Relevant bibliographies by topics / Headache frequency

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Headache frequency'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Headache frequency"

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Hodson, Jean, and Farook Al-Azzawi. "The Frequency and Pattern of Headache in Menopausal Women." British Menopause Society Journal 4, no. 2 (June 1998): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136218079800400208.

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Objective To assess the frequency and pattern of headache in perimenopausal women. Study design A questionnaire survey performed on 200 consecutive women attending Leicester Royal Infirmary menopause clinic during May 1997. Main outcome measures The main areas considered included frequency, duration and severity of headache, type and effectiveness of treatment used, interference with daily activities, and the effect of menopause and HRT on headache. Results 38 women (19%) never experienced headaches whereas 158 (79%) reported recurrent headaches. The majority of these women (106) reported at least one headache in the preceding week with a small number (9) reporting daily headache. Stress (106), tiredness (75) and menstrual cycle (54) were common trigger factors. Most women used simple analgesics for treatment with few using sumatriptan (4) or prophylactic therapy (9). Women were not asked to classify headache but 18 (9%) reported vomiting and are likely to represent the minimum incidence of migraine. Headaches produced considerable morbidity and interference with daily activities social events and work. The effect of menopause and HRT (99 users) on headache was assessed and a group of “hormone sensitive” women identified. Conclusion The problem of menopausal headache is substantial; it is probably under-estimated, under-treated and poorly understood. It certainly deserves further attention.
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Schwedt, Todd J., Robert W. Gereau, Karen Frey, and Evan D. Kharasch. "Headache outcomes following treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A prospective analysis." Cephalalgia 31, no. 10 (March 11, 2011): 1082–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411398155.

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Objective: To analyze headache patterns prior to and following treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and identify factors associated with different headache outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational study of patients being treated for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Headache patterns were established prior to aneurysm treatment and for 6 months following treatment. Factors associated with different headache outcomes were investigated. Results: In all patients ( n = 44), 90-day headache frequency decreased from an average of 31 days prior to aneurysm treatment to 17 days following treatment ( p < 0.001). In patients with active pretreatment headaches ( n = 28), 90-day headache frequency decreased from 49 days to 26 days ( p = 0.002). Headache frequency was reduced in 68% of patients, while 9% of patients had new or worsened headaches following aneurysm treatment. Pretreatment migraine, more severe pretreatment headaches, higher pretreatment trait anxiety, and stent-assisted aneurysm coiling were associated with a lack of headache improvement. Conclusions: The majority of patients with headaches at the time of aneurysm treatment had reductions in headache frequency during the 6 months following treatment. Potential risk factors for poor headache outcomes were identified but need to be studied further.
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Walach, H., W. Haeusler, T. Lowes, D. Mussbach, U. Schamell, W. Springer, G. Stritzl, W. Gaus, and G. Haag. "Classical Homeopathic Treatment of Chronic Headaches." Cephalalgia 17, no. 2 (April 1997): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1702119.x.

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We conducted a randomized, placebo-cor rolled, double-blind clinical trial in order to determine the efficacy of classical homeopathic therapy in patients with chronic headaches. After 6 weeks of baseline observation, patients received either the prescribed individualized homeopathic medication or an indistinguishable placebo for 12 weeks. Outcome parameters were headache frequency, duration, and intensity, measured daily by diary. Use of medication for acure headache was also monitored. Of the 98 patients in the sample, 37 were randomized to receive placebo, 6I received individualized homeopathic remedies. Groups were comparable at the beginning of the treatment. The median age was 48.5 years; 76% suffered from migraine, 51% from tension-type headaches, and 94% were previously treated for headache. The median headache frequency was 3 days a week. Headaches were present for 23 years (median). In both groups, patients showed an improvement of one headache day less per month. The use of medication for acute headache was reduced. The headache frequency of 11 patients was reduced by more than 40%. Thirty-nine patients either did not improve or experienced aggravations. There was no significant difference in any parameter between homeopathy and placebo.
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Zeeberg, P., J. Olesen, and R. Jensen. "Efficacy of Multidisciplinary Treatment in a Tertiary Referral Headache Centre." Cephalalgia 25, no. 12 (December 2005): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00980.x.

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Despite the high prevalence of headaches, multidisciplinary headache clinics are few and their efficacy still needs validation. We set out to describe the procedures, characterize the patients and evaluate the treatment results in Danish Headache Centre. All clinical records for patients discharged in 2002 were systematically reviewed. Diagnoses were classified in accordance with ICHD-II. Outcome results were analysed with respect to headache diagnoses, frequency, intensity, absence from work and medication use. Five hundred and five patients were included and 336 were eligible for the study. Mean age was 46 years and male/female ratio 1 : 2.4. For patients without medication overuse headache (MOH) a reduction in headache frequency (P < 0.01) and intensity ( P < 0.05) was seen for frequent episodic and chronic tension-type headache (TTH), migraine, cluster and other headaches. No reduction was seen in post-traumatic headache. Absence from work decreased significantly for migraine ( P < 0.001) and frequent episodic TTH (P < 0.05). For patients with MOH a reduction in headache frequency was seen for TTH and migraine ( P < 0.001). A specialized headache centre is valuable in treatment of patients with complex headache disorders.
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Kelman, L. "The Aura: A Tertiary Care Study of 952 Migraine Patients." Cephalalgia 24, no. 9 (September 2004): 728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00748.x.

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The aim of this study was to document the frequency and types of aura symptoms, to define the relationship between aura symptoms and to define the aura frequency in different migraine types. In 952 migraine patients, aura frequency, duration, time to headache, characteristics and percentage of headaches with aura were analysed. Thirty-eight percent of IHS 1.1-1.5 patients reported aura, 38.1% of females and 33.0% of males. Average percentage of aura occurrence with headache was 19.7% of headaches, average aura duration 27.3 min and aura was followed by headache in 10.4 min on average. Visual disturbances occurred in 92.1% and aura without visual aura was rare. Aura frequency was headache-type dependent. The highest frequency of aura was seen in the more ‘full-blown’ migraine attack. Visual aura is the overwhelming aura symptom. Even in patients with aura the percentage of aura with migraine attacks is limited.
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Rocha-Filho, PAS, JLD Gherpelli, JTT de Siqueira, and GD Rabello. "Post-craniotomy headache: A proposed revision of IHS diagnostic criteria." Cephalalgia 30, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.02010.x.

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Seventy-nine patients with intracranial aneurysms were evaluated in the presurgical period, and followed up to 6 months after surgery. We compare patients who fulfilled with those that did not post-craniotomy headache (PCH) diagnostic criteria, according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Semistructured interviews, headache diaries, Short Form-36 and McGill Pain Questionnaire were used. Seventy-two patients (91%) had headaches during the follow-up period. The incidence of PCH according to the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria was 40%. Age, sex, type of surgery, temporomandibular disorder, vasospasm, presence and type of previous headaches, and subarachnoid haemorrhage were not related to headache classification. There were no differences in the quality of life, headache frequency and characteristics or pain intensity between patients with headache that fulfilled or not PCH criteria. We proposed a revision of the diagnostic criteria for PCH, extending the headache outset after surgery from 7 to 30 days, and including the presence of headaches after surgery in patients with no past history of headaches, or an increase in headache frequency during the first 30 days of the postsurgical period followed by a decrease over time. Using these criteria we would classify 65% of our patients as having PCH.
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Sampaio Rocha-Filho, Pedro Augusto, and João Eudes Magalhães. "Headache associated with COVID-19: Frequency, characteristics and association with anosmia and ageusia." Cephalalgia 40, no. 13 (November 2020): 1443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420966770.

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Objectives To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, were assessed by neurologists. Results Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR: 47–66). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms, were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Twelve patients (16.4%) presented with headache triggered by coughing. Eleven (15%) patients reported a continuous headache. Twenty-eight patients (38.4%) presented with anosmia and 29 (39.7%) with ageusia. Patients who reported hyposmia/anosmia and/or hypogeusia/ageusia experienced headache more frequently than those without these symptoms (OR: 5.39; 95% CI:1.66–17.45; logistic regression). Patients with anosmia and ageusia presented headache associated with phonophobia more often compared to those with headache without these complaints (Chi-square test; p < 0.05). Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.
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Miller, Vanessa E., Keturah R. Faurot, Olafur S. Palssson, Beth A. MacIntosh, Chirayath Suchindran, Gilson Honvoh, Susan Gaylord, Christopher E. Ramsden, and J. Douglas Mann. "Comparing prospective headache diary and retrospective four-week headache questionnaire over 20 weeks: Secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial." Cephalalgia 40, no. 13 (August 16, 2020): 1523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420949180.

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Background Headache diaries and recall questionnaires are frequently used to assess headache frequency and severity in clinical and research settings. Methods Using 20 weeks of data from an intervention trial with 182 participants, we evaluated concordance between an electronic headache diary administered on a daily basis and designed to capture the presence and severity of headaches on an hourly basis (the headache diary) and a recall questionnaire, with retrospective estimation of the number of headache days assessed on a monthly basis. We further examined whether the duration or severity of headaches assessed by the electronic diary impacted concordance between these two measures. Results Over the course of four 28-day periods, people with migraine participating in a dietary intervention reported an average of 13.7 and 11.1 headache days in the headache diary and recall questionnaire, respectively. Conclusion Over time, the concordance between headache days reported in these two measures tended to increase; however, the recall questionnaire headache estimates were lower than the diary measures in all four periods. When analysis was restricted to headaches lasting 8 hours or more, the number of headache days was more closely aligned with days reported in the recall questionnaire, indicating that the accuracy of recall estimates is likely to be influenced by headache duration. Restriction of analyses to moderate-to-severe headaches did not change results as much as headache duration. The findings indicate that recall questionnaires administered on a monthly basis may underestimate headache frequency and therefore should not be used interchangeably with headache diaries. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02012790
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Stuginski-Barbosa, Juliana, and José Geraldo Speciali. "Frequency of headache among the employees of a rubber company in the state of São Paulo, Brazil." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 129, no. 2 (March 2011): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802011000200003.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Primary headaches may be responsible for absenteeism and a fall in the yield and productivity of work. The aim of this study was to establish the presence and frequency of primary headache among employees of a rubber shoe sole company, and its link to absenteism. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study carried out with help from the staff of the medical and social department of a rubber factory located in the municipality of Franca, São Paulo. METHOD: A questionnaire on headache characteristics was distributed to all employees. The returned and completed questionnaires were divided into two groups: with and without reports of headache. The headaches were classified into four main groups: migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), cluster headache and others. In terms of the reported frequency, headaches were also classified as chronic daily headache (CDH). RESULTS: The number of valid questionnaires was 392 (59%); 80.9% were from male and 19.1% from female employees. Headaches were reported by 120 subjects (30.6%), with 17.4% belonging to the migraine group and 8.9% to the TTH group. Migraine was more frequent (p < 0.001) among all participants and also among the women (p < 0.05). TTH was more frequent among the men (p < 0.05). CDH was identified in 14 individuals (3.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Headache was a common problem among the employees of this company and was a cause of absenteeism for 8.7% of the respondents to the questionnaire.
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Scharff, L., DC Turk, and DA Marcus. "Psychosocial and Behavioral Characteristics in Chronic Headache Patients: Support for a Continuum and Dual-Diagnostic Approach." Cephalalgia 15, no. 3 (June 1995): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1995.015003216.x.

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The present study attempted to identify psychological differences among different headache diagnoses defined by IHS criteria as well as psychological differences by headache intensity and frequency. Differences between diagnostic categories reflected characteristics used to assign diagnoses, namely the constancy of pain and distracting behaviors of significant others due to isolating behavior from photophobia and phonophobia. A rating of headache intensity and frequency was a more powerful predictor of psychological ratings than diagnosis. Diagnosis was related to headache frequency but not intensity. The results suggest that a continuum diagnosis based on severity can be useful in conceptualizing headaches, and a dual-diagnostic system integrating headache characteristics with perceptions and coping ability would be helpful in determining treatment options.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Headache frequency"

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Rundström, Elin. "Exercise in patients with tension-type headache : a systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86042.

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Abstract: Objective: This meta-analysis reviews the evidence for training in patients with tension-type headache on pain intensity and headache frequency. Method: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating training on patients with tension-type headache. Data was extracted by the reviewer. Methodological quality was assessed using risk of bias two and a meta-analysis was made using Revman 5. The quality of the evidence was calculated using GRADEproGDT. Results: Regarding pain intensity four studies were included (n = 330 participants). The meta-analysis indicates that training is effective in reducing pain intensity in patients with tension-type headache. This result does not reach a clinical important difference. The quality of evidence is moderate. For headache frequency three studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 290 participants). The meta-analysis showed that training is effective in reducing headache frequency in patients with tension-type headache. This change does not reach a clinical important difference. The quality of evidence for this result is high. Conclusion: There is moderate quality of evidence that exercise reduces pain intensity in patients with tension-type headache. There is high quality evidence that exercise reduces headache frequency in patients with tension-type headache. Neither of these results reach a clinically important difference. This may be due to the active control groups and needs to be researched further.
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Amiri, Mohsen. "Cervical musculoskeletal impairment in frequent intermittent headache /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18168.pdf.

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Pinkerman, Brenda F. "Menstrually Related and Nonmenstrual Migraines in a Frequent Migraine Population: Features, Correlates, and Acute Treatment Differences." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1141789064.

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Dindayal, Saiesha Arti. "The frequency of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia in primary headache patients." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/27993.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Medicine in the division of Neurology Johannesburg 2019
Background: The frequency of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (TE) has not been adequately quantified in the headache population to date. Aims: To determine the frequency of TE (both borderline tonsillar ectopia [BTE] and Chiari 1 malformation (CM-1)) in patients with primary headache disorder. To compare the frequency of tonsillar ectopia to the estimated frequency reported in the general population. Methods: The records of 299 adult (≥18yrs) patients with primary headache and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain were retrospectively reviewed and directly examined for the lowest cerebellar tonsillar position. Patients were stratified according to lowest tonsillar position into 3 groups; normal, BTE and CM-1. Secondary causes of tonsillar ectopia were excluded. Frequency tables were computed and reported. Results: Of the 299 patients with primary headache disorder there were, 14 BTE (4.7%) , 3 CM-1 (1%) and 282 (94.3%) normal category patients . The frequency of BTE in primary headache patients was 4.7% and is of statistical significance (p= 0.004) when compared to a neuroradiological series. The frequency of CM-1 in primary headache patients compared to that reported in the general population showed no significant difference between them (p>0.05)
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Whittle, Mark Spencer. "An assessment of two chiropractic management programmes with respect to frequency of treatment of migraine headaches." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2125.

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A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the most beneficial chiropractic management programme with respect to frequency of treatments for migraine headaches. It was hypothesised that an intensive treatment programme would be most effective. Thirty four (34) patients were accepted into this single blind, randomised trial, however only thirty (30) patients were compliant. Only patients diagnosed with migraine were accepted. The sample group was drawn from a population of migraine sufferers from t.,hegreater Durban area, and they were randomly divided into the two treatment groups. Both treatment groups received chiropractic adjustments to fixations found in the cervical and thoracic spines, as well as soft tissue massage to the above-mentioned areas. The only difference was the treatment periods, where the intensive treatment group was treated nine times in three weeks and the conservative treatment group was treated nine times in nine weeks. Both groups were re-evaluated after a six week followup period. Only subjective measurements were taken, all tabulated weekly I by each patient in the headache diaries provided.l6
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LaFave, Mark. "The effect of aerobic exercise on the frequency and pain of migraine headaches." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18834.

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Books on the topic "Headache frequency"

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Media, Wildrose. Headache Diary: A Journal to Track Your Headache Frequency, Symptoms, Triggers and Treatment - 5 X 6 - Cute Cat, Kitten Design. Independently Published, 2019.

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Henrikson, Elizabeth White. The relationship among type A behavior, hostility, and headache frequency in college students. 1988.

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Krel, Regina, and Paul G. Mathew. Headache. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0003.

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Migraine is a common disorder that affects women of menstruating age, and it is frequently the chief complaint of women presenting in the neurology clinic. The prevalence of menstrually related migraine can range from 20–60%, while pure menstrual migraine occurs in less than 10% of women. In addition to utilizing non–gender-specific abortive and preventative strategies, understanding migraine and its relationship to hormones, particularly estrogen, can have clinical implications for optimal treatment. This chapter seeks to provide insight into diagnosing menstrually related migraine, the role of decreased estrogen just prior to menstrual cycle onset and migraine, as well as the therapeutic options that are available to treat and possibly prevent menstrual migraine attacks.
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O’Neal, M. Angela. Ringing in the Ears and Pain in the Head. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0015.

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The case illustrates the classic clinical features of a low-pressure headache. The pathophysiology results from the loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This causes sagging of the brain, stretching of the bridging veins, and venodilatation. The clinical history is of a headache that is worse in the upright position and remits when the patient is supine. Due to the connection of the perilymphatic fluid and CSF, postural tinnitus is a frequent symptom. Risk factors for low-pressure headache include those that are patient-specific: female sex, low body mass index, prior history of a low-pressure headache, and an underlying headache disorder. Operator-specific factors that decrease the risk of a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) include greater operator experience and the use of a smaller-gauge, non-cutting lumbar puncture needle. The best treatment for low-pressure headache is a blood patch with resolution in over 90% of low-pressure headaches.
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Burdmann, Emmanuel A. Leptospirosis. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0191.

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Leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. Pathogenic spirochaetes are shed in the urine of infected mammals to the environment. Humans are infected through contact with contaminated material. Leptospirosis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, but exists in all continents except Antarctica. The disease is difficult to diagnose and hence frequently neglected. Its clinical picture ranges from a mild flu-like disease to a life-threatening form with pulmonary haemorrhage, liver failure and acute kidney injury (AKI), called Weil disease, which may affect 10% of those with clinical disease. Typically, fever, myalgia and headache progress to nausea and vomiting, jaundice, red eyes, and other manifestation affecting skin, brain, and other organs.Kidney involvement, characterized by acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, is nearly universal. It may be clinically manifested as a tubulopathy with urinary electrolytes wasting, hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia and/or as AKI, which is more frequently non-oliguric. Antibiotic therapy may reduce hospitalization time and AKI frequency. Otherwise management is supportive, including timely and adequate dialysis support.
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Burdmann, Emmanuel A., and Vivekanad Jha. Rickettsiosis. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0193.

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Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted by arthropods to a vertebrate host. Clinically relevant rickettsioses have a similar clinical pattern, manifesting as an acute febrile disease accompanied by headache, articular and muscle pain, and malaise.Epidemic typhus is a worldwide distributed disease caused by the Rickettsia prowazekii, with a human louse as a vector. Data on epidemic typhus-related renal injury is extremely scarce.Murine typhus is caused by the Rickettsia typhi and has a rodent flea as the vector. It is one of the most frequent rickettsioses, and is usually a self-limited febrile illness. Proteinuria, haematuria, elevations in serum creatinine (SCr) and/or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and AKI have been reported. The real frequency of renal involvement in murine typhus is unknown. Renal abnormalities recover after the infectious disease resolution.Scrub typhus, caused by the Orientia tsutsugamushi, has the Leptotrombidium mite larva as vector. It is endemic in the Tsutsugamushi triangle delimited by Japan, Australia, India, and Siberia. It can manifest either as a self-limiting disease or as a severe, life-threatening multiorgan illness. Early administration of adequate antibiotics is essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Proteinuria, haematuria, and acute kidney injury (AKI) are frequent.Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by bacteria from the spotted fever group and have ticks as vectors. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. It is the most severe of the spotted fever rickettsial diseases, causing significant morbidity and lethality. RMSF occurs in North, Central, and South America. Renal impairment is frequent in severe forms of RMSF. Mediterranean spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia conorii, and is endemic in the Mediterranean area. It is usually a benign disease, but may have a severe course, clinically similar to RMSF. Haematuria, proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, and AKI may occur. Japanese spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia japonica. Lethal cases are reported yearly and AKI has occurred in the context of multiple organ failure.
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O’Neal, M. Angela. A Lady with a Headache in the First Trimester. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0013.

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This case is illustrative of migraine during pregnancy. In pregnancy, due to changes in the level of estrogen, migraines are often more frequent in the first trimester. The natural history for migraine, especially migraine without aura, is that 70% get better by the second trimester. A general strategy for management of migraines during pregnancy is illustrated. In general, prophylactic medications are not used during pregnancy, and migraines are treated symptomatically. Tables of the usual migraine medications to treat both the acute headache and to prevent migraine are included, along with their pregnancy classification and breast feeding safety. The chapter is meant to be a practical guide to migraine management during pregnancy and postpartum.
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Jacobs, Samantha E., Rosemary Soave, Audrey N. Schuetz, and Thomas J. Walsh. A Budding Headache in a Patient with Hematological Malignancy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0010.

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These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Anitescu, Magdalena, and David Arnolds. Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0005.

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Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a condition that affects young and middle-aged individuals. Women are more frequently affected than men. It is associated with severe positional headache without previous dural puncture and is often confused with other common headache conditions. Delay in diagnosis of the condition may predispose patients to severe complications. Many radiodiagnostic tools carry important risks to patients, including nerve injury and iatrogenic spinal cord injury. Imaging studies must be correlated with a detailed medical history and a thorough physical examination. Epidural blood patch, the mainstay of treatment, may require multiple attempts with increasing amounts of autologous blood. Increased awareness of spontaneous intracranial hypotension will likely contribute to its proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Reading, Paul. Sleep disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0736.

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Despite major advances in our understanding of its neurobiology, sleep remains an enigma. Its true function and even the amount needed for optimum brain performance remain uncertain (Frank 2006). However, the need to sleep is imperative, reflecting the fact that sleepiness, like hunger and thirst, is a true drive state. Sleepiness can only be satiated by sleep itself. Moreover, severely disordered sleep can profoundly affect cognition, mental health, and physical well-being.Although sleep medicine has a traditionally low profile in neurology teaching and practice, sleep-related phenomena are frequently associated with numerous neurological disorders. Conversely, sleep problems can adversely affect familiar conditions such as headache and epilepsy. Furthermore, in large surveys, sleep-related symptoms are undoubtedly common with 25 per cent of the population reporting problems that significantly and regularly impact on daily activities.
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Book chapters on the topic "Headache frequency"

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Grotemeyer, K. H., R. Viand, and K. Beykirch. "Effects of Different Doses of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Frequency of Migraine Attack, Platelet Prostaglandin Synthesis, and Platelet Aggregation." In Updating in Headache, 129–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88581-5_22.

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Yalın, Osman Özgür, and Aynur Özge. "A Child with Frequent Episodic Tension-Type Headache." In Headache in Children and Adolescents, 43–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28628-0_10.

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Abu-Arafeh, Ishaq. "A Child with Frequent Attacks of Migraine Without Aura." In Headache in Children and Adolescents, 5–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28628-0_2.

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Wöber-Bingöl, Çiçek. "A Child with Frequent Attacks of Migraine with Aura." In Headache in Children and Adolescents, 19–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28628-0_5.

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Dirkx, Thijs H., and Peter J. Koehler. "Classification, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology." In Oxford Textbook of Headache Syndromes, edited by Michel Ferrari, Joost Haan, Andrew Charles, David W. Dodick, Fumihiko Sakai, and Christopher Kennard, 177–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198724322.003.0017.

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The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), including cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing), SUNA (with cranial autonomic symptoms), and hemicrania continua, belong to the primary headaches. They are characterized by severe unilateral headache attacks in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. Cluster headache is the most frequent of the TACs. The other TACs are rare, but epidemiological data are scarce and variable. The various types of TAC are distinguished not only by differences in attack frequency and duration, but also by differences with respect to treatment response. The typical headache syndromes, fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria, have also been described in association with other disorders and imaging is required to exclude intracranial pathology in all newly diagnosed patients.
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"Postdural Puncture Headache in Obstetrics: A Meta-analysis." In 50 Studies Every Anesthesiologist Should Know, edited by Anita Gupta, Elena N. Gutman, Michael E. Hochman, Anita Gupta, Elena N. Gutman, and Michael E. Hochman, 247–50. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237691.003.0046.

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This case focuses on how often postdural puncture headaches appear after using neuraxial blockage by asking the question: What are the frequency, onset, and duration of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in the obstetric population after neuraxial blockade? This meta-analysis found that PDPH is a frequent complication, with an estimated incidence of 1.5% for epidurals and of 52.1% when dural puncture occurs. For spinals, the risk for PDPH varied depending on the type of spinal needle and ranged from 1.5% to 11.2%. The conclusions of this meta-analysis are consistent with prior recommendations that smallest diameter, atraumatic needles be used for spinal analgesia or anesthesia.
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Wermer, Marieke J. H., Hendrikus J. A. van Os, and David W. Dodick. "Headache and neurovascular disorders." In Oxford Textbook of Headache Syndromes, edited by Michel Ferrari, Joost Haan, Andrew Charles, David W. Dodick, Fumihiko Sakai, and Christopher Kennard, 334–45. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198724322.003.0037.

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This chapter discusses headaches and neurovascular disorders. The relationship between migraine, ischaemic stroke, and elevated cardiovascular Framingham risk factors has been a well-documented association in case–control, cohort, observational studies, and population-based studies. The risk of stroke appears to be independent of typical vascular risk factors and is best established in those with migraine with aura, especially in women younger than 45 years of age. Smoking and the use of oral contraceptive agents appear to magnify the risk substantially. The risk also appears to increase with increasing migraine attack frequency. The risk of stroke in women with migraine has also been demonstrated in those older than 45 years of age. Migraine with aura was also found to be a risk factor for myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and death due to cardiovascular disease. Similar results suggest that the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in migraine patients may be seen in men over the age of 45 years as well.
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Bussone, Gennaro, and Elisabetta Cittadini. "Paroxysmal hemicrania." In Oxford Textbook of Headache Syndromes, edited by Michel Ferrari, Joost Haan, Andrew Charles, David W. Dodick, Fumihiko Sakai, and Christopher Kennard, 190–95. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198724322.003.0019.

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Paroxysmal hemicrania is classified as a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition. The current criteria require at least 20 attacks of severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital, or temporal pain, lasting 2–30 minutes, accompanied by ipsilateral cranial autonomic features such as ptosis, eyelid oedema, conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal blockage, or rhinorrhoea. Attacks usually have a frequency of more than five per day, and respond exquisitely to indomethacin.
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Peatfield, Richard, and Fumihiko Sakai. "Migraine." In Oxford Textbook of Headache Syndromes, edited by Michel Ferrari, Joost Haan, Andrew Charles, David W. Dodick, Fumihiko Sakai, and Christopher Kennard, 61–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198724322.003.0006.

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The vast majority of patients presenting with headache and no physical signs will have migraine, or, less commonly, a variant such as cluster headache. Some migraine patients will have a typical visual, sensory, or speech aura, while others will have less clear-cut premonitory symptoms. A careful history will establish whether there are any atypical features that might warrant further investigation and/or suggest an alternative diagnosis. It is essential that the initial assessment ascertains the frequency and severity of the attacks, as this will determine whether analgesic or prophylactic treatment or both should be offered. The patient’s previous medication should be recorded, noting the largest doses given and the reason why each had been discontinued. Many will be overusing analgesics, particularly opiates, and these can easily lead directly to a chronic drug-induced headache. The real skill in headache management is ensuring that the patient’s history is fully and accurately recorded.
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Pareja, Juan A., Leopoldine A. Wilbrink, and María-Luz Cuadrado. "SUNCT/SUNA." In Oxford Textbook of Headache Syndromes, edited by Michel Ferrari, Joost Haan, Andrew Charles, David W. Dodick, Fumihiko Sakai, and Christopher Kennard, 196–202. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198724322.003.0020.

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Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic features (SUNA) are currently classified in the section of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias as separate subtypes of the same disorder (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks). There is no therapy consistently effective for SUNCT or SUNA. During the worst periods intravenous lidocaine or phenytoin may decrease the frequency of SUNCT/SUNA attacks. Lamotrigine is the drug of choice for the preventive treatment of SUNCT, but it is less effective for SUNA. Gabapentin may be also effective for both SUNCT and SUNA. Topiramate can be effective in SUNCT, but it has not shown an effect in SUNA. Some medically refractory cases have obtained benefit from surgical procedures. These include microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve, ablative procedures involving the trigeminal nerve, Gasserian ganglion or sphenopalatine ganglion, occipital nerve stimulation, and hypothalamic deep brain stimulation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Headache frequency"

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Perry, Michelle C., Susan K. Yaegar, Regina L. Toto, and Robert W. Hickey. "Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Headache 2007-2014: Frequency and Management Trends." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.352.

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Salgür, F., D. Üsküdar Cansu, N. Uzuner, and C. Korkmaz. "THU0613 The frequency and characteristics of headache in behcet’s disease and its evaluation by transcranial doppler ultrasonography." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6396.

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Vaughan, Neil, and Venketesh N. Dubey. "Interpreting Ultrasound Images for Accurate Epidural Needle Insertion." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3494.

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This work presents development and testing of image processing algorithms for the automatic detection of landmarks within ultrasound images. The aim was to automate ultrasound analysis, for use during the process of epidural needle insertion. For epidural insertion, ultrasound is increasingly used to guide the needle into the epidural space. Ultrasound can improve the safety of epidural and was recommended by the 2008 NICE guidelines (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). Without using ultrasound, there is no way for the anaesthetist to observe the location of the needle within the ligaments requiring the use of their personal judgment which may lead to injury. If the needle stops short of the epidural space, the anaesthetic is ineffective. If the needle proceeds too deep, it can cause injuries ranging from headache, to permanent nerve damage or death. Ultrasound of the spine is particularly difficult, because the complex bony structures surrounding the spine limit the ultrasound beam acoustic windows [1]. Additionally, the important structures for epidural that need to be observed are located deeper than other conventional procedures such as peripheral nerve block. This is why a low frequency, curved probe (2–5 MHz) is used, which penetrates deeper but decreases in resolution. The benefits of automating ultrasound are to enable real-time ultrasound analysis on the live video, mitigate human error, and ensure repeatability by avoiding variation in perception by different users. Previous ultrasound image processing for epidural research used speckle image enhancement with canny and gradient based methods for bone detection [2]. A clinical trial with 39 patients had success detecting the ligamentum flavum (LF) from ultrasound by algorithms in 87% of patients. Echogenic needles and catheters are now becoming available which are enhanced for extra ultrasound visibility. The Epimed UltraKath ULTRA-KATH™ [3] has a patented design to maximize visibility under ultrasound [4]. The Echogenic Tuohy Needle also includes imprints on the needle tip that reflects ultrasound, allowing for better visualization. Curved needles can also be detected in 2D ultrasound images [5].
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Kroot, J. M. B., and C. G. Giannopapa. "Hyper-Gravity and Multiple Reflections in Wave Propagation in the Aorta." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26151.

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Hypergravity and gravity changes encountered in e.g. airplanes, rollercoasters and spaceflight can result in headaches or loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow. This paper describes the effect of hypergravity and gravity changes on the pressure in the aorta and the distension of its wall. The model presented consists of a pressure part caused by gravity and a part representing pressure waves propagating through the vessel. The total pressure is described by a one-dimensional formulation in the frequency domain. To accommodate for geometrical and material variations, the vessel is modeled as a series of sections in which multiple reflections can occur. Results are presented for constant and varying gravity in straight and tapered flexible vessels.
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