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Journal articles on the topic 'Head Radiography'
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Ellenbecker, Todd S., Angelo J. Mattalino, Eric Elam, and Roger Caplinger. "Quantification of Anterior Translation of the Humeral Head in the Throwing Shoulder." American Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 2 (March 2000): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280020501.
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Clinical evaluation of humeral head translation relies mainly on manual tests to measure laxity in the human shoulder. The purposes of this study were to determine whether side-to-side differences exist in anterior humeral head translation in professional baseball pitchers, to compare manual laxity testing with stress radiography for quantifying humeral head translation, and to test intrarater reliability of the manual humeral head translation and stress radiography tests. Twenty professional baseball pitchers underwent bilateral manual anterior humeral head translation and stress radiographic tests. Stress radiography was performed by imparting a 15-daN anterior load to the shoulder in 90° of abduction with both neutral and 60° of external rotation and recording the glenohumeral joint translation at rest and under stress in each position. Eight subjects were retested to assess the reliability of these methods. Results showed no significant difference between the dominant and nondominant extremity in the amount of anterior humeral head translation measured manually and with stress radiography, nor significant correlation between anterior humeral head translation measured manually and by stress radiography. Testretest reliability was moderate-to-poor for the manual humeral head translation test and moderate for stress radiography.
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Ngan, Daniel C. S., Om P. Kharbanda, Joseph P. Geenty, and M. Ali Darendeliler. "Comparison of radiation levels from computed tomography and conventional dental radiographs." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 19, no. 2 (November 1, 2003): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2003-0009.
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Abstract Background: With the increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in oral diagnosis and treatment planning, concern has been expressed about the high levels of radiation used, and the associated risks. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiation doses of facial CT scans with the radiation doses taking a lateral cephalometric radiograph, a panoramic radiograph (OPG), an occlusal film, and an intra-oral periapical radiograph. Methods: An Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic phantom head was used for the analysis. Thirty-six lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed in the phantom head in locations representing radiosensitive sites. Standard facial CT scans and conventional radiographs (lateral cephalometric, OPG, maxillary occlusal, intra-oral periapical) were then taken of the phantom head. Results: The following radiation doses were measured: maxillo-mandibular CT scan, 2.1 mSv; maxillary CT scan, 1.40 mSv; mandibular CT scan, 1.32 mSv; lateral cephalometric radiograph, 0.005 mSv; OPG, 0.010 mSv; maxillary occlusal, 0.007 mSv; intra-oral periapical radiograph, 0.005 mSv. Conclusions: CT scans produce significantly more ionising radiation than conventional radiographs. This factor should be taken into account when considering a CT scan as an alternative to a survey with conventional radiographs. While CT scans offer many advantages over conventional radiography the high radiation dose to patients, and the cost of this procedure should be considered.
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Aktuna Belgin, Ceren, and Gözde Serindere. "Evaluation of error types and quality on panoramic radiography." International Dental Research 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no3.2.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of panoramic radiographic errors and to evaluate the correlation between age and panoramic radiographic error types.
Methodology: A total of 500 panoramic radiographs (259 male, 241 female) which have been taken for various reasons were randomly selected from the archive of our dentomaxillofacial radiology department. Patients were divided into six age groups and by sex. The assessed errors included the tongue not in contact with palate, slumped position, patients not biting on bite block, patient movement, the chin tipped high, the chin tipped low, the patient positioned forward, the patient positioned backward, patient’ head turned to one side, foreign bodies in the image, exposure errors, positioning error of the lips and missing image. Each radiograph was quality rated as excellent, diagnostically acceptable or unacceptable.
Results: One or more errors were detected in 317 (63.4%) of the 500 panoramic radiographs, while no error was found in 183 (%36.6). It was observed that the most common error type was the slumped position (13.2%). Quality of the panoramic radiographs was evaluated according to the criteria, only 15% images were classified as “excellent”, 48.2% was as “inadequate for diagnosis” and 36.8% was as “adequate for diagnosis”. It was recorded that “slumped position” and “patient movement” errors were statistically significant in >56 years (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Patients can be protected from unnecessary radiation reception by investigating the causes of panoramic radiographic errors and training of technicians in this direction.
How to cite this article: Aktuna Belgin C, Serindere G. Evaluation of error types and quality on panoramic radiography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):99-104.
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Albertsen, M., N. Egund, E. Jonsson, and L. Lidgren. "Assessment AT CT of the Rheumatoid Shoulder with Surgical Correlation." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 2 (March 1994): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500213.
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Eleven shoulders in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined by conventional radiography and CT prior to cup hemiarthroplasty of the humeral head and the results were compared with the surgical findings. There was good agreement between preoperative CT and surgical findings. Humeral head cavities and erosions, with cortical boundaries, could be seen more accurately at CT than at conventional radiography. The HU of their contents corresponded to those of soft tissue, being granulomatous in nature at surgery. In 8 humeral heads CT disclosed large areas of fatty degeneration of bone marrow with HU between − 10 HU and − 76 HU that were not visible on the conventional radiographs. These “fatty cysts” had no cortical boundaries, unlike inflammatory granulomas, but both lesions may influence the surgical approach to hemiarthroplasty.
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Christman, RA, and P. Ly. "Radiographic anatomy of the first metatarsal." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 80, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-80-4-177.
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Normal radiographic anatomy of the first metatarsal bone is established through cadaver dissection, examination of bone specimens, and radiography. Extra-articular and distal articular anatomical landmarks are identified with wire markers. Dorsoplantar, lateral, lateral oblique, and medial oblique radiographs of 15 osteologic sites are presented, including the articular margins of the first metatarsal head, the borders of the three diaphyseal surfaces, the origins of the metatarsophalangeal collateral and metatarsosesamoid suspensory ligaments, and the insertions of the first cuneiform-metatarsal joint ligaments and the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus tendons. The correlation of gross anatomy and radiographs is described.
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Chin, Kuen, Alex Chowdhury, Dimitra Leivadiotou, Helen Marmery, and Philip Michael Ahrens. "The accuracy of plain radiographs in diagnosing degenerate rotator cuff disease." Shoulder & Elbow 11, no. 1_suppl (December 11, 2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573217743942.
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Background A number of radiographic signs have been previously demonstrated to be associated with degenerative rotator cuff tears. An ability to predict the presence of a tear by radiography would permit the early commencement of appropriate treatment and the avoidance of unnecessary invasive investigations. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of using radiographic signs to predict the presence of a cuff tear on arthroscopy. Methods Fifty consecutive patients who had undergone shoulder arthroscopy and had pre-operative plain radiographs were included. Pre-operative radiographs were reviewed by a consultant shoulder surgeon, a consultant radiologist and a senior clinical fellow for the following signs: acromial spur; subjective reduction of subacromial space; sourcil sign; acromial acetabularization; os acromiale; greater tuberosity cortical irregularity; greater tuberosity sclerosis; humeral head rounding; cyst; and reduction in acromiohumeral head distance. Results The presence of tuberosity sclerosis ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity irregularities ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity cyst ( p = 0.004) and sourcil sign ( p = 0.019) was associated with the presence of a rotator cuff tear. The combined sensitivity of prediction of tear by the observers following radiographic review was 91.7%, with a combined negative predictive value of 80%. Conclusions The assessment of radiographs by senior clinicians is a useful tool for confirming the absence of a rotator cuff tear.
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Kus, Stanley P., and Joe P. Morgan. "RADIOGRAPHY OF THE CANINE HEAD." Veterinary Radiology 26, no. 6 (November 1985): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1985.tb01407.x.
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Lee, Hee Young, Matthieu Lalevee, Nacime S. Mansur, Kevin N. Dibbern, Amanda Ehret, Connor Maly, Walter C. Hembree, John E. Femino, Victoria Vivtcharenko, and Cesar de Cesar Netto. "Comparative Assessment of Hallux Rigidus using Conventional Radiograph and Weightbearing CT." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00304.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The etiology of hallux rigidus (HR) is not well understood and Its association with first-ray hypermobility, hallux valgus and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) has not been clearly proven. MPE, elevated first metatarsal has been a topic of debate since Lambrinudi`s first description. Recent studies have supported MPE in hallux rigidus by measuring with various methods on wightbearing lateral radiographs, but there are limitations of conventional radiography due to variation in X- ray projection and superimposed metatarsals regardless of the methods of measurement. Our objective was to assess MPE and other associated parameters with hallux rigidus via radiography and WBCT for convergent validity and to evaluate the use of classification system used in conventional radiography with WBCT. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study from prospectively collected data. 20 symptomatic hallux rigidus patient with weightbearing radiograph and WBCT were enrolled from October 2014 to December 2020. Measured parameters included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux interphalangeal angle (HIPA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), 1st TMT joint version, First and second metatarsal lengths, Metatarsus adductus angle, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel, First and second metatarsal declination angles, and MPE. MPE was measured as the direct distance between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (modified Horton index). All patients were graded according to the radiographic criteria of Coughlin and Shurnas classification on radiographs and WBCT, separately. Paired T-test was performed to compare radiographic measurements with WBCT. Results: Mean age was 55.9, 12 males and 8 females. HVA (15.73 in X-ray vs 14.04 in WBCT), AP first TMT version (16.25 vs 16.47), 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle (24.54 vs 26.60), Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel (-7.67 vs -7.89) were not different between radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT by 0.86 mm compared to radiograph. First metatarsal declination angle was lower in WBCT by 2.9° indicating increased MPE. When graded with radiographic findings, 5 (25%) patients were grade 1, 5 (25%) patients were grade 2 and 10 (50%) grade 3, when graded with WBCT, 1 (5%) patient had grade 1, 3 (15%) patients were grade 2 and 16 (80%) grade 3. Dorsal subluxation/translation of first metatarsal at first TMT joint was observed 3 (15%) in radiograph and 9 (45%) in WBCT. Conclusion: HVA, AP first TMT version, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel demonstrated consistent measurements in radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT when measured with direct distance (0.86 mm) between the first and second metatarsals using modified Horton index and first metatarsal declination angle (2.9°). When graded with WBCT, the subchondral cyst in the proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated leading to higher grade in WBCT. Further studies are needed for inter-rater reliability and discriminant validity of the measurements determined by differences between different groups (HR vs control).
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Kim, Hyungsuk, Syungkyun Choi, Soo Bin Park, and Hyun Seok Song. "Evaluation of acromial spur using ultrasonography." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2020.00332.
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Background: The presence of an acromial spur implies a rotator cuff disorder due to impingement between the acromial spur and the rotator cuff. The purpose of the study was to observe acromial spurs using ultrasonography and to compare measurements between plain radiographs and sonograms.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 51 consecutive patients with acromial spurs, which were interpreted on preoperative plain radiographs (supraspinatus outlet view and 30° caudal tilt) and preoperative sonograms. The ultrasonography transducer was held vertically and continuously moved laterally, which corresponded to the long axis of the long head of the biceps. The distance from the most distal margin of the original acromion to the most projected point of the acromial spur was measured.Results: No significant difference was found between the plain radiograph and ultrasonography measurements (p=0.186). A moderate to strong correlation was detected between the ultrasonography and supraspinatus outlet-view measurements (r=0.776, p=0.000).Conclusions: Anteriorly projected acromial spurs were well-visualized by ultrasonography. No discrepancy in acromial spur length was detected between the use of plain radiography (supraspinatus outlet view and 30° caudal-tilt view) and ultrasonography. The correlation coefficients between the plain radiography and ultrasonography measurements exceeded 0.7.
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Kaniklides, C., B. Sahlstedt, T. Lönnerholm, and A. Moberg. "Conventional Radiography and Bone Scintigraphy in the Prognostic Evaluation of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 3P2 (May 1996): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960373p227.
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Purpose: The role of conventional radiography and bone scintigraphy in predicting the outcome of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease was investigated. Material and Methods: The 75 children reviewed (86 hips) were followed up to the primary healing of the disease. The findings at conventional radiography (obtained at presentation, at the time of maximum capital head involvement, and at the end of the healing process of the disease) were compared to early bone scintigraphy features. Results and Conclusion: Bone scintigraphy provided more accurate information concerning the extent of the necrotic process than initial radiographs. Moreover it could determine revascularization and consequently the stage of the disease. The method was, however, unable to predict the outcome of the disease in some of the cases, particularly if it was performed late after the onset of symptoms. Conventional radiography provided important information about other parameters such as “head-at-risk” signs which facilitated treatment selection. Of these signs not only lateral subluxation but also metaphyseal changes strongly predispose to severe deformity of the hip joint.
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Achuka, J. A., M. A. Aweda, and M. R. Usikalu. "Cancer risks from head radiography procedures." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 173 (July 2018): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/173/1/012038.
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Carvalho, Kepler, Martim d. Pinto, Victoria Vivtcharenko, Taylor Den Hartog, Amanda Ehret, Kevin N. Dibbern, John Lee, John E. Femino, Matthieu Lalevée, and Cesar de Cesar Netto. "Comparison Between Hallux Rigidus Parameters Assessed by Conventional Radiographs and Weight- Bearing CT." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00608.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: The etiology of hallux rigidus (HR) is not well understood and its association with first-ray hypermobility, hallux valgus and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) has not been clearly proven. Recent studies have supported MPE in HR by measuring on weightbearing radiographs (WBR), but there are limitations of WBR due to variation in X-ray projection and superimposed metatarsals. WBCT represent a reliable tool for radiographic analysis of the first ray and can be important for the study pathologies such as HR, which involve several anatomical points to be evaluated for a correct clinical- radiographic diagnosis Our objective was to evaluate radiographic parameters associated with Hallux Rigidus via WBR and WBCT for convergent validity and to evaluate the use of the classification system used in conventional radiography with WBCT. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study from prospectively collected data. 20 symptomatic hallux rigidus patient with weightbearing radiograph and WBCT were enrolled from October 2014 to December 2020. Measured parameters included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), 1st TMT joint version, First and second metatarsal lengths, 2nd cuneiform- 2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal angle, First and second metatarsal declination angles, and MPE. MPE was measured as the direct distance between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (modified Horton index). All patients were graded according to the radiographic criteria of Coughlin and Shurnas classification on radiographs and WBCT, separately. Paired T-test was performed to compare radiographic measurements with WBCT. Results: Mean age was 55.9. HVA (15.73° in X-ray vs 14.04° in WBCT), AP first TMT version (16.25° vs 16.47°), 2nd cuneiform- 2nd metatarsal angle (24.54° vs 26.60°), Talus-1st Metatarsal Angle (-7.67° vs -7.89°) were not different between radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT by 0.86 mm compared to radiograph. First metatarsal declination angle was lower in WBCT by 2.9° indicating increased MPE. When graded with radiographic findings, 5 (25%) patients were grade 1, 5 (25%) patients were grade 2 and 10 (50%) grade 3, when graded with WBCT, 1 (5%) patient had grade 1, 3 (15%) patients were grade 2 and 16 (80%) grade 3. When graded radiologically, subchondral cyst in proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated resulting in higher radiographic grade with WBCT. Dorsal subluxation/translation of first metatarsal at first TMT joint was observed 3 (15%) in radiograph and 9 (45%) in WBCT. Conclusion: Hallux Valgus Angle, AP first TMT version, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel demonstrated consistent measurements in radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT when measured with direct distance (0.86 mm) between the first and second metatarsals using modified Horton index and first metatarsal declination angle (2.9°). When graded with WBCT, the subchondral cyst in the proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated leading to higher grade in WBCT which infer WBCT grading system for HR can aid in early detection of advanced HR with high radiographic grades and potentially guide treatment accordingly.
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Anda, S., T. Terjesen, S. Sundalsfoll, and Å. Tangerud. "Femoral Anteversion Measured by Ultrasonography and Radiography." Acta Radiologica 29, no. 6 (November 1988): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518802900617.
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Radiographic and real-time ultrasound measurements of femoral anteversion were compared in an anatomic study of 20 dried adult femurs. The real anteversion (AV) angle was determined by biplanar radiography. In four ultrasound measurements, the linear transducer was kept either horizontal or tilted. The measuring lines were either the anterior tangent of the femoral head—greater trochanter or the anterior tangent of the femoral neck. With the tilted transducer, the correlation between the head-trochanter AV angle and the real AV angle was high (r=0.9452), and slightly less when the anterior neck AV angle was used (r=0.9142). The clinical relevance is that the tilted transducer technique with the head-trochanter tangent is recommended for AV screening in patients with clinical signs of increased femoral anteversion. In adults 8.5° has to be subtracted in order to obtain an approximation of the real AV angle.
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Zhao, Zhenhua, Yiming Lyu, Tim Leschinger, Kilian Wegmann, Lars Peter Müller, and Michael Hackl. "Imaging diagnosis of radial head fractures—evaluation of plain radiography vs. CT scans." Obere Extremität 16, no. 3 (May 3, 2021): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11678-021-00642-z.
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Abstract Background Radial head fractures represent a common pathology that can cause permanent disability, especially if not treated correctly. Plain radiographs as well as computed tomography (CT) scans represent important diagnostic measures. The specific differences between these two imaging modalities with regard to diagnosis of radial head fractures have not been evaluated to date. Objective This study aimed to compare estimations of fracture classification, percentage of articular fracture involvement, and fragment sizes through plain radiography with CT scan evaluations. Methods A total of 52 consecutive cases of isolated radial head fractures with plain radiographs and CT scans were evaluated retrospectively. Two observers analyzed the fracture classification according to Mason, the percentage of articular fracture involvement, and the size of the largest fracture fragment by means of CT. Three trauma surgeons estimated these parameters through blinded plain radiographs. Intra- and inter-observer reliability were evaluated. Results The CT scan evaluations showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability without significant differences between the two observers. X‑ray estimations of fracture classifications showed only fair agreements. Moreover, the estimations of articular fracture involvement and fragment sizes differed significantly from the CT scan evaluations. While the fragment size tended to be underrated, the articular involvement tended to be overrated. Conclusion This study shows that plain radiographs often provide unreliable information regarding classification, articular involvement, and fragment sizes of radial head fractures. When in doubt, an additional CT scan should be carried out to assess the injury in greater detail.
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Heidari, Faeze, Maedeh Saiedi, and Salman Jafari. "Estimation of Entrance Surface Dose and Dose Area Product in Most Frequently Used Radiography Examinations in Hamadan." Avicenna journal of Care and Health in Operating Room 1, no. 1 (July 17, 2023): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajchor.2.
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Background: Radiation dose in C-arm procedure and radiography may lead to late complications such as cancer. Entrance surface dose (ESD) and dose area product (DAP) are two practical indicators for patient dose estimation. This study aimed to calculate ESD and DAP based on exposure parameters for the most common radiographic examinations in educational hospitals of Hamadan. Methods: This work was conducted in three radiography centers in Hamadan in 2020. ESD was determined using a standard equation. Radiation parameters, including maximum kilovolt and milliampere-seconds (mAs), were obtained from the device console, and the output factor was obtained from the calibration certificate. Eventually, ESD and DAP were computed for the head, chest, abdomen, and pelvic radiography examinations. Results: Means of ESD and DAP were 0.68±0.44 mGy and 274.03±179.84 mGy.cm2 for head, as well as 0.13±0.07 mGy and 117.64±70.07 mGy.cm2 for chest. In addition, the corresponding valures were 1.31±0.82 mGy and 1187.17±738.3 mGy.cm2 for the abdomen, as well as 0.84±0.83 mGy and 764.84±753.59 mGy.cm2 for the pelvic. The difference in ESD and DAP for all examinations between centers was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Several factors affect radiation exposure and patient dose in radiography. Some of these factors are subjective and depend on technician knowledge. It is possible to reduce the patients’ dose while maintaining image quality by regular training of technicians.
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Yanagisawa, Sho, Takehiko Takagi, Tsuyoshi Murase, Yuka Kobayashi, and Masahiko Watanabe. "Open Wedge Osteotomy with Ulnar Shortening for Madelung Deformity Using a Computer-Generated Template." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 22, no. 04 (November 9, 2017): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021881041772042x.
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A variety of osteotomies have been reported to correct Madelung deformity using plain radiographs. However, evaluation of the deformity using 2-dimensional plain radiography is difficult because of its complex 3-dimensional nature. Therefore, we performed corrective osteotomy using recently developed 3D simulation technology on an adult woman with Madelung deformity, and achieved an excellent outcome. In this study, we calculated the amount of parallel displacement as well as the rotational angle for more precise correction, and performed open wedge osteotomy. Furthermore, we performed concurrent ulnar shortening. An exaggerated radial inclination was observed in the posteroanterior radiograph. A palmar shift of the carpus and dorsal dislocation of the ulnar head were observed in the lateral radiograph. In the preoperative findings, radial inclination (RI), volar tilt (VT), and ulnar variance (UV) were 35°, 40°, and 12 mm, respectively. The wrist showed improvement, with an RI of 25°, VT of 14°, and UV of 0 mm. At present, 14 months after surgery, there has been no loss of correction, instability of the ulnar head, or pain on the ulnar side. The procedure resulted in improvements in the protrusion and pain in the ulnar portion of the patient’s wrist. Based on this result, we believe that accurate corrective osteotomy with ulnar shortening should be performed for Madelung deformity.
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Hochbergs, P., G. Eckerwall, N. Egund, K. Jonsson, and H. Wingstrand. "Femoral Head Shape in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 6 (November 1994): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500607.
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Twenty-three children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease were examined to determine the femoral head shape. We evaluated and correlated conventional radiography, arthrography and MR imaging. In the a.p. view, measurements were obtained from the center of the femoral head along the bony or cartilaginous outline at 30° intervals. Maximum flattening of the cartilaginous outline appeared laterally, 60° from the center of the baseline of the epiphyseal index and the caput index. Maximum flattening of the bony outline was found at 75°. Arthrography and MR imaging gave the same information about the shape of the femoral head cartilage. The bony femoral head shape on conventional radiographs in the a.p. view did not reflect the cartilage shape obtained by MR and arthrography.
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Kim, Kyuseok, and Eun-Ha Jung. "Evaluation for Advanced Detection Method of Tooth, Head, and Neck Structures using LowFrequency Components." Korean Journal of Clinical Dental Hygiene 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/kjcdh.20240010.
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Objective: In dental radiography, information distorted by scatter radiation and superimposition is reflected. There is a disadvantage that the discrimination is low, especially in the case of lowcontrast materials. To overcome this problem, a low-frequency component based contrast enhancement algorithm for radiographic images was established and implemented effectively. We assessed a sophisticated technique for identifying tooth, head, and neck structures using low-frequency components for dental professions. Methods: Based on a low-frequency component calculation using the Fourier transform and contrast enhancement model, we performed contrast enhancement using numerical phantom and intra-oral radiographic images. Results: The proposed method confirmed that the discrimination of internal materials with low contrast improved with simulation. The contrast-to-noise ratio of the proposed method was approximately 3.6 and 1.6 times higher than that of original and CLAHE imaging in intra-oral radiography, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the proposed approach provides a high ability to distinguish the entire dynamic range without controlling the window, and also significantly maintains the sharpness of the internal material. Increased expression in the area of tooth overlap, increased contrast of dentin, and improved detection of early caries were confirmed.
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José Pereira, Luciano, Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim, Paula Midori Castelo, Francisco Haiter Neto, and Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião. "Evaluation of TMJ by conventional transcranial radiography and indirect digitized images to determine condylar position in primary dentition." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 28, no. 3 (April 1, 2004): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.28.3.0427191377v71765.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate temporomandibular joint radiographs of children in primary dentition, obtained by conventional transcranial radiography, indirect digitization, digitized images using 3D and brightness/contrast tools. Condyle position was also determined measuring anterior, superior and posterior joint space. The X-Ray machine GE-1000 and the head positioner Accurad 200 were used. Radiographs were digitized using a scanner with transparency and registered in Adobe Photoshop 5.0. Images were evaluated by four examiners as follows: 0 – unacceptably quality; 1 – poorly diagnostic quality; 2 – optimal visualization quality. Articular space was measured using a digital caliper.A significant difference (Sign Test) was found between conventional radiography and the remaining modalities (Conventional/ Unenhanced p<0.001; Conventional/3D p<0.001; Conventional/Brightness and Contrast p=0.017). The mean distance of anterior, superior and posterior regions was 2.2(0.5, 3.5(0.9 and 3.9(1.2mm, respectively. Conventional and brightness/contrast digitized radiographs showed higher diagnostic quality. The posterior joint space was larger than the anterior one, demonstrating anterior condylar position.
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Hysell, Matthewq, Jennifer Finch, and David McClendon. "The Prisoner Who Cried Wolf, and Then Swallowed a Sprinkler Head." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.4.46449.
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Case Presentation: A 37-year-old man presented from jail reporting foreign body ingestion of a sprinkler head. While initial radiography did not reveal the foreign body, subsequent imaging with computed tomography demonstrated the sprinkler head. When confronted with this discrepancy the patient admitted to having the sprinkler head in his possession and choosing to swallow it after his initial radiography. Discussion: This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a high threshold for real illness in situations where there is suspected malingering, a situation not infrequently encountered in the emergency department.
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Roopashri, G., MR Vaishali, Maria Priscilla David, Muqeet Baig, and Uma Shankar. "Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 5 (2012): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1197.
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ABSTRACT Background and objective The elongated styloid process may produce characteristic head and neck pain syndromes, commonly known as Eagle's syndrome. An awareness of this syndrome is important to all health practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of neck and head pain. It has been estimated that 2 to 28% of the general adult population has radiographic appearance of elongated styloid process. The objective of the study was to assess the elongation of styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of elongation according to age, sex and types. Results Elongated styloid process was seen in 107 subjects out of 300 patients who were aged between 10 and 70 years old. Our study revealed that as age increased elongation of styloid process increased with female predominance. Type 1 elongation was most common than the other types of elongation. We also found that left styloids were elongated than the right with bilateral elongation. Conclusion Panoramic radiographs can show a correct picture of elongated styloid process which can confirm the diagnosis and can thus help avoid misinterpretation of the symptoms as tonsillar pain or pain of dental, pharyngeal or muscular origin and hence panoramic radiography is economical and the best imaging modality to view the elongation of styloid process. How to cite this article Roopashri G, Vaishali MR, David MP, Baig M, Shankar U. Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):618-622.
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Pessoa, Lourdes M. B., Marcello Roza, Anderson Farias, Pedro Henrique de Jesus, Rita de Cassia Campbell, and Mariângela Pereira de Pinho. "Extraction of Unerupted Maxillary Canine Teeth in a Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2827647.
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The purpose of this case report is to describe the diagnosis and treatment of unerupted canine teeth in a maned wolf. After physical examination, complete blood count, and serum biochemical profile, the animal underwent general anesthesia and head radiography was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment consisted of the extraction of both maxillary canine teeth and clinical and radiographic follow-up of the right mandibular canine tooth.
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Grillon, Marlene, and Andy Wai Kan Yeung. "Content Analysis of YouTube Videos That Demonstrate Periapical Radiography." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 9602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199602.
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No prior study has evaluated the content of YouTube videos that demonstrated how to take periapical radiographs, one of the commonest radiographic examinations in dentistry. This study provided a content analysis on these YouTube videos. Three separate searches were performed with the following search strings: (1) posterior periapical, (2) molar periapical, and (3) anterior periapical. The videos resulting from the searches were sorted by view count, and their related videos (as listed by YouTube on the right of the screen) were also screened. Exclusion criteria included irrelevance to periapical radiography, no real patient involved, no demonstration of periapical radiography procedures), non-English video, and duplicate videos. Finally, 21 videos were included and analyzed. For each included video, the following aspects were evaluated: general settings (types of image receptor, patient age, and radiographic technique), patient preparation, machine preparation, receptor placement, and operator safety. All but one were demonstrated with an adult patient. The videos were largely based on digital imaging with the use of either intraoral sensors or phosphor plates, and mostly used paralleling technique. Several common issues were identified, such as not removing the metallic objects from the patient’s head and neck region, not showing the selection of radiation dose, not placing the orientation dot on the film or phosphor plate on the occlusal side, and not wearing proper personal protective equipment. More instructional videos are definitely required. Future videos should eliminate these issues, and also demonstrate with pediatric patients. Perhaps the dental radiology department of a well-established university should be enticed to produce an instructional video that presents the technique in a flawless presentation, to facilitate the learning of dental students, dental hygienists and dental assistants who have yet to master their skills.
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Kaniklides, Costa, Torsten Lönnerholm, Anders Moberg, and Bo Sahlstedt. "Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 4-6 (July 1995): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600420.
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In a prospective study of 22 patients (24 hips) with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) the findings at conventional radiography, arthrography, bone scintigraphy and MR imaging, obtained at the time of diagnosis, were compared. MR was superior to conventional radiography and bone scintigraphy in the detection of the extent of involvement in the femoral head. Arthrography was as good as or better than MR imaging in determining the shape of the articular surfaces and the occurrence of lateral subluxation. Conventional radiography was less sensitive in identifying the degree of lateral subluxation and the extent of the necrosis in the femoral head. MR imaging provided anatomical and pathophysiological information about the extent and location of head involvement as well as the degree of lateral subluxation. Revascularisation was more clearly demonstrated with MR than with bone scintigraphy, irrespective of symptom duration.
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Horsfield, D., and C. F. Siegerist. "Radiography of the radial head: An alternative view." Radiography 11, no. 3 (August 2005): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2004.11.003.
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Nazeer, Muhammad Rizwan, Farhan Raza Khan, and Munawwar Rahman. "In vitro assessment of the accuracy of extraoral periapical radiography in root length determination." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 01 (January 2016): 034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.175681.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the accuracy of extra oral periapical radiography in obtaining root length by comparing it with the radiographs obtained from standard intraoral approach and extended distance intraoral approach. Materials and Methods: It was an in vitro, comparative study conducted at the dental clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital. ERC exemption was obtained for this work, ref number 3407Sur-ERC-14. We included premolars and molars of a standard phantom head mounted with metal and radiopaque teeth. Radiation was exposed using three radiographic approaches: Standard intraoral, extended length intraoral and extraoral. Since, the unit of analysis was individual root, thus, we had a total of 24 images. The images were stored in VixWin software. The length of the roots was determined using the scale function of the measuring tool inbuilt in the software. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and GraphPad software. Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman test was applied to determine whether the tooth length readings obtained from three different approaches were correlated. P = 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The correlation between standard intraoral and extended intraoral was 0.97; the correlation between standard intraoral and extraoral method was 0.82 while the correlation between extended intraoral and extraoral was 0.76. The results of Bland–Altman test showed that the average discrepancy between these methods is not large enough to be considered as significant. Conclusions: It appears that the extraoral radiographic method can be used in root length determination in subjects where intraoral radiography is not possible.
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Kindt, Mikael, Maria L. Jönsson, Trine Torfing, Sebastian Strøm Rönnquist, Bjarke Viberg, Søren Overgaard, and Cecilia Rogmark. "Assessing osteonecrosis of the femoral head after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in young patients with fixation implants in situ: the value of MARS MRI in relation to conventional radiography and patient-reported outcomes." Acta Orthopaedica 94 (March 31, 2023): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/17453674.2023.11658.
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Background and purpose: Little is known on the use of metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI to diagnose osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) after fixation of femoral neck fractures (FNF) with conventional metal implants present. We compared MARS MRI with radiography in diagnosing ONFH. Secondarily, we determined whether signs of ONFH on MARS MRI correlate with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) via Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and pain (VAS).Patients and methods: 30 adults under 60 years treated with internal fixation after FNF were prospectively included (2015–2018) at 2 hospitals. They were followed up with radiography and PROs at 4, 12, and 24 months and MARS MRI at 4 and 12 months. OHS < 34 or VAS pain > 20 was considered significant.Results: At 12 months, 14 patients had a pathological MRI. 3 of 14 had ONFH on radiographs at 12 months, increasing to 5 at 24 months, and 4 had unfavorable PROs. 2 of 5 patients with ONFH signs on both MRI and radiography had unfavorable PROs. 1 of 10 patients with normal MRI and radiography had unfavorable 2-year PROs. 4 patients had inconsistent MRI results, of which 1 developed ONFH. 1 patient dropped out.Conclusion: Information from a pathological MRI was not useful, as a majority remained free from symptoms and ONFH signs on radiographs. Furthermore, PROs did not correlate with imaging results. MARS MRI findings must be better understood before being taken into clinical practice. However, a normal MARS MRI seems to be a good prognostic finding.
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Sparrow, T., J. Meswania, G. Blunn, and N. Fitzpatrick. "Shoulder joint hemiarthroplasty for treatment of a severe osteochondritis dissecans lesion in a dog." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 03 (2014): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-13-07-0087.
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SummaryIntroduction: Partial resurfacing of the humeral head has been reported in humans to treat humeral osteochondritis dissecans. The aim is to describe a custom-made humeral resurfacing prosthesis for treatment of severe humeral head osteochondritis dissecans in a dog.Case report: A seven-month-old female entire St. Bernard dog was presented with a 10 week history of severe left thoracic limb lameness. Radiography, arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an extensive osteochondritis dissecans lesion affecting the caudal, medial and central regions of the humeral head. A prosthesis designed from computed tomography (CT) images was manufactured in polished stainless steel alloy with a hydroxyapatite coated base and central finned humeral stem for cementless insertion. A standard caudal approach to the shoulder was used to place the prosthesis following reaming of the caudal humeral head.Results: Radiography and CT imaging revealed appropriate topographical placement on the humerus. Force plate analysis demonstrated initial reduction in ground reaction force at six weeks, followed by gradual improvement at three months. There was no radiographic evidence of implant loosening and the range of shoulder joint motion was comparable to the contralateral joint at three months; these findings were maintained to final follow-up at 24 months.Clinical significance: Placement of a humeral head resurfacing prosthesis was an effective technique for the management of severe osteochondritis dissecans-related shoulder lameness. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the clinical use of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in a dog.
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Kim, Hyung-Suh, Kyung-Wook Nha, and Jae-Hoo Lee. "Osteonecrosis of Humeral Head after Arthroscopic Capsular Release for Postoperative Shoulder Joint Stiffness: A Case Report." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2024): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14031252.
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An arthroscopic capsular release (ACR) is used for persistent shoulder stiffness after an index surgery. No cases of post-ACR humeral head osteonecrosis have been reported to date. A 56-year-old male patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation using a hook plate for acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Despite hardware removal, the patient presented with unresolved shoulder pain and range-of-motion (ROM) limitations. He had a history of hypertension, chronic hepatitis B infection, and alcohol consumption. His preoperative ROM was 90° for active forward flexion, 90° for abduction, 40° for external rotation, and at a sacral level for internal rotation. His preoperative functional status was a visual analog scale (VAS) score of 4, an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score of 51, and a Constant–Murley (CMS) score of 48 through normal radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. A standard ACR was performed with a 360° release of the joint capsule via electrocautery ablation. Six months post-ACR, his ROM (forward flexion: 135°; abduction: 135°; external rotation: 70°; internal rotation: T10 vertebra) and functional outcomes (VAS 2; ASES 79; CMS 75) were significantly improved, without an interval change in radiographic assessment. However, 15 months post-operation, the patient experienced a recurrence of shoulder pain and subsequently underwent triamcinolone injections in both the 15th and 21st postoperative months. Radiography revealed humeral head osteonecrosis. Patients with intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors related to humeral head circulation disturbance should be monitored for humeral head osteonecrosis post-ACR.
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Carrière, Benoit, Karine Clément, and Jocelyn Gravel. "Variation in the use of skull radiographs by emergency physicians in young children with minor head trauma." CJEM 16, no. 04 (July 2014): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/8000.2013.131081.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Minor head trauma in young children is a major cause of emergency department visits. Conflicting guidelines exist regarding radiologic evaluation in such cases.Objective:To determine the practice pattern among Canadian emergency physicians for ordering skull radiographs in young children suffering from minor head trauma. Physicians were also surveyed on their willingness to use a clinical decision rule in such cases.Design/Methods:A self-administered email questionnaire was sent to all members of the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) group. It consisted of clinical vignettes followed by multiple-option answers on the management plan. The study was conducted using the principles of the Dillman Tailored Design method and included multiple emailings to maximize the response rate. The research protocol received Institutional Review Board approval.Results:A total of 158 of 295 (54%) PERC members responded. Most participants were trained in pediatric emergency medicine and assessed more than 500 children per year. Imaging management for the vignettes was highly variable: 6 of the 11 case scenarios had a proportion of radiograph ordering between 20 and 80%. Ninety-five percent of respondents stated that they would apply a validated clinical decision rule for the detection of skull fracture in young children with minor head trauma. The minimum sensitivity deemed acceptable for such a rule was 98%.Conclusion:Canadian emergency physicians have a wide variation in skull radiography ordering in young children with minor head trauma. This variation, along with the need expressed by physicians, suggests that further research to develop a clinical decision rule is warranted.
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Choi, Jun Young. "Analysis of Congenital Postaxial Polydactyly of the Foot Using Magnetic Resonance Imagings." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00142.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of congenital postaxial polydactyly of the foot. Methods: Three-hundred and forty-seven feet of 288 patients who underwent congenital postaxial polydactyly or polysyndactyly correction were divided into five subtypes according to the radiographic shapes of deformity origins (widened metatarsal head, bifid, fused duplicated, incompletely duplicated, or completely duplicated). MRIs were assessed to determine whether they unrevealed areas were fused or separated. MRI was also used to assess cases with radiographic phalangeal aplasia. Results: Huge variations were noted in MRIs. Fusion or separation at the base or head between original and extra digits were observed, and MRI effectively depicted phalangeal aplastic. Conclusion: MRI evaluations of congenital postaxial polydactyly of the foot are useful for determining the anatomical statuses which were not visualized by plain radiography.
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Sercarz, Joel, E. Carmack Holmes, David Ellison, and Thomas C. Calcaterra. "Isolated Pulmonary Nodules in Head and Neck Cancer Patients." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 2 (February 1989): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800206.
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Not infrequently, a patient with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer is noted on preoperative chest radiography to have a solitary pulmonary nodule. It is initially unclear whether the pulmonary nodule is a benign lesion or a metastatic or primary lung malignancy. Considerable controversy exists regarding the evaluation of such patients as well as the treatment, assuming that the pulmonary lesion is malignant. We have reviewed the UCLA experience with patients who had head and neck cancers and pulmonary cancers no more than 5 years apart, and reviewed the literature on early stage lung cancer. We present a rational approach to the workup and treatment of patients with head and neck cancer and a pulmonary nodule on chest radiography.
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Masashi, Shinohara, Yamaguchi Satoshi, and Ono Yoshimasa. "Anatomical Risk Factors Associated with Rapid Progression of Hallux Valgus Deformity." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00348.
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Category: Bunion; Other Introduction/Purpose: Hallux valgus (HV) deformity generally progresses gradually over the long term. However, the deformity progresses rapidly in some patients. Information on the future progression of the deformity helps treatment decision-making of both surgeons and patients. However, few studies have reported the natural progression of HV deformity. The purposes of this study were to clarify 1) the incidence and 2) anatomical risk factors of the rapid progression of HV deformity. Methods: Patients who visited the foot and ankle clinic of our hospital between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were patients who underwent repeated foot radiographs with an interval of >=2 years. Exclusion criteria were patients <18 years old, history of first ray surgery, deformity or destruction of the first metatarsal head, and unable to stand plantigrade. The increase in HV angle between the baseline and the last follow-up was calculated. Then, patients were dichotomized into two groups: those with an increase in HV angle >=5°(Group P) and those with an increase of <5°(Group S). Radiographic measurements, including HV angle, Hardy’s sesamoid position, distal metatarsal articular angle, rounded metatarsal head, first metatarsal protrusion distance, were performed on the dorsoplantar and lateral foot radiographs at the baseline. The association between the baseline radiographic measurements and progression of HV deformity was assessed using the univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 268 feet of 268 patients (217 women and 51 men, mean age 61 years) were analyzed. The mean HV angle was 28°, and the mean interval between radiography was 49 months. Forty-five (17%) and 223 (83%) feet were categorized into groups P and S, respectively. The baseline Hardy’s sesamoid position was independently associated with the future progression of the deformity: 6/115 (5%) feet with normal sesamoid (grade <4) were in group P. On the other hand, 39/183 (21%) feet with laterally deviated sesamoid (grade>=4), 39 were in group P (p<0.001). The HV angle at baseline was not associated with the deformity progression (p=0.09). Other measurements, such as rounded metatarsal head, were also not associated with the progression. Conclusion: The rapid progression of HV deformity occurred in 1 out of 6 patients. Furthermore, the lateral deviation of the sesamoid on the dorsoplantar radiograph of the foot may be the risk factor of the rapid progression. For patients with mild deformity but deviated sesamoid, early corrective surgery may be justified to prevent the rapid progression of HV deformity.
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Angmorterh, Seth Kwadjo, Andrew England, Sonia Aboagye, Eric Kwasi Ofori, and Peter Hogg. "An Experimental Intervention Study Assessing the Impact of a Thin Silicone Gel Surface Overlay on Interface Pressure." Radiology Research and Practice 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3246531.
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Introduction. The incidence of pressure ulcers (PUs) presents a substantial threat to patients, especially geriatric patients, those with restricted mobility, and patients suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer. PUs creates a huge financial burden on healthcare authorities and patients, costing billions to treat and manage. Radiography and radiotherapy patients may experience medical device related (MDR) PUs and studies have shown that high interface pressure (IP) values exist for the head when placed on an X-ray table without a mattress. These high IP values pose a PU risk to patients, especially those accessing prolonged radiography/radiology and radiotherapy procedures. The current study assessed the impact on IP values for the head from using a thin silicone gel surface overlay during radiographic procedures and identified whether this reduced the risk of PUs. Materials and Methods. A calibrated XSENSOR pressure mat was used to measure IP for the head on an X-ray table with and without a thin silicone gel surface overlay. Prior to pressure mapping, the silicone gel surface overlay was assessed for its impact on radiation attenuation and image quality. Results. Study participants were 14 males (70%) and six females (30%), with an age range of 25–53 years (mean = 34.4 ± 7.0). Paired-samples t-test results indicated that there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean IP for the head on the X-ray table without the silicone gel surface overlay (mean = 83.9 ± 8.2 in mmHg) and the X-ray table with the gel surface overlay (mean = 62.4 ± 6.1 in mmHg), p ≤ 0.001 . Paired-samples t-test results indicated that there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean peak pressure index (PPI) for the head on the X-ray table without the silicone gel surface overlay (mean = 205.1 ± 28.2 in mmHg) and the X-ray table with the gel surface overlay (mean = 159.8 ± 26.8 in mmHg), p ≤ 0.001 . Conclusions. The use of a thin silicone gel surface overlay could reduce IP risk for the head by approximately 25%. The reduction in IP risk could have a significant impact in reducing the risk of developing a PU. To ensure maximum benefit, the silicone gel surface overlay should be evaluated to address the specific needs within radiography and radiotherapy planning and treatment settings.
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Hall, F. M. "Skull radiography in the evaluation of acute head trauma." Radiology 183, no. 2 (May 1992): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.183.2.1561374.
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Gbaanador, G. B. M., A. H. Fruin, and C. Taylon. "Role of routine emergency cervical radiography in head trauma." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 80, no. 2 (August 1987): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198708000-00084.
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Gbaanador, Gbaranen B. M., Alan H. Fruin, and Charles Taylon. "Role of routine emergency cervical radiography in head trauma." American Journal of Surgery 152, no. 6 (December 1986): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(86)90441-1.
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Thanni, LO. "Evaluation of guidelines for skull radiography in head injury." Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal 10, no. 4 (2003): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1117-1936.174217.
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Roberts, William M. "Role of routine emergency cervical radiography in head trauma." Journal of Emergency Medicine 5, no. 5 (September 1987): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(87)90159-4.
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Qiang, Yang, Zhao Yanhong, Peng Jiang, Lu Shibi, Guo Quanyi, Ma Xinlong, Xia Qun, et al. "Xenoimplantation of an Extracellular-Matrix-Derived, Biphasic, Cell-Scaffold Construct for Repairing a Large Femoral-Head High-Load-Bearing Osteochondral Defect in a Canine Model." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/127084.
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This study was aimed to develop an ECM-derived biphasic scaffold and to investigate its regeneration potential loaded with BM-MSCs in repair of large, high-load-bearing osteochondral defects of the canine femoral head. The scaffolds were fabricated using cartilage and bone ECM as a cartilage and bone layer, respectively. Osteochondral constructs were fabricated using induced BM-MSCs and the scaffold. Osteochondral defects (11 mm diameter × 10 mm depth) were created on femoral heads of canine and treated with the constructs. The repaired tissue was evaluated for gross morphology, radiography, histological, biomechanics at 3 and 6 months after implantation. Radiography revealed that femoral heads slightly collapsed at 3 months and severely collapsed at 6 months. Histology revealed that some defects in femoral heads were repaired, but with fibrous tissue or fibrocartilage, and femoral heads with different degrees of collapse. The bone volume fraction was lower for subchondral bone than normal femoral bone at 3 and 6 months. Rigidity was lower in repaired subchondral bone than normal femoral bone at 6 months. The ECM-derived, biphasic scaffold combined with induced BM-MSCs did not successfully repair large, high-load-bearing osteochondral defects of the canine femoral head. However, the experience can help improve the technique of scaffold fabrication and vascularization.
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Kealy, R. D., D. F. Lawler, K. L. Monti, D. Biery, R. W. Helms, G. Lust, S. E. Olsson, and G. K. Smith. "Effects of dietary electrolyte balance on subluxation of the femoral head in growing dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.04.555.
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Summary Effects of increased dietary chloride and reduced sodium and potassium ion concentrations on coxofemoral joint conformation, as assessed by radiography, were examined in growing dogs. Dietary electrolyte balance was quantified by dietary anion gap (dag), defined as Na+ + K+ - Cl- in milliequivalents per 100 g of food. Diets had anion gap ranging from 8 to 41 mEq/100 g of food. One hundred sixty-seven pups from 27 litters representing 5 breeds were studied during the period of rapid growth. The extent of subluxation of the femoral head was measured on radiographs, using the method of Norberg. On average, less subluxation of the femoral head (P < 0.05) was observed when diets with lower dag were fed. Differences in dag balance did not result in different rates of weight gain; therefore, the reduction in coxofemoral joint subluxation attributable to low dag was unrelated to weight gain. Norberg angles measured at 30 weeks of age were highly correlated with coxofemoral joint status at 2 years of age, as measured by the Swedish diagnostic system and the scoring system of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (|r| ≥ 0.70, P < 0.0002, n = 24). This diet-related improvement in coxofemoral joint subluxation would be expected, on average, to delay or mitigate the characteristic clinical and radiographic signs of hip dysplasia in growing dogs.
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Manja, Cek Dara, and Daashinta Rajaduray. "Analysis of height and width of mandibular condyle and shape of the articular eminence with and without clicking using TMJ radiography." International Journal of Dentistry Research 4, no. 3 (December 25, 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/dentistry.2019.4303.
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The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint of the mandibular condyle with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and is the only joint in the head that is responsible for opening and closing movements of the jaw. Cliking is the most frequent symptom indicating temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several radiographic techniques are used to establish the diagnosis in the examination of the temporomandibular joint. This research was carried out using closed mouth TMJ radiography. The purpose of this study was to determine the height and width of the mandibular condyle and the form of eminence with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs. This research is a descriptive analytic study. The results showed that the average height of the mandibular condyle with clicking was 18,796 mm and without clicking was 22,812 mm. The average width of the mandibular condyle with cliking is 11673mm and without cliking is 11,181mm. The average form of articular eminence with clicking is 36.754 ° and without cliking is 41.081 °. The conclusion of the study was that using the Independent t test there were significant differences in the height of the mandibular condyle and the shape of the articular eminence but there was no significant difference in the width of the mandibular condyle with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs.
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Albrechtsen, J., J. Hede, and A. G. Jurik. "Pelvic Fractures." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 5 (September 1994): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500504.
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Sixty-two patients with pelvic fractures were evaluated by conventional radiography and CT. A correct pathoanatomic classification of the fractures was most often obtained by conventional radiography, but CT added information regarding acetabular fractures and involvement of the posterior part of the pelvic ring. Besides, CT was essential in the detection of intraarticular fragments and lesions of the femoral head. Classification of pelvic ring fractures by the pattern of traumatic forces was easily obtainable by conventional radiography, but often difficult to achieve by CT.
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Woroprobosari, Niluh Ringga. "EFEK STOKASTIK RADIASI SINAR-X DENTAL PADA IBU HAMIL DAN JANIN." ODONTO : Dental Journal 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.3.1.60-66.
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Background: Dental radiographic examination is one of the most frequent radiological examinations carried out. X-rays in dental radiography is a shortwave electromagnetic rays that cause ionization reaction to any biological material in its path. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of stochastic effects in general as well as to pregnant women and fetuses in particular.Discussion: Ionizing radiation, such as X-ray radiation, is potentially teratogenic. Safe dose has not been well defined, although there has been approved dosing limits. Gestational age most vulnerable is the end of week 2 to A weeks post-conception. If the much needed radiographs of a woman who is pregnant, then the X-ray exposure will be directed mostly to the head and neck area.Conc/usion: Therefore, the application of the principle of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) as well as good protection, including instrument control, protection of the room, the cumulative exposure dose control, and the use of apron throughout the process, is noteworthy. Such protection, especially for pregnant women and fetuses.
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Huang, Brady K., Weiken Tan, Kurt F. Scherer, Winston Rennie, Christine B. Chung, and Laura W. Bancroft. "Standard and Advanced Imaging of Hip Osteoarthritis. What the Radiologist Should Know." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 23, no. 03 (June 2019): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681050.
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AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is caused by degeneration of articular cartilage and the underlying bone and can be divided into two types: primary (associated with advancing age) and secondary (subsequent to fractures, avascular necrosis, infection, developmental dysplasia, and femoroacetabular impingement). Radiography remains the first-line imaging modality for diagnosing and monitoring OA, due to its accessibility, low cost, and ease of interpretation. Kellgren-Lawrence and Tönnis classification systems are radiographic OA grading systems used primarily in research, and they reflect the degree of joint space narrowing, sclerosis, cysts, deformity of the femoral head and acetabulum, and osteophytes. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) provides detailed visualization of the hip joint segments that may be difficult to appreciate on radiographs, such as the inferoposterior and posterolateral hip joint. CT arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance arthrography with two-dimensional reconstructions can delineate labral abnormalities, cartilage lesions, and other intra-articular hip pathology. T2 and T2* mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage, T1rho, ultra-short echo time, and zero echo time are investigative MR techniques with promising evaluation of hip OA.
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Bremnes, Alexander, Lise Kristin Kubosch, and Borgny Ween. "Optimization of Codman® Hakim® adjustable valve radiography." Radiography Open 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/radopen.1998.
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Purpose Cerebrospinal fluid shunt valves is an important tool in hydrocephalus treatment. Adjustable valves, sensitive to MRI, are onerous. They need be controlled; in case of re-settings. The vendor give advices for the radiographic procedure; however, hospitals use variations. The purpose was to investigate the different variations. Method Eight images consisting combinations of protocol features, were subjectively and anonymous rated for image quality. The panel consisted of 60 professionals; 50 radiographers and 10 radiologists, from two hospitals doing neurosurgery services. Signal-to-noise ratio compared the level of desired signal to the level of background noise. Results 348 scores were distributed onto all eight images, revealing the image quality difference was within acceptance. Options as valve on the head side near to the detector versus far to; differing geometry, use of head bowl versus not use, air-gap versus grids, were favored by both professional groups and at both hospitals in a clear priority image, given 2.5 times scores over average (108/43). Noise, revealed being the strongest indicator for priority of the best image for shunt evaluation. ConclusionsIt is a potential to improve image optimization in shunt radiography.
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Thapa, Sunil Singh, Arjun Lamichanne, and Deepak Prakash Mahara. "Tuberculous pseudotumor of fibular head." Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 18, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jssn.v18i2.18573.
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Tuberculous osteomyelitis of long tubular bone is uncommon, the reported incidence is about 2-3 %. Tuberculous osteomyelitis of fibular head is very rare and it mimics neoplasm. Here we report a case of a 28 year old male presenting with unremitting right knee pain with swelling around fibular head with knee radiography showing lytic lesion of proximal fibula,excisional biopsy was done and histopathological report confirmed it as tuberculous osteomyelitis. Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal, 2015; 18 (2), page: 33-35
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Kitai, Noriyuki, Yousuke Mukai, Manabu Murabayashi, Atsushi Kawabata, Kaei Washino, Masato Matsuoka, Ichirou Shimizu, and Akitoshi Katsumata. "Measurement accuracy with a new dental panoramic radiographic technique based on tomosynthesis." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 1 (May 21, 2012): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/020412-100.1.
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Abstract Objective: To investigate measurement errors and head positioning effects on radiographs made with new dental panoramic radiograph equipment that uses tomosynthesis. Materials and Methods: Radiographic images of a simulated human head or phantom were made at standard head positions using the new dental panoramic radiograph equipment. Measurement errors were evaluated by comparing with the true values. The phantom was also radiographed at various alternative head positions. Significant differences between measurement values at standard and alternative head positions were evaluated. Magnification ratios of the dimensions at standard and alternative head positions were calculated. Results: The measurement errors were small for all dimensions. On the measurements at 4-mm displacement positions, no dimension was significantly different from the standard value, and all dimensions were within ±5% of the standard values. At 12-mm displacement positions, the magnification ratios for tooth length and mandibular ramus height were within ±5% of the standard values, but those for dental arch width, mandibular width, and mandibular body length were beyond ±5% of the standard values. Conclusions: Measurement errors on radiographs made using the new panoramic radiograph equipment were small in any direction. At 4-mm head displacement positions, no head positioning effect on the measurements was found. At 12-mm head displacement positions, the measurements for vertical dimensions were little affected by head positioning, while those for lateral and anteroposterior dimensions were strongly affected.
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Voicu, Ioan Paul, and Tommaso Bartalena. "Frontal Osteoma‐Induced Headache Revealed by Conventional Radiography With a False Negative MRI: Röntgen Strikes Back." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 60, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13762.
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Sivaneri, Mona, R. Constance Wiener, Alcinda K. Trickett Shockey, and Christopher Waters. "Dental Student Skills in Matching Radiographs for Forensic Identification and in Forensic Knowledge." Journal of Biomedical Education 2018 (April 2, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4389259.
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Purpose and Objectives. Dental and dental hygiene curricula must meet the core competencies established by the American Dental Association Commission on Dental Accreditation. As a result, there is limited time to expose students to the research and knowledge associated with additional important topics, such as dental forensics. The purpose of this research is to assess dental forensic knowledge and dental forensic radiographic skills of dental students. Methods. Ten radiographs of extracted permanent maxillary molars were exposed. One of the teeth was heat-altered to 600°F (315.6°C) for 15 minutes and then was radiographed. The 11 radiographs were presented to 152 dental students who were asked to match the radiograph of the heat-altered tooth to the original radiograph of that tooth. Students were also asked to respond to a 10-question survey about dental forensic knowledge. Results. Most (92.1%) students matched the heat-altered tooth’s radiograph with the original radiograph. Five survey questions had at least 70% of the respondents with correct responses. There were no statistically significant differences by dental class status or sex. Conclusion. Although dental students were competent in matching radiographs, there remains a need for more knowledge about dental forensics.