Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Healing – Religious aspects – Islam'
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Velthuysen, Daniel Nicholas. "A pastoral theological examination of inner healing." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016248.
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Doing a survey of the ministry of inner healing, one is arrested by three salient features: its pragmatic and correlative development, its lay orientation, and the inconsistent and naïve theoretical explanation of the phenomenon. Inner healing, or as it was first known, the healing of the memories, appears to have its roots with Agnes Sanford during the 1940's (Sandford 1982: 3-4). Over a period of time and through a series of events, Sanford experienced what she termed a healing of memories. After some reflection on her experiences she began to teach her views at the School of Pastoral Care started by her husband in 1958, at Camps Farthest Out (CFO), and at numerous churches and conferences.
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MacDonald, Kathleen Anne. "Sacred healing, health and death in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32927.
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The Tibetan Buddhist approach to healing, health and death is rooted in the sacred. Its teachings and techniques create a road map guiding the practitioner through the process of purification called sacred healing. It encompasses foundational Buddhist teachings, sacred Buddhist medicine, and the esoteric healing pathways found in tantra and yoga, which together constitute a detailed and technical guide to healing. The mind is central to all aspects of Tibetan Buddhism. The ability to focus the mind through meditation during life enables the practitioner to prepare for death by experiencing the subtle aspects of the body and mind through the chakras. Both Tibetan spiritual teachers and doctors practise healing and help practitioners learn to focus their minds in preparation for death. The moment of death presents the greatest opportunity for attaining sacred health, but healing can also occur after death. The objective of this thesis is to present the Tibetan Buddhist understanding of sacred healing in relation to life, death, the bardos and suicide through its texts, teachings and techniques.
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Murphy, Robert E. "Transforming the healing narrative: A pastoral understanding of Christ's healing ministry and the anointing of the sick." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:105020.
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Ashour, Omar. "A world without Jihad? : the causes of de-radicalization of armed Islamist movements." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29750.
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Several armed Islamist movements have shown remarkable behavioural and ideological transformations towards non-violence. The "de-radicalization" processes of these movements removed tens of thousands of former militants from the ranks of al-Qa'ida's supporter and acted as disincentives for would-be militants. These processes have taken place on a large scale in Egypt and Algeria, and on a smaller scale in Libya, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Jordan, Tajikistan, Malaysia and Indonesia.This dissertation addresses crucial lacunae in the literature on Islamism, security and counterterrorism studies by asking the question 'why do radical Islamist militants revise their ideologies, strategies and objectives and initiate a de-radicalization process.' The dissertation also aims to answer the question of what are the necessary conditions under which this process can be successful. In the following chapters, I analyze how such factors as state policies, charismatic leadership and social interaction between the layers of an Islamist organization, as well as between the same organization and the "other," can all interact to shape the prospects for renunciation violence, both behaviourally and ideologically, by an Islamist movement. Empirically, I analyze the deradicalization processes of three cases in Egypt (the armed wings of the Muslim Brothers, the Islamic Group and al-Jihad Organization) and one case in Algeria (Islamic Salvation Army and affiliated militias). I also analyze two cases of deradicalization failure in Algeria, as a means to further explicate and examine my variables.
The arguments in the dissertation are based on qualitative comparative research. Archival interviews, supplemented by personal ones, with Islamist leaders, mid-ranking commanders, grassroots organization members, Islamist movements' specialists, former security and intelligence officers and state officials are analyzed to help identify the potential causes of de-radicalization from different perspectives. Content analysis is also used to examine original literature and statements produced by the Islamist groups under study and their leaders to both legitimize and, at a later stage, to de-legitimize violence.
In the conclusion, the dissertation provides a comprehensive theoretical framework that explains the causes of de-radicalization of armed Islamist movements. It also provides direction for future research agendas and addresses policy implications relevant to de-radicalization.
Plusieurs mouvements islamistes armes ont donne les signes d'importants changements sur le plan du comportement et de l'ideologie en faveur de la nonviolence. Les processus de de-radicalisation de ces mouvements ont conduit au retrait de dizaines de milliers d'anciens militants des rangs des supporteurs d' Al Qaida et ont eu un effet dissuasif sur ceux qui songeaient a se joindre a eux. Ces processus ont eu lieu a grande echelle en Egypte et en Algerie et a plus petite echelle en Libye, en Arabie Saoudite, au Yemen, en Jordanie, au Tadjikistan, en Malaisie et en Indonesie.
Cette these porte sur des lacunes importantes dans la litterature sur l'islamisme, les etudes de securite et le contreterrorisme. Elle cherche a savoir pourquoi les militants radicaux islamistes ont revise leurs ideologies, leurs strategies et leur objectifs et initie un processus de de-radicalisation. Cette these vise arepondre a ces questions afin de comprendre les conditions necessaires a la reussite d'un tel processus. Au cours des chapitres suivants, j'analyse comment des facteurs tels que les politiques etatiques, le leadership charismatique, et les interactions sociales entre les couches d'une organisation islamiste ainsi qu'entre la meme organisation et l' « Autre» peuvent tous interagir pour modifier les perspectives d'un mouvement islamiste de fayon aI'amener arenoncer ala violence, tant dans son comportement que dans son ideologie. De fayon empirique, j'analyse les processus de deradicalisation de trois cas en Egypte (l'aile armee des Freres musulmans, le Groupe islamique et l'Organisation du al-Jihad) et d'un cas en Algerie ( l'Armee islamique du salut et les milices affiliees). J'analyse egalement deux cas d'echec de la deradicalisation en Algerie afin d'examiner mes variables.
Les arguments de cette dissertation sont fondes sur une recherche qualitative comparee. Des entrevues archivees et des entrevues que j'ai moi-meme realisees avec des autorites islamistes, des sous-officiers ainsi qu' avec de jeunes sympathisants, des militants de souche, des specialistes des mouvements islamistes, des anciens officiers de la securite et du renseignement et des employes de l' etat sont analysees afin d'aider it identifier sous differents angles les causes potentielles de de-radicalisation. L'analyse de contenu est egalement utilisee pour examiner la litterature de base ainsi que les communiques produits par des groupes islamistes et leurs chefs pour legitimer et plus tard, pour delegitimer, la violence.
En conclusion, la these presente un cadre theorique qui explique les causes de la de-radicalisation des mouvements islamistes armes. Elle propose egalement des avenues de recherche et traite des implications concemant les politiques gouvemementales et autres relatives ala de-radicalisation.
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Scott, Jennifer Lee. "An Islamic feminism? competing understandings of womens rights in Morocco." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5430.
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Ibrahim, Mohammed Zakyi. "Communication models in the Holy Qurʾān : God-human interaction." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26690.
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This thesis presents an indepth examination of the exegetical treatment of Qur'anic themes and concepts. It explains the process of communication between God and human beings by using communication models. The invisibility of God to human beings, coupled with His difference in nature, make their interaction difficult to conceive but not impossible. This thesis will thus seek to show how that interaction is feasible, making it as comprehensible as possible.Muslim theologians studied exhaustively the subject of God's speech and its nature without actually revealing its process in any detail or in systematic fashion. This thesis concludes that the theological differences have little bearing on God as a communicator. Finally, it demonstrates that the process of God-human interaction is entirely different from that of ordinary interpersonal communication.
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Moalimishak, Mohamed Rashad. "[The] ethical evaluation of brain dead persons and organ transplantation in contemporary Muslim ethics." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=105427.
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This dissertation is primarily about the ethical evaluation ofbrain death, brain-dead persons and organ transplantation in contemporary Muslim ethics.Cette tQese est premierement au sujet de l'évaluation éthique de la mort cérébrale et les personnes dans un coma dépassé aux éthiques Musulmanes contemporaines.
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Muhamad, Nazlida. "Muslim consumers' motivation towards Islam and their cognitive processing of performing taboo behaviors." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0011.
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Although religion is an important cultural force that shapes consumers' values and norms, the taboo stigma attached to the investigation of religion's influences in marketing areas has limited the knowledge about how religion influences consumers' decision-making. This study explored the affect of Muslim motivation in following Islam in their decision-making process to perform behaviors that are subject to Islamic rulings known as fatwa. Three behaviors that are subject to fatwa declarations; smoking, listening to popular music and buying a Coca Cola soft drink, were chosen. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behaviors, this study examined: 1) If a Muslim's motivation in following Islam is an effect in their cognitive and behavioral responses regarding the fatwa prohibited behaviors. 2) If Muslim motivation in following Islam is an effect in their decision-making in deciding to whether to perform fatwa prohibited behaviors. Based on a Malaysian university student sample, multiple analyses of variance with covariate's (MANCOVA) results show that a Muslim's motivation in following Islam, his or her gender and their interaction have significant effects in their responses in regards to the behaviors. Muslim males, who are extrinsically motivated towards Islam tended to report a greater intention to smoke, buy a Coca Cola soft drink and tended to report they experienced more social pressure to smoke as compared to others. Nonetheless, SEM analysis found that the sample's responses on items related to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) about buying a Coca Cola soft drink brand did not fit the model. Other unaccounted for factors that may be related to the Muslims' decision-making about the product, such as possible consumer animosity, was not captured in the survey. The samples responses on smoking and listening to popular music provided a good fit to the model proposed. ii This study found that the Muslim respondents' motivation in following Islam had an effect on the role of perceived social pressure in their planning to smoke, and on the role of perceived social pressure in their planning to listen to popular music. Respondents' motivation in following Islam also had an effect on the role of perception of control in their reported smoking and listening to popular music. The intrinsically motivated Muslim consumers tended to be more concerned about others approval in their deciding to smoke and to listen to popular music, than the average extrinsic respondents. The intrinsic Muslim respondents also tended to perceive having incomplete control over smoking and listening to popular music, compared to their extrinsic counterparts. Respondents' attitudes towards smoking and listening to popular music were found to be not relevant in respondents' decision-making to perform the behaviors. This study also found evidence for the effect of type of fatwa prohibition ruling in Muslim respondents' responses and decision-making to perform behaviors in this study. Findings from this study suggest a significant effect of fatwa rulings on products or behaviors, among the sample of young Malaysian Muslim respondents. The findings highlight the needs for marketers to understand nature of fatwa rulings on products, in order to win over Muslim consumers in the marketplace.
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Ismail, Badroen. "Potential use of Islamic finance among Muslims in Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17526.
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The resurgence of Islam across the globe combined with the resilience that Islamic financial assets have shown against the onslaught of the current financial crisis, make Islamic finance an attractive alternative financial system. Over the past decade, the Islamic finance sector have shown double digit growth rates beyond the traditional areas of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) regions of Asia as well as other parts of the Middle-East and North Africa (MENA) regions. Research suggests that the future of Islamic finance in Africa depends on business opportunities in South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria and Senegal. The South African government, in conjunction with the national finance authorities, have made their intention clear to position the country as the Islamic finance hub for the rest of the African continent. Despite various marketing campaigns over the past decade to convince the public that Islamic banking and finance is for everyone, non-Muslims generally view Islamic banking as being for Muslims alone. Scepticism towards Islamic finance has resulted in a mere 15 per cent of the estimated 1.5 million South African Muslims currently making use of the sector’s banking and retail instruments. This lack of interest is impacting negatively on the country’s aspirations to establish itself as the gateway of Islamic finance to the rest of Africa. Generally, people’s attitudes toward utilising Islamic finance are regarded as a key obstacle to the development of the Islamic banking and finance system in Muslim minority countries. A Kuwait Finance House research report (2012) highlighted a lack of awareness and knowledge of Islamic finance products and services as key factors stifling the growth of the Islamic finance sector in South Africa. In this context, it was deemed necessary to analyse how knowledge, awareness, expectations, beliefs, perceptions and ancillary external factors impact on potential users’ attitude and decision to adopt or reject Islamic finance.By means of adapting Fishbein’s (2000; 2008) Integrative Model of Behavioural Prediction, a universally-acceptable behavioural-change model, this research explains in a holistic manner how cognitive, affective and environmental measures impact on a Port Elizabethan Muslim’s attitude and eventual decision to accept (or reject) Islamic finance. This study has found that knowledge was the most important variable influencing attitude and intention to use (or reject) Islamic finance. Consequently, this thesis proposed that Islamic institutions should focus their efforts on promoting knowledge and awareness of their products among the South African Muslim and non- Muslim population. As the global Shari’ah finance industry continues its positive growth trajectory, it is imperative that Islamic finance stakeholders in South Africa ensure that they exploit the benefits derived from online learning platforms and assist, by means of cross-border collaborations, more students to have greater access to Islamic finance courses. Furthermore, universities and training institutions are encouraged to offer courses and qualifications in Islamic finance to close the talent gap that currently exist in this particular field of study.
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Hatta, Mohammad Firdaus Mohammad. "The compliancy and effectiveness of Islamic debt financing in the Malaysian economy from the perspective of ancient and contemporary literature." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683029.
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Johansen, Julian E. A. "Aspects of Sufi-orientated religious reform in modern Egypt, with special reference to the Muhammadiyyah Shadhuliyyah Order." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335874.
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Brigaitis, Peter. "Religious Engagement and Social Capital in the Islamic Context." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4788/.
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Social capital research has traditionally been conducted in western and Christian settings as a precursor of changes such as democratization and development. This paper focuses on Islamic religious engagement and its potential to foster social capital. The model presented here is designed to suggest whether the Islam's influence occurs through doctrinal channels, or through Islam's capacity to organize social structures. The analysis conducted is a linear regression model with measures of social capital as dependent variables and measures of religious engagement as independent variables. The analysis is conducted on data from the fourth wave of the World Values Survey. Results suggest that religious engagement and social capital have both belief and behavioral elements that should be treated as separate entities in quantitative research.
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Gallaher, Paul. "Political exclusion and violence : the Islamist movement in Egypt /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FGallaher.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning))--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Anne Marie Baylouny. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-105). Also available online.
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Adamsson, Hampus. "Essays on Islamic equity investing." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7800.
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Islamic finance is rapidly gaining momentum around the world. Interpretations of Shari'ah, or Islamic law, state that investments must be free from elements of riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), maysir (speculation) and haram (unethical) business activities. Islamic equity investing, therefore, utilizes a set of business activity screens and accounting-based screens to exclude firms considered non-permissible under Shari'ah. Despite increased academic interest, there is still much uncertainty surrounding the financial implications of these investment principles. This Ph.D. thesis, comprised of three empirical essays, aims to contribute to this debate. The first essay offers a comprehensive examination of Islamic equity index performance. The findings show that Islamic equity indices have exhibited abnormal returns on a global and developed market level, primarily due to their exclusion of stocks in the financial services sector. The second essay attempts to study the determinants of Islamic investments' financial performance, with a particular focus on the role of country-level factors. The third essay studies performance related issues associated with the accounting-based screening process. A significant proportion of these screens are documented to contribute positively to risk-adjusted performance, most notably in periods of financial market turmoil.
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Jahanbakhsh, Forough. "Islam, democracy and religious modernism in Iran (1953-1997) : from Bāzargān to Soroush." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34741.
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This dissertation aims to study the attempts made by contemporary Iranian religious modernists at reconciling Islam and democracy on the theoretical level. The prevailing theme in earlier studies on contemporary Iran has been that of Islamic resurgence or the socio-political outcome of the 1979 Revolution to the neglect of other significant issues or intellectual challenges faced by religious modernists in both the pre- and post-revolutionary eras, such as that of the problematic of Islam and democracy. The present work therefore, considers the views of certain Iranian religious modernists of the last fifty years on the question of whether Islam is theoretically compatible or incompatible with democracy. To this end, we examine the main principles of democracy and critically evaluate their parallels among Islamic norms. Then, the democratic notions of seven major Iranian religio-political thinkers are analyzed and evaluated in depth. We also try to show the perception that these men had of democracy and of Islam, how they sought to bring the two into conformity, on what basis they structured their arguments, and how their attempt in this respect differed from that of their predecessors at the turn of the century.Among the contributions of the present work to the field is its attempt to present, for the first time, the post-revolutionary religious intellectual trend in Iran with particular reference to the problematic of Islam and democracy. This is largely accomplished through an analytical study of its leading figure, Abdulkarim Soroush. The result suggests that his attempt is an unprecedented one in terms of content, method and consequences. Indeed it is a watershed in Shi'ite religious modernism in general and in the debate over the compatibility of Islam with democracy, in particular.
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Shaikh, Erum M. "War and peace: Towards an understanding of the theology of jihad." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5562/.
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The growing number of terrorist attacks waged by Islamic fundamentalists has led to an increasing desire to understand the nature of jihad. These attacks have led to a renewed sense of urgency to find answers to such questions as why these attacks occur, and who they are waged against. Towards this end I turn to examine the political philosophy of four Muslim theologians. Specifically I look at the political philosophy of Sayyid Qutb, Shah Walai Allah Dihlawai, Ibn Rushd (Averroes), and Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawy. I find that the notion of jihad is very inconclusive. Furthermore, the question of jihad revolves largely around the question of whether or not individuals can be reasoned with, and secondly whether religion should be compelled upon individuals.
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Saleh, Fauzan. "The problem of evil in Islamic theology : a study on the concept of al-Qabīḥ in al-Qāḍī ʻAbd al-Jabbār al-Hamadhānī's thought." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61323.
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This thesis deals with the problem of evil in Islamic theology, and, in particular, tries to examine the concept of al-qabih in al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar al-Hamadhanis thought. This study is based on the fact that Islam, like other monotheist religions, considers the presence of evil in the world as a grave difficulty, a situation which has resulted in much dispute among the mutakallimin. For 'Abd al-Jabbar, the problem of evil is discussed in the framework of the concept of divine justice. According to this formulation, God does nothing except the good, as he must do the obligatory (al-wajib), will not devote himself to anything except for the sake of goodness, and never desires to do anything repulsive but only chooses wisdom and righteousness. Thus, 'Abd al-Jabbar's discussion of the problem of evil is an effort aimed at defending God's justice and omnipotence in a world marred by the presence of evil. This is significant, since divine justice (al-'adl), together with divine unity (al-tawhid), constitutes the most important characteristic of Mu'tazilism, a characteristic by virtue of which the Mu'tazilites claimed for themselves the title of ahl al-'adi wa al-tawhid, the adherents of divine justice and unity.
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Al-Sayed, Hashim Abdulrahim. "A study on the development and analysis of investment tools in Islamic banks with special reference to the experience of Qatar International Islamic Bank and Qatar Islamic Bank during the period 1999-2009." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683089.
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Miller, Martin Jonathan. "Singing and dancing in Holy Spirit: an understanding of the Xhosa Zionist healing service." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007638.
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Introduction: This project takes as its subject a particular example of ecstatic Christianity of the African Zionist type, practised by a group of urban African persons in Grahamstown, South Africa. The study is concerned specifically with the meanings of music (singing and drumming) and movement (dancing and clapping) in the context of a Church service whose overall intention is the employment of spiritual powers in the healing of sick persons.
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Suhaila. "The status and rights of religious minorities in contemporary Islamists' discourse /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79772.
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This thesis is an attempt to examine one of the most important on-going debates in contemporary Islamists' discourses, namely, the status and rights of religious minorities in an Islamic state. The call by Islamists for the establishment of such a state governed by the Shari'ah has given rise to criticism that Islamization would entail the revival of the discriminatory rulings of traditional Islamic law with respect to non-Muslim citizens and the negation of the modern principle of the right to equality for all citizens irrespective of religious belief. To provide a background to the problem, this study presents a brief review of the stance of traditional Islamic law on the status and rights of non-Muslims living within the domain of Islam. This tradition has informed the discourses of contemporary Islamists on the question. Two currents of thought are examined: radical and moderate Islamism. Radical Islamists assert that granting non-Muslim citizens equal status and rights with Muslims is inconsistent with the teachings of Islam, although in stating this they confirm the apprehensions that Islamization would result in institutionalizing discrimination against religious minorities. Moderate Islamists on the other hand maintain that the concept of equal rights for all citizens is compatible with the tenets of Islam. Nonetheless, their arguments are not without problems as there are limits to how far they are willing to go in offering equal status and rights to non-Muslims.
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Mapara, Shahina H. "A critical examination of the ethics and methodology of Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi's Islamic economics /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30188.
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While much attention has been given to the abolition of interest in Islamic economics, there has been little attention given to the ethical framework on which it is based. Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi in Islam, Economics and Society (1994), presents an axiomatic approach to generating an Islamic economic theory from the ground up. Chapter one considers Naqvi's argument for a distinct Islamic economic system. Chapter two examines Naqvi's theoretical framework and the Islamic economic system which he derives from it. The chapter compares Naqvi's approach with that of M. Umer Chapra, who also adopts an ethical framework for the foundation of an Islamic economic theory. Chapter three examines the debate surrounding the definition of riba and the importance of riba in Islamic economics. This study concludes with a recommendation for a more systematic approach in interpreting the Qur'an, which is the source of Naqvi's economic axioms.
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Brown, Robert Bruce. "Holy war as an instrument of theocratic and social ideology in Judaic, Christian, and Islamic history." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1428.
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Vehapi, Flamur. "Conflict Resolution in Islam: Document Review of the Early Sources." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1446.
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Islam is the world's fastest growing religion. It is known to have an abundant and very rich amount of knowledge found in the Qur'an and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad, and as such, this religion has tremendously contributed not only to Muslim societies but also to the West. One aspect of this contribution explicated in this thesis is its contribution to the field of Conflict Resolution.
The primary purpose of this study is to unearth the tradition of peace and conflict resolution that comes out of the religion of Islam, which is unknown to many Muslims today. In this study, existing literature in the field is examined, and a qualitative exploration is carried out, in order to formulate a better understanding of the dynamics of the Qur'an, hadith and other documents of Islam, as they relate to peace and conflict resolution. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, data collected for this study came from two sources: the existing literature regarding Islam and conflict resolution and the participants (Imams and religious scholars of Islam) interviewed through a questionnaire.
To begin with, the thesis introduces the fundamentals of Islam and major concepts of the faith. It proceeds with Qur'anic and hadith injunctions on peace and conflict, and how those divine revelations as believed by Muslims, were applied by Prophet Muhammad and his early followers. This work is concluded with the opinions and interpretations of the scholars regarding the original question of this study and the matters discussed in the literature review.
The thesis deals with the teachings of the Qur'an and only investigates and analyzes historical events from the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad and the early caliphate of Islam. In the process, to further explore the concept of conflict resolution in Islam, interpretations of Muslim scholars and imams are included in this document review of the sacred texts of Islam. Some questions addressed in this research are, how might this knowledge be valuable to Muslims today in these times of great turmoil involving the Muslim world after September 11? Where do the primary sources of Islam, the Quran and the hadith, stand as far as peace and conflict are concerned? And most importantly, what does Islam have to teach about conflict resolution?
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Sajedi, Bidgoli Aboulfazl. "Revelation and reason in the thought of Ṭabâṭabâʾî, with special reference to the question of freedom in Islam." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23240.
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The relation between revelation and reason is a matter of interest for human beings and is connected with the development of reason and knowledge in modern society. Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, a modern Muslim scholar who was an expert in both Islamic philosophy and Qur'anic interpretation, developed new approaches to such issues as the role of human rational ability, logic and philosophy in religious knowledge. Furthermore he deals with such specific controversial topics on the subject of revelation and reason as, social freedom and freedom of thought and belief in Islam. He tends to elaborate his view of freedom based on both the Qur'an and rational bases. Tabataba'i's approach to revelation and reason, his reconciliation of them in general, and his specific perspective of freedom are studied in this thesis with respect to their underlying principles and their scopes.
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Ryan, Johnny. "Militant Islamist radicalisation : does the Internet atomise?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609943.
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Omar, Abdul H. "The influence of culture on Muslim athletes: A case study of 1998 Malaysian Commonwealth Games athletes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36751/1/36751_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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This study examined the influence of culture on Muslim athletes. Specifically, it focuses on the sports culture of the elite Malaysian Muslim athletes who competed in the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. The principal area of this research links culture, sports and society to Islam as this is a relatively unexplored area. To understand the sports culture of the athletes, the long historical background of the Malays was closely examined. Interestingly, as Muslims, Islamic culture forms their dominant culture. However, this study found that other cultural influences such as Post-Colonialism, Animism, Malay-Traditional and Hindu-Buddhism elements still exist in the present sports culture.
Studies such as those of Sfeir (1985), Benn (1996), Knop et. al.(1996) found that there were several contradicting values faced by Muslim athletes and this has led to their poor participation in elite competition. They did not highlight those problems. This study identified those contradicting values by referring to the fact that Islam encourages Muslims to be involved in sports and competition. The athletes' practices in spo1i were observed and discussed in conjunction with the Shar'iah (Islamic legal system) which formed the conceptual framework of the research.
The Islamic theoretical framework provided the basis for deriving the methodology of the research. Indeed, this study explored how the athletes interpreted their sports culture within the contexts of their everyday practices in sport. As such, a case study research approach was chosen. An ethnographic approach was adopted in order to assist the development of the case study and to provide an understanding of the athletes' cultural behaviour while taking into account the athletes' cultural diversity.
Finally, a systematic procedure of constant comparative analysis as developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) is used to generate the grounded theories concerning the phenomena understudy.
For the data analysis, NUD*IST 3, a software package was used to categorise and index the data.
Throughout the research project, there has been an attempt to add knowledge about the future direction of elite sport from the Islamic perspective and today elite sport is seen by many of those involved such as athletes, coaches and spectators as something which is exploited for material interest. The salient values in sports such as bringing individuals together, old fashioned skill development and developing a healthy society are slowly diminishing. On the other hand, values in competition were found to be influenced by sociological issues such as aggression, violence, commercialisation, and competitiveness. In most cases, these values were given priority especially by those categorising themselves as representing the 'elite class of sports'.
Maintaining religious values in sport was considered by those involved in this study to be conservative and outdated. These religious values were neglected because they could provide financial benefits. These negative influences in Malaysian sport created dilemmas for commit!ed Muslims on the team. As such, this study examined these phenomena and suggests ways to overcome them. To Muslim athletes, positive intrinsic values such as fair play, tolerance and goodwill remain prime concerns.
The core issue identified in this study is how differing cultures have influenced the athletes' sports behaviour. This project found that factors such as the athletes' level of faith, the differences between the sub-culture in sport and their dominant culture, athletes' experience, gender, academic qualification, religious knowledge, family socioeconomic status, community perception and family support, influence the formation of athletes' sports behaviour. All these factors were inter-related. However, the athletes' level of faith was identified to be the deciding factor. Five categories of athlete behaviours were identified. They were the devoted Muslims who are also professional athletes, non-practising athletes, withdrawers, those who competed with a sense of guilt and finally those athletes who are selective of the types of competitions which would accommodate their religious needs.
This study concludes that it is important for Malay Muslims to maintain religious values in sport. In fact, all athletes had indicated that all religions require their believers to practice positive values not only in sport but also in their other everyday practices. To Muslim athletes, the Shar'iah obliged them to behave decently and reject all negative acts when they are involved in sports and competitions. However, it was concluded that many athletes involved, especially those who categorised themselves as 'elite athletes' found it difficult to accept this fact, since they are much influenced by the sub-culture of elite sport which in tum is heavily influenced by material interests.
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Sandenbergh, Hercules Alexander. "How religious is Sudan's Religious War?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3470.
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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2006.Sudan, Africa’s largest country has been plagued by civil war for more than fifty years. The war broke out before independence in 1956 and the last round of talks ended in a peace agreement early in 2005. The war started as a war between two different religions embedded in different cultures. The Islamic government constitutionalised their religious beliefs and imposed them on the whole country. This triggered heavy reaction from the Christian and animist people in the South. They were not willing to adhere to strict marginalising Islamic laws that created cleavages in society. The Anya-Anya was the first rebel group to violently oppose the government and they fought until the Addis Ababa peace accord that was reached in 1972. After the peace agreement there was relative peace before the government went against the peace agreement and again started enforcing their religious laws on the people in the South. This new wave of Islamisation sparked renewed tension between the North and the south that culminated in Dr John Garang and his SPLM/A restarting the conflict with the government in 1982. This war between the SPLA and the government lasted 22 years and only ended at the beginning of 2005. The significance of this second wave in the conflict is that it coincided with the discovery of oil in the South. Since the discovery of oil the whole focus of the war changed and oil became the centre around which the war revolved. Through this research I intend to look at the significance of oil in the conflict. The research question: how religious is Sudan’ Religious war? asks the question whether resources have become more important than religion.
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Ali, Jan Ashik School of Sociology & Anthropology UNSW. "Islamic revivalism: a study of the Tablighi Jamaat in Sydney." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25771.
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Since the great Iranian revolution of 1978-79, there has been a significant increase in Islamic consciousness and activity in Muslim communities across the globe. As a phenomenon it has become known as ???Islamic revivalism???. Its hallmark is a return to Islamic origins, the fundamentals of the faith embodied in the Qur???an and the sunnah (sayings and practices of Prophet Muhammad). Contemporary Islamic revivalism has its roots in Muslim responses to European colonialism and imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century, when the darker sides of modernity began to reveal themselves in what was perceived as less than desirable social, cultural, economic, and political conditions of many Muslim communities and societies. Islamic revivalism has constantly featured in Islamic history and is by no means a new phenomenon. What distinguishes contemporary Islamic revivalism from earlier revivalisms is its complex multifacetedness as a defensive reaction to a new epoch of modernity described in revivalist circles as jahiliyah (ignorance). This thesis argues there is a central relationship between modernity and Islamic revivalism. Using in-depth interviews and participant observation techniques this study is an ethnography of the Tablighi Jamaat (Preaching Party), a transnational Islamic revivalist movement active in Sydney. It also seeks to locate the Tablighi Jamaat in the spectrum of Australian Islam. The principal argument of the thesis is that contemporary Islamic revivalism is a defensive reaction to modernity. Contrary to popular belief it neither constitutes an antimodernity nor does it seek to destroy modernity. Rather, it highlights that Muslims as adherents to a revealed tradition - Islam - are in a serious state of crisis. They are confronted with both material crisis and the threat of losing their faith and identity in modernity. Through a study of the Tablighi Jamaat the thesis argues that contemporary Islamic revivalism is, therefore, an attempt to rescue Muslims from their modern malaise through selective use of modern ideological and technical means.
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Ahmad, Abu Umar Faruq, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Law. "Islamic banking in Bangladesh." THESIS_CB_LAW_Ahmad_A.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/247.
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This study is primarily concerned with the theory of Islamic banking and its practice in Bangladesh, and shari’ah and its four sources forming the basis of Islamic banking are discussed at length. The research seeks to: analyse the theoretical foundations of Islamic baking and practice in Bangladesh; examine areas of similarity and differences between the structure and practices of Islamic banking and conventional banks; and identify the problems, challenges and prospects of Islamic banking in Bangladesh. The dissertation examines primary and secondary sources and draws on fieldwork in Bangladesh and the author’s personal experiences. The study undertaken shows that over the years there has been an expansion of Islamic banking in Bangladesh. Islamic banks are competing successfully with their conventional counterparts in an environment where rules, regulations and regulatory bodies are designed to facilitate banking based on interest. At the same time it has become apparent that the profit and loss sharing framework, which is one of the cardinal principles of Islamic banking, has yet to take deep root. The current profitability of Islamic banks is often maintained by products and services, which on closer analysis resemble broadly the products of conventional banking. It is thus suggested that more in depth research should be undertaken by Islamic bankers and scholars to study products and services of conventional banking with a view to adapting them successfully to the tenets of shari’ah.Master of Laws (Hons)
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Rahman, Zaharuddin Abd. "Islamic perspectives of derivatives : an appraisal of options, swaps and the merits of the Shariah compliant alternatives." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683262.
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Wani, Catherine. "Perceptions of the veil among a group of Sudanese women: A qualitative study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The Islamic dress code has been forcibly imposed on the women in Sudan, since 1983, and many feminists researchers have criticized the practices of the veil as a tool to oppress women. This study aimed to explore a group of Sudanese women, currently living in South Africa, experiences and perceptions of the veil, whether the veil is a religious dress code or a tool that has been used to exercise inequality.
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Kazemi-Moussavi, Ahmad. "The struggle for authority in the nineteenth century Shiʻite community : the emergence of the institution of Marjaʻ-i Taqlīd." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39275.
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The Shi'ite orthodoxy, represented by the Usuli trend, introduced a new institution, i.e. marja'-i taqlid, in the middle of the thirteenth/nineteenth century when the struggle for the authority of the Imam was heightened by the representatives of speculative thought in Shi'ism. This institution combined the status of the most learned mujtahid with the charisma derived from the vicegerency of the Imam of the Age without committing itself to miraculous performances or directly jeopardizing the ruling establishments. The Usuli orthodoxy successfully fought the Akhbaris' detachment from the formal bases of argumentation on the one hand and the direct pretension to the authority of the Imam by the Sufis and Shaykhis on the other hand. The Usulis not only placed the marja'-i taqlid at the head of the Shi'ite learned hierarchy, but gave his pronouncements as of binding authority for the community. Marja'-i taqlid benefitted from the growth of popular religion among post-Safavid Iranians whose religious alms and charities guaranteed the financial independence of the supreme mujtahids. Marja'-i taqlid played important roles in the socio-political development of the Shi'ite people of Iran and Iraq either by legitimizing their constitutional and reformist movements or opposing colonialist and Westernizationist processes. However, in practice, the institution of marja'iyat escaped any attempts to embed the institution into the constitutional system or into any formal structure of juristic hierarchy.
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Shankar, Jui. "Understanding Hindus' and Muslims' solutions for peace in Gujarat, India." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1379127.
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This research explored Indians' definitions of peace and their solutions for peace between Hindus and Muslims in Gujarat, India. The study also focused on peacebuilding efforts after the Hindu-Muslim violence in Gujarat in 2002.Members of a local NGO collaborated on the project by acting as gatekeepers in the field. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Hindi with twenty-nine adult men and women (20 to 64 years old) from both the Hindu and Muslim communities. To develop an understanding of the social context of each community, the researcher initiated conversations and walks around the communities with three key informants and she also conducted participatory mapping of the communities.Data analyses of the transcribed interviews was performed by two coders using the Grounded Theory approach in the target language, i.e., Hindi. Four main themes emerged: (1) descriptions of the community, (2) perceptions of relationships Hindus and Muslims, (3) peace and solutions for peace, and (4) hopes for the future. Smaller specific categories were captured under these broader themes.Based on the data analyses, analytic matrices representing the relationships between these categories and the two main research questions were generated. These matrices were developed drawing from data obtained during participants' interviews, conversations with key informants, the researcher's field observations, participatory mapping, and the available literature.Relying on the conceptual frameworks generated from the data, participants' definitions of peace and their solutions for peace in their community were elaborated. Participants' defined peace as the absence of both direct (e.g., physical violence) and structural (e.g., unemployment, crime rates) violence. Further, their solutions for peace incorporated direct (e.g., absence of physical violence) and structural (e.g., opportunities for employment) peacebuilding as ways- to promote non-violence in their communities. The analytic matrices derived from this study provided strong evidence to suggest participants' definitions of peace and their solutions for peace could contribute to peacebuilding between Hindus and Muslims in the communities in Gujarat targeted for this project. Implications for employing peacebuilding strategies to resolve conflict between other individuals are offered, as are recommendations for investigating solutions designed to facilitate peace and limitations of this study.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Obiedat, Ahmad Z. "Uṣūl al-fiqh hermeneutics as reflected on the debate on human cloning : a critical analysis of contemporary Islamic legal discourse." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79968.
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This thesis discusses the prohibition of human cloning in contemporary Islamic legal discourse, which relies on two distinct doctrines: the first seeks support in the Qur'anic text, while the second depends on method of utilitarian legal hermeneutics (al-istiṣlaḥ ). These doctrines are examined by comparing them to the method that contemporary Islamic legal discourse adopts, namely, uṣul al-fiqh. When this is done, a discrepancy emerges in the first doctrine that traces this prohibition back to the text of revelation, which in turn requires further clarification of the foundations of hermeneutics in uṣul al-fiqh---identified here as textual and legislative consistency. For this, Shaṭibi's theory of maqaṣid al-sharī'ah offers one of the most reliable bases for the hermeneutics to evaluate the second doctrine. The methodological venture in this thesis aims at criticizing the current methodology while at the same time offering a justified approach to hermeneutics in contemporary Islamic legal discourse and in the case of human cloning.
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Pisoiu, Daniela I. "Location - Europe, occupation - Mujahedeen : choosing the radical Islamist career track." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1960.
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This thesis conceptualises Islamist radicalisation in Europe as a process of occupational choice. It follows the approach to individual radicalisation as incremental development (process) with the consideration of multi-level factors and dynamics. The analysis leading to this multi-phase process is grounded in data, comparative and comprehensive since it adopts a perspective of individual life-stories. It conceptualises radicalisation phases and the whole process not as something specific but as a concrete variation of a more general process. It further accounts for gradual change in time instead of sudden and radical points of change from ‘normality’ to radicalism, at the same time clearly defining the phases of involvement and the main categories and conditions impacting on the Islamist occupational choice. The theoretical framework integrates rational choice and framing theory elements within a general approach to the phenomenon of interest as social process. The methodology used is grounded theory and the data sources are in the majority primary data from fieldwork in Austria, France and Germany, along with secondary data and literature as directed by theoretical sampling. The structure of the thesis develops as follows: a discussion and clarification of the radicalism and ‘radicalisation’ concepts; a review and critique of the main contributions in the literature on Islamist radicalisation in Europe; the outline, rationale and application of the methodology; the emergence and dynamics of the Islamist radical occupational choice process; the analysis of occupational choice categories; and the emergence and impact of interpretative frameworks in shaping occupational choice categories.
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Eltaiba, Nada. "Perceptions of mental health problems in Islam : a textual and experimental analysis." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0136.
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In this research I analyse how mental health problems are perceived in two primary Islamic texts: the Qur?an (the holy book for Muslims and the Hadith (the sayings and traditions of Prophet Muhammad). I then integrate this analysis with the perceptions of a cohort of Jordanian Muslims about their mental health problems and treatment. Two important theoretical frameworks underpin this research, namely the post-colonial theorizing of scholars such as Edward Said, Franz Fanon, and Homi Bhabha, and the Explanatory Model of Arthur Kleinman. Research on the assessment and treatment of mental illness in Islamic and Arabic culture is limited. What literature does exist, suggests that in spite of the increase in research on cultural issues related to mental health, there is a strong need for further research to explore the nexus between culture, religion and mental health diagnosis and treatment in non-western cultures, in order to advance cultural sensitivity amongst mental health professions. This research fills this lacuna in mental health scholarship about the mental health awareness and experiences of Muslims. All of the interviews were conducted at the Mental Health Centre in Jordan, where twenty male and female participants were selected and then interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. The textual analysis commenced while I was in Jordan but was completed on my return to Australia. The data were analysed using both NVivo software and manual coding. The results of this analysis are organized around the two main themes that emerged those of `Causation ’ and `Help-seeking ’. Sub-themes to each of these primary themes provide a comprehensive picture of the understanding and behavior of Muslim people accessing assistance from a mental health clinic, and contribute to understanding of mental health issues related to Islam and to Muslims living in Jordan. The research identifies that religion and religious belief are absolutely central to the way that this cohort of Muslim participants interpret the cause and development of their mental health problems and, further, it posits that this is due in part to the explanations of causation and coping contained in primary Muslim texts.
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Pohl, Dietrich Fritz Reinhold. "Nationhood and peace : challenges to official Islam in Egypt, 1952-1981." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670372.
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Mouton, Dawid Petrus. "Pastoral care as community care : towards an intergrative approach to healing and well-being within the HIV and AIDS discourse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71939.
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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study, in addition to problematizing a one-dimensional approach to health and well-being within the HIV and AIDS discourse, also aims to highlight the need and promote the idea for integrative community pastoral care as fundamental in responding to the HIV and AIDS epidemic. In developing such a framework for an integrative approach to healing and care, it becomes clear that a number of paradigmatic shifts in pastoral care are called for. In the past most of the prevention and intervention strategies within the discourse on healing within the HIV and AIDS epidemic, focused on the people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) and the medical science in its search for cure and effective antiretroviral medication. Little attention use to be given to issues of care as the primary focus appeared to have been on behaviour change strategies. However, as the complex nature of the epidemic and its impacts became more apparent, it gradually dawned on all disciplines that the virus entails more than an individual ailment as a medical concern. With the realization that the epidemic penetrates the quality of life and the basic structures for livelihood and meaningful living on all levels, came the acknowledgement that it has become a systemic and community issue. Any endeavour to be engaged with the epidemic should therefore shift from a merely personal (individual focus) and a medical (pharmaceutical focus) approach, to a community approach. Healing and prevention must also become a systemic and communal endeavour, and thus the reason to connect, in this research project, healing with a community approach to the HIV and AIDS epidemic. In the process of developing a framework for integrative care and counselling, the study explores the notions of health and well-being and provides a theological framework for understanding these concepts from a community perspective. This framework necessitates a number of paradigmatic shifts, particularly with regards to understanding the ecclesial identity of the church as a community of care. Both the understanding of health and well-being and that of an identity of care culminates from the understanding of God‘s passionate involvement in the human predicament of suffering, as implied by a theopaschitic approach. In order to develop an inclusive framework of care to be taken up in the ecclesial identity of the church, a number of metaphors for a community of care are explored as alternatives to the traditional kerygmatik model of the church.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie lug nie net die problematiek rondom 'n eendimensionele benadering tot gesondheid en welstand binne die MIV en VIGS diskoers uit nie, maar poog ook om die behoefte aan 'n integrerende gemeenskaps-benadering tot die MIV en VIGS epidemie te beklemtoon en sodanige benadering te bevorder. Dit word duidelik dat sodanige raamwerk vir 'n integrerende benadering tot heling en sorg sekere paradigmatiese skuiwe binne pastorale sorg vereis. In die verlede het voorkoming en intervensie strategieë met betrekking tot die MIV en VIGS diskoers meestal gefokus op die mense wat met MIV en VIGS leef, asook op die mediese wetenskap se pogings om 'n geneesmiddel en effektiewe antiretrovirale medisyne te vind. Min aandag was gegee aan die kwessies wat verband hou met versorging, en dit wil voorkom asof die klem eerder primêr geplaas was op strategieë om gedrag te verander. Groter bewuswording van die komplekse aard van die epidemie en sy gevolge het egter geleidelik gelei tot die besef onder alle dissiplines dat die virus meer as net 'n individuele siekte van mediese belang is. Die besef dat die epidemie lewenskwaliteit, en die basiese strukture van menslike bestaan en 'n betekenisvolle lewe, op alle vlakke binnedring, het uiteindelik gelei tot die begrip dat dit 'n sistemiese en gemeenskap probleem geword het. Enige poging dus om die epidemie aan te spreek moet daarom beweeg van 'n persoonlike/individuele en mediese/farmaseutiese benadering na 'n gemeenskaps-benadering. Genesing en voorkoming moet daarom 'n sistemiese en gemeenskaplike poging wees, en daarom ook die rede om, in hierdie projek, genesing in verband te bring met 'n gemeenskaps-benadering tot die MIV en VIGS epidemie. Ten einde 'n raamwerk vir 'n integrerende benadering tot versorging en berading te ontwikkel, ondersoek die studie die konsepte van gesondheid en welstand, en poog om 'n teologiese raamwerk te ontwikkel wat hierdie konsepte verstaanbaar maak vanuit 'n gemeenskaps-perspektief. Hierdie raamwerk noodsaak sekere paradigmatiese skuiwe, veral met betrekking tot die verstaan van die ekklesiale identiteit van die kerk. Die verstaan van beide gesondheid en welstand asook die van 'n identiteit van versorging spruit voort uit die verstaan van God se passievolle betrokkenheid by die menslike dilemma van lyding, soos geïmpliseer deur 'n theopaschitiese benadering. Ten einde 'n inklusiewe raamwerk van versorging te ontwikkel wat uiteindelik deurslaggewend in die ontwikkeling van die ekklesiale identiteit van die kerk kan wees, ondersoek hierdie studie 'n aantal metafore vir 'n versorgende gemeenskap as alternatiewe tot die tradisionele kerygmatiese model van die kerk.
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Mahallati, Mohammad Jafar. "Ethics of War in Muslim Cultures: a Critical and Comparative Perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102679.
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Rules of engagement, ethics of war, and codes of chivalry are all phrases which remind one of human attempts to rein in and regulate what is perhaps the most anarchic and illogical of all human activities: organized war. The role of the great religions of the world both in propagating war through crusades and jihads as well as their attempts at transcending its savagery through images of miles Christianus or the pious ghazi has also been much discussed. The aim of this thesis is to study the ethics of war in the context of Islamic societies in the Early Middle Ages from several complementary perspectives. Our sources for the period vary greatly from decade to decade and from region to region. This has often led historians of ideas and mentalities to concentrate on one aspect to the exclusion of others. This is particularly so in the case of ethics of war where most of the argument seems to concentrate on a few passages from the Qur'an, supplemented by some quotations from manuals of ḥadith and commentaries on them in the legal textbooks of the different religious schools. That all these are crucial for an understanding of Muslim attitudes and reactions to war throughout centuries is beyond dispute. But it remains, nevertheless, a lop-sided view: neglecting large areas of debate and speculation in literature, philosophy, and mystical meditations, presented as fully-fledged arguments or as occasional remarks and observations embedded in the extant texts from the period. By evaluating these scattered sources and listening to the different voices heard through them, I hope to show some of the different attitudes and responses to the ethics of war and avoid the monolithic and doggedly timeless approach which, at its worst and most extreme, envisages a non-existing consensus among the Muslims from the rise of Islam to the beginning of this new century and neglects the evidence of regional traditions and innovative thinkers by relying solely on a handful of quotes.
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Schbley, Ayla Hammond. "Religious Resurgence and Religious Terrorism: a Study of the Actions of the Shiʹa Sectarian Movements in Lebanon." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331281/.
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The purpose for undertaking this case study of the Shi'a in Lebanon is threefold. First, as a hypothesis-generating case study, its objective is to formulate relevant hypotheses about religious resurgence and religious terrorism. This study achieves this objective by formulating 14 general and nine special hypotheses, and testing and confirming the latter. Second, the purpose of this study is also to explore the trajectory of the Lebanese Shi'a's sectarian mobilization. This exploration permits the conceptualization of geocultural immobility and its effect upon a religious minority. It deduces that the Lebanese Shiga's geo-cultural immobility is directly related to their active religious resurgence. The third purpose is to study the changes in the objectives and tactics of a religious minority, that of the Muslim Shi'a in Lebanon. This research is able, via its primary and secondary data, to show a relationship between the Lebanese Shiga's religious resurgence and their use of religious terrorism. This study introduces the concept of geo-cultural immobility. A minority's geo-cultural immobility is identified as an imposed low geographic mobility within a nation with low cultural pluralism. It establishes the Lebanese Shi'a's geo-cultural immobility, to which it attributes their religious resurgence. This Lebanese Shi'a religious resurgence is proven in this research to produce zealots needed by religious terrorist organizations. This study also introduces and defines religious terrorism as violent acts performed by elements of a religious organization or sect, growing out of a commitment to communicate a divine message. It distinguishes between religious terrorism, secular terrorism, and fighters for religious freedom, which are based on the actors' motives, affinities, and consciousness of the maliciousness of their acts. The primary and secondary data and the quasi-experiment in this research support its special hypotheses. They indicate a statistical correlation between eight Lebanese Shi'a cultural and religious attributes: (1) age, (2) marital status, (3) extent of Shi'a Imam's militancy, (4) personal religious commitment and religious resurgence, (5) zealotry, (6) geo-cultural immobility, (7) imprisonment of family members, and (8) willingness to commit terrorism.
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Andayani. "Spiritual sensitive social work : a descriptive analysis of working with the dying." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99159.
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It is generally accepted that spirituality can play an important role in the end stage of the life of a person. Spirituality can provide a source of comfort and guidance and in so doing be a coping strategy. Social workers should take into account this spiritual component of their work particularly with clients who use spirituality as a form of social support. This thesis provides a theoretical understanding of spiritual based practice. It identifies the principles and competencies central to this practice, including the need for worker self awareness. It then illustrates how certain social work students have applied these principles in their practice with dying clients.The author's own identification as an individual from a religiously oriented Muslim country is used to illustrate the importance of understanding and working from the world view of clients. The author concludes that spirituality should not be ignored by social workers in their practice.
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Rehel, Erin Marie. "Female genital cutting in the context of Islamic bioethics." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83201.
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Female genital cutting (FGC) has received much attention since the early 1980s. Decried as both a human rights violation and a barbaric example of the patriarchal subjugation of women and girls in developing nations, FGC has only recently been examined within the cultural framework in which it takes place. This thesis will focus on the Muslim communities in Egypt and Sudan who continue to engage in FGC as a required Muslim practice. Starting from the notion that FGC has a limiting effect on a woman's overall health, this thesis will use three foundational notions from Islamic medical ethics to argue against the continuation of FGC. Specifically, it will elaborate and draw on the Islamic position in favor of organ transplantation, thus further illustrating the argument against FGC. By using principles and notions from Islamic medical ethics, this thesis will argue against FGC from within Islam.
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Rogers, Sherome. "The physical dimension of health : the neglected aspect of pastoral care." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52552.
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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Humankind has made great progress over the centuries in gaining an understanding of how the human body works. This has all been in an attempt to bring about health and healing where there appeared to be an unbalance in the body's normal functions. The mind also later became an object of study to address its relation to humankinds physical health. Later, social dimensions of health were also identified and were attended to. Yet, much disease and ailments seem to still plague our societies and communities. Theology in the name of pastoral care had been faithfully adding the spiritual dimension to healing. But it was only in the recent wake within practical theology that the theological sciences had entered into meaning conversations with other disciplines. These developments within practical theology raised a lot of question both inside and outside of the theological discipline. At the same time, this new fibrant branch of theology built bridges with the medical sciences, social and behavioural SCiences, management sciences, just to name a few. This study highlights the developments specifically around the scientific nature of theology and the conversation it had over the decades with medical science. It becomes clear that this dialogue is necessary as both theology and medicine have a common interest. They both complement each others dimensions and they address humankind in their state of pain and suffering. By covering the historical development of theology and medicine, proving their credibility as scientific disciplines, and pointing to their struggle with the dualistic concept, this study proposes to the Church and its healing ministry to restore wholistic healing in collaboration with the goverment services and local community structures.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mensdom het groot vordering gemaak oor die eeue deur kennis te versamel aangaande hoe die menslike liggaam werk. Dit was alles 'n poging om gesondheid en geneesing te voorsien waar dit gelyk het na 'n wanbalans in die liggaam se normale funksies. Die verstand het ook later 'n objek geword van studie om die verhouding van die mensdom se fiesiese gesondheid te ondersoek. Later was die sosiale dimensies van gesondheid ook geidentifiseer en aandag gekry. Tog, het vele siektes en Iyding nog steeds die gemeenskap geyl. Teologie het in die naam van pastorale sorg toewyding gewys deur spiriteule dimensies van gesondheid bygedra. Maar dit was in die onlangse ontwaking binne praktiese teologie dat die teologiese wetenskap die ander dissipline as waardevol gesprek ingegaan. Hierdie ontwikkelinge in praktiese teologie het baie vrae laat onstaan binne as ook buite die teologiese dissipline. Terselfdetyd, het hierdie nuwe stralende tak van teologie brue gebou met mediese wetenskap, sosiale en gedrags wetenskap, en bestuurswetenskap, net om a paar te noem. Hierdie studie fokus op die spesifieke ontwikkelings roundom die wetenskaplike natuur van teologie en die gesprek wat die oor die dekades voer met die mediese wetenskap. Dit word duidelik dat hierdie dialoog is nodig want beide teologie and medies het 'n gemeenskaplike belang. Beide komplementeer mekaar se dimensies en adreseer mensdom in hulle staat van pyn en leiding. Deur die historiese ontwikkelinge van teologie en medies te dek, om hulle te krediet te gee as wetenskaplike dissipline, en hulle stryd met die dualisties konsept uit te wys, maak die study 'n voorstel aan die Kerk en sy geneesing dienste om 'n holistiese geneesing te herstel in samewerking met goverment dienste end die plaaslike gemeenskap's strukture.
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Khairan, Ab Razak bin Mohd. "The influence of Islam in the military: comparative study of Malaysia, Indonesia and Pakistan." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1663.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedIslam permeated throughout the military institutions of Malaysia, Pakistan and Indonesia and replaced the Western and foreign military cultures the military had inherited due to society becoming Islamized following the revival of Islam. The implementation of true Islamic model practices and values differ slightly from country to country depending first on the level of piousness of its existing military personnel, new personnel input and the military leadership. The second factor is the degree of motivational drive of the head of state in encouraging Islam. Islamized military institutions are also faced with the challenges created as a result of sects and schools that emerge in the form of Islamic parties and extremist groups. The argument will be that Islamic teachings in military affairs can result in peace, solidarity and solve the Civil-Military Relations (CMR) problems. In the final analysis, guided moderate Islamic influence' bring harmony to CMR in Malaysia, while the uncoordinated influence of Islam in the Indonesian military made the CMR problematic. It is different in Pakistan because the strong influence of Islam has encouraged the generals to wrest political power from civilians.
Lieutenant Colonel, Royal Malaysian Air Force
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Munro, Marc Andrew. "Religion and revolution in Egypt." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43921.pdf.
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Thesnaar, Christoffel Hendrik 1966. "Die proses van heling en versoening : 'n pastoraal-hermeneutiese ondersoek van die dinamika tussen slagoffer en oortreder binne 'n post-wvk periode." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52218.
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Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study the process of healing and reconciliation between the victim and the offender in a post-TRC period in South Africa is being investigated with a view to the challenge it poses to pastoral care. The focus is specifically on the post-TRC period rather than the period during which the TRC operated. The post-TRC period is a period where the truth about the apartheid past is partially known, where guilt and mourning are part of the offender's struggle, where suffering, in all areas of life, is part of the victims survival, where there is an understanding of the emotions victims and offenders experience, where restitution and reconstruction create a new vision and orientation for victims and offenders and where the church is able to interpret the past, present and future in order make healing and reconciliation a reality. To accomplish healing and reconciliation between victims and offenders in the post-TRC period is regarded as crucially important in order to ensure that the atrocities of the past, in some form or another, will not be repeated. To ensure that healing and reconciliation between the victim and the offender is accomplished on a personal and a public level, it is necessary to gain a clear understanding of the practical situation of the victim and the offender. It was found that the terms "victim" and "offender" have to be conceived in a comprehensive way in view of the socio-political context of South Africa, and that guilt forms a core element, which calls for great sensitivity and empathy on the part of pastoral care. Within this comprehensive understanding it was also found that guilt is not to be conceived and explained merely psychologically and socially, but also theologically. For this reason it is crucial to conceive of victims and offenders within their context and to comprehend the real impact of guilt, suffering and mourning. Although these experiences take place on different levels, they form an indispensable indicator for achieving healing and reconciliation in South Africa (chapter 2). For reconciliation and healing to be realized between victim and offender it is essential, furthermore, that both should face the truth of what occurred in the past. In this regard it is necessary that truth should not be considered as mere verifiable facts. Rather, truth should be conceived as a process of interpretation aimed at the revealing of meaning within certain relations, contexts and experiences. Apart from having a liberating effect, truth is also a prerequisite for reconciliation (chapter 3). Subsequently, the influence of pastoral theologies on healing and reconciliation between victim and offender is discussed. It was found that pastoral care, to render a significant contribution to healing and reconciliation in South Africa, should make the paradigmatic shift from an individual client-centred pastoral approach to a hermeneutic cultural approach. It is essential for healing and reconciliation to be broadened from a mere subjective/individual understanding thereof, to healing and reconciliation as a systemic process of understanding and interpretation (hermeneutical) that is connected to social relations and inculturation. To ensure that this hermeneutic of reconciliation will have an impact on the practical post-TRC situation, it should be supplemented by a doing theology, functioning within a wisdom perspective; id est, a creative programme to bring together victims and offenders, as well as those who have been existentially effected by (the wounds caused by) apartheid (chapter 4). Finally, for remembering and storytelling to take place, and be significant for the process of healing and reconciliation between victim and offender, it is essential that it must be embedded in a practical-theological ecclesiology within which the church can serve as a forum for healing and reconciliation. To achieve healing and reconciliation, a liturgy of healing is proposed. It is important that the content and form of a liturgy of healing be determined by the following core elements: remembering, forgiveness, and the use of metaphors, symbols and rituals.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die proses van heling en versoening tussen slagoffer en oortreder in 'n post-WVK periode in Suid-Afrika met die oog op die uitdaging wat dit vir die pastoraat inhou. Die studie fokus doelbewus op die post-WVK periode en nie op die termyn waartydens die WVK geopereer het nie. Die post-WVK periode is 'n periode waar die waarheid aangaande die apartheidverlede deels bekend is, waar skuld en rou deel van die oortreder se worsteling is, waar lyding, op alle gebiede van die lewe, steeds deel van die slagoffer se oorlewing is, waar daar meer begrip moet wees vir die emosies wat slagoffers en oortreders beleef, waar restitusie en rekonstruksie 'n nuwe visie en orientasie skep vir slagoffers en oortreders en waar die kerk die verlede, hede en toekoms moet interpreteer sodat heling en versoening 'n realiteit kan word. Om heling en versoening tussen slagoffers en oortreders in die post-WVK periode te bewerkstellig is naamlik van kardinale belang ten einde te verseker dat die wandade van die verlede nie in een of ander vorm herhaal sal word nie. Om te verseker dat heling en versoening tussen slagoffer en oortreder op persoonlike en publieke vlak bewerkstellig kan word, is dit noodsaaklik om duidelikheid te verkry oor die praktiese situasie van slagoffer en oortreder. Daar is bevind dat die terme 'slagoffer' en 'oortreder' omvattend verstaan moet word in die lig van die sosio-politieke konteks van Suid-Afrika en dat skuld 'n kernelement vorm wat die pastoraat met sensitiwiteit en begrip sal moet hanteer. Binne hierdie omvattende verstaan is bevind dat skuld nie net psigologies en sosiaal verklaar en verstaan moet word nie maar ook teologies. Om hierdie rede is dit deurslaggewend om slagoffers en oortreders binne konteks te verstaan en die impak wat skuld, lyding en rou gelaat het te begryp. Hoewel hierdie belewenisse -'" op verskillende vlakke gelee is, is die verstaan van beide slagoffers en oortreders 'n onontbeerlike indikator vir die bereiking van heling en versoening in Suid-Afrika (hoofstuk 2). Vir versoening en heling om tussen slagoffer en oortreder plaas te vind is dit verder wesenlik dat albei die waarheid aangaande dit wat in die verlede gebeur het in die oe moet kyk. In die verband is dit bepalend om waarheid nie te beskou as 'n verifieerbare feit me, maar as In proses van interpretasie wat geng IS op SIll ontsluiting binne bepaalde relasies, kontekste en belewenisse. Behalwe dat waarheid bevryding bring, is waarbeid ook In primere vereiste vir versoening (hoofstuk 3). Die invloed van pastorale teologiee op heling en versoening tussen oortreder en slagoffer is vervolgens bespreek. Daar is bevind dat die pastoraat, indien dit In wesenlike bydrae wil maak tot heling en versoening in Suid-Afrika, In paradigmatiese verskuiwing sal moet maak vanaf In individuele klient-gesentreerde pastorale benadering na In hermeneutieskulturele benadering. Dit is essensieel dat he ling en versoening verb reed behoort te word vanaf In bloot subjektiewe/individuele verstaan daarvan, na heling en versoening as In sistemiese proses van verstaan en interpretasie (hermeneuties) wat aan sosiale verhoudinge en inkulturasie gekoppel is. Om te verseker dat bierdie hermeneutiek van versoening In impak sal he op die post-WVK praktyk, sal dit aangevul moet word met In daadteologie wat binne In wysheidsperspektief funksioneer, dit wil se In kreatiewe program om oortreders en slagoffers asook mense wat eksistensieel geraak is deur die wonde van apartheid bymekaar te bring (boofstuk 4). Vir herinnering en storievertelling om plaas te vind en betekenis te he vir die helingsen versoeningsproses tussen oortreder en slagoffer, is dit ten slotte wesenlik dat dit ingebed moet wees in In prakties-teologiese ekklesiologie waarbinne die kerk kan dien as In forum vir be ling en versoening. Om heling en versoening te kan vermag, stel die navorsing In liturgie van heling voor. Dit is van belang dat die inhoud en vorm van In liturgie van beling deur die volgende kemelemente bepaal behoort te word: herinnering, vergifnis, en die gebruik van metafore, simbole en rituele (hoofstuk 5).
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Aceves, Sara. "Ain't I a Muslim woman?: African American Muslim Women Practicing 'Multiple Critique'." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/38.
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This thesis explores both limits and possibilities. It reflects on processes of appropriation, re-signification and critique as practiced variably by African American Muslim women. I situate these processes within the concept of multiple critique, for specifically three moments-Sherman Jackson's Third Resurrection, the black feminist tradition, and Islamic feminisms.
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Murphy, Richard. "Health professionals and ethnic Pakistanis in Britain : risk, thalassaemia and audit culture." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2802.
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The central theme or 'red-thread' that I consider in this thesis is the concept of risk as it is perceived by and affects the two sides of the medical encounter -in this instance ethnic Pakistanis and Health Professionals- in Britain. Each side very often perceives risk quite distinctively, relating to the balance between the spiritual and temporal realms. This is particularly germane in matters to do with possible congenital defects within the prenatal realm for the ethnic Pakistani, and predominantly Muslim, side of this encounter. Thus one of the factors considered in this thesis is how senses of Islam impact upon the two sides. By ethnic Pakistanis Islam is seen as central to all life decisions, whilst Health Professionals view Islam with some considerable trepidation, little understanding it or its centrality to the former's decision-making processes. This is particularly significant with regard to attitudes to health and health care. In the initial stages of the project I had thought first cousin marriage (FCM), seen by ethnic Pakistanis as desirable and by Health Professionals as putting ethnic Pakistanis at-risk to be central to the argument, but concluded that concerns around FCM were a 'red herring', merely a trope for the tensions between the two sides -at once both British and at-risk from audit culture. Although no longer central, FCM remains a viable touchstone in consideration of the two sides' perceptions of genetic risk. In this thesis the medical encounter between ethnic Pakistanis and Health Professionals is performed within the realm of the so called New Genetics. Here the respective understandings of the New Genetics are informed by the enculturation processes that shape the two sides' world view. Furthermore, I will agree with Lord Robert Winston's and others' concern that any attempt to eradicate an adaptive genetic mutation, in this instance, thalassaemia, from the gene pool is not only undesirable in the short term, but also that such eradications may have an adverse, and far reaching, effect on whole population groups in the future. The main thrust of my argument is that audit culture not only compounds risk for both sides, but also perpetuates institutional racism within the National Health Service (NHS), by promulgating what I have called the language myth. That is to say that much institutional racism is the unwanted by-product of the NHS's attempts to become more patient centred and its continuing efforts to develop systems of best practice. This professionalisation process within the NHS can be seen to impact most strongly in relation to communication -particularly the claimed language barrier between the two sides. This 'barrier' has worrying policy implications for any meaningful communication between the two sides, notably relating to obtaining informed consent from ethnic Pakistani patients -with a resultant increase in risk for the two sides and clear economic consequences for the NHS.
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Al-Garni, Ali Dhafer A. "Broadcasting in Saudi Arabia in the era of globalization : a study of local constraints on television development." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2276.
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This study examines the reasons for the Saudi media mdustry's dependence on imported foreign productions. In a departure from traditional dependency theory, which emphasises the role of external factors in the context of the world system, this study explains the state of dependency and underdevelopment in a more locally grounded analysis which evaluates the role of Saudi media policies and regulatory functions in perpetuatmg this dependency status. Two methodologies were applied, firstly, content analyses of a two-week period of Saudi television programming on Channel 1 were earned out to examine the quantity and quality of both local and imported television fare in terms of genre and format, Secondly, mterviews were conducted with Saudi media officials, media pohcy makers, and mdependent local producers to ascertain, from their perspective, what exactly constrains the Saudi media industry and limits its potential, and why the Saudi media is dependent on imported television fare. The results of the content analyses and interviews showed that political, professional and economic constraints handicap STV's performance. This has led to output which is considered to be irrelevant to the needs and mterests of the Saudi viewing population. It has also led to an increase in imported foreign programming and DBS populanty, thus creating a cause of concern among culturalists and Islamists who object to content which, they argue, conflicts with the basic principles of the Islamic faith. Recommendations are proposed to Saudi media policy makers in order to counteract the foreign competition and enhance mdigenous, self-reliant development.
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Torres, Tania Maria Lopes. "O rito da unção: sucessos e fracassos de uma modalidade de cura religiosa na Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21061.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This research set out to qualitatively investigate the success or failure of the anointing of the sick as a means of statistically altering the predictable natural history of a disease. Its methodology consisted of an outcome study, as proposed by Finkler (1985), aimed at a rural community, in the Lagoa Bonita district, in Engenheiro Coelho, Brazil, where most of the residents profess Seventh-Day Adventistism. The data were collected by means of semistructured interviews with twenty-two participants. The sample was formed either with respondents (90% of whom were Adventists) who underwent the ritual of anointing (referred to as “subjects”) or, in case they were not available, with respondents who met the two ad hoc criteria for inclusion (referred to as “informants”): (1) close kinship; and (2) being present during the ministration of the rite. At least 14 (i.e., 63%) of the subjects could be described as being in severe or terminal condition. For the analysis of the data, Bardin’s content analysis method was used. At the end of the investigation, it was confirmed that the anointing of the sick is sociologically effective and anthropologically justifiable, since it belongs to the dimension of symbolic regulation, which is why spiritual caregivers can minister to patients with chronic pain in aspects often neglected by biomedicine, hence the need for its institutionalization as a possibility of treatment
Esta investigação se propôs a pesquisar qualitativamente o sucesso ou o fracasso da unção de enfermos como meio de alterar estatisticamente a história natural previsível de uma enfermidade. Sua metodologia consistiu de um estudo de resultados (outcome study), conforme proposto por Finkler (1985), voltado para uma comunidade rural, no bairro Lagoa Bonita, município de Engenheiro Coelho, onde os residentes são, em sua maioria, fiéis da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte e dois participantes. Constituiu-se a amostra ou com respondentes (90% dos quais eram adventistas) que se submeteram ao ritual da unção (denominados “sujeitos”) ou, no caso de sua impossibilidade, com respondentes que satisfizessem os dois critérios ad hoc de inclusão (denominados “informantes”): (1) parentesco próximo; e (2) presença durante a ministração do rito. Pelo menos 14 (isto é, 63%) dos sujeitos podiam ser descritos como em estado grave ou terminal. Para a análise dos dados, empregouse o método da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Confirmou-se, no final da investigação, a tese que o rito da unção é sociologicamente eficaz e antropologicamente justificável, pois pertence à dimensão da regulação simbólica, razão pela qual os cuidadores espirituais conseguem ministrar aos pacientes com dor crônica em aspectos geralmente negligenciados pela biomedicina, daí a necessidade de sua institucionalização como possibilidade de tratamento