20557.
Full textSansayavichai, Pathratipa. "An approach designed for regional prospective human health and ecological risk assessment and its application to mercury risks from a coal-fired power plant." Connect to this title online, 2009.
Find full textSmith, David A. "An integrated approach to evaluating the environmental impact following a radiological dispersal event." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148312072.
Full textWatson, Sarah Louise. "Assessing the Impacts of Unrestricted Pesticide Use in Small-Scale Agriculture on Water Quality and Associated Human Health and Ecological Implications in an Indigenous Village in Rural Panam[aacute]." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5149.
Full textHack, L. A. "Development and validation of the marine benthic copepod Robertsonia propinqua as a bioindicator to monitor estuarine environmental health." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/307.
Full textDavis, Ryan Scott. "An ecological risk assessment for mosquito insecticides." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/davis/DavisR0507.pdf.
Full textHazlerigg, Charles Rupert Edward. "Fish population ecology and ecological risk assessment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9678.
Full textChen, Limei. "Nonparametric assessment of safety levels in ecological risk assessment (ERA)." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2135.
Full textWhittle, Don. "Stream mesocosms in ecological risk assessment : experimental, analytical and ecological considerations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339940.
Full textHayes, Keith Robert. "Quantitive ecological risk assessment a ballast-water case study." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1230.
Full textIp, Tsz-kin Derek. "Ecological risk assessments for marine mammals in Hong Kong." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37120694.
Full textOliveira, Paulo Alexandre da Silva. "Ecological risk assessment of pesticides in maize and tomato crops." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17946.
Full textFoi realizado um estudo das comunidades de zooplâncton presentes na água de irrigação das culturas de milho e tomate em condições mediterrâneas portuguesas, a fim de vincular possíveis relações entre a exposição a pesticidas e as respostas biológicas. Este trabalho é uma contribuição para melhorar a relevância ecológica da Avaliação do Risco Ambiental de Pesticidas. Um total de 37 espécies de rotiferos e 2 famílias de cladóceros foram identificadas. Os principais componentes do zooplâncton em todos os locais de amostragem foram nauplios e rotíferos que parecem ser menos afetados pelos pesticidas. A concentração de 12 ug / l de clorpirifos reduz o número de macrozooplâncton, permitindo o aumento das densidades de rotiferos. Valores de 3,5-4,7 ug / l de clorantrinaprole e 0,96 ug / l de metribuzina parecem afetar negativamente o tamanho da comunidade de copépodos. As comunidades de Cladóceros e Ostracodes parecem diminuir quando os valores do glifosato estão na faixa de 2,3-3,9 ug / l. Os valores de glifosato (0,66 ug / l), Ampa (0,88 ug / l) e Fosfato (2,38 mg / l) parecem estar ligados a valores mais baixos de índice de riqueza de espécies
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DUARTE, Heitor de Oliveira. "A methodology for quantitative ecological risk assessment for industrial accidents." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5960.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Recentes acidentes industriais, como vazamentos tóxicos, têm causado danos catastróficos ao meio ecológico (i.e. plantas e animais), de modo que um método efetivo para analisar riscos ecológicos tem sido demandado. Em primeiro lugar, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia capaz de quantificar riscos ecológicos inerentes a eventos raros como acidentes industriais. Utiliza-se a modelagem populacional para simular futuras mudanças na abundância populacional de espécies-chave em risco e, assim, estimar a probabilidade de extinção ou declínio, tempo para extinção e outras medidas, para cada cenário acidental. Assim, foi possível desenvolver uma abordagem que combina os danos ecológicos (previstos através da modelagem populacional) com a frequência de ocorrência do cenário acidental (estimada através de dados históricos e análise de confiabilidade). O resultado é uma curva de risco FN (similar ao resultado de uma análise de risco a humanos), onde N é o declínio populacional médio e F a frequência acumulada de acidentes com declínio maior ou igual a N. Em segundo lugar, o trabalho apresenta uma aplicação da metodologia para quantificar os riscos ecológicos provenientes de acidentes associados ao transporte e manuseio de petróleo que abastece uma refinaria no Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape-PE, no Nordeste do Brasil. Esta instalação está localizada próxima a um rico ecossistema aquático de alta biodiversidade. A população de uma espécie nativa foi estrategicamente escolhida para representar o ecossistema, alguns cenários de derramamento de petróleo foram simulados e suas frequências de ocorrência estimadas. Para cada cenário acidental, a concentração de óleo que atinge a população foi prevista via modelagem de destino e transporte. Os riscos ecológicos foram quantificados e apresentados em uma curva FN. Uma análise de sensibilidade foi feita para explorar como mudanças em parâmetros específicos causam mudanças nas medidas de risco. Além disso, a incerteza foi medida como um intervalo (limite superior e inferior) para as medidas de riscos com base em cenários pessimistas e otimistas. Finalmente, a metodologia mostrou-se viável, eficiente, conveniente e flexível, apesar de que algumas melhorias ainda podem ser feitas e estas foram propostas para trabalhos futuros
Silva, Emília Cardoso Moura da. "Approaches to improve the ecological risk assessment of pesticides in freshwaters." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9255.
Full textOne of the most important ways of improving agricultural production is the use of plant protection products. As this type of pesticides is used within the catchment area of freshwaters there is a potential for side-effects to occur in aquatic ecosystems. New challenges for risk assessment were addressed to achieve good chemical and ecological status in European water bodies. Site-specific and ecologically-based approaches were developed and applied to three important Portuguese river basins. Better criteria for the assessment of the ecological and chemical status of water bodies was provided by calculating groundwater threshold values for pesticides and by focusing on river basin specific pollutants. A list of priority pesticide mixtures that might pose aquatic risks was obtained by employing risk quotients based on concentration addition as a ‘screening level’ risk assessment of pesticide mixtures, and the multi-substance potentially affected fraction, representing a higher tier, with more practical usefulness and relevancy for risk management. For an integrated assessment of pesticide stress in freshwaters, and moving toward a more holistic approach, chemical analysis were used in combination with effect-based tools, in order to provide a link between chemical and ecological assessments. The results contribute for reducing the risks of pesticides in freshwaters
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Su, Yang. "Development of an Ecological Risk Assessment Tool for Trace Organic Compounds." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428653300.
Full textIp, Tsz-kin Derek, and 葉子健. "Ecological risk assessments for marine mammals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39849132.
Full textSinnett, Danielle. "Application of ecological risk assessment to community greenspace establishment on contaminated land." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525132.
Full textDUARTE, Heitor de Oliveira. "A novel quantitative ecological and microbial risk assessment methodology: theory and applications." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17633.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T15:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 20160404 Tese final Duarte catalogada formato digital.pdf: 4026733 bytes, checksum: d6ac5259ffcea51116ee53e1ba8c164a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18
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The environment is a complex system where human, ecological environment (e.g., plants, animals, microbes), materials (eg, pollutants, medical), and meteorological/oceanographic conditions interact. The human impact has potential to cause significant damage to the ecological environment (e.g., potential oil spills on the coast cause risk to coastal ecosystems, tuna industrial fishing cause risk to sharks that are bycaught). Similarly, the human impact may turn against the human itself by favoring the growth of populations of unwanted species (e.g., poor sanitation favors the growth of microbial populations that cause risk of an excessive proportion of sick humans). Therefore, it has been demanded an efficient method of quantifying the risks in systems where plant, animals or microbes populations are involved in order to give support to risk management in environmental issues, fisheries management and public health. First, this paper proposes a methodology capable of quantifying ecological risks (i.e., likelihood of adverse effects on the ecosystem, in the long term, due to exposure to stressors such as chemical, fishing, etc.) or microbial risks (i.e., likelihood of adverse effects in humans, in the long term, due to exposure to microbial pathogens). It uses population modeling to simulate future changes in populations of ecologically important species (e.g., fish, corals, sharks), or undesirable (e.g., parasites), under conditional scenarios simulating the influence humans impacting and/or managing the risks. The risk is calculated in terms of probability of extinction or decline, explosion or growth of these populations over time. Second, the methodology is applied to four case studies in Brazil. Each of them have their specific conclusions, as follows. (1) Ecological Risk Assessment caused by potential maritime accidents in the transportation of oil to the port of Suape. Conclusion: low but significant ecological risk. (2) Ecological Risk Assessment caused by potential maritime accidents in the passage of oil tankers nearby Fernando de Noronha. Conclusion: negligible ecological risk, although a more detailed analysis is required due to limited data. (3) Microbial Risk Assessment to Porto de Galinhas community inherent to sanitation and medical treatment program. Conclusion: high microbial risk, the current sanitation level is not enough to contain the spread of schistosomiasis disease, and periodic treatment of patients is not efficient to reduce risks significantly. (4) Ecological Risk Assessment of tuna industrial fishing in Brazilian waters. Conclusion: industrial tuna fishing does not cause significant risks to the population of Mako sharks in the South Atlantic Ocean. In each case study, several conditional scenarios were simulated for the next 100 years, including adverse scenarios and scenarios with risk control measures. Thus, it was possible to quantify the added risk caused by each adverse condition as well as the reduced risk caused by each control measure. In this way, the manager has objective information to prioritize scenarios and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of control measures. The general conclusion of this work is that the proposed methodology has proven to be practicable, useful and efficient.
O meio-ambiente é um sistema complexo onde interagem humanos, meio ecológico (e.g., plantas, animais, micróbios), materiais (e.g., poluentes, medicinais) e condições meteorológicas/oceanográficas. O impacto humano tem potencial para causar danos significativos ao meio ecológico (e.g., potenciais vazamentos de petróleo na costa causam risco ao ecossistema costeiro, pesca industrial de atum causa risco aos tubarões que são pescados por acidente). Similarmente, o impacto humano pode se voltar contra o próprio humano ao favorecer o crescimento de populações de espécies indesejáveis (e.g., saneamento básico precário favorece o crescimento de populações de micróbios que causam risco de haver uma excessiva parcela de humanos doentes). Portanto, tem sido demandado um método eficiente de quantificar os riscos inerentes a sistemas onde populações de plantas, animais ou micróbios estejam envolvidas, de forma a dar suporte para o gerenciamento dos riscos em problemas de gestão ambiental, gestão pesqueira e saúde pública. Em primeiro lugar, este trabalho propõe uma metodologia capaz de quantificar riscos ecológicos (i.e., probabilidade de ocorrência de efeitos adversos no ecossistema, no longo prazo, devido à exposição a estressores como químicos, pesca, entre outros) ou microbianos (i.e., probabilidade de ocorrência de efeitos adversos em humanos, no longo prazo, devido à exposição a patógenos microbianos). Utilizase a modelagem populacional para simular futuras mudanças nas populações de espécies ecologicamente importantes (e.g., peixes, corais), ou indesejáveis (e.g., parasitas), quando condicionadas a cenários que simulam a influência do humano causando impacto e/ou gerindo os riscos. O risco é calculado em termos de probabilidade de extinção ou declínio, explosão ou crescimento, dessas populações ao longo do tempo. Em segundo lugar, aplica-se a metodologia para avaliar o risco inerente a quatro estudos de caso no Brasil. Cada um deles tem sua conclusão específica, como segue. (1) Análise de Risco Ecológico causado por potenciais acidentes marítimos no transporte de petróleo para o porto de Suape. Conclusão: baixo risco ecológico, porém significativo. (2) Análise de Risco Ecológico causado por potenciais acidentes marítimos na passagem de navios petroleiros ao largo de Fernando de Noronha. Conclusão: risco ecológico negligenciável, mas uma análise mais detalhada é necessária devido à escassez de dados. (3) Análise de Risco Microbiano à comunidade de Porto de Galinhas inerentes ao sistema de saneamento básico e programa de tratamento medicinal. Conclusão: alto risco microbiano, o nível de saneamento básico atual não é suficiente para conter a proliferação da doença esquistossomose, e o tratamento periódico de doentes não é eficiente para reduzir os riscos significativamente. (4) Análise de Risco Ecológico causado pela pesca industrial de atum em águas brasileiras. Conclusão: a pesca industrial de atuns não causa riscos significativos à população de tubarões Mako no oceano Atlântico Sul. Em cada estudo de caso, foram simulados diversos cenários condicionais para os próximos 100 anos, incluindo cenários adversos e cenários com medidas de controle dos riscos. Assim, foi possível quantificar a adição do risco causada por cada cenário adverso e a redução do risco causada por cada medida de controle. Desta forma, o gestor tem informação objetiva para priorizar cenários e avaliar o custo-benefício das medidas de controle. A principal conclusão deste trabalho é que a metodologia proposta provou-se ser praticável, útil e eficiente.
Sanchez, André Luís. "Ecological risk assessment in pesticide contamination scenarios: from individuals to ecosystems responses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-06102016-101708/.
Full textOs estudos de avaliação de risco ecológico consistem em avaliar os riscos ecológicos ocasionados pelas diversas atividades antropogênicas a um determinado sistema. Essa abordagem de integração reporta a estimativa dos efeitos de risco adverso através dos níveis de organização biológica potencialmente expostos a pertubação, incluindo assim uma melhor compreensão da complexidade dos ecossistemas. É bem conhecido que os pesticidas possuem efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente, contribuindo para a perda de biodiversidade e mudanças nos níveis tróficos. A partir dessa análise, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi uma avaliação de risco ecológico em cenários de contaminação por pesticidas em relação aos compartimentos terrestres e aquáticos. Para tanto, foram avaliados os efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre as respostas individuais para diferentes níveis de organização biológica e para as interações multitróficas através de modelos ecossistêmicos. Assim, foram analisados os impactos ambientais em relação as perdas e mudanças das funções e serviços dos ecossistemas. Para esse propósito, foram desenvolvidos cenários de risco em relação as rotas de exposição do antiparasitário Ivermectin para a minhoca Eisenia fetida em relação a testes de reprodução, através da via dermal (solo) e oral (comida). Foi construída uma abordagem experimental para caracterizar os efeitos do fungicida Scala® (Pyrimethanil), comparando a aplicação através de pulverização por spray com a aplicação homogênea no solo em um sistema terrestre multiespécies. Experimentos foram realizados para reportar os efeitos do fungicida Mythos® (Pyrimethanil) em plantas terrestres alvo, seguidos por teste com elutriato com organismos de água doce não-alvo e testes de fuga com invertebrados terrestres não-alvo e uma quantificação dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Foi realizada uma avaliação de risco holística do fungicida pyrimethanil com respostas dos organismos terrestres e aquáticos e das interações tróficas através dos modelos ecossistêmicos e complementados com respostas individuais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os parâmetros de reprodução para as minhocas foram afetados com o aumento das concentrações de ivermectina com diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as rotas de exposição a contaminação. O fungicida pyrimethanil mostrou efeitos adversos sobre os invertebrados terrestres para as aplicações do pesticida e para a distribuição espacial, sendo as preferências de habitat e habilidade de forageio direta ou indiretamente afetadas pela toxicidade do fungicida. Os possíveis impactos do runoff e lixiviação nos corpos de água e solos adjacentes mostram mudanças na estrutura da comunidade com mudanças e perdas nos serviços ecossistêmicos de provisão, regulação e suporte. A avaliação de risco holística mostrou os impactos e efeitos adversos sobre os organismos terrestres e aquáticos, ecossistemas e processos nos diferentes cenários de simulação. Ao analisar os dados obtidos é possível concluir que os experimentos realizados permeiam os múltiplos aspectos da contaminação por pesticidas, mostrando respostas de indivíduos a ecossistemas através das rotas de exposição da contaminação, interações multitróficas a partir dos experimentos de modelos ecossistêmicos, respostas individuais, comportamentais e comparativas com os sistemas terrestres e aquáticos em avaliações de risco ecológico. Portanto, esse estudo se apresenta como um importante registro dos efeitos deletérios e das respostas dos impactos por pesticidas, levando a possíveis perdas e mudanças das funções e serviços ecossistêmicos em áreas com distúrbios.
Leitão, Sara Pais de Almeida da Silva. "New improvements on pesticide ecological risk assessment on the soil-water interface." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6449.
Full textImproving knowledge to evaluate and reduce pesticide impacts in the environment is a present concern to achieve their sustainable use. With the aim of increasing ecological relevance on the environmental risk assessment of pesticides (ERA), an integrated approach was undertaken linking pesticide fate and effects on aquatic and terrestrial non-target organisms under irrigated crop-based scenarios in Mediterranean realistic conditions, for which there is a lack of studies. Pesticides fate and effects were assessed by adopting an innovative approach embracing different levels of ERA complexity: a refined first-tier with the use of natural soil in ecotoxicological testing, instead of the conventional artificial soil; a refined higher-tier level performing simulations of cropbased agricultural scenarios of maize, potato and onion crops, with the application of the fungicides azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil and the insecticide ethoprophos, using a new semi-field methodology; and an higher tier field study incorporating biological interactions and dynamics of soil fauna communities and environmental factors that determine the effects of pesticides in the field under realistic agricultural practices. This study will increase the knowledge on ecological risks of pesticides under field situations improving decision making towards a sustainable use of pesticides and ecological protection
Arumugam, Anandkumar. "Ecological risk assessment of the Miri coast, Sarawak, Borneo: A biogeochemical approach." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/698.
Full textWard, Daniel John. "An ecological assessment of secondary poisoning risk in the Australian sugarcane industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31325/1/Daniel_Ward_Thesis.pdf.
Full textRahman, Md Khalilur. "Fish-based assessment of ecological health of English lowland rivers." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11842.
Full textJIANG, HUAN. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Salts in Swedish Freshwater Ecosystem : A preliminary assessment for invertebrates and vertebrates." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16578.
Full textNegreiros, Gustavo Hees de. "Understanding and modeling ecological processes controlling flammability in seasonally dry evergreen forests of the Brazillian Amazon /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5528.
Full textPeters, Jaime Louise. "Generalised synthesis methods in human health risk assessment." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30474.
Full textTakacs, P. "Evaluation of probabilistic ecological risk assessment methodology using aquatic microcosms and azinphos-methyl." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ43226.pdf.
Full textPham, Vivian G. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in the Hatillo River, Costa Rica." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/571.
Full textAlcaraz, Cristina. "A community risk assessment of Huntington Park, California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588575.
Full textThe purpose of the study was to conduct a community risk assessment of the city of Huntington Park, California by utilizing the Communities That Care model to identify the most concerning risk factors for delinquency and school dropout. Forty-seven indicators measuring 18 risk factors were gathered from public sources. Data from Huntington Park was compared to data from Los Angeles County and California. The risk factors of main concern for the community appeared to be transition and mobility, low neighborhood attachment and community disorganization, extreme economic deprivation, family management problems, academic failure beginning in elementary school, early and persistent antisocial behavior, friends who engage in the problem behavior and early initiation of the problem behavior. Efforts to reduce involvement in delinquency and school dropout should target the community, school and peer and individual domains. Suggestions for evidence-based programs and approaches to reduce the most salient risk factors are provided.
Gerber, Liezel. "Biodiversity risk assessment of South Africa’s municipalities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1614.
Full textSouth Africa is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and even with conservation initiatives in place continues to face biodiversity loss. There is a need to prioritise areas for conservation as resources for conservation purposes are limited in South Africa. From prioritisation methods reviewed it was found that prioritisation indices normally use one or a combination of variables that measure stock; and/or variables that measure threat.
Rose, Robyn Ilene. "An ecological risk assessment of BT transgenic sweet corn on non-target arthropod communities." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2451.
Full textThesis research directed by: Entomology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Mellet, Bernice. "Ecological risk assessment of fisheries on sea turtles in the South Western Indian Ocean." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9957.
Full textClaassen, Marius. "The development and application of ecological risk assessment in South African water resource management." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006177.
Full textKapo, Katherine E. "Eco-Epidemiological Analysis for Screening-Level Ecological Risk Assessment: A Geographic Information Systems Approach." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1246903901.
Full textDuodu, Godfred Odame. "Characterisation, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of some pollutants in Brisbane river sediment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103672/1/Godfred%20Odame_Duodu_Thesis.pdf.
Full textBruce, Erica Dawn. "Modeling toxic endpoints for improving human health risk assessment." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1277.
Full textKentel, Elçin. "Uncertainty Modeling Health Risk Assessment and Groundwater Resources Management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11584.
Full textAlbering, Harmina Jannette. "Environmental health risk assessment evaluation of some default assumptions /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8395.
Full textKroner, Oliver. "The Alliance for Risk Assessment Dose-Response Framework: Practical Guidance for Risk Practitioners." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1314053236.
Full textNgan, Wai-tak Eden. "Health risk assessment of toxic air pollutants in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18733979.
Full textSorenson, Mary T. "Deterministic vs probabilistic ecological risk assessment modeling at hazardous waste sites : a comparative case study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25303.
Full textShaw, Brenda Jo. "Evaluation of risks to human health in Hong Kong from consumption of chemically contaminated seafood : a risk assessment approach /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723657.
Full textSchad, Thorsten [Verfasser]. "Xplicit – a modelling framework for ecological risk characterisation at landscape-scales in regulatory risk assessment and risk managementof plant protection products / Thorsten Schad." Landau : Universitätsbibliothek Landau, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037920015/34.
Full textChang, Chun-Ming, and 張浚銘. "Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Biofuel Products." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87159443682471974659.
Full text國立高雄師範大學
生物科技系
101
The dwindling fossil fuel sources and the creasing dependency on imported crude oil have led to a major interest in expanding the use of bioenergy in many countries. Furthermore, the addition advantage of biofuels is reduction in air pollutant and emission of greenhouse gas. Therefore, Taiwan is promoted the use of E3(gasoline with addition of 3% ethanol)and B2(diesel fuel with addition of 2% ethanol)in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Biofuel will alter the distribution of petroleum contaminants in soil and groundwater. Groundwater contamination by gasoline and other petroleum-derived hydrocarbons released from underground or above ground storage tanks is a serious and widespread environmental problem. The problem of petroleum contaminants will become complicated after biofuels widely utilized. The objective of this study is to assess health and ecological risk when biofuel spill occurs. The results of this study can be used as a reference for risk management. Conventional octane number 95 gasoline, ethanol-blended gasoline (i.e., E3, E10, E25 and E85) and biodiesel (i.e., B2, B5 and B20) were studied. The framework of human health risk assessment used in this study is adopted from “Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Human Health Evaluation Manual” from United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)in 1989. The assessment endpoint is the adverse health effects of human. In the ground water media, concentration of petroleum contaminants was estimated by the LevelⅢ Fugacity Model. US EPA human exposure assessment models have been used to evaluate the exposure dose via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact pathway, when human use groundwater. The risk characterization of human non-carcenogenic risk is estimated by hazard quotient(HQ)value. Carcinogenic risk was assessed by multiplying total exposure by the carcinogenic slope factor for each pathway. The framework of ecological risk assessment used in this study is adopted from “Guideline of Ecological Risk Assessment” from USEPA in 1998. The assessment endpoint is the mortality of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. In the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem, exposure dose and concentration of biota was estimated by the RAIDAR Model and LevelⅢ Fugacity Model. The risk characterization of biota is estimated by risk quotient(RQ)value. The result of human carcinogenic risk assessment was assessed, which was higher than the threshold value(10-6) that general people can withstand. This indicates potential cancer risks for the exposed population. The results show that human use contaminated water as drinking water will ingest benzene. It exposes the highest carcinogenic risk for E3 gasoline. The result of human non-carcinogenic risk assessment was assessed, which was lower than the accepted threshold value(1)that ordinary people can withstand. This indicates no potential health hazards for the exposed population. The result show that human use contaminated water as drinking water or dermal clean water will ingest MTBE or absorb aliphatics C8-C10 from derma, respectively. The highest non-carcinogenic risk was exposed by conventional research octane 95 gasoline. Human use contaminated groundwater as clean water will inhale naphthalene vapor or absorb aliphatics C16-C21 from derma, respectively. It is the highest non-carcinogenic risk for B20 diesel. The hazard of the E85 gasoline and B5 diesel is the lowest for human health. Since the biofuel will alter the distribution of petroleum contaminants in groundwater, more contaminates will be anticipated in the exposure pathway. Ecological risk assessment results indicate that the aquatic and terrestrial total ecological risk index is lower than the threshold value(1), this indicates no potential hazard for the exposed biota. By evaluating the results, it is clearly that m,p-xylene in gasoline pose the highest risk for terrestrial avian scavenger in contaminated food chain. In addition to, pyrene in biodiesel blended diesel pose the highest risk for terrestrial avian omnivore in the terrestrial ecosystem. The hazard of the E85 gasoline and B20 diesel is the lowest. Because E85 gasoline and B20 diesel contains less petroleum contaminants. Comprehensive ecological risk assessment results demonstrate that biofuels are the most serious impact for terrestrial organisms. The results conclude that differences in chemical properties and environment range lead to profound differences in the concentration of exposure and risk from emission to target biota. The implications of these results and draw attention to the insights gained about ecological risks and effective chemicals management associated with biofuels.
He, Yi-Rong, and 何怡蓉. "Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for Arsenic Contaminated Site in Guandu." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02070178322819809650.
Full text國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
96
The heavy metals in the soils and the groundwater were investigated in Taipei in 2007, and found that the concentration of Arsenic is extraordinarily high in Guandu. The agricultural land is main polluted source, so the pollutant could enter the food-chain through the absorbance by the plants. Besides, the local ecosystem is the most direct receptor that exposed to the pollutant. Therefore, the study is based on the results of “Monitoring and investigation of heavy metals in soil of Taipei City”, and carries out health and ecological risk assessment in Guandu. The medium includes soil, air, groundwater and food chain on health risk assessment in this study, and the potential harmful effects of receptors were assessed by direct and indirect exposure routes. The result of health risk assessment shows that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of residents and tourists on site 1 are less than the standard (<10-6). The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of farmers and self-contained farmers exceed the standard (>10-6). The indicators contain rice, earthworms and sparrows on ecological risk assessment in this study, and the potential harmful effects of receptors were assessed by direct and indirect exposure routes. The results show that the risk of rice in three sites is lower than toxic level. The RQs of earthworms and sparrows in site 1 are close to 1, and that in site 2 and 3 are less than 1. Health and ecological risk assessment were integrated in this study. Through the assessment, important factors are confirmed and resulting risks quantified and thus the management and policy determination for remediation of the contaminated site can be suggested.
Madanire-Moyo, Grace Nyepai. "A comparative evaluation of ecosystem health of selected water bodies in the Olifants and Limpopo River systems using the health assessment index and parasite diversity as indicators." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/438.
Full textSouth Africa's water resources are limited and scarce in global terms, due to the fact that the country's climate varies from desert to semi-desert in the west to sub-humid along the coastal area. The country is also expected to experience further variability in rainfall, reduced precipitation and increased evaporation as a result of climate change. At the projected population growth and economic development rates, it is unlikely that the projected demand on water resources in South Africa will be sustainable. An additional concern is the declining water quality due to domestic, mining and industrial pollution, and eutrophication as well as salinisation due to agricultural pollution. Thus, aquatic ecosystems must be protected, monitored and managed to ensure sustainable resource use. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare possible environmental deterioration by analysing fish health and parasite diversity in three dams within the Limpopo and Olifants River Systems by using the fish Health Assessment Index (HAI) and the Inverted Parasite Index (IPI). The intention of the study was to substantiate the theories behind the HAI and IPI in a bid to augment strategies to manage water quality, fish health and aquatic biodiversity. Seasonal surveys were carried out between April 2008 and April 2010 at three localities. The Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams are in a Nature Reserve located in a rural catchment, the Flag Boshielo Dam in an industrualised and mining catchment whereas the Return Water Dam is located on a platinum mining premise. Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) were collected with the aid of gill nets and used as indicator fish species. Fish were examined for external parasites after which they were weighed and measured. Blood was drawn and skin smears were made. The skin smears were examined with a dissecting microscope for the presence of parasites. Fish were killed, dissected and then examined as prescribed in the fish HAI. From the ecto- and endoparasite data collected, infection statistics and ecological parameters were calculated. The HAI values were calculated for each fish species at each sampling site. To verify the results of the HAI, water quality was included in the studyThe nutrients and mining related pollutants of the three dams differed to a great extent and showed a similar increasing trend in the order: Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams < Flag Boshielo Dam < Return water Dam. Our results were consistent with previous work describing Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams as essentially unimpacted and Flag Boshielo Dam as impacted with a combination of mining and agricultural effluents. The results have shown that the Return Water Dam is an extremely polluted site with high levels of nutrients and metals. Fish health of both species responded similarly to polluted sites although mean population HAI results showed that C. gariepinus was more affected in terms of haematocrit necropsy-related alterations. The top six metrics that correlated most to fish health scores were nearly the same for both species (i.e. haematocrit values, inverted ectoparasite index, condition of the kidney, liver, gills and skin). The parasite community of C. gariepinus comprised 19 metazoan species. Seventeen parasite species were recovered from fish sampled from Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams compared to 11 at Flag Boshielo Dam and four at the Return Water Dam. The parasite community of O. mossambicus comprised 20 metazoan species. A total of 19 species, 17 species, and 4 species of metazoan parasites from O. mossambicus were obtained from Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams, Flag Boshielo Dam and the Return Water Dam, respectively. In both fish species, the Shannon Wiener Index, the inverse Simpson Index, equitability and the number of metazoan parasite individuals were highest in fish from Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams. The results of this study emphasized the negative impacts of urbanization, agricultural and mining activities on the environment. The fish hosts collected in the mining premise supported the poorest and least diverse parasite communities of all sampled sites, with virtual depletion of both heteroxenous and monoxenous species. The Return Water Dam may therefore be regarded as a simulation model for a severely environmentally deteriorated, impoverished habitat, in which all or part of the intermediate hosts have been depleted, enabling the survival of hardy parasite species only. Further studies should address the identification of parasite life stages that are more sensitive to pollutants
The National Research Foundation,the Flemish Interuniversity Council(VLIR-UOS),and the Division for Research Administration and Development,University of Limpopo
Anhalt, Ashley, Tawnya Peterson, Paul Tratnyek, Joseph Needoba, and Amanda Mather. "Exploring Holistic Approaches to the Characterization of Particles in the Environment." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196809.
Full textHiggins, C. A., R. M. Wilson, N. Sandstrom, Bruce B. Dawson, Gary S. (Gary Seymour) 1966 Mann, P. J. Allard, and Randy F. Baker. "Post closure human health and ecological risk assessment at Teck Cominco's Kimberley operations, BC : overview of regulatory process and findings of the problem formulation." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8705.
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