Relevant bibliographies by topics / Headaches

Academic literature on the topic 'Headaches'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Headaches"

1

Forward, SP, PJ McGrath, D. MacKinnon, TL Brown, J. Swann, and EL Currie. "Medication Patterns of Recurrent Headache Sufferers: A Community Study." Cephalalgia 18, no. 3 (April 1998): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1803146.x.

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This community-based telephone survey determined medication patterns of 274 frequent headache sufferers who reported 12 or more headaches a year. Headaches were classified using the International Headache Society's (IHS) criteria. Participants reported on 465 types of headaches: 129 tension headaches, 158 migraine headaches, 8 chronic tension headaches, and 148 headaches which were unclassifiable using IHS criteria. Females ( n=133) reported an average of 1.9 types of headache and males ( n=141) reported 1.5 headache types. Fifty-six percent of respondents used acetaminophen for tension-type and 60% used acetaminophen for migraine. One percent used prescription medication for tension headache and 12% used prescriptions for migraine. The perceived effectiveness of over-the-counter medication was approximately 7 on a scale of 0–10 for tension headaches and 6 for migraine. Both tension-headache and migraine-headache sufferers waited about 1 h before taking any medication. Tension-headache sufferers waited until the headache was above 5 on a 0 to 10 scale (4.6 for migraine). It is possible that more aggressive use of medication might improve headache management.
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2

Djuric, Marija, Jasna Zidverc-Trajkovic, Nadezda Sternic, Jasna Trbojevic-Stankovic, Ivko Maric, Miodrag Milic, and Biljana Stojimirovic. "Hemodialysis-related headaches." Vojnosanitetski pregled 64, no. 5 (2007): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0705319d.

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Background/Aim. Hemodialysis (HD) is a therapeutic procedure used to partially correct homeostatic disorders and prevent complications of uremia to appear in the terminal stage of renal insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the incidence and features of headaches in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods. A total of 143 patients, 50 women and 93 men, undergoing hemodialysis, were questioned about their problems with headache using a questionnaire designed according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Classification of Headache Disorders from 2004. The patients were separated into two groups: the patients without headache and the patients with repeated headaches. Afterwards, the patients with headaches were further divided into subgroups: the patients who had the headaches before the beginning of HD and patients who experienced repeated headaches with the beginning of HD headache (HDH). In the group of patients with headaches we analyzed characteristics of headache according to which diagnoses of headaches were made, as well as the effects of HD on headaches. We also analyzed features of HDH. The patients with headache were compared to the patients without headache regarding sex, age, duration of HD, causes of end-stage renal disease, arterial diastolic and systolic blood pressure and serum concentration of hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium and potassium. The results were statistically compared. Results. In the group of 143 patients examined, 27 (18.9%) patients had headaches. There were no statistically significant differences between the group of patients with headaches and those without headache regarding to sex, age, duration of HD, causes of end-stage renal disease, serum concentration of hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium and potassium. The patients with headaches showed significantly higher mean values of systolic blood pressure during HD in comparison to the patients without headaches (p = 0.029). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean values of diastolic blood pressure. Nineteen (13.3%) patients had had headache before starting HD. HD did not have any effect on the characteristics of headaches in more than a half of these patients. In 8 (5.6%) patients we diagnosed HDH using the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Classification of Headache Disorders from 2004. HDH showed similar characteristics in all the patients: it appeared mostly in men, during the 4th hour of HD, lasted less than four hours, it was localized bilaterally in the frontal parts of the head, strong in intensity, throbbing and without the associated symptoms. Conclusion. The results of our study clearly showed that HDH was a particular entity of headache, not only because of its connection with HD, but because it had similar characteristics in all the patients in which it had appeared. Finding out the pathophysiological mechanisms of their occurrence would significantly improve the quality of life style of patients on hemodialysis. .
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3

De, Cadeo Chinh, and Hao Tam. "Unconventional Therapy on Headache from Anatomy and Physiology Standpoint." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study 3, no. 2 (March 16, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrmhss.v3i2.263.

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This article discusses applied pharmacotherapy related to headaches and Gout. Headache is one of the frequently reported subjective complaints. Based on the causes, they are classified as primary headaches and secondary headaches. The aim of this paper is that students can know the definition of headache, know the classification of panic pain, know the anatomy and physiology of headache, know the prevention of headaches and adjunctive therapy and know the management for headaches.
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4

Аrtemenkо, Аda R., Olga A. Shavlovskaya, Vera V. Оsipovа, Gennadiy V. Kovrov, and Rovshan L. Gasanov. "Sleep-related headaches: clinical features and treatment approaches." L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal 1, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2686-8997-2020-1-01-35-46.

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Headaches occurring during sleep are one of the most common types of night time pain complaints, along with back pain. Sleep-related headaches can be a manifestation of both primary headaches (migraine, cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, hypnic headache) and secondary headaches associated with somatic pathology (anemia, hypoxemia), neurological disorders (brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations), psychiatric (depressive, anxiety) and sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea). The relationship between headaches and sleep depends on the patients age, frequency and severity of the headaches, provoking factors (excessive sleep, sleep deprivation, overuse of painkillers), the stage of sleep (REM sleep or slow-wave sleep) and possible genetic predisposition (hemiplegic migraine). The connections between sleep and headaches are complex and interrelated. Sleep can both provoke and relieve headaches. On the other hand, headaches can cause sleep disorders, which are typical for a severe type of cephalgia with the development of chronic daily headache syndrome, medication overuse, and psychiatric comorbidity. General anatomical structures, neurochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms involved in sleep and headache regulation are assumed. According to polysomnography data, objective changes in the structure of night sleep were detected in patients with a sleep-related headache: a reduction in the sleep duration and a decrease in the slow-wave sleep representation. Most nighttime headache attacks are linked with the REM sleep phase. Management of patients with sleep-related headaches should include the diagnosis and treatment of both headache and sleep disorder, which will significantly improve the results of treatment or even cure headaches in some cases.
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Haas, DC. "Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches Classified and Compared with Natural Headaches." Cephalalgia 16, no. 7 (November 1996): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1607486.x.

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This study sought to determine whether chronic post-traumatic headaches are different from or identical to the naturally occurring headaches. The chronic post-traumatic headaches of 48 patients were classified, as if they were natural headaches, by the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. Thirty-six patients' headaches (75%) were chronic tension-type headache, 10 (21%) were migraine without aura, and 2 (4%) were unclassifiable. The characteristics and accompaniments of the headaches within each diagnostic group were then compared to those in a control group with natural headaches of the same type. No notable differences between the post-traumatic and control groups were found. Hence, chronic post-traumatic headaches have no special features, but are symptomatically identical to either chronic tension-type headache or migraine without aura (in this series of patients). This identity suggests that post-traumatic headaches are generated by the same processes causing the natural headaches, not by intracranial derangement from head blows or jolts.
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6

Shulman, Stan. "Headaches, Headaches, Headaches." Pediatric Annals 34, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-20050601-03.

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7

Souza, Delon D., Sonia Shivde, Poonam Awatare, Amrutha Avati, Saji K. John, Sagar Badachi, Raghunandan Nadig, GRK Sarma, and Thomas Mathew. "Headaches associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211050227.

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Objectives: The prevalence and characteristics of COVID-19-related headaches are not known in Indian patients. We aim to determine the prevalence and characteristics of headache in COVID-19-infected individuals and make a comparison with those without headaches. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted from 1 October to 31 October 2020. Data were collected using a detailed questionnaire. We compared the data of those with and without headaches to identify the differences between the groups. Results: During the study period of 1 month, among 225 COVID-19-infected patients, 33.8% patients had headaches. The mean age of patients with headache was 48.89 ± 15.19 years. In all, 53.9% were females. In 65.8%, headache occurred at the onset of viral illness; 44.7% described the headache as dull aching; 39.5% had bifrontal headache; and 32.9% had holocranial headache. In total, 78.9% had complete resolution of headache within 5 days. A comparison between those with and without headaches showed that those with headaches were more younger (48.89 ± 15.19 vs 54.61 ± 14.57 years, p = 0.007) and of female gender (41/76(53.9%) vs 41/149 (27.5%), p = 0.001). Primary headache disorders were more common in the headache group. Levels of inflammatory markers such as leukocyte count (7234.17 ± 3054.96 vs 8773.35 ± 5103.65, p = 0.017), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (39.28 ± 23.29 vs 50.41 ± 27.61, p = 0.02) and ferritin (381.06 ± 485.2 vs 657.10 ± 863.80, p = 0.014) were lower in those with headaches. Conclusions: Headaches are a common and early symptom of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection more frequently seen in young females and in those with a history of primary headache disorders. The lower level of inflammatory markers in those with headaches suggests that these headaches are probably due to the local spread of virus through the trigeminal nerve endings, resulting in activation of the trigeminovascular system.
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Greenfield, Daniel P., and Subramanian Hariharan. "Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Headaches." CNS Spectrums 4, no. 9 (September 1999): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900012153.

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AbstractIn this article, we will first present an overview of the epidemiology and classification of headaches, distinguishing between primary headaches (in which the headache itself is the primary disorder) and secondary headaches (ie, headaches due to an underlying condition, such as a neoplastic and/or space-occupying lesion, a cerebrovascular accident, or other type of structural brain lesion). We will use the current classification system of the International Headache Society, focusing on primary headache disorders (migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache), which we will discuss from the practical clinical perspectives of diagnosis and clinical management. Throughout this article, we will emphasize the chronicity and periodicity of headaches as a type of chronic pain syndrome.
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González-Quintanilla, Vicente, Jorge Madera, and Julio Pascual. "Update on headaches associated with physical exertion." Cephalalgia 43, no. 3 (February 14, 2023): 033310242211469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03331024221146989.

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Background Headaches associated with physical exertion include headache precipitated by coughing or other Valsalva maneuvers, headache brought on by prolonged physical exercise, sexual headaches and cardiac cephalalgia. Objective To review and update the clinical characteristics, etiologies, pathophysiology and management of these headaches related to exertion. Methods In depth review of the publications, both in PubMed and in the main textbooks, of the different headaches induced by physical exercise. Results Cough, exercise and sexual headaches can be primary or secondary; therefore, complementary studies are mandatory to rule out structural lesions. However, clinical characteristics, such as an old age and response to indomethacin for cough headache or being a young male and response to beta-blockers for exercise and sexual headaches, plus a normal examination are suggestive of a primary etiology. Etiology for secondary varieties, as posterior fossa lesions for cough headache or vascular malformations for exercise and sexual headaches, are also different. Finally, headache as a distant manifestation of myocardial ischemia, also known as “cardiac cephalalgia”, appears at exertion in around two-thirds of cases and typically lasts less than 30 minutes and is relieved by nitroglycerine. Conclusions Primary and secondary cough headache can usually be suspected based on clinical characteristics and separated from exercise and sexual headaches, which share many aspects. Cardiac cephalalgia is not necessarily an exertional headache and should be considered in adult patients with short lasting headaches and patent vascular risk factors.
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10

Selvakumar, Kiruthika. "THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES ON PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE IN PRIMARY HEADACHE." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, Spl-1- GCSGD_2020 (March 25, 2021): S01—S09. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(spl-1-gcsgd_2020).s01.s09.

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Headache disorders are among the most common disorders of the nervous system. According to World Health Organisation reports that almost half of all adults worldwide experience a headache in any given year. Based on research, headaches are classified into primary and secondary headaches. Depending on global prevalence the most common primary headaches are migraine, tension-type, and cluster headaches. If left untreated it can result in increased pain, decreased quality of life. The objective of this literature article is to analyze the effect of aerobic exercise on pain and quality of life among subjects with primary headaches like migraine, tension-type, and cluster headache and to discuss the current updates in the literature. In this article, relevant data available in PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline databases were retrieved from 2010 to February 2020 using the search terms aerobic exercise and tension-type headaches, aerobic exercise and migraine, aerobic exercise and cluster headaches, pain, and quality of life. The search strategy identified five articles that considered the effect of aerobic exercise on primary headaches like a migraine; tension-type and cluster. Results have positive effects for aerobic exercise on tension-type headache, migraine headache mainly on pain intensity, whereas the quality of life is less studied. On the other hand, these studies did not provide a specific protocol or parameter on exercise intensities. The availability of data on the influence of aerobic exercise on primary headaches though is limited, aerobic exercises are the best option for reducing pain and improving quality of life in primary headaches, especially for tension-type and migraine-type headaches.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Headaches"

1

Rossazza, Michèle. "Approche chronobiologique des cluster headaches." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23090.

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2

Gurr, Birgit. "Psychological characteristics of posttraumatic headaches and the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for posttraumatic headaches." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401917.

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3

Munch, Rod J. "Hypnosis : an effective intervention for migraine headaches." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28183.

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The general distribution of the headache worldwide, its widespread occurrence, and its frequency of incidence is well documented. It is a disorder that often goes unreported with pharmaceutical intervention being the most commonly applied remedy. The National Migraine Foundation estimates that 42 million Americans suffer from headaches. Of these 8 to 12 million Americans are afflicted by the migraine headache. This study examined the effectiveness of hypnotherapy as an intervention for migraines. It was a single case holistic study in which a 23 year old female migraineur provided the single unit of analysis. Assessments of self concept; stress; headache frequency, duration, and intensity; and consumption of pharmacological substances were made prior to treatment, during treatment, and following treatment. The therapy consisted of eight sessions over 2 1/2 weeks and consisted of a relaxation induction and guided imagery of control of physiological responses. An audiotape of the hypnotherapy intervention was also used on a dally basis by the client. Results from post therapy and follow-up tests confirmed the treatment was effective. This was maintained at the one and two month follow-ups.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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4

Björling, Elin A. "Exploring stress and headaches in adolescent females /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7285.

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5

Lea, Rod A. "An Investigation of Migraine Candidate Genes and Genomic Susceptibility Regions." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367547.

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Typical migraine, comprised of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO), is a chronic, painful and debilitating neurovascular disease which is generally characterised by recurrent attacks of severe headache usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photo and phonophobia. Migraine has been shown to affect a large proportion of Caucasian populations with a recent comprehensive study indicating that around 25% of women and 8% of men suffer from the disease. Strong familial aggregation of typical migraine and an increased concordance for the disease in MZ twins over DZ twins, suggests that it has a significant genetic component. Heritability estimates are calculated to be between 40% and 60%, indicating that disease variation, in part, is explained by environmental determinants. The mode of transmission of typical migraine is not clear but is most likely multifactorial. Although the MA and MO subtypes exhibit some clinical heterogeneity, segregation analysis has suggested that there may be a common genetic aetiology for MA and MO, and a major gene contributing to typical migraine pathogenesis. This idea is substantiated by the fact that both subtypes of migraine can occur within the same family and even within the same individual, with up to 33% of sufferers experiencing both types of the disease. In addition, migraine prophylactics have been shown to result in similar effects in patients treated for both types of migraine. However, whether the two subtypes are truly separate entities or not remains unclear. At present, the type and number of genes involved in typical migraine is not known. Despite this, several studies into Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM), a very severe subtype of MA, have led to the discovery that mutations in a brain specific calcium channel subunit gene (CACNA1A) located on chromosome 19, cause FHM in about 50% of affected families. FHM is a rare disease and is distinguished from typical migraine by its association with hemiparesis and clear autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. However, certain clinical features are common to both FHM and typical migraine including similarities in headache characteristics and triggers. Hence, FHM genetic studies provide a valuable model for investigating the genes involved in the more prevalent types of migraine with and without aura. For this reason the Genomics Research Centre has been conducting linkage studies utilising large Australian migraine pedigrees with a focus on the known FHM (CACNA1A) gene region on chromosome 19p13. Our results to date have indicated suggestive linkage to the FHM region on 19p13 in a large multigenerational pedigree (MF1) affected with typical migraine, with a maximum parametric LOD score of 1.92 (P = 0.001) obtained for a triplet repeat polymorphism situated in exon 47 of the CACNA1A gene. Expansion of this repeat was not observed, but is possible that mutations elsewhere in the CACNA1A gene may be responsible for migraine in this pedigree. To investigate this possibility, the current research involved sequencing two patients carrying the critical susceptibility haplotype surrounding the CACNA1A gene. The results of this mutation screen revealed no disease causing mutations or polymorphisms in any of the 47 exons screened. To determine whether the CACNA1A genomic region was implicated in typical migraine susceptibility in the general Caucasian population, 82 independent pedigrees and a large case-control group were also analysed using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. There was no linkage or association detected in these groups and thus, it was concluded that if CACNA1A plays a role in typical migraine it does not confer a major effect on the disease. However, subsequent case-control studies of SNPs in the INSR gene, which is located ~15cM telomeric from CACNA1A, provided evidence of association to typical migraine. Thus, the INSR gene may now emerge as the new migraine susceptibility gene in this genomic region on chromosome 19. Family linkage studies conducted by Gardner et al have implicated an additional FHM susceptibility region on chromsome 1q31. Furthermore, independent research carried out by Ducros et al. has indicated a second FHM locus at 1q21-23, which is ~ 30cM centromeric to the region reported by Gardner et al. At this stage it is not clear whether there is a single locus, or two distinct loci, on the chromosome 1q region. This research also involved a family-based linkage and association approach to investigating the FHM susceptibility region on chromosome 1q31 for involvement in typical migraine susceptibility in affected Australian pedigrees. Initial multipoint ALLEGRO analysis provided strong evidence for linkage of Chr1q31 markers to typical migraine in a large multigenerational pedigree. The 1-LOD* unit support interval for suggestive linkage spanned ~18cM with a maximum allele sharing LOD* score of 3.36 obtained for marker D1S2782, P = 0.00004. Subsequent analysis of an independent sample of 82 affected pedigrees added support to the initial findings with a maximum LOD* of 1.24 (P = 0.008). Utilising the independent sample of 82 pedigrees we also performed a family-based association test. Results of this analysis indicated distortion of allele transmission at marker D1S249 (global c2(5) of 15.00, P = 0.010) in these pedigrees. These positive linkage and association results will need further confirmation by independent researchers, but overall they provide good evidence for the existence of a typical migraine locus near these markers on Chr1q31, and reinforce the idea that an FHM gene in this genomic region may also contribute to susceptibility to the more common forms of migraine. The serotonergic system has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Researchers have therefore focused on the serotonin receptors and the genes that code for them when investigating this disease. Although serotonin receptor agonists have proven to be effective in the treatment of migraine, there has been little evidence of a serotonin receptor gene being associated with the disorder. However, in 1998, Ogilvie et al reported that a VNTR in the serotonin transporter gene (SERT) showed altered allelic distributions in a Danish migraine population. In addition to serotonin, there has been renewed interest in the involvement of the dopaminergic pathways in migraine. This interest has gained impetus since the study of Peroutka et al who reported an allelic association between the dopamine receptor gene DRD2 and migraine with aura. Another dopamine related gene, the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH), has been localised to Chr 9q34 and codes for the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. It therefore plays an important role in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Serum levels of DbH enzyme have been reported to be elevated in migrainous patients during the headache phase of an attack. Also, significantly increased DbH enzyme activity has been observed in migraine patients during the headache-free interval. Thus, the DBH gene is another good candidate for involvement in migraine pathophysiology and, to our knowledge, has not been previously implicated in this disease. Candidate gene studies may be useful strategies for identifying genes involved in complex diseases such as migraine, especially if the gene being examined contributes only a minor effect to the overall phenotype. This research also involved a linkage and association approach to investigating neurotransmitter related migraine candidate genes. Specifically, polymorphisms within the serotonin transporter gene (SERT), the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) and the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene were tested in unrelated Caucasian migraineurs and non-migraine control individuals. In addition, an independent sample of 82 families affected with migraine were examined. Unrelated case-control association analysis of a DBH intragenic dinucleotide polymorphism indicated altered allelic distribution between migraine and control groups (c2 = 16.53, P = 0.019). Furthermore, the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) which was implemented on the family data also indicated distortion of allele transmission for the same DBH marker (c2 = 4.44, P = 0.035). Together, these results provide evidence for allelic association of the DBH gene with typical migraine susceptibility (Fisher's Combined P-value = 0.006) and indicate that further research into the role of the DBH gene in migraine aetiology is warranted. Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as a key molecule affecting the pain associated with migraine. Since nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes catalyse the synthesis of NO, the genes that code for these enzymes are good candidates for migraine molecular genetic analysis. This research involved investigating the role of a functionally relevant bi-allelic tetranucleotide polymorphism located in the promoter region of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in migraine aetiology. A large group of migraine affected individuals were genotyped and compared to an age and sex matched group of unaffected controls. Results of a chi-squared analysis indicated that allele distributions for both migraine cases and controls were not significantly different (c2 = 1.93, P = 0.16). These findings offer no evidence for an allelic association of the tested iNOS polymorphism with the common forms of the disease and therefore do not support a role for this gene in migraine pathogenesis. In summary, this research involved linkage and association analysis of migraine candidate genes and genomic susceptibility regions. Whilst, the known FHM gene (CACNA1A) was excluded for significant involvement in typical migraine the adjacent INSR gene has been associated. Migraine is genetically heterogeneous and the results of this research also provide good evidence that the DBH gene is involved in disease predisposition, whilst the DRD2, SERT and INOS gene were not shown to be implicated. An additional susceptibility region for typical migraine is also likely to localise to chromosome 1q31. Overall, the results presented in this thesis have contributed valuable data to the understanding of the molecular genetics of migraine with and without aura. Future research into the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine will greatly facilitate the development of more effective diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sciences
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6

Svensson, Dan A. "Genetic and environmental influences on major recurrent headaches /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-773-8/.

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7

Lea, Rod A., and n/a. "An Investigation of Migraine Candidate Genes and Genomic Susceptibility Regions." Griffith University. School of Health Science, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030526.153246.

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Typical migraine, comprised of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO), is a chronic, painful and debilitating neurovascular disease which is generally characterised by recurrent attacks of severe headache usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photo and phonophobia. Migraine has been shown to affect a large proportion of Caucasian populations with a recent comprehensive study indicating that around 25% of women and 8% of men suffer from the disease. Strong familial aggregation of typical migraine and an increased concordance for the disease in MZ twins over DZ twins, suggests that it has a significant genetic component. Heritability estimates are calculated to be between 40% and 60%, indicating that disease variation, in part, is explained by environmental determinants. The mode of transmission of typical migraine is not clear but is most likely multifactorial. Although the MA and MO subtypes exhibit some clinical heterogeneity, segregation analysis has suggested that there may be a common genetic aetiology for MA and MO, and a major gene contributing to typical migraine pathogenesis. This idea is substantiated by the fact that both subtypes of migraine can occur within the same family and even within the same individual, with up to 33% of sufferers experiencing both types of the disease. In addition, migraine prophylactics have been shown to result in similar effects in patients treated for both types of migraine. However, whether the two subtypes are truly separate entities or not remains unclear. At present, the type and number of genes involved in typical migraine is not known. Despite this, several studies into Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM), a very severe subtype of MA, have led to the discovery that mutations in a brain specific calcium channel subunit gene (CACNA1A) located on chromosome 19, cause FHM in about 50% of affected families. FHM is a rare disease and is distinguished from typical migraine by its association with hemiparesis and clear autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. However, certain clinical features are common to both FHM and typical migraine including similarities in headache characteristics and triggers. Hence, FHM genetic studies provide a valuable model for investigating the genes involved in the more prevalent types of migraine with and without aura. For this reason the Genomics Research Centre has been conducting linkage studies utilising large Australian migraine pedigrees with a focus on the known FHM (CACNA1A) gene region on chromosome 19p13. Our results to date have indicated suggestive linkage to the FHM region on 19p13 in a large multigenerational pedigree (MF1) affected with typical migraine, with a maximum parametric LOD score of 1.92 (P = 0.001) obtained for a triplet repeat polymorphism situated in exon 47 of the CACNA1A gene. Expansion of this repeat was not observed, but is possible that mutations elsewhere in the CACNA1A gene may be responsible for migraine in this pedigree. To investigate this possibility, the current research involved sequencing two patients carrying the critical susceptibility haplotype surrounding the CACNA1A gene. The results of this mutation screen revealed no disease causing mutations or polymorphisms in any of the 47 exons screened. To determine whether the CACNA1A genomic region was implicated in typical migraine susceptibility in the general Caucasian population, 82 independent pedigrees and a large case-control group were also analysed using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. There was no linkage or association detected in these groups and thus, it was concluded that if CACNA1A plays a role in typical migraine it does not confer a major effect on the disease. However, subsequent case-control studies of SNPs in the INSR gene, which is located ~15cM telomeric from CACNA1A, provided evidence of association to typical migraine. Thus, the INSR gene may now emerge as the new migraine susceptibility gene in this genomic region on chromosome 19. Family linkage studies conducted by Gardner et al have implicated an additional FHM susceptibility region on chromsome 1q31. Furthermore, independent research carried out by Ducros et al. has indicated a second FHM locus at 1q21-23, which is ~ 30cM centromeric to the region reported by Gardner et al. At this stage it is not clear whether there is a single locus, or two distinct loci, on the chromosome 1q region. This research also involved a family-based linkage and association approach to investigating the FHM susceptibility region on chromosome 1q31 for involvement in typical migraine susceptibility in affected Australian pedigrees. Initial multipoint ALLEGRO analysis provided strong evidence for linkage of Chr1q31 markers to typical migraine in a large multigenerational pedigree. The 1-LOD* unit support interval for suggestive linkage spanned ~18cM with a maximum allele sharing LOD* score of 3.36 obtained for marker D1S2782, P = 0.00004. Subsequent analysis of an independent sample of 82 affected pedigrees added support to the initial findings with a maximum LOD* of 1.24 (P = 0.008). Utilising the independent sample of 82 pedigrees we also performed a family-based association test. Results of this analysis indicated distortion of allele transmission at marker D1S249 (global c2(5) of 15.00, P = 0.010) in these pedigrees. These positive linkage and association results will need further confirmation by independent researchers, but overall they provide good evidence for the existence of a typical migraine locus near these markers on Chr1q31, and reinforce the idea that an FHM gene in this genomic region may also contribute to susceptibility to the more common forms of migraine. The serotonergic system has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Researchers have therefore focused on the serotonin receptors and the genes that code for them when investigating this disease. Although serotonin receptor agonists have proven to be effective in the treatment of migraine, there has been little evidence of a serotonin receptor gene being associated with the disorder. However, in 1998, Ogilvie et al reported that a VNTR in the serotonin transporter gene (SERT) showed altered allelic distributions in a Danish migraine population. In addition to serotonin, there has been renewed interest in the involvement of the dopaminergic pathways in migraine. This interest has gained impetus since the study of Peroutka et al who reported an allelic association between the dopamine receptor gene DRD2 and migraine with aura. Another dopamine related gene, the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH), has been localised to Chr 9q34 and codes for the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. It therefore plays an important role in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Serum levels of DbH enzyme have been reported to be elevated in migrainous patients during the headache phase of an attack. Also, significantly increased DbH enzyme activity has been observed in migraine patients during the headache-free interval. Thus, the DBH gene is another good candidate for involvement in migraine pathophysiology and, to our knowledge, has not been previously implicated in this disease. Candidate gene studies may be useful strategies for identifying genes involved in complex diseases such as migraine, especially if the gene being examined contributes only a minor effect to the overall phenotype. This research also involved a linkage and association approach to investigating neurotransmitter related migraine candidate genes. Specifically, polymorphisms within the serotonin transporter gene (SERT), the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) and the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene were tested in unrelated Caucasian migraineurs and non-migraine control individuals. In addition, an independent sample of 82 families affected with migraine were examined. Unrelated case-control association analysis of a DBH intragenic dinucleotide polymorphism indicated altered allelic distribution between migraine and control groups (c2 = 16.53, P = 0.019). Furthermore, the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) which was implemented on the family data also indicated distortion of allele transmission for the same DBH marker (c2 = 4.44, P = 0.035). Together, these results provide evidence for allelic association of the DBH gene with typical migraine susceptibility (Fisher's Combined P-value = 0.006) and indicate that further research into the role of the DBH gene in migraine aetiology is warranted. Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as a key molecule affecting the pain associated with migraine. Since nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes catalyse the synthesis of NO, the genes that code for these enzymes are good candidates for migraine molecular genetic analysis. This research involved investigating the role of a functionally relevant bi-allelic tetranucleotide polymorphism located in the promoter region of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in migraine aetiology. A large group of migraine affected individuals were genotyped and compared to an age and sex matched group of unaffected controls. Results of a chi-squared analysis indicated that allele distributions for both migraine cases and controls were not significantly different (c2 = 1.93, P = 0.16). These findings offer no evidence for an allelic association of the tested iNOS polymorphism with the common forms of the disease and therefore do not support a role for this gene in migraine pathogenesis. In summary, this research involved linkage and association analysis of migraine candidate genes and genomic susceptibility regions. Whilst, the known FHM gene (CACNA1A) was excluded for significant involvement in typical migraine the adjacent INSR gene has been associated. Migraine is genetically heterogeneous and the results of this research also provide good evidence that the DBH gene is involved in disease predisposition, whilst the DRD2, SERT and INOS gene were not shown to be implicated. An additional susceptibility region for typical migraine is also likely to localise to chromosome 1q31. Overall, the results presented in this thesis have contributed valuable data to the understanding of the molecular genetics of migraine with and without aura. Future research into the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine will greatly facilitate the development of more effective diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Knight, Yolanda Edna. "Midbrain periaqueductal grey modulation trigeminal nociception : relationship to migraine." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272390.

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Maude, Sophia Karen. "An investigation of genetic risk factors for migraine." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248576.

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Migraine manifests itself episodically with incidence ranging from one attack in a lifetime to one almost every day. Most migraineurs suffer from typical migraine with or without aura, that is inherited in a complex manner. A small number of migraineurs suffer from FHM, a condition that exhibits Mendelian inheritance. BFNC is another rare episodic disorder that exhibits Mendelian inheritance. In a four generational family the BFNC phenotype was linked to the KCNQ2 gene on chromosome 20q13.3. Blood samples and epidemiological information were collected from 214 migraine probands in the Grampian region. An Access database was created to hold these data which were subsequently input. The database was utilised to extract epidemiological information about the cohort for subsequent analysis. These data were compared to other studies to characterise the severity of the cohort. A total of six polymorphisms were analysed by association analysis for involvement in migraine. The first polymorphism to be analysed was the -141C Ins/Del polymorphism in the DRD2 gene on chromosome 11q22. This polymorphism was analysed by restriction digest. Statistical analysis excluded this polymorphism and the regions encompassed by linkage disequilibrium in the aetiology of migraine. The second and third polymorphisms were located in intron 1 of the ERa gene on chromosome 6q25. These two polymorphisms were identified by restriction digest. Individual and haplotype analysis excluded the involvement of both polymorphisms in the aetiology of migraine. The fourth, fifth and sixth polymorphisms were located in exon 47, exon 23 and exon 8 of the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13. The polymorphisms were analysed by capillary electrophoresis, restriction digest and DASH, respectively. All three polymorphisms were excluded from the aetiology of migraine. A total of 12 hot spot exons were sequenced in the CACNA1A gene in one individual afflicted by FHM and two by HM. No mutations were presented in the exons sequenced.
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Hunt, Megan. "Effectiveness of Pharmacological Treatments in Imploding vs. Exploding Headaches." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281156.

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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Recent research shows variability in the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A among patients who experience their headaches as imploding compared with those who experience exploding headache sensations. Further research has not yet examined whether such variability exists among other pharmacological treatments. This study examines the effectiveness of acute and preventative medications in imploding vs. exploding headaches. 201 patients were recruited in the Women’s Health Internal Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic. These patients were given surveys to determine their physician identified headache type (imploding, exploding, or ocular), as well as patient-reported information about the effectiveness of prophylactic medications or triptans. This data was analyzed to determine whether a significant difference existed between medications that were effective for imploding, exploding, or ocular headaches. The study found that no such difference existed. The data was also used to analyze the correlation between physician-identified headache type and the patient-identified headache type. There appears to be only a weak correlation between these assignments, suggesting some room for improvement in the way headache directionality is explored by physician and understood by patients. In the future, research will hopefully uncover additional factors which are useful as predictors for migraine pharmacology.
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Books on the topic "Headaches"

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Kittredge, Mary. Headaches. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989.

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Falletta, Betty Ann. Headaches. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1986.

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Karen, Sullivan, ed. Headaches. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1993.

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B, Silverstein Virginia, and Nunn Laura Silverstein, eds. Headaches. New York: Franklin Watts, 2001.

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Jes, Olesen, Tfelt-Hansen Peer, and Welch K. M. A, eds. The Headaches. New York: Raven Press, 1993.

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Smith, Gerald H. Headaches aren't forever. Newtown, PA: International Center For Nutritional Research, 1986.

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Besen, Irving. Homeopathy for headaches. Ventura, Calif: Besen, 1994.

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Finnigan, Jeffry. Life beyond headaches. 2nd ed. Olympia, WA: Finnigan Clinic, 1999.

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Migraines and headaches. New York: Rosen Pub., 2009.

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Igram, Cassim. Who needs headaches? Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Literary Visions Pub., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Headaches"

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Kaspo, Ghabi A. "Headaches, Migraine, and Cluster Headache." In Orofacial Pain, 133–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01875-1_11.

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Sethna, Navil F., and Alyssa A. Lebel. "Headaches." In Pain in Children, 173–83. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-476-6_18.

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Ellis, Nadia. "Headaches." In Acupuncture in Clinical Practice, 265–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4545-7_16.

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Lichtenstein, Ann H., and Kirk Lercher. "Headaches." In Musculoskeletal Sports and Spine Disorders, 3–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50512-1_1.

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Williamson, Donald A., C. J. Davis, and Mary Lou Kelley. "Headaches." In Handbook of Child Psychopathology, 317–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1162-2_16.

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D’ Amico, Domenico, Alberto Proietti Cecchini, Susanna Usai, Licia Grazzi, and Gennaro Bussone. "Headaches." In Prognosis of Neurological Diseases, 273–85. Milano: Springer Milan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5755-5_22.

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Blanchard, Edward B. "Headaches." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 4., 67–70. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10519-032.

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Brook, Rachel, and Deborah Kwolek. "Headaches." In Sex- and Gender-Based Women's Health, 429–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50695-7_28.

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Green, Mark W., Leah M. Green, and John F. Rothrock. "When Is a Headache More Than “Just a Headache?”: The Secondary Headaches." In Managing Your Headaches, 13–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27571-1_2.

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Feoktistov, Alexander. "Headache Classifications and Medically Resistant Headaches." In Interventional Management of Head and Face Pain, 3–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8951-1_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Headaches"

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Oliveira, Igor Jacomedes de, Cíntia Gonçalves Nogueira, Gabriela Ferreira Paticcié, Leonardo Oliveira Silva, Vívian Maria Gomes de Oliveira, Felipe Henriques Carvalho Soares, Danilo Jorge da Silva, Thiago Cardoso Vale, Leopoldo Antônio Pires, and Luiz Paulo Bastos Vasconcelos. "Headache Prevalence in a Specialized Center." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.411.

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Background: Headache is the most frequent neurological complaint in the population and the group of tension-type headaches (TTH) is the most prevalent subtype. Nevertheless, more information about the clinical features of headaches in patients attended at specialized centers are demanded. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data from patients referred to an outpatient specialized headache center from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed and clinical and epidemiological information was collected. This study was authorized by the research ethics committee of the HUUFJF (CAAE 03530818.9.0000.5133). Results: Data from 153 patients were assessed. The mean age of patients was 45,6 years and most cases were women (80,4%). The most frequent diagnosis were migraine (49,7%), TTH (22,8%) and temporomandibular disorders (8,5%). The prevalence of chronic headaches was 46,6%. Analgesic abuse was identified in 32% of participants, with a higher prevalence in women (Fischer’s exact test, P=0,05). Prophylactic treatment was used by 84,3% of the subjects. Pain was self-reported mild in 21,6% of cases, moderate in 30,1% and severe in 47,1%. The pain severity was inversely proportional to age (P=0,012). The most frequent associated symptoms were photophobia (57,5%), phonophobia (56,9%), nausea/ vomiting (47,1%). Conclusions: The findings show important differences in the prevalence of headache cases in specialized centers compared to the general population. Given the high prevalence of analgesic abuse reported, the development of effective educational programs for patients and healthcare providers at primary and secondary health services, might reduce the social burden of chronic headaches and decrease the demand for consultations on specialized headache clinics.
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Ximenes, Marcelo Tognato, Isabella Silva Picon, Ivy Liger Riso, Anielle Melina Florencio, and Renan Barros Domingues. "Continuous Hemicrania After Clipping of Internal Carotid Aneurism: Case Report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.376.

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Context: The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are primary headaches, however there are some reports of patients with TAC phenotypes related to vascular or neoplastic lesions. We discuss here the case of a patient presenting a headache with a pattern of continuous hemicrania developed after aneurysm clipping surgery. Case report: Male, 37 years old, presented with periodic migraine since childhood, worsening after surgical approach of a ruptured right internal carotid artery aneurysm in 2014. Developed structural epilepsy after the surgical approach. Headache begins in the right occipital region radiating to right hemicranium, of severe intensity, pulsatile, intermittent, lasting 2 hours, partial improvement between crises, with persistence of mild to moderate pain between crises. Exacerbations were accompanied by ocular hyperemia and ipsilateral lacrimation, little improvement with analgesics. Normal neurological examination. Presented total control of the pain after the introduction of indomethacin. Conclusion: Continuous hemicrania is a primary headache with a therapeutic response to indomethacin, classified in the TACs group. Secondary cases may be related to trauma, craniotomy, expansive intracranial injury, among others. The patient presented with these headaches after a surgical approach to clip a ruptured aneurysm. Previous headaches had another pattern. There is a previous report of continuous hemicrania related to an aneurysm of the anterior communicant. This extremely rare case illustrates the importance of testing with indomethacin when this phenotype is present, even in the presence of a triggering factor.
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Erthal, Jullyane Lutterbach, and Caroline Matos de Souza Franco Rêgo. "The relationship between tension headache and screen exposure in children and adolescents." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.307.

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Background: Primary headaches are idiopathic or genetic conditions without a known secondary cause. Primary tension-type headache is characterized by bilateral, non-throbbing pain, of mild to moderate intensity. Nowadays, with greater exposure to electronics, a relationship was observed between screen time and increased tension headache among children and adolescents. Objective: Elucidate the association between tension-type headache and increased screen exposure among children and adolescents. Methods: A literature review was carried out after analyzing scientific articles from 2014 to 2020, on Scielo, UPTODATE and Pubmed, in Portuguese and English. Results: With technological development and behavioural changes, the use of electronics has grown among children and adolescents. However, its overuse causes consequences such as a sedentary lifestyle, stress, reduced socialization and complaints of headache. In children, the most prevalent primary headaches are tension-type and migraine. The tension-type headache is characterized by bilateral location, in pressure, with photophobia or phonophobia, without nausea or vomiting. The hypothesis that best explains the association between tension headache and screen exposure is that consecutive periods of electronic activities cause sustained muscle tension and pain. Furthermore, there is an influence of genetic factors, diet and psychological stress. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness of the importance of an approach to avoid triggers for headache in children, such as controlling screen time and maintaining healthy habits. Conclusions: The correlation between excessive screen time and headache is substantial and admits an educational performance by health professionals to avoid harmful consequences to growth.
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Michael, A., K. Vraka, A. Ponnampalam, and W. Whitehouse. "G327(P) Characteristics and outcome of headaches in children from a tertiary care headache clinic." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.317.

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Pickering, J. "25 years of precision AC headaches." In IEE Colloquium on Precision AC Voltage and Current Measurements up to 1 MHz. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970884.

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Capetillo Hernández, Guadalupe R., Evelyn Guadalupe Torres, Laura Roesch, Silvia G. Flores Aguilar, Leticia Tiburcio Morteo, Manuel Mantilla, Flora Moreno, Estela Peñaflor, Maria Arroyo, and Diana Montejo. "THE LINK BETWEEN BRUXISM AND HEADACHES." In 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2018.2409.

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Matthies, Christoph, and Franziska Dobrigkeit. "Towards Empirically Validated Remedies for Scrum Retrospective Headaches." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2020.762.

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Acarli, Ayşe, and Michiel Tent. "More headaches in adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic." In EAN 2022 Congress, edited by Ayşe Acarli and Hans-Peter Hartung. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/52a0d24e.

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Свиридова, Алина Викторовна, Мария Владимировна Абрамян, and Владимир Вячеславович Алексеев. "PATHOGENESIS OF HEADACHE AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AS THE FIRST SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE DISORDERS OF CEREBRAL CIRCULATION, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXODUS OF THE DISEASE." In Поколение будущего: сборник избранных статей Международной студенческой научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Ноябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/pb188.2020.37.55.005.

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Представлен патогенез наиболее ранних симптомов острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения, к которым относятся артериальная гипертензия и головная боль. Предположен адаптивный характер повышения артериального давления при ишемическом инсульте, что в острую фазу заболевания благоприятно влияет на его развитие и исход. Рассмотрен генез головной боли разных видов острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения. The pathogenesis of the earliest symptoms of acute disorders of cerebral circulation, which include arterial hypertension and headache, is presented. Assume adaptive nature increase blood pressure in an ischemic stroke, in the acute phase of the disease favorably affects its development and exodus. The genesis of headaches of different types of acute disorders of cerebral circulation is considered.
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Catapano, J., K. Karahalios, V. Srinivasan, J. Baranoski, C. Rutledge, T. Cole, A. Ducruet, F. Albuquerque, and A. Jadhav. "P-041 Chronic headaches and middle meningeal artery embolization." In SNIS 18TH ANNUAL MEETING. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-snis.77.

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Reports on the topic "Headaches"

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Saldanha, Ian J., Julie L. Roth, Kenneth K. Chen, Andrew R. Zullo, Gaelen P. Adam, Kristin J. Konnyu, Wangnan Cao, et al. Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer234.

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Erickson, Jay. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medical Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada503819.

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Erickson, Jay. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medical Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535889.

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Erickson, Jay. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medical Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562926.

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Erickson, Jay. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medical Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560747.

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Alhusuny, Ameer, Margaret Cook, Akram Khalil, and Venerina Johnston. Neck/Shoulder Problems and Headaches Among Surgeons Performing Minimally Invasive Surgeries in Australia and New Zealand. Peeref, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2207p9199360.

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Bednarczyk, Edward M. A Comparison of Cerebral Blood Flow in Migraineurs During Headache, Headache-Free and Treatment Periods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374068.

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DeMers, Gerard, Wayne G. Horn, and Linda M. Hughes. Assessment of Headache Incidence During SURVIVEX 2004. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada503352.

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Lee, Hee Jin, Min Cheol Chang, Yoo Jin Choo, and Sae Yoon Kim. The Associations between Headache (Migraine and Tension-type Headache) and Psychotic Symptoms (Depression and Anxiety) in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0078.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association with specific psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety in pediatric patients suffering from migraine and TTH. In our meta-analysis for a detailed evaluation of depression and anxiety, we attempted to review the research using various psychodiagnostic tools. Eligibility criteria: The detailed inclusion criteria for the network meta-analysis were studies with (1) inclusion of pediatric patients; (2) patients with migraine and TTH; (3) evaluation of association between headache (migraine or TTH) and psychotic symptoms (depression and anxiety); (4) comparison between group with headache (migraine or TTH) and control group; (5) using tools for evaluating degree of depression or anxiety; and (6) written in English. Review articles, case reports, letters, and studies with insufficient data or results were excluded.
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Sherman, Paul M. The Worst Headache of Life: Evaluation of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437539.

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