Academic literature on the topic 'Head Radiography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Head Radiography"
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Ellenbecker, Todd S., Angelo J. Mattalino, Eric Elam, and Roger Caplinger. "Quantification of Anterior Translation of the Humeral Head in the Throwing Shoulder." American Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 2 (March 2000): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280020501.
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Clinical evaluation of humeral head translation relies mainly on manual tests to measure laxity in the human shoulder. The purposes of this study were to determine whether side-to-side differences exist in anterior humeral head translation in professional baseball pitchers, to compare manual laxity testing with stress radiography for quantifying humeral head translation, and to test intrarater reliability of the manual humeral head translation and stress radiography tests. Twenty professional baseball pitchers underwent bilateral manual anterior humeral head translation and stress radiographic tests. Stress radiography was performed by imparting a 15-daN anterior load to the shoulder in 90° of abduction with both neutral and 60° of external rotation and recording the glenohumeral joint translation at rest and under stress in each position. Eight subjects were retested to assess the reliability of these methods. Results showed no significant difference between the dominant and nondominant extremity in the amount of anterior humeral head translation measured manually and with stress radiography, nor significant correlation between anterior humeral head translation measured manually and by stress radiography. Testretest reliability was moderate-to-poor for the manual humeral head translation test and moderate for stress radiography.
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Ngan, Daniel C. S., Om P. Kharbanda, Joseph P. Geenty, and M. Ali Darendeliler. "Comparison of radiation levels from computed tomography and conventional dental radiographs." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 19, no. 2 (November 1, 2003): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2003-0009.
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Abstract Background: With the increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in oral diagnosis and treatment planning, concern has been expressed about the high levels of radiation used, and the associated risks. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiation doses of facial CT scans with the radiation doses taking a lateral cephalometric radiograph, a panoramic radiograph (OPG), an occlusal film, and an intra-oral periapical radiograph. Methods: An Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic phantom head was used for the analysis. Thirty-six lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed in the phantom head in locations representing radiosensitive sites. Standard facial CT scans and conventional radiographs (lateral cephalometric, OPG, maxillary occlusal, intra-oral periapical) were then taken of the phantom head. Results: The following radiation doses were measured: maxillo-mandibular CT scan, 2.1 mSv; maxillary CT scan, 1.40 mSv; mandibular CT scan, 1.32 mSv; lateral cephalometric radiograph, 0.005 mSv; OPG, 0.010 mSv; maxillary occlusal, 0.007 mSv; intra-oral periapical radiograph, 0.005 mSv. Conclusions: CT scans produce significantly more ionising radiation than conventional radiographs. This factor should be taken into account when considering a CT scan as an alternative to a survey with conventional radiographs. While CT scans offer many advantages over conventional radiography the high radiation dose to patients, and the cost of this procedure should be considered.
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Aktuna Belgin, Ceren, and Gözde Serindere. "Evaluation of error types and quality on panoramic radiography." International Dental Research 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no3.2.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of panoramic radiographic errors and to evaluate the correlation between age and panoramic radiographic error types.
Methodology: A total of 500 panoramic radiographs (259 male, 241 female) which have been taken for various reasons were randomly selected from the archive of our dentomaxillofacial radiology department. Patients were divided into six age groups and by sex. The assessed errors included the tongue not in contact with palate, slumped position, patients not biting on bite block, patient movement, the chin tipped high, the chin tipped low, the patient positioned forward, the patient positioned backward, patient’ head turned to one side, foreign bodies in the image, exposure errors, positioning error of the lips and missing image. Each radiograph was quality rated as excellent, diagnostically acceptable or unacceptable.
Results: One or more errors were detected in 317 (63.4%) of the 500 panoramic radiographs, while no error was found in 183 (%36.6). It was observed that the most common error type was the slumped position (13.2%). Quality of the panoramic radiographs was evaluated according to the criteria, only 15% images were classified as “excellent”, 48.2% was as “inadequate for diagnosis” and 36.8% was as “adequate for diagnosis”. It was recorded that “slumped position” and “patient movement” errors were statistically significant in >56 years (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Patients can be protected from unnecessary radiation reception by investigating the causes of panoramic radiographic errors and training of technicians in this direction.
How to cite this article: Aktuna Belgin C, Serindere G. Evaluation of error types and quality on panoramic radiography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):99-104.
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Albertsen, M., N. Egund, E. Jonsson, and L. Lidgren. "Assessment AT CT of the Rheumatoid Shoulder with Surgical Correlation." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 2 (March 1994): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500213.
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Eleven shoulders in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined by conventional radiography and CT prior to cup hemiarthroplasty of the humeral head and the results were compared with the surgical findings. There was good agreement between preoperative CT and surgical findings. Humeral head cavities and erosions, with cortical boundaries, could be seen more accurately at CT than at conventional radiography. The HU of their contents corresponded to those of soft tissue, being granulomatous in nature at surgery. In 8 humeral heads CT disclosed large areas of fatty degeneration of bone marrow with HU between − 10 HU and − 76 HU that were not visible on the conventional radiographs. These “fatty cysts” had no cortical boundaries, unlike inflammatory granulomas, but both lesions may influence the surgical approach to hemiarthroplasty.
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Christman, RA, and P. Ly. "Radiographic anatomy of the first metatarsal." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 80, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-80-4-177.
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Normal radiographic anatomy of the first metatarsal bone is established through cadaver dissection, examination of bone specimens, and radiography. Extra-articular and distal articular anatomical landmarks are identified with wire markers. Dorsoplantar, lateral, lateral oblique, and medial oblique radiographs of 15 osteologic sites are presented, including the articular margins of the first metatarsal head, the borders of the three diaphyseal surfaces, the origins of the metatarsophalangeal collateral and metatarsosesamoid suspensory ligaments, and the insertions of the first cuneiform-metatarsal joint ligaments and the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus tendons. The correlation of gross anatomy and radiographs is described.
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Chin, Kuen, Alex Chowdhury, Dimitra Leivadiotou, Helen Marmery, and Philip Michael Ahrens. "The accuracy of plain radiographs in diagnosing degenerate rotator cuff disease." Shoulder & Elbow 11, no. 1_suppl (December 11, 2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573217743942.
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Background A number of radiographic signs have been previously demonstrated to be associated with degenerative rotator cuff tears. An ability to predict the presence of a tear by radiography would permit the early commencement of appropriate treatment and the avoidance of unnecessary invasive investigations. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of using radiographic signs to predict the presence of a cuff tear on arthroscopy. Methods Fifty consecutive patients who had undergone shoulder arthroscopy and had pre-operative plain radiographs were included. Pre-operative radiographs were reviewed by a consultant shoulder surgeon, a consultant radiologist and a senior clinical fellow for the following signs: acromial spur; subjective reduction of subacromial space; sourcil sign; acromial acetabularization; os acromiale; greater tuberosity cortical irregularity; greater tuberosity sclerosis; humeral head rounding; cyst; and reduction in acromiohumeral head distance. Results The presence of tuberosity sclerosis ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity irregularities ( p < 0.0001), tuberosity cyst ( p = 0.004) and sourcil sign ( p = 0.019) was associated with the presence of a rotator cuff tear. The combined sensitivity of prediction of tear by the observers following radiographic review was 91.7%, with a combined negative predictive value of 80%. Conclusions The assessment of radiographs by senior clinicians is a useful tool for confirming the absence of a rotator cuff tear.
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Kus, Stanley P., and Joe P. Morgan. "RADIOGRAPHY OF THE CANINE HEAD." Veterinary Radiology 26, no. 6 (November 1985): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1985.tb01407.x.
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Lee, Hee Young, Matthieu Lalevee, Nacime S. Mansur, Kevin N. Dibbern, Amanda Ehret, Connor Maly, Walter C. Hembree, John E. Femino, Victoria Vivtcharenko, and Cesar de Cesar Netto. "Comparative Assessment of Hallux Rigidus using Conventional Radiograph and Weightbearing CT." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00304.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The etiology of hallux rigidus (HR) is not well understood and Its association with first-ray hypermobility, hallux valgus and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) has not been clearly proven. MPE, elevated first metatarsal has been a topic of debate since Lambrinudi`s first description. Recent studies have supported MPE in hallux rigidus by measuring with various methods on wightbearing lateral radiographs, but there are limitations of conventional radiography due to variation in X- ray projection and superimposed metatarsals regardless of the methods of measurement. Our objective was to assess MPE and other associated parameters with hallux rigidus via radiography and WBCT for convergent validity and to evaluate the use of classification system used in conventional radiography with WBCT. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study from prospectively collected data. 20 symptomatic hallux rigidus patient with weightbearing radiograph and WBCT were enrolled from October 2014 to December 2020. Measured parameters included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux interphalangeal angle (HIPA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), 1st TMT joint version, First and second metatarsal lengths, Metatarsus adductus angle, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel, First and second metatarsal declination angles, and MPE. MPE was measured as the direct distance between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (modified Horton index). All patients were graded according to the radiographic criteria of Coughlin and Shurnas classification on radiographs and WBCT, separately. Paired T-test was performed to compare radiographic measurements with WBCT. Results: Mean age was 55.9, 12 males and 8 females. HVA (15.73 in X-ray vs 14.04 in WBCT), AP first TMT version (16.25 vs 16.47), 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle (24.54 vs 26.60), Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel (-7.67 vs -7.89) were not different between radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT by 0.86 mm compared to radiograph. First metatarsal declination angle was lower in WBCT by 2.9° indicating increased MPE. When graded with radiographic findings, 5 (25%) patients were grade 1, 5 (25%) patients were grade 2 and 10 (50%) grade 3, when graded with WBCT, 1 (5%) patient had grade 1, 3 (15%) patients were grade 2 and 16 (80%) grade 3. Dorsal subluxation/translation of first metatarsal at first TMT joint was observed 3 (15%) in radiograph and 9 (45%) in WBCT. Conclusion: HVA, AP first TMT version, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel demonstrated consistent measurements in radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT when measured with direct distance (0.86 mm) between the first and second metatarsals using modified Horton index and first metatarsal declination angle (2.9°). When graded with WBCT, the subchondral cyst in the proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated leading to higher grade in WBCT. Further studies are needed for inter-rater reliability and discriminant validity of the measurements determined by differences between different groups (HR vs control).
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Kim, Hyungsuk, Syungkyun Choi, Soo Bin Park, and Hyun Seok Song. "Evaluation of acromial spur using ultrasonography." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2020.00332.
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Background: The presence of an acromial spur implies a rotator cuff disorder due to impingement between the acromial spur and the rotator cuff. The purpose of the study was to observe acromial spurs using ultrasonography and to compare measurements between plain radiographs and sonograms.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 51 consecutive patients with acromial spurs, which were interpreted on preoperative plain radiographs (supraspinatus outlet view and 30° caudal tilt) and preoperative sonograms. The ultrasonography transducer was held vertically and continuously moved laterally, which corresponded to the long axis of the long head of the biceps. The distance from the most distal margin of the original acromion to the most projected point of the acromial spur was measured.Results: No significant difference was found between the plain radiograph and ultrasonography measurements (p=0.186). A moderate to strong correlation was detected between the ultrasonography and supraspinatus outlet-view measurements (r=0.776, p=0.000).Conclusions: Anteriorly projected acromial spurs were well-visualized by ultrasonography. No discrepancy in acromial spur length was detected between the use of plain radiography (supraspinatus outlet view and 30° caudal-tilt view) and ultrasonography. The correlation coefficients between the plain radiography and ultrasonography measurements exceeded 0.7.
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Kaniklides, C., B. Sahlstedt, T. Lönnerholm, and A. Moberg. "Conventional Radiography and Bone Scintigraphy in the Prognostic Evaluation of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 3P2 (May 1996): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960373p227.
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Purpose: The role of conventional radiography and bone scintigraphy in predicting the outcome of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease was investigated. Material and Methods: The 75 children reviewed (86 hips) were followed up to the primary healing of the disease. The findings at conventional radiography (obtained at presentation, at the time of maximum capital head involvement, and at the end of the healing process of the disease) were compared to early bone scintigraphy features. Results and Conclusion: Bone scintigraphy provided more accurate information concerning the extent of the necrotic process than initial radiographs. Moreover it could determine revascularization and consequently the stage of the disease. The method was, however, unable to predict the outcome of the disease in some of the cases, particularly if it was performed late after the onset of symptoms. Conventional radiography provided important information about other parameters such as “head-at-risk” signs which facilitated treatment selection. Of these signs not only lateral subluxation but also metaphyseal changes strongly predispose to severe deformity of the hip joint.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Head Radiography"
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Hashim, Hanizah Aman. "The reproducibility of Johnston's cephalometric superimposition method in analyzing activator treatment changes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4932.
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Gold, Brenda Joan. "A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis system for the measurement of subsidence of the femoral components in total hip arthroplasty." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26276.
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McKee, Ian William. "The accuracy of panoramic radiography in the assessment of mesiodistal tooth angulations at varying horizontal and vertical head positions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60468.pdf.
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Negreiros, Paulo Eduardo. "O efeito sobre as medidas cefalometricas devido à alteração da posição natural da cabeça (PNC) em telerradiografias tomadas em norma lateral." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290216.
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Orientador: Vânia Célia Vieira de SiqueiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T06:12:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Negreiros_PauloEduardo_M.pdf: 4232544 bytes, checksum: e8434e2474207fec3d2143a9d7c9541f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: Em 1884, os craniologistas adotaram o plano horizontal de Frankfurt, determinado pelos pontos Pório esquerdo, Pório direito e pelo ponto Infra-orbitário esquerdo, como sendo a referência que define a posição da cabeça enquanto paralela ao solo. Quando do surgimento da cefalometria, adotaram-se inúmeros pontos, linhas e planos de referência utilizados em craniometria, dentre os quais o plano horizontal de Frankfurt, porém somente com o desenvolvimento do cefalostato, em 1931, a validade do emprego dessas referências passou a ser questionada devido à dificuldade de localização dos pontos Pório e do Orbitário e à grande variabilidade interindividual de inclinação desse plano o que gera interpretações duvidosas nas análises cefalométricas nele baseadas. Dessa maneira a Posição Natural da Cabeça (PNC) associada a uma linha de referência extracraniana tornou-se objeto de interesse tanto para a antropologia quanto para a ortodontia por ser um posicionamento estável para as avaliações da estética facial, para o diagnóstico e para o estudo longitudinal do crescimento craniofacial. Este trabalho objetivou estudar as alterações das grandezas cefalométricas angulares e lineares mais comumente utilizadas em cefalometria, quando a posição natural da cabeça (PNC) é modificada durante a tomada da telerradiografia, sua influência no diagnóstico ortodôntico e a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade da PNC em tomadas radiográficas sucessivas. Analisou-se 180 telerradiografias tomadas em norma lateral de 30 pacientes do sexo feminino com idade média de 21,3 anos obtidas em duas séries de tomadas radiográficas com intervalo de 15 dias entre as séries. Registrou-se em cada série, a posição natural da cabeça (PNC), a PNC acrescida de 5 graus (PNC+5°) e a PNC com flexão de 5 graus (PNC-5°) de cada paciente. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as grandezas lineares S-N, ENA-ENP, CO-Gn, Go-Gn, e as grandezas angulares SNA, ANB, PP.GoGn, l.PP, IMPA, 1.1, SN.VER e HF.VER não apresentaram alterações estatisticamente significantes entre as posições estudadas e entre as séries de tomadas radiográficas. As grandezas angulares SNB, SN.GoGn, FMA, SN.PP, Ângulo Z e a grandeza linear Co-Go apresentaram alterações estatisticamente significantes tanto entre as posições quanto entre séries de tomadas radiográficas, porém sem significância do ponto de vista clínico. Concluiu-se que as medidas angulares e lineares avaliadas não apresentaram alterações significantes quando a posição natural da cabeça modificou-se dentro da faixa de variação angular estudada, o que não conduziu a diagnósticos ou interpretações duvidosas. Devido a baixa variação das angulações dos ângulos SN.VER e HF.VER demonstrou-se que a metodologia empregada com a utilização da Unidade Orientadora de Posicionamento, apresentada neste trabalho, permite a reprodutibilidade da posição natural da cabeça com grande confiabilidade dentro de uma faixa de variação da PNC em ± 5°.
Abstract: Em 1884, craniologists adopted the Frankfurt horizontal plane, determined by the left Porion, right Porion and left Orbitale points, as being the reference that defines the head position while parallel to the soil. When of the appearance of the cephalometry, countless points, lines and reference planes were used in craniometry, among them the Frankfurt horizontal plane. However, only with the development of the cephalostat, in 1931, the validity of the employment of those references became questioned due to the difficulty of location of the Porion and Orbitale points and to the great variability of individual inclination of that plane which lead to doubtful interpretations when used for cephalometric analyses. Therefore, the Natural Head Position (NHP) associated with an extracranial reference line became object of so much interest for the anthropology as for the orthodontics due to a stable positioning for the evaluations of the facial aesthetics, diagnosis and for the longitudinal study of the craniofacial growth. This work aimed to study the alterations of angular and linear cephalometrics measurements more commonly used in cephalometry, when the natural head position (NHP) is modified during the taking of cephalometric radiography, its intluence in the orthodontic diagnosis, and the reliability and reproducibility of NHP for successive radiographs. One hundred and eighty cephalometrics radiographs were taken in lateral norm of 30 female patients with age range of 21,3 years old. The X-ray were obtained in two series within 15 days interval among them. In each of the series, the natural head position (NHP), the NHP added of 5 degrees (NHP+5°) and NHP with 5 degrees of flexion (NHP-5°) were registered from each patient. The obtained results demonstrated that the linear measurements S-N, ENA-ENP, CO-Gn, Go-Gn, and the angular measurements SNA, ANB, PP. GoGn, I.PP, IMP A, 1.1, SN. VER and HF. VER did not present statistically significant alterations among the studied positions and the two series of radiographic taken as well. The angular measurements of SNB, SN.GoGn, FMA, SN.PP, Z Angle and the linear measurements Co-Go presented statistically significant alterations even between the positions themselves as in the two series of radiographs taken, however, without significance on the clinical point of view. It was concluded that the angular and linear measurements appraised did not present significant alterations when the natural head position modified within of the angular variation strip studied, which did not lead to doubtful diagnosis or interpretations. Due to low variation of the angulations of the SN.VER and HF.VER angles, it was demonstrated that the methodology used with the employment of the Guiding Unit of Positioning presented in this work, allows the reproducibility of the natural head position with great reliability within at 5° variation strip of NHP.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ortodontia
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Lagacé, Pierre-yves. "Développement et validation d’une méthode d’évaluation destranslations glénohumérales 3d sous EOS(mc)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0059/document.
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L'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle précise de l'épaule, notamment au niveau de l'articulation glénohumérale (GH), permettrait d'améliorer notre compréhension des dysfonctions de l'épaule associées aux ruptures de la coiffe des rotateurs. Cependant, des difficultés techniques compliquent l'analyse de la morphologie et du mouvement de l'épaule dans un contexte clinique. Dans le cadre de la présente thèse, une méthode d'analyse 3D des translations GH basée sur l'acquisition de séquences de radiographies biplanes sous EOS™ a été développée. Une étude pilote sur 10 sujets sains a d'abord permis de vérifier la facilité d'application d'un protocole d'acquisition des images et d'évaluer la répétabilité de l'identification des repères anatomiques de l'épaule sur les radiographies. La méthode proposée en dernier lieu permet, suite à l'acquisition de radiographies, de reconstruire un modèle personnalisé morpho-réaliste de la scapula et un modèle simplifié de l'humérus. Ces modèles sont ensuite recalés interactivement sur les images acquises à différentes positions du bras et utilisés pour décrire les translations GH à ces positions. La méthode a été validée en termes de précision et de répétabilité sur des images acquises d'épaules cadavériques et de patients ayant des ruptures de la coiffe des rotateurs. La dernière partie du travail présenté ici consiste à appliquer la méthode développée à 30 sujets (25 patients et 5 sujets sains) pour lesquels l'état de la coiffe des rotateurs et la fonction de l'épaule ont été évalués, puis à étudier les corrélations entre les translations GH et la fonction de l'épaulePrecise morpho-functional analysis of the shoulder, including of the glenohumeral (GH) joint, would allow improving our understanding of shoulder dysfunction associated to rotator cuff tears. However, technical difficulties make analysis of shoulder morphology and motion difficult in a clinical setting. The work carried out during this thesis allowed developing a method for 3D analysis of GH translations relying on the acquisition of sequences of biplanar radiographs with the EOS™ system. A pilot study carried out on 10 healthy subjects allowed verifying the ease of application of an image acquisition protocol and evaluating the repeatability of shoulder landmark identification on the radiographs. The final proposed method allows, following the acquisition of radiographs, obtaining a personalized morphologically realistic reconstruction of the scapula and a simplified model of the humerus. These models are then interactively registered to the images acquired at different arm positions and used to describe GH translations for these positions. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision and repeatability on images acquired of cadaveric shoulders and of patients with rotator cuff tears. The last part of the work presented here consists in applying the developed method to 30 subjects (25 patients and 5 asymptomatic subjects) for whom rotator cuff condition and shoulder function were assessed, and to study correlations between GH translations and shoulder function
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Garba, Idris. "Computer tomography dose index for head CT in northern Nigeria." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1551.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of
Technology: Diagnostic Radiography, Department of Nursing and Radiography
in the Faculty of Health Wellness Sciences at Cape Peninsula University of
Technology
2014Aim: The aim of this study was to record the values of CTDIw and DLP displayed on the Computed Tomography (CT) scanner monitors of patients undergoing CT examinations of the head as Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) for dose optimisation in Northern Nigeria. Background: A brain CT scan is the most common CT examination performed, and this modality is recognized as delivering a high dose. CT, therefore, contributes significantly to the total collective effective dose to the population. Elimination of unnecessary or unproductive radiation exposure is necessary. To achieve this, practitioners must adhere to the principles of the justification of practices, and optimisation of radiation protection. Furthermore, the development of DRLs for the local context is advised. These reference doses are a guide to the expected exposure dose from a procedure and are useful as an investigation tool to identify incidences where patient doses are unusually high. Methodology: The study was conducted in three radiology departments with CT centres in Northern Nigeria. Data was collected, using a purposive sampling technique, from 60 consenting adult participants (weighing 70 ±3 kg) that had brain CT scans on seventh generations 4&16-slice GE and 16-slice Philips CT scanners. Prior to commencement of the study the CT scanners were certified by the medical physicists. For each brain scan, patient information, exposure factors, weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIw), volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) values were recorded. The data were analysed using SPSS version (16) statistical software. The mean, standard deviation and third quartile values of the CTDIw and DLP were calculated. An inter-comparison of the measured doses from the three research sites was conducted. A combined dose for the three centres was calculated, and compared with the reported data from the international communities where there are established DRLs. Results: The mean CTDIw and DLP values were: centre A (88 mGy and 713 mGy.cm), centre B (68 mGy and 1098 mGy.cm), and centre C (70 mGy and 59 mGy.cm). Comparison of CTDIw and DLP for the scanners of the same manufacturers showed statistically significant differences (p=0.003) and (p=0.03) respectively. In the case of the scanners of a different model but the same number of slices, the comparison of DLP was statistically significant (p=0.005) while no significant difference was noted in the measured CTDIw. Third quartile values of the cumulative doses of CTDIw and DLP, for Northern Nigeria were determined as 77 mGy and 985 mGy.cm respectively. Conclusion: The study has established Local DRLs (LDRLs) which are significantly higher than most of the reported data in the literature. Also dose variation between centres was noted. Optimization is thus recommended. Keywords: Head Imaging, Radiation Dose, Dose optimization, Computed Tomography, Local Diagnostic Reference Levels, Radiation Protection
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Berner, Dagmar. "Der Einfluss der Kopf-Hals-Haltung auf die röntgenologische Darstellung der Hals- und Brustwirbelsäule des Pferdes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-114412.
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Pathologische Veränderungen der Wirbelsäule können zur Verkleinerung der Foramina intervertebralia der Halswirbelsäule sowie zur Verkürzung der Abstände zwischen den Dornfortsätzen der Brustwirbelsäule führen. Eine Veränderung der Kopf-Hals-Haltung kann ebenfalls die Dimension der Foramina intervertebralia sowie die Abstände zwischen den Dornfortsätzen beeinflussen. Die Bestimmung des Einflusses der Kopf-Hals-Haltung auf die genannten Parameter bei der radiologischen Darstellung der Wirbelsäule war deshalb das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit. In drei unterschiedlichen Kopf-Hals-Haltungen wurde die Halswirbelsäule von 25 klinisch unauffälligen Pferden im laterolateralen Strahlengang dargestellt. Laterolaterale Röntgenaufnahmen der Brustwirbelsäule von 23 Pferden ohne klinische Anzeichen einer Erkrankung der Wirbelsäule wurden ebenfalls in drei verschiedenen Kopf-Hals-Haltungen angefertigt. Die Auswertung dieser Aufnahmen erfolgte mit Hilfe von neu entwickelten Messmethoden, die eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit aufwiesen. Auf den Aufnahmen der Halswirbelsäule wurde die Länge der Wirbelkörper und die Dimension der Foramina intervertebralia bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurden die Winkel zwischen angrenzenden Halswirbeln ermittelt. Der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Dornfortsätzen sowie die Breite der Dornfortsätze wurden für die Auswertung der Aufnahmen der Brustwirbelsäule gemessen. Für eine exaktere Auswertung der Aufnahmen der Brustwirbelsäule wurde ein spezieller Bildfilter entwickelt, der durch eine bessere Detailerkennbarkeit zu einer genaueren Messung der Streckung führte. Sowohl für die Breite der Dornfortsätze als auch für die Länge der Wirbelkörper der Halswirbel konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Röntgenaufnahmen in den verschiedenen Kopf-Hals-Haltungen gefunden werden. Beide Strecken dienten zur Überprüfung des Versuchsaufbaus, um andere Ursachen für eine unterschiedliche Größe der Messstrecken auszuschließen. Die Foramina intervertebralia waren bei tiefer Kopf-Hals-Haltung signifikant größer als bei den anderen beiden Kopf-Hals-Haltungen (p < 0,05). Zwischen hoher und physiologischer Kopf-Hals-Haltung stellten sich nur die Foramina intervertebralia zwischen sechstem und siebten Halswirbel unterschiedlich groß dar (p < 0,05). Die Abstände zwischen angrenzenden Brustwirbeln waren vom achten bis zum vierzehnten Dornfortsatz in tiefer Kopf-Hals-Haltung größer als in den beiden anderen Kopf-Hals-Haltungen (p < 0,05). Diese Abstände nahmen insgesamt von kranial nach kaudal ab (p < 0,05) ab. Der zwölfte Dornfortsatz diente dabei zur Identifizierung der anderen, da er sich signifikant von den schmaleren kranialen und den breiteren kaudalen Dornfortsätzen unterschied (p < 0,01). Die Kopf-Hals-Haltung während der radiologischen Untersuchung beeinflusst sowohl die Dimension der Foramina intervertebralia als auch den Abstand zwischen den Dornfortsätzen. Deshalb sollte diese bei der Auswertung radiologischer Aufnahmen immer berücksichtigt werden. Die Foramina intervertebralia stellten sich bei tiefer Kopf-Hals-Haltung am größten dar und können somit in dieser am besten beurteilt werden, jedoch kommt es zu einer Veränderung der Anordnung der Wirbel, so dass diese nur noch eingeschränkt beurteilt werden können. Eine tiefe Kopf-Hals-Haltung führt zur Vergrößerung der Abstände zwischen den Dornfortsätzen und kann somit die Beurteilung von Röntgenaufnahmen der Brustwirbelsäule, gerade im Rahmen einer Kaufuntersuchung, beeinflussen. Die Kopf-Hals-Haltung bei der Anfertigung von Röntgenaufnahmen der Wirbelsäule sollte standardisiert werden, um durch verbesserte Vergleichbarkeit Manipulationen und Fehlinterpretationen einzuschränkenPathological changes of the spine can lead to reduction of the intervertebral foramina dimensions in the cervical spine and to shortening of the distances between the spinous processes in the thoracic spine. However, alteration of the head and neck position influences the dimensions of the intervertebral foramina as well as the distances between the spinous processes. Determining the influence of the head and neck position on these parameters during radiological examination of the equine spine was the aim of this study. In three different head and neck positions lateral-lateral views of the cervical spine in 25 clinically sound horses were radiographically obtained. Lateral-lateral radiographs of the thoracic spine from 23 horses lacking clinical signs of spine diseases were taken in three different head and neck positions. Evaluation of the radiographs was carried out with newly developed measurement techniques providing high reproducibility. On the radiographs of the cervical spine the length of the vertebral bodies and the dimension of the intervertebral foramina were measured. Additionally, the angles between adjacent cervical vertebrae were determined. The distances between adjacent spinous processes and the width of the spinous processes were measured for evaluating the radiographs of the thoracic spines. For a more accurate evaluation of the thoracic spine radiographs a purpose-built image filter was developed, which provided more accurate measurement of the distances through better detail recognition. No significant differences were found for the width of the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae and the length of vertebral bodies of the cervical vertebrae between the radiographs taken in the three different head and neck positions. Both these distances were used to verify the experimental set-up to rule out other causes for differences in the measured distances. The intervertebral foramina were significantly wider in the low head and neck position than in the other two head and neck positions (p < 0.05). Between the high and the free head and neck position only the intervertebral foramina of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae showed different dimensions (p< 0.05). The distances between the adjacent thoracic vertebrae from the eighth to the fourteenth spinous processes were wider in the low head and neck position compared to the other two head and neck positions (p < 0.05). Altogether, these distances decreased from cranial to caudal (p < 0.05). The twelfth spinous process served for numerical identification of the other spinous processes due to its significant difference in width to the narrower cranial and broader caudal spinous processes (p < 0.05). The head and neck position during radiographic examination influences the dimensions of the intervertebral foramina as well as the distances between the spinous processes. Therefore, it should always be considered when evaluating radiographs. In the low head and neck position the intervertebral foramina turned out to be the widest and could be best assessed. However, this resulted in changes to the alignment of the vertebrae and therefore a limited assessment. A low head and neck position leads to an increase in the distances between the spinous processes and could influence the evaluation of radiographs especially if these are taken as part of a pre-purchase examination. During the radiographic examination of the spine the head and neck position should be standardised in order to reduce manipulation and misinterpretation through better comparability of such radiographs
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Lucena, Markman Renata 1990. "Avaliação da prevalência de ateromas calcificados da carótida em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287845.
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Orientador: Marcio Ajudarte LopesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Estudos sugerem que o tratamento radioterápico em região de cabeça e pescoço possa ser considerado um importante fator desencadeador da formação de calcificações em carótida. No entanto, evidências científicas para tal comprovação são limitadas. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar através de radiografias panorâmicas a prevalência de ateromas calcificados da carótida numa população com câncer de cabeça e pescoço antes e depois de serem submetidos à radioterapia e correlacionar com os aspectos sócio-demográficos e comorbidades destes pacientes. Foram selecionados, de forma retrospectiva, 180 pacientes tratados por radioterapia que tinham radiografias panorâmicas realizadas antes e após o término deste tratamento. Os dados clínicos foram coletados dos prontuários médicos. A análise das radiografias panorâmicas mostrou que 35% dos pacientes apresentaram ateromas calcificados da carótida. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na prevalência de ateromas antes e após a radioterapia. Com relação aos achados clínicos, houve maior prevalência de acidentes vasculares cerebrais em pacientes com ateromas quando comparados aos pacientes que não apresentaram ateromas (p<0,05). Não foram observadas outras diferenças significativas com relação à idade, gênero, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, infarto agudo do miocárdio, localização do tumor e dose de radiação recebida. Sendo assim, podemos concluir que apesar da radioterapia não ter modificado a prevalência de ateromas calcificados da carótida nesta população estudada, esta alteração é frequentemente encontrada em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Portanto, é importante que os cirurgiões-dentistas fiquem atentos quanto à presença de ateromas em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço
Abstract: Studies suggest that radiotherapy to the head and neck may be an important triggering factor for calcified carotid artery atheromas. However, scientific evidences to prove this matter are limited. Therefore, this essay aimed to identify the prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas observed by panoramic radiograph in a head and neck cancer population before and after radiotherapy and to correlate them with the sociodemographic features and comorbidities of these patients. For this research, 180 patients submitted to radiotherapy that had panoramic radiographs before and after this treatment, were selected retrospectively. Clinical data from these patients were collected from their medical records. The panoramic radiographs were examined and 35% of the patients demonstrated calcified carotid artery atheromas. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of atheromas before and after radiotherapy. According to clinical data, there was a greater prevalence of strokes in patients with calcified carotid artery atheromas when compared to patients who did not have atheromas (p<0.05). Differences related to age, gender, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarctation, tumor location and radiotherapy dose were not observed. Thus, we can conclude that although radiotherapy did not alter the prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas in the studied population, this alteration is commonly found in head and neck cancer patients. Therefore, it is important that dentists be aware to the presence of calcified carotid artery atheromas in panoramic radiographs of head and neck cancer patients
Mestrado
Estomatopatologia
Mestra em Estomatopatologia
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Miguel, Omar Ferreira. "Avaliação radiográfica comparativa de quadris dolorosos e sem dor em indivíduos adultos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-04112010-151612/.
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O objetivo do estudo foi correlacionar a presença de alterações radiográficas em quadris de pacientes portadores de dor no quadril a um grupo de pacientes sem dor no quadril. Foram avaliados 122 pacientes com dor no quadril, e 100 pacientes sem dor no quadril. Todos com idade entre 20 e 50 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exames radiográficos, nas incidências AP de pelve ortostático, falso perfil de Lequesne, Dunn, Dunn 45° e Ducroquet. Os parâmetros avaliados foram inclinação e versão acetabular, ângulo CE de Wiberg, espaço articular superolateral, ângulo , ângulo de Lequesne, ângulo VCA, diferença entre o raio da cabeça e do colo femorais (off set), esfericidade da cabeça femoral e a presença de ressalto na transição da cabeça com o colo femoral. Concluiu-se que as melhores incidências para o diagnóstico de impacto femoroacetabular são AP de pelve ortostático, Dunn 45° e Ducroquet, e que as seguintes alterações estão correlacionadas com dor nos quadris: off set diminuído, ângulo aumentado, ângulo de Lequesne aumentado, ângulo CE de Wiberg diminuído, espaço articular diminuído e presença de ressalto na transição cabeça-colo femoralThis study aimed to compare two groups of patients, with and with out hip pain, and correlate them with the existence of radiograph alterations. Weve studied 122 patients with hip pain and 100 asymptomatic; the ages were between 20 to 50 years old in both groups. All patients were roentnographicaly studied in anteroposterior pelvis in orthostatic position, Lequesne false profile, Dunns, Dunns 45° and Ducroquets view. The radiograph parameters analized were the acetabular inclination and vertion, Wiberg CE angle, Lequesne VCA angle, Lequesnes antevertion angle (), angle, superior and lateral joint space, femoral off set, nonspherical of the femoral head and the presence of a bump on the head-neck transition. We conclude that the best incidences to diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement are AP pelvis orthostatic, Dunn 45° and Ducroquet. The following alterations are correlate with hip pain: lower off set, higher angle, higher Lequesne angle, lower CE angle of Wiberg, lower articular space and bump in the femoral head-neck transition
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Harrison, David A. "Head Positioning And Its Relation To Radiographic Cephalometric Projection Errors." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5053.
Full textBooks on the topic "Head Radiography"
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K, Mukherji Suresh, Castelijns Jonas A, and Biswal B, eds. Modern head and neck imaging. Berlin: Springer, 2000.
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1945-, Mödder Ulrich, ed. Head and neck imaging. Stuttgart: Thieme, 2008.
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Alexander, Jacobson, ed. Radiographic cephalometry: From basics to videoimaging. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co., 1995.
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K, Mukherji Suresh, Castelijns Jonas A, and Biswal B, eds. Modern head and neck imaging. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
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1926-, Hanafee William N., ed. Head and neck radiology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.
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1935-, Gonzalez Carlos F., Grossman Charles B. 1938-, and Masdeu Joseph C, eds. Head and spine imaging. New York: Wiley, 1985.
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Harnsberger, H. Ric. Head and neck imaging. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1990.
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M, Som Peter, and Bergeron R. Thomas 1931-, eds. Head and neck imaging. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1991.
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Vogl, Thomas J. MRI of the head and neck: Functional anatomy--clinical findings--pathology--imaging. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
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M, Yousem David, ed. Head & neck imaging: Case review. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Head Radiography"
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Pettersson, Holger, and Hans Ringertz. "PH3 Acetabular coverage of the femoral head/age [radiography]." In Measurements in Pediatric Radiology, 46–47. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1844-2_22.
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Pettersson, Holger, and Hans Ringertz. "PH6 Appearance and size of femoral head/age [radiography]." In Measurements in Pediatric Radiology, 54–55. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1844-2_25.
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Tamaki, M., K. Ohkubo, Y. Ikeda, and G. Matsumoto. "Analysis of Two Phase Counter Flow in Heat Pipe By Neutron Radiography." In Neutron Radiography, 609–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3871-7_75.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Technologies, Care and Repatriations: 1926–1966." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 345–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_13.
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AbstractUntil 1950, there was no effective chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Treatment consisted of an enhanced diet, isolation, and skilled nursing—methods which were expensive and not greatly effective. The centrepiece of the mines’ management of tuberculosis was repatriation of sick miners, without notification of local authorities, isolation of those with infective disease, or education of those around them on how to avoid infection. This approach enhanced the mines’ profitability but confounded every principle of public health. In the 1950s, the development of mass miniature radiography and the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis radically changed the available technologies of care. In discussing international standards of compensation for occupational lung disease, ILO held that the worker’s history of dust exposure, a clinical examination and radiographic findings had to be considered. The Chamber of Mines used mass miniature radiography for a different purpose: those with dusted lungs were identified at entry medicals and then repatriated without compensation. Where chemotherapy was provided to sick miners, the treatment rarely lasted more than a month; as a result, most patients developed drug resistant tuberculosis. Today, South Africa and its labour-sending regions have one of the world’s highest rates of multi-drug-resistant TB.
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Loh, John P. "Upper Digestive Tract Radiographic Imaging." In Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 2952–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23499-6_508.
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Gorsi, Ujjwal, and Chirag Kamal Ahuja. "Basics of CT Scan Head and Trauma Radiographs." In Acute Trauma Care in Developing Countries, 152–58. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003291619-32.
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Bahk, Yong-Whee. "Dual-Head Pinhole Scan, Pinhole SPECT, and Gamma Correction Scan." In Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases, 13–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2759-8_2.
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Bahk, Yong-Whee. "Dual-Head Planar Pinhole Scintigraphy and Pinhole SPECT of Bone." In Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases, 14–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25144-3_2.
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Nové-Josserand, L., and M. Basso. "Atraumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Humeral Head: Clinical and Radiographic Classification." In Shoulder Arthroplasty, 243–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58365-0_26.
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Tsai, Chen-Han, and Yu-Shao Peng. "Multi-task Lung Nodule Detection in Chest Radiographs with a Dual Head Network." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 707–17. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16431-6_67.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Head Radiography"
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Saha, Santanu. "Application of Ultrasonic Phased Array Technique for a Boiler Drum Meeting the Requirements of ASME Sec I." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65963.
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Automated or semi-automated ultrasonic examination techniques particularly Time of Flight Diffraction (ToFD) and Phased Arrays (PA) are increasingly being used to replace conventional radiography of various categories of welds in pressure vessels. This is a most important issue when the vessel thickness is quite high with respect to the penetration range of common Ir-192 Radiation source. Although there are high energy alternatives like high energy X ray generators typically Betatrons and Co-60 Radiation source, but use of such high energy pose the high risk of radiation exposures and legal constraints. Moreover, Radiography of a big diameter and very high thick vessel requires considerably long exposure time and results in huge production loss and reshoots in radiographs may make this condition worse. Since ASME BPV Code now approves use of ToFD and Phased Arrays as automated or semi-automated Ultrasonic examination either as a mandatory requirement, alternatively or in lieu of Radiography, applications of these techniques have become quite common in the pressure vessel industry. In this paper we have tried to explain such use of Phased Array technique and its pros and cons while examining a boiler drum welds of 155mm thick shell and 75mm head. This vessel was supposed to be examined by Co-60 Radiography, but since use of such high energy source is prohibited without adequate protective measures, we had no other choice of using Phased Array as an alternative to Radiography. The requirements of ASME Sec I (Power Boilers) and ASME Sec V article 4 Mandatory Appendix VII and how to meet those requirements has been discussed here.
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Golde, Jonas, Joseph Morgenstern, Peng Liu, Steffen Ossmann, Lars Kirsten, Svea Steuer, Stefanie Speidel, Edmund Koch, Sebastian Bodenstedt, and Marcus Neudert. "Data-informed imaging: how radiography and shape models support endoscopic OCT imaging of the middle ear." In Imaging, Therapeutics, and Advanced Technology in Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology 2023, edited by Brian J. F. Wong and Justus F. Ilgner. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2650730.
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Avianty, Ditha Nurcahya, I. Gede Pasek Suta Wijaya, Fitri Bimantoro, Rina Lestari, and Triana Dyah Cahyawati. "COVID-19 Prediction Based on DWT and Moment Invariant Features of Radiography Image Using the Artificial Neural Network Classifier." In 2nd Global Health and Innovation in conjunction with 6th ORL Head and Neck Oncology Conference (ORLHN 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220206.030.
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Simpson, R. A., G. J. Williams, G. G. Scott, D. A. Mariscal, and T. Ma. "Development of a proton radiography source using the world’s most energetic short pulse laser at the National Ignition Facility." In Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2023.htu3d.2.
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Proton radiography is an innovative approach in high-energy-density (HED) science to measure and diagnose density variations as well as magnetic and electric fields in plasmas. This work details the development of a proton radiography platform on the National Ignition Facility using the Advanced Radiographic Capability laser (NIF-ARC).
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"Visualization and Measurement of Boiling Flow Behaviors in Parallel Mini-channel Heat Exchanger by Neutron Radiography." In Neutron Radiography. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-43.
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Toomey, Daniel E., Matthew J. Mason, Warren N. Hardy, King H. Yang, James M. Kopacz, and Chris Van Ee. "Exploring the Role of Lateral Bending Postures and Asymmetric Loading on Cervical Spine Compression Responses." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12911.
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In an effort to expand the understanding of head and neck injury dynamics in rollover type crashes, this investigation explores the influence of lateral bending postures and asymmetric compressive loads on the head and cervical spine. Drop testing of five male cadaver head-neck complexes was conducted with either an initial lateral bending posture onto a horizontal impact surface or with an initial neutral posture onto an obliquely oriented surface resulting in lateral bending. Five specimens were dropped from 0.45 and 0.53 m, with resulting impact speeds ranging from 2.9 to 3.25 m/s. Radiography of the specimens was performed pre- and post-testing to document any fractures. Three of the five specimens sustained compressive cervical vertebral fractures at lower neck loads ranging between 1518 N and 3472 N. Fracture patterns did suggest that the asymmetric postures and loading resulted in asymmetric fracture patterns. Overall compressive neck injury dynamics and tolerances appear similar to previous studies of purely sagittal plane dynamics based on these initial results. This study lays a foundation for quantifying the non-sagittal plane compressive response and tolerance of the cervical spine.
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Serranheira, Florentino, Kelly Fernandes, and Cláudia Sá Dos Reis. "Activity simulation in Radiology: Chest X-Ray in bed-ridden patients." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002623.
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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) symptoms are frequent in healthcare workers. In Radiology Departments, demanding postures assumed by radiographers frequently occurred. Chest plain radiography to bed-ridden patients is one of the most demanding ones. To evaluate postural strain in radiographers’, professional activity was simulated during bedside chest plain radiography performance.Bed-ridden chest X-ray examinations are generally performed by two radiographers. The simulations scenarios were recorded using photogrammetry methods, assessing postural variations of the main body segments (head/neck, upper arm, and trunk) (Kapitaniak et al. method, 2001). The main body angles of observed body segments were measured with dedicated software (Kinovea, version 0.8.15). The postures were classified into three categories according to European Standards (EN 1005-4:2005 + A1:2008): “acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”, and “not acceptable” (British Standard, 2018).Results show demanding postures assumed by radiographers occurred during the X-ray tube manipulation requiring arm flexion, being more evident for radiographers that were shorter. Regarding patient handling, upper arm flexion was “not acceptable” when holding and pushing the patient by the shoulders. This arm posture may increase the risk of injuries especially since it is associated with high exertion of force and is repeated during the examination. In contrast, by supporting patients by scapula passing under the axilla, the constraint in the upper arm was reduced and the trunk flexion, even a bit more important, remain “acceptable”. This observation indicates that the need to train radiographers in manual patient handling. Unacceptable neck extensions can also be observed in the medium and smallest radiographers while handling the patient to probably have an overview (Cernean et al., 2017; Giger et al., 2008) and/or maintain a certain physical distance from the patient.Since bedside chest radiography is one of the most performed examinations requiring repeated movements and awkward posture, particular attention should be paid to biomechanical load. One strategy to reduce this physical constraint is the collaboration of both radiographers to lift the patient. Another one is changing the bedside radiography procedure, for instance raising the upper side of the bed to 45º, which will reduce the main risk factors doing the X-ray.Most of the radiographers self-associated conventional radiography practice with low back complaints, which is in line with previous studies in X-ray radiographers (Lorusso et al., 2007). This result was not surprising, even though the trunk posture was never classified as “not acceptable”, because the repetitive truck flexion with exertion of force to lift the patient may increase the risk of WRMSDs symptoms. Further research is needed to identify the demanding tasks responsible for symptoms.There is a lack of literature on the impact of anthropometric characteristics of radiographers performing X-rays, but mammography related studies showed that not adjustable radiological equipment to anthropometrics characteristics, is a physical risk factor, requiring radiographers to assume awkward postures possibly leading to WRMSDs symptoms (Cernean et al., 2017; Costa et al., 2014a). We dare to say there is a need to improve communication between users, equipment manufacturers, and designers to fit the needs of a wider range of radiographers' anthropometrics characteristics.
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Bando, Yamato, Akifumi Yamaji, and Takuya Yamashita. "MPS Method Simulation for Estimating Fuel Debris Distributions Under the Damaged Reactor Pressure Vessel of 1F Unit-2." In ASME 2023 International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2023-112652.
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Abstract The internal investigations of TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) Unit 2 indicate multiple breaches in the lower head of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV), which led to discharges of molten core materials. In addition, a large enough breach(es) is expected near the vessel periphery, which allowed relocation of a fuel assembly upper tie plate to the pedestal floor. However, the muon radiography indicates that massive fuel debris are still retained within the RPV lower head. This study aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of such observations by considering interactions of the fuel debris with the thermal insulation plates below the RPV lower head at the time of the accident. The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method has been developed and pieces of the debris were modeled by rigid bodies to analyze thermal behavior of the fuel debris and their interactions with the insulation plate. The results showed that whether the insulation plate failed or not depended on the initial enthalpy and temperature distribution of the relocated fuel debris on the plate. The results implied that thermal load on the plate was greater below the outer region of the vessel than the central region, because there was larger space between the plate and the vessel for the debris to pileup.
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Kovačić, Borut, Lennart Andrej Zore, and Klemen Stražar. "Femoroacetabular Impingement." In Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.i8.
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Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an anatomical hip condition caused by malformations on femoral head and acetabular rim resulting in abnormal contact across the joint. FAI can cause the labral, cartilaginous, and tissue damage that leads to early osteoarthritis. FAI can be divided into three groups: cam (bump on femoral head- neck junction), pincer (acetabular over coverage), or mixed (most common) by the characteristic morphological changes of the bony structures. The exact ethology of FAI is still unclear, mostly considered as idiopathic. Cam lesions demonstrate a near 3:1 male predominance and are more often seen in the younger population. Pincer is typically seen in middle-aged women. A plain radiography of the pelvis and hips is considered as the primary imaging modality for diagnosing FAI, which can be used to quantify the severity. MRI and direct MRI arthrography allow assessment of concomitant labral and chondral injuries. Conservative treatment is typically considered first-line treatment for mild to moderate FAI syndrome, but usually not to successful. However, the outcomes following postoperative surgical intervention have demonstrated excellent results. The most common surgical treatment option for FAI is done arthroscopically, other procedures such as a reverse periacetabular osteotomy or surgical dislocation of the hip are rarely indicated. Keywords: Femoroacetabular impingement; cam, pincer; hip arthroscopy
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Li, Zheng Yuan, Sungsoo Ryo, Hyuk Jin Lee, and Ja Choon Koo. "A Real Time Cost Effective Geometry Calibration Method for Isocenter Tracking of a Rotating Gantry Using Optical Vision Sensors." In ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2016-9559.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a real time and cost effective deformation sensor system is proposed to verify isocenter sphere of a dual-head radiation imaging device within its driving range. For the effectiveness in sensing, installation point was decided according to the finite element deformation analysis of the device model. The proposed sensor was implemented to the device, and then the result was evaluated by comparison with an optical tracker position data. In this method, attachable optical system were designed and implemented to the dedicated radiography system. From the attachment test relative deformation data of two orthogonal X-Ray tube and detector sets were obtained simultaneously by two image sensors attached on each of them. Laser spot orbits were obtained as a result, and were compared with optical tracker data results for verification. The proposed method significantly reduces costs and time spent for calibration process while satisfying micro scale precision requirements and it is applicable to other rotation mechanical system. Comprising devices costs much less than the manufacturing or purchasing a dedicated geometry phantoms, because this method only requires a low powered spot laser and a CMOS Camera plus additional optical devices.
Reports on the topic "Head Radiography"
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Maddox, B., R. Tommasini, B. Remington, M. Key, and R. Town. Devloping High Energy Radiography for HED Experiments on NIF and Omega-EP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926064.
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Sain, J., P. Young, and S. MacLaren. Xradia Micro XCT Radiographic Metrology of NIF HED Radiation Transport Ta2O5 Foam Targets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967286.
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Swankie, Martin, and Andrews. L51641 Evaluate NDT Methods for Welds in Service. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010626.
Full textAbstract:
The inspection of welds made onto in-service pipelines, which are made primarily for attaching branch connections and repair sleeves, has been the subject of much concern in recent years. The difficulties associated with the inspection of these welds have long been recognized and, historically, the amount of inspection given to such welds has been small. The inspection of welds joining various appurtenances to pipelines is hampered for a number of reasons. The joint geometries can vary considerably, but none of them are particularly suited to detailed inspection. Surface techniques, such as magnetic particle and liquid-penetrant testing, rely on the flaws being at or near the surface, and this is not necessarily the case with the welds of concern. Radiography is difficult since it is not possible to place a radiation source within the pipeline. Ultrasonic inspection is, therefore, the only option if a full volumetric inspection is required. This is made difficult by the inherent complex geometries, and limited access to many of the welds. Welding on pipelines containing flowing, pressurized products results in very rapid cooling of the weld metal and heat-affected-zone regions, significantly increasing the risk of cracking. The use of high hydrogen consumables (specifically EXX10 SMAW electrodes) adds considerably to the risk The probability of discontinuities forming during welding on in-service pipelines is therefore considerably greater than for pipelines that do not contain flowing products. The goal of the present work was to evaluate existing techniques, and to develop and verify improved methodsfor inspection of such welds. In the first phase of this program, welded assemblies that contain realistic examples of discontinuities that occur in practice were produced In the second phase, the reliability of existing nondestructive testing methods were evaluated along with the reliability of novel nondestructive testing systems. The overall objectives of these first two phases were to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of nondestructive testing methods currently applied to welds made onto in-service pipelines, and to assess the improvement possible with methods that are more advanced, but so far have had limited application to these welds. The objective for the Phase III continuation of this project is to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of nondestructive testing methods using procedures that are optimized based on the knowledge acquired in the first two phases.