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Journal articles on the topic 'Head and neck tumour'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

GAZE, M. N., and JANET A. WILSON. "REVIEW Head and neck tumour immunology." Clinical Otolaryngology 13, no. 6 (December 1988): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1988.tb00324.x.

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2

Silva, Andreia, Patrícia Caixeirinho, Miguel Vilares, Carina Semedo, Mariluz Martins, Carlos Zagalo, and Diogo Casal. "Retrospective Study of 114 Free Flaps for Head and Neck Oncological Reconstruction in a Portuguese Tertiary Cancer Center." Acta Médica Portuguesa 35, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.13734.

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Introduction: The Portuguese experience in microsurgical reconstruction of the head and neck after oncological surgery is scantly described. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the use of microvascular reconstruction after head and neck tumor resection in a Portuguese tertiary oncological centerMaterial and Methods: The authors retrospectively evaluated 114 microvascular free flap procedures performed for head and neck reconstruction after oncological resection in a department of Head and Neck Surgery of a Portuguese tertiary oncological center. Patients were operated on from January 2012 to May 2018. Data on patient demographic features, tumour characteristics, perioperative complications, postoperative aesthetic and functional results, survival time and time to recurrence were extracted.Results: Most tumours mandating microsurgical reconstruction were mucosal squamous cell carcinomas (85%) and were located in the oral region (95.6%). Around 45% of the patients had a T4a tumour and 30% a T2 tumour. Cervical metastases were present in 45.6% of the cases. The radial forearm flap and the fibular flap were the most commonly used microsurgical reconstructive options (58% and 41%, respectively). More than 80% of patients had no post-operative complications. Partial necrosis of the flap occurred in 6.1% of patients, while total flap necrosis occurred in 3.5% of cases. Aesthetic and functional results were considered at least satisfactory in all patients in which the flaps survived.Conclusion: Microvascular reconstruction seems like a reliable treatment option in head and neck oncological surgery at our institution.
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3

Aremu, Shuaib K., Kayode Rasaq Adewoye, and Tayo Ibrahim. "Immunotherapy for head and neck cancers." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20194465.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequent tumour which arises from various anatomical areas in the head and neck region. HNSCC has multiple resistance mechanisms through which it evades the immune responses. It is particularly characterized by an immunosuppressive environment which includes the release of immunosuppressive factors, expansion, and expansion of immune cells which have inhibitory activity reduction of tumour immunogenicity. Human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) HNSCC tumours have one of the higher levels of T cells infiltration. Studies which explore this relationship to the prognosis of patients vary, with some showing benefit only with high CD8/Treg ratio as seen with HPV+ diseaseand others showing improved prognosis with a higher number of TIL Treg. High CD8+ TIL seen in HPV + disease has been shown in several studies to confer improved disease-free survival. The most successful vaccination strategy is preventive vaccination for HPV. Investigations using different approaches have been carried out on therapeutic vaccines for HPV-associated HNSCC. Despite immune responses being seen in a number of studies, these vaccines are still not effective for clinical use as of yet.
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4

Baharudin, A., A. Khairuddin, A. Nizam, and A. R. Samsuddin. "Evaluation of irradiated salivary gland function in patients with head and neck tumours treated with radiotherapy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108002466.

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AbstractIntroduction:Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for head and neck tumours. One of its major drawbacks is post-treatment salivary gland hypofunction. This study was performed to objectively evaluate the salivary gland function in post-irradiated head and neck tumour patients.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study of 30 patients with head and neck tumours who had received radiotherapy. Unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rates were assessed in these 30 patients, and compared with those of 30 normal subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva was measured by the draining method, while the spitting method was used to collect stimulated whole saliva.Results:Both unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rates were significantly reduced in the irradiated patients, compared with the normal subjects. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).Conclusion:Salivary function in post-irradiated head and neck tumour patients (assessed as salivary flow rates) was significantly reduced compared with normal controls, suggesting marked salivary gland hypofunction.
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5

Ślaska, Brygida, Magdalena Surdyka, Adam Brodzki, Sylwia Nisztuk, Artur Gurgul, Monika Bugno-Poniewierska, Anna Śmiech, Dorota Różańska, and Maciej Orzelski. "Mitochondrial D-loop mutations can be detected in sporadic malignant tumours in dogs." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2014-0096.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to identify mutations in the D-loop region of mtDNA in head, neck, and limb tumours in dogs, and determination of their relationship with the process of neoplastic transformation. Blood and tumour tissue samples from 19 dogs with diagnosed sporadic malignant tumours were analysed. DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the mtDNA D-loop, and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Five mutations and 19 polymorphisms were observed in 68.42% of all tumours. Polymorphic variants were noted in 42.86% of the head and neck tumours and in 58.33% of the limb tumours. Mutations were observed in 21.05% of dogs. The mutations were found in 28.57% of the head and neck tumours and in 16.66% of the limb tumours. The mutations were identified in 50% of the studied epithelial cancers. In the mesenchymal tumours, no mutations in the D-loop region were observed. Mitochondrial haplotype A17 was found in over 40% cases of limb tumours. No association between the age, breed, sex, type of tumour, and detected polymorphic variants were observed. Different mutational changes in the D-loop sequences of mtDNA identified in the blood and tumour tissues may indicate a relationship between the type of tumour and individual changes in the D-loop nucleotide sequences of mtDNA.
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6

Eldabe, S. S., and D. M. Ryall. "Anaesthesia for head and neck tumour surgery." Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 7, no. 1 (February 1996): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7112(96)80025-1.

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7

van der Laan, B. F. A. M., G. BARIS, R. Th Gregor, F. J. M. Hilgers, and A. J. M. Balm. "Radiation-induced tumours of the head and neck." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, no. 4 (April 1995): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100130117.

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AbstractIn order to study the induction of malignancy in normal tissues due to ionizing radiation, we reviewed the files of 2500 patients with a tumour of the head and neck treated at the Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis), Amsterdam, from 1977 to 1993. We then checked whether or not these patients had been previously irradiated. Patients with a thyroid carcinoma or skin cancer were excluded from the study, since it is generally known that previous irradiation is a risk factor in these tumours. Eighteen patients were found to have a malignancy within a previously irradiated area (0.70 per cent). The mean interval between radiation and diagnosis of the head and neck tumour was 36.5 years. There were five soft tissue sarcomas, nine squamous cell carcinomas and four salivary gland tumours. Fourteen patients were operated upon whereas four received palliative treatment only. The median survival of the total group was 3.5 years. Particularly. in young patients because of the better cancer therapy and prolonged survival one must be aware of the increased risk of radiation-induced tumours.
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8

Sim, Sing Yang, and Ma’en Al-Mrayat. "Thyroid Paraganglioma- An Unusual Head and Neck Tumour." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1966.

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Abstract Paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumour originating from the neural crest-derived paraganglia with majority arising from the head and neck. (1)Thyroid paraganglioma are exceedingly rare neuroendocrine tumours accounting for <0.1% of thyroid malignancy (1) We present a 57 years old gentleman who was referred to ENT surgeon following discovery of a two month history of lump on his left neckIt has not changed in size and not caused any symptoms such as anxiety, sweats, palpitations, dizziness or unexplained headaches. He has a Past medical history of epilepsy following a Road traffic accident 28 years ago leaving him seizure prone. He has no family history of neuroendocrine tumours His ultrasound scan of his thyroid gland showed a 25 x 23 x 15mm lesion lying anteriorly within the left thyroid lobe. There are two highly reflective foci which could represent microcalcification. It was classified as U5 lesion He proceeded with fine needle aspiration which confirmed carcinoma of the left thyroid gland with no clear differentiation between follicular or papillary carcinoma. He undergone a total thyroidectomy and left central level VI lymph node dissection His histology confirmed a thyroid paraganglioma staining strongly positive for neuroendocrine markers (Synaptophysin and chromogranin) while S-100 shows positivity in the sustentacular cells. He was referred for genetic testing which demonstrate no evidence of mutation in FH, SDHAF2, SDHB/C/D, RET, MAX, TMEM127 and VHL gene. He was commenced on levothyroxine replacement at a dose of 150micrograms OD. His urine metanephrines is 178.1pmol/L (0-510), urine normetanephrines 192.9pmol/L (0-1180) and 3-methoxytyramine <75pmol/ L (0-180) (all normal). His MRI neck revealed no synchronous tumour. He continues to be followed up under our endocrine clinic. Conclusion: Due to the rarity of these tumours, their natural history is mostly unknown. Nevertheless, postoperative surveillance should include plasma or urinary metanephrines and ultrasonography. References: 1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3824793/
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9

Gustafsson, H., A. Kale, A. Dasu, A. Lund, P. H. Edqvist, and K. Roberg. "EPR Oximetry of Cetuximab-Treated Head-and-Neck Tumours in a Mouse Model." Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 75, no. 3-4 (July 29, 2017): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12013-017-0814-5.

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Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumours are associated with high mortality despite advances in therapy. The monoclonal antibody cetuximab (Erbitux®) has been approved for the treatment of advanced HNSCC. However, only a subset of HNSC patients receiving cetuximab actually responds to treatment, underlining the need for a means to tailor treatments of individual patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cetuximab treatment on tumour growth, on tumour partial oxygen pressure as measured by LiPc electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry and on the expression of proteins involved in tumour growth, metabolism and hypoxia. Two HNSCC cell lines, UT-SCC-2 and UT-SCC-14, were used to generate xenografts on female BALB/c (nu/nu) nude mice. Mice with xenografts were given three injections of intraperitoneal cetuximab or phosphate-buffered saline, and the tumour volume was recorded continuously. After treatment the tumour partial oxygen pressure was measured by LiPc electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR, Ki-67, MCT1, MCT4, GLUT1, CAIX and HIF-1α were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In xenografts from both cell lines (UT-SCC-2 and UT-SCC-14) cetuximab had effect on the tumour volume but the effect was more pronounced on UT-SCC-14 xenografts. A higher tumour oxygenation was measured in cetuximab-treated tumours from both cell lines compared to untreated controls. Immunocytochemical staining after cetuximab treatment shows a significantly decreased expression of EGFR, pEGFR, Ki67, CAIX and nuclear HIF-1α in UT-SCC-14 tumours compared to untreated controls. MCT1 and GLUT1 were significantly decreased in tumours from both cell lines but more pronounced in UT-SCC-14 tumours. Taken together, our results show that cetuximab treatment decreases the tumour growth and increases the tumour partial oxygen pressure of HNSCC xenografts. Furthermore we found a potential connection between the partial oxygen pressure of the tumours and the expression of proteins involved in tumour growth, metabolism and hypoxia.
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10

Pfleiderer, A. G., P. Thomson, and C. M. Milroy. "ENT presentation of Ollier's disease." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 2 (February 1991): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510011521x.

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AbstractCartilaginous tumours occurring in the head and neck are usually regarded and seen as solitary lesions. However, we present an unique case where the cartilaginous tumour in the ENT region was the presenting feature of Ollier's disease (multiple enchondromatosis). It is recommended that further investigations be carried out in patients with cartilaginous tumours presenting in the head and neck to exclude the possible presence of this unusual and interesting syndrome.
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11

Capatina, Cristina, Georgia Ntali, Niki Karavitaki, and Ashley B. Grossman. "The management of head-and-neck paragangliomas." Endocrine-Related Cancer 20, no. 5 (August 6, 2013): R291—R305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-13-0223.

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Paragangliomas (PGLs) are tumours originating from neural crest-derived cells situated in the region of the autonomic nervous system ganglia. Head-and-neck PGLs (HNPGLs) originate from the sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia, most frequently from the carotid bodies and jugular, tympanic and vagal paraganglia, and are usually non-catecholamine secreting. Familial PGLs are considered to be rare, but recently genetic syndromes including multiple PGLs and/or phaeochromocytomas have been more thoroughly characterised. Nowadays, genetic screening for the genes frequently implicated in both familial and sporadic cases is routinely being recommended. HNPGLs are mostly benign, generally slow-growing tumours. Continuous growth leads to the involvement of adjacent neurovascular structures with increased morbidity rates and treatment-related complications. Optimal management mostly depends on tumour location, local involvement of neurovascular structures, estimated malignancy risk, patient age and general health. Surgery is the only treatment option offering the chance of cure but with significant morbidity rates, so a more conservative approach is usually considered, especially in the more difficult cases. Radiotherapy (fractionated or stereotactic radiosurgery) leads to tumour growth arrest and symptomatic improvement in the short term in many cases, but the long-term consequences are unclear. Early detection is essential in order to increase the chance of cure with a lower morbidity rate. The constant improvement in diagnostic imaging, surgical and radiation techniques has led to a safer management of these tumours, but there are still many therapeutic challenges, and no treatment algorithm has been agreed upon until now. The management of HNPGLs requires a multidisciplinary effort addressing the genetic, surgical, radiotherapeutic, oncological, neurological and endocrinological implications. Further progress in the understanding of their pathogenesis will lead to more effective screening and earlier diagnosis, both critical to successful treatment.
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12

Di Martino, Ercole, Bernd Sellhaus, Ralf Hausmann, Ralf Minkenberg, Melanie Lohmann, and Martin W. Esthofen. "Survival in second primary malignancies of patients with head and neck cancer." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, no. 10 (October 2002): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/00222150260293664.

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Second primary tumours occur frequently in patients with a history of head and neck malignancies. Delays in making an early and correct diagnosis can seriously affect the therapy management and survival.This was a retrospective study of 120 patients with a history of head and neck cancer, presenting with a second primary tumour. Current follow-up strategies and the use of routine sonographic imaging of the head and neck regions were evaluated, and the impact that tumour chronology, the tumour site and the various treatment modalities have on the survival were assessed. Forty-two per cent of patients developed a metachronous second malignancy more than five years after diagnosis of the index tumour. The accuracy of colour-duplex sonography in detection of second primaries in the head and neck was 82.3 per cent. First and second primary tumours located in the larynx were observed to have the highest five-year survival rate. Patients who developed metachronous tumours had a five-year survival rate of 68.9 per cent for the index tumours, and a 26 per cent five-year survival rate with the occurrence of a second neoplasm. With synchronous tumours a mean survival time of 18 months and a five-year survival rate of 11.9 per cent was found (p < 0.0001). Where clinically appropriate an aggressive treatment strategy was employed and yielded the most favourable results with a five-year survival rate of 66.8 per cent and 35.9 per cent for index tumours and second primary malignancies, respectively.Since more than 40 per cent of the metachronous second primaries in patients with a history of head and neck malignancy occur beyond the five-year follow-up period, an extended protocol with individually adjusted close monitoring of high-risk patients seems appropriate. Colour-duplex sonography is a valuable screening investigation for the early detection of second primary tumours. The treatment of a second primary is often less successful than for the same malignancy occurring primarily. The prognosis of synchronous tumours is significantly lower when compared to malignancies of a metachronous nature, despite some encouraging individual results. Only the early implementation of aggressive treatment methods for second primaries is successful in terms of survival.
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13

Talmi, Yoav P., Gregory T. Wolf, Mark Hazuka, and Charles J. Krause. "Unknown primary of the head and neck." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 4 (April 1996): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100133602.

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AbstractThe occurrence of metastases to the cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary tumour is seen in approximately three to six per cent of patients with cervical adenopathy and the primary tumour commonly remains elusive. Single modality treatment is occasionally advocated but combined treatment seems to obtain the best results.A retrospective analysis of patients' charts with unknown primary of the head and neck in theUniversity of Michigan Medical Center was undertaken for the years 1978–1992. Forty-eight records met study criteria and were reviewed.Our series' size and heterogeneity prevents drawing conclusions regarding treatment effectiveness. The majority (67.5 per cent) of our patients were treated by surgery followed by irradiation. Our overall survival rates compare favourably with the general statistics although it should be noted that longer follow-up in our first group of patients may alter our results. Extracapsular spread did not adversely affect survival in our small series of five cases. We discovered six primary sites within one year and three additional cases within four years. The primary site was included in the radiation fields in all instances of squamous cell tumours that were eventually found. It has been suggested that eventual manifestation of the primary site adversely affects prognosis, which is in agreement with our results.
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14

Gonzalez-Compta, X., M. Mañós-Pujol, M. Foglia-Fernandez, E. Peral, E. Condom, T. Claveguera, and M. Dicenta-Sousa. "Oncogenic osteomalacia: case report and review of head and neck associated tumours." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 4 (April 1998): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100140551.

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AbstractOncogenic osteomalacia is an uncommon syndrome characterized by mineral metabolism abnormalities that disappear after the resection of an associated tumour. Head and neck is the second most frequent location of these tumours. We describe a case with an ethmoido-frontal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour and review oncogenic osteomalacia-associated tumours. Among 21 cases found, 57 per cent affected the sinonasal area and 20 per cent the mandible. The diagnosis of the tumour lasted a mean of 4.7 years from the onset of osteomalacia, and most of them showed a significant vascular component. An aggressive surgical approach is recommended.
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15

Rose, T. A. "Contemplation of head and neck intensity-modulated radiotherapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 7, no. 2 (June 2008): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396908006274.

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AbstractIntensity-modulated radiootherapy (IMRT) is being rapidly embraced as a radiotherapy technique in many cancer centres across the world. This paper aims to highlight the reported problems associated with the use of IMRT for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Specific areas of concern that are mentioned are the identification of tumour volumes, reproducibility of treatment, issues of tumour resistance and tumour recurrence. Radiotherapy departments are advised to make haste slowly when considering the implementation of this technique.
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16

Chong, Vincent. "Tumour volume measurement in head and neck cancer." Cancer Imaging 7, Special Issue A (2007): S47—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2007.9002.

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17

Álvarez Marcos, César Antonio, José Luis Llorente Pendás, Virginia Franco Gutiérrez, Humberto Fernández Espina, Marta Alonso Guervós, Carlos Suárez Nieto, and Mario Hermsen. "Tumour Recurrence in Squamous Head and Neck Cancer." Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) 58, no. 4 (January 2007): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2173-5735(07)70324-1.

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18

Garrel, R., D. Cupissol, and C. Alix-Panabieres. "Circulating tumour cells in head and neck cancer." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 137, no. 3 (May 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2019.12.012.

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19

El-Sharkawi, Salah. "Angiosarcoma of the head and neck." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 2 (February 1997): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100136771.

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AbstractAngiosarcoma of the head and neck is a rare tumour of vascular origin that affects the elderly. A 74-year-old man who presented with bruise-like macules of the scalp and face is reported. He was treated for a few months with different antibiotics and anti-allergic medication by his own family doctor, and referred for specialist opinion when he failed to derive any benefits from the medications. A biopsy was obtained from the lesion and proved to be an angiosarcoma. A review of the literature indicates that the most important prognostic factor in this particular disease is the size of the lesion on presentation, hence the importance of early diagnosis. This case is reported, and the literature for similar cases is reviewed, to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this uncommon aggressive tumour in an attempt to help in the process of early diagnosis.
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20

John, Keziah, Jennifer Wu, Bing-Wei Lee, and Camile S. Farah. "MicroRNAs in Head and Neck Cancer." International Journal of Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/650218.

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microRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding single-stranded RNAs, about 19–25 nucleotides long. They have been shown to be capable of altering mRNA expression; thus some are oncogenic or tumour suppressive in nature and are regulated by cellular and epigenetic factors. The molecular pathogenic pathway of many cancers has been modified since the discovery of miRs. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the sixth most common cancer in the world, has recently been associated with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV). miR expression profiles are altered in the transition from dysplasia to carcinoma, with some changes being specific to the underlying risk factor. This difference is particularly significant in HPV-positive HNSCC where host miRs are modulated by the virus, creating a different profile to HPV-negative HNSCC. Saliva, as an easily collected proximal biofluid containing numerous miRs, presents an attractive noninvasive diagnostic tool in detecting HNSCC and determining prognosis. Furthermore, miRs may play a role in the analysis of surgical margins for residual tumour extension and in the development of novel miR-based therapeutic targets and agents.
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21

Wollina, Uwe, André Koch, Gesina Hansel, Jacqueline Schönlebe, Torello Lotti, and Aleksandra Vojvodic. "Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of Head and Neck – A Single-Centre Analysis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 18 (August 30, 2019): 2976–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.763.

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BACKGROUND: Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck region is a subtype of cutaneous angiosarcoma with an unfavourable prognosis. Diagnosis is often delayed. PATENTS AND METHODS: The setting is an Academic Teaching Hospital Skin Cancer Center. Eight Caucasian patients could be identified, 5 men and 3 women. Delay to diagnosis was between 12 to 4 months (mean 7.8 ± 2.9 months). The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Hematoxylin-eosin, Giemsa, PAS, iron and reticulin stains were performed. Endothelial markers such as CD31, CD34, and Ki67 for proliferation assessment were used in all tumours. Other markers used included pan-cytokeratin (CK), CK7, CK20, ERG, CD 40 and c-MYC. Tumours were classified as localised versus multifocal or diffuse form. Tumour staging was performed according to the 8th edition of the AJCC. The mean age of patients was 79 years ± 26.4 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7. Tumour classification was diffuse in 2 patients, multilocular in one and localised in 5 patients. In 5 of 8 patients, a multimodal treatment was performed, one had radiotherapy alone, in another patient surgery was performed, and radiotherapy is planned. The mean OS was 26.4 months ± 24.5 months. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck is an aggressive tumour with a poor prognosis. Although surgery remains a cornerstone of treatment, the tumour size at first presentation may be too large, and the elderly patients maybe not suitable for extensive surgery. Therefore, multimodal treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy and/ or chemotherapy is necessary. Multimodal treatment offers a better outcome than radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone. Stealth liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin is a therapeutic option for elderly patients with improved safety compared to conventional doxorubicin.
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Flavell-Birch, Alice, Helen D. Brasch, and Swee T. Tan. "Parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma with extensive intravenous metastasis: a case report." Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v4n1.244.

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Salivary tumours are uncommon, comprising only 2–5 per cent of head and neck neoplasms,1 with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the most common salivary cancer in both adults and children.1–4 Clinically, head and neck MEC can present variably from being asymptomatic to locally or metastatically aggressive.5,6 Treatment is primary surgical resection with neck dissection. The use of adjuvant radiotherapy is indicated for patients at high risk of recurrence, such as those with a high tumour stage, positive resection margins and high histological grading.6–8
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23

He, S., P. Li, S. He, T. Long, N. Zhang, J. Fang, and Z. Yu. "Detection of circulating tumour cells with the CellSearch system in patients with advanced-stage head and neck cancer: preliminary results." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 8 (July 9, 2013): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113001412.

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AbstractObjective:To assess the feasibility and clinical value of using the CellSearch system to detect circulating tumour cells in patients with advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Circulating tumour cells were isolated and counted via positive selection utilising magnetically labelled anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule and immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratin. The correlation between circulating tumour cell presence and clinical features was evaluated in nine patients newly diagnosed with advanced-stage (stage III or IV) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Results:Circulating tumour cells were detected in three of the nine patients (33 per cent). Circulating tumour cell positivity was more prevalent in node stage 2 to 3 patients (3 of 5, 60 per cent) than node stage 0 to 1 patients (0 of 4, 0 per cent). Recurrent or progressive disease was observed in only one of the six patients (17 per cent) without circulating tumour cells, compared with two of the three patients (67 per cent) with circulating tumour cells.Conclusion:In this preliminary study, circulating tumour cells were successfully isolated in patients with advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, using the CellSearch system. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the prognostic significance of circulating tumour cells.
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24

Troost, E. G. C., J. Bussink, C. M. L. van Herpen, W. J. G. Oyen, J. H. A. M. Kaanders, and B. A. W. Hoeben. "18F-FLT PET changes during radio - therapy combined with cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients." Nuklearmedizin 53, no. 02 (2014): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0625-13-09.

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SummaryAim: Early treatment response of head and neck cancer to radiotherapy concomitant with cetuximab was monitored by repetitive PET imaging with the proliferation tracer 18F-FLT. Patients, methods: Five head and neck cancer patients, treated with radiotherapy and concomitant cetuximab following cetuximab induction, received four 18F-FLT PET-CT scans before and during treatment. Changes in SUVpeak, SUVmean and CT- and PET-segmented gross tumour volumes were evaluated, as were correlations with immu- nohistochemical staining for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Ki-67 (proliferation marker) in pre-treatment tumour biopsies. Results: 18F-FLT PET measured tumor responses to the induction dose of ce- tuximab varied from 43% SUVpeak decrease to 47% increase. After start of radiotherapy 18F-FLT PET parameters decreased significantly in all patients. No associations were found between PET parameters and EGFR or Ki-67 expression levels. Conclusion: Proliferation of head and neck carcinomas shows a varying response to cetuximab induction, but consistently decreases after addition of radiotherapy.
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Savage, C. R., and L. A. Zimmer. "Oncogenic osteomalacia from pterygopalatine fossa mass." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 9 (March 2, 2009): 1052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109004927.

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AbstractIntroduction:Oncogenic osteomalacia, or tumour-induced osteomalacia, is an uncommon cause of osteomalacia. It has been reported to occur in patients with hypophosphataemia due to excess renal phosphate excretion secondary to mesenchymal tumours. Occurrence of this pathological process in the head and neck is extremely rare.Methods:Case report and literature review.Results:We present a case of a 73-year-old woman with tumour-induced osteomalacia. She was initially followed by the endocrinologists for osteomalacia and pathological fractures. An indium-111 pentetreotide scan showed activity in the left pterygopalatine fossa. A mass was endoscopically resected, and the histopathological appearance was consistent with a haemangiopericytoma. Following surgery, the patient's hypophosphataemia and vitamin D deficiency corrected and her symptoms resolved.Conclusions:Oncogenic osteomalacia, or tumour-induced osteomalacia, is a rare entity in the head and neck. Current research is elucidating the mechanism by which phosphaturic wasting occurs. In most patients, symptoms resolve once the offending tumour is removed.
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Singh, Bhuvanesh, Vladimir Santos, Thomas N. Guffin, Richard Alexis, and Gady Har-El. "Giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head and neck." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 12 (December 1991): 1079–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100118249.

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AbstractThe giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare entity in head and neck. Only eight well documented cases of this type are reported in the English literature. These tumours affect the superficial and deep structures of the neck most often and are best treated with prompt radical surgery. The prognosis of the giant cell type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma is dependent on the location of the tumour, with superficial tumours having a much better outlook.
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Gonçalves, Maria, Christina Gsaxner, André Ferreira, Jianning Li, Behrus Puladi, Jens Kleesiek, Jan Egger, and Victor Alves. "Radiomics in Head and Neck Cancer Outcome Predictions." Diagnostics 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 2733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112733.

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Head and neck cancer has great regional anatomical complexity, as it can develop in different structures, exhibiting diverse tumour manifestations and high intratumoural heterogeneity, which is highly related to resistance to treatment, progression, the appearance of metastases, and tumour recurrences. Radiomics has the potential to address these obstacles by extracting quantitative, measurable, and extractable features from the region of interest in medical images. Medical imaging is a common source of information in clinical practice, presenting a potential alternative to biopsy, as it allows the extraction of a large number of features that, although not visible to the naked eye, may be relevant for tumour characterisation. Taking advantage of machine learning techniques, the set of features extracted when associated with biological parameters can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and predictive accuracy valuable for clinical decision-making. Therefore, the main goal of this contribution was to determine to what extent the features extracted from Computed Tomography (CT) are related to cancer prognosis, namely Locoregional Recurrences (LRs), the development of Distant Metastases (DMs), and Overall Survival (OS). Through the set of tumour characteristics, predictive models were developed using machine learning techniques. The tumour was described by radiomic features, extracted from images, and by the clinical data of the patient. The performance of the models demonstrated that the most successful algorithm was XGBoost, and the inclusion of the patients’ clinical data was an asset for cancer prognosis. Under these conditions, models were created that can reliably predict the LR, DM, and OS status, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values equal to 0.74, 0.84, and 0.91, respectively. In summary, the promising results obtained show the potential of radiomics, once the considered cancer prognosis can, in fact, be expressed through CT scans.
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Watkinson, J. C., C. E. C. Todd, C. R. Lazarus, M. N. Maisey, and S. E. M. Clarke. "Technetium–99m(v) Dimercaptosuccinic acid planar scintigraphy in head and neck cancer: Clinical, scintigraphic and radiological study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 104, no. 10 (October 1990): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100113908.

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AbstractTechnetium-99m (Tc99m)(v) Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) is animaging agent which has been proposed as a scintigraphic marker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty-four patients were studied of whom 51 had a head and neck tumour. All patients were examined and then imaged using Tc99m(v) DMSA scintigraphy and computerized tomography.Scintigraphy was less sensitive than clinical examination in the detection of patients with cancer, patients with primary tumours and patients with metastatic neck disease. CT was as sensitive and as accurate as clinical examination but more senstive than Tc99m(v) DMSA in detecting patients with cancer and with primary tumours. CT was more sensitive and more accurate than both clinical examination and Tc99m(v) DMSA scintigraphy in predicting which patients had metastatic neck disease.Although Tc99m(v) DMSA is accumulated by squamous cell carcinoma, its inability to detect low volume disease and apparent low specificity means it has no role to play in the management of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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29

Linecker, A., C. Kermer, I. Sulzbacher, P. Angelberger, K. Kletter, R. Dudczak, R. Ewers, and A. Becherer. "Uptake of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG in primary head and neck cancer correlates with survival." Nuklearmedizin 47, no. 02 (2008): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0128.

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SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the practicability of 18F-FLT in tumours of the head and neck area in terms of visualization, a possible correlation between FLT uptake and proliferation fraction as determined by Ki-67 immunostaining, and if tumoural FLT-uptake has a prognostic meaning, as determined by a correlation to patient survival time. Results were compared to 18F-FDG. Patients, methods: 20 patients with previously untreated lesions of the head and neck area, which were clinically highly suspicious to be malignant, underwent PET scans with 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG, a CT of the head and neck area, and a biopsy. Tumour tracer uptake was determined by standardized uptake value (SUV) normalized to body weight and /non-tumor ratios (T/N). 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT uptake were compared with histopathologic and immunohistochemical results. Results: 19 patients had malignant tumours; one patient had a benign cystadenoma (so called Warthin's tumour) of the parotid gland. One negative lesion turned out to be a malignant T1 stage squamous cell carcinoma in both PET scans, the Warthin's tumour was false positive with 18F-FDG but showed only faint uptake with 18F-FLT, resulting in a sensitivity of 95 % for both tracers. Of all lesions, maximum SUVs of 18F-FLT ranged from 1.53 to 11.70 (mean ± SD 5.81 ± 2.28) those of FDG from 2.63 to 16.50 (mean ± SD 8.91 ± 3.58), p < 0.001. 18F-FLT-T/N ranged from 0.94 to 5.85 (mean ± SD, 3.18 ± 1.21), 18F-FDG-T/N was from 0.92 to 7.50 (mean ± SD, 3.6 ± 1.74), n.s. The mean survival time was 18 months in a maximum follow up time of 36 months. A significant correlation between both PET tracers and survival was detected, but no correlation between the amount of Ki-67 positive cells and FLT. Conclusion: In head and neck cancer in the primary setting 18F-FLT does not provide additional visual information in comparison to 18F-FDG.18F-FLT uptake is inversely correlated with patient survival, as well as 18F-FDG.
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Lewis-Jones, H., S. Colley, and D. Gibson. "Imaging in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, S2 (May 2016): S28—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116000396.

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AbstractThis guideline is endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. This paper summarises the current imaging modalities in use for head and neck cancer evaluation. It highlights their role in the management with recommendations on modality choice for each cancer subsite.Recommendations• Offer appropriate radiological imaging, based on tumour extent, site and local expertise, to stage tumours and plan treatment for patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer. (G)• Consider positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET–CT) imaging if conventional cross-sectional imaging identifies no primary site. (R)• Offer PET–CT imaging 12 weeks after non-surgical treatment to detect residual disease. (R)
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Laccourreye, Ollivier, Eric Chabardes, Agnés Mérite-Drancy, Françoise Carnot, Philippe Renard, Stéphane Donnadieu, and Daniel Brasnu. "Implantation metastasis following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, no. 10 (October 1993): 946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100124879.

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AbstractSince it was first described, the original percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) technique has proved to be a valuable adjunct in patients with head and neck tumours. This procedure is being increasingly utilized in the face of swallowing impairment related to head and neck carcinoma. Although generally well tolerated, it may be associated with complications. In this report, we document tumour implantation at the percutaneous endoscopic gastric site and review the report cases. It appears that implantation metastasis does alter prognosis.
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Arora, Rajan, Vinay Kumar Verma, Kripa Shanker Mishra, Hemant Bhoye, and Rahul Kapoor. "Reconstruction with free flaps in robotic head-and-neck onco-surgeries." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 51, no. 03 (September 2018): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijps.ijps_35_18.

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ABSTRACT Aims and Objective: The aim of the present article is to highlight how reconstruction with free flaps is different and difficult in cases with robotic head-and-neck cancer surgery. It also highlights the technical guidelines on how to manage the difficulties. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with oropharyngeal cancer having undergone tumour excision followed by free-flap reconstruction been reviewed here. Nine patients had tumour excision done robotically through intraoral route while neck dissection done with transverse neck crease incision. There is a problem of difficult flap inset in this group of patient. Two patients had intraoral excision of tumour followed by robotic neck dissection via retroauricular incision. With no incision directly on the neck, microvascular anastomosis is challenging in this set of patients. Free flap was used in all the cases to reconstruct the defect. Results: Successful reconstruction with free flap was done in all the cases with good outcome both functionally and aesthetically. Conclusion: Free-flap reconstruction is possible in robotic head-and-neck cancer surgery despite small and difficult access, but it does need practice and some technical modifications for good outcome.
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33

Sandström, Karl, Ylva Tiblom Ehrsson, Felix Sellberg, Hemming Johansson, and Göran Laurell. "Loco-Regional Control and Sustained Difference in Serum Immune Protein Expression in Patients Treated for p16-Positive and p16-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043838.

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The main prognostic factors for patients with head and neck cancer are the tumour site and stage, yet immunological and metabolic factors are certainly important, although knowledge is still limited. Expression of the biomarker p16INK4a (p16) in oropharyngeal cancer tumour tissue is one of the few biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer. The association between p16 expression in the tumour and the systemic immune response in the blood compartment has not been established. This study aimed to assess whether there is a difference in serum immune protein expression profiles between patients with p16+ and p16- head and squamous cell carcinoma (HNCC). The serum immune protein expression profiles, using the Olink® immunoassay, of 132 patients with p16+ and p16- tumours were compared before treatment and one year after treatment. A significant difference in the serum immune protein expression profile was observed both before and one year after treatment. In the p16- group, a low expression of four proteins: IL12RB1, CD28, CCL3, and GZMA before treatment conferred a higher rate of failure. Based on the sustained difference between serum immune proteins, we hypothesise that the immunological system is still adapted to the tumour p16 status one year after tumour eradication or that a fundamental difference exists in the immunological system between patients with p16+ and p16- tumours.
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34

González, V., M. Rodriguez, V. Morillo, R. Muelas, A. Conde, and C. Ferrer. "Spindle cell head and neck tumour. A case report." Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 18 (June 2013): S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.288.

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35

Kulasinghe, Arutha, Chris Perry, Lidija Jovanovic, Colleen Nelson, and Chamindie Punyadeera. "Circulating tumour cells in metastatic head and neck cancers." International Journal of Cancer 136, no. 11 (August 11, 2014): 2515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29108.

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36

Roland, N., G. Porter, B. Fish, and Z. Makura. "Tumour assessment and staging: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, S2 (May 2016): S53—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511600044x.

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AbstractIn general, the first decision to be made in a patient with a confirmed head and neck cancer is whether or not to treat the patient before deciding what form of management strategy is appropriate. There is no more important an aspect of head and neck cancer care than the initial evaluation of the patient and the patient's tumour. The practice requires specific expertise and judgement. The current tumour–node–metastasis system relies on morphology of the tumour (anatomical site and extent of disease) but the final decision on treatment hinges on a full assessment of the patient including physiological age and general condition. The aim of this paper is primarily to describe why and how we appraise a patient and their tumour. It addresses the general principles applicable to the topic of evaluation, classification and staging. In addition, the limitations and pitfalls of this process are described.Recommendations• All patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) should undergo tumour classification and staging prior to treatment. (R)• Pre-therapeutic clinical staging of HNCs should be based on at least a C2 factor (evidence obtained by special diagnostic means, e.g. radiographic imaging (e.g. computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound scan), endoscopy, biopsy and cytology). (R)• Imaging to evaluate the primary site should be performed prior to biopsy to avoid the effect of upstaging from the oedema caused by biopsy trauma. (G)• Panendoscopy is only recommended for symptomatic patients or patients with primary tumours known to have a significant risk of a second (synchronous) primary tumour. (G)
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37

Alba, J. R., J. Basterra, J. C. Ferrer, F. Santonja, and E. Zapater. "Hypothyroidism in patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma: standardised long-term follow-up study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 5 (March 15, 2016): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116000967.

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AbstractObjective:Hypothyroidism is a common complication when radiotherapy is part of the treatment for head and neck tumours. This study aimed to show the incidence of hypothyroidism and possible risk factors in these patients.Methods:Factors related to the population, tumour, treatment and occurrence of hypothyroidism were analysed in 241 patients diagnosed with head and neck carcinoma.Results:Approximately 53 per cent of patients were diagnosed with radiation-induced hypothyroidism. Its occurrence was related to: tumour location, laryngeal surgery type, neck dissection type, post-operative complications, cervical radiotherapy and radiotherapy unit type (linear particle accelerator or telecobalt therapy technology).Conclusion:Control of thyroid function should be standardised for several years after treatment, particularly in patients with risk factors, such as those treated with telecobalt therapy, those with post-operative complications and for whom the thyroid parenchyma is included in the irradiated area (laryngeal or pharyngeal location and bilateral cervical radiation).
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38

Harris, A. T., S. Derbyshire, J. Wilson, C. Loh, A. J. Kinshuck, B. Attlmayr, and T. M. Jones. "Circulating and disseminated tumour cells in head and neck cancer." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 9 (July 15, 2015): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115001784.

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AbstractBackground:Multimodal treatment options in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have allowed for greater control of locoregional disease, but this has not translated into a significant overall survival advantage for patients. This is partially because these treatment modalities have no influence over the rate of development of distant metastases.Objective:This article summarises the current methods of detecting circulating and disseminated tumour cells. It also discusses how these cells can offer prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and considers questions posed by the identification of these cells.Methods:A literature search of relevant journal articles was performed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, and a general article search was conducted using the online search engine Google.Results and conclusion:The evidence presented in this article indicates that circulating tumour cells and disseminated tumour cells may be clinically useful as prognostic markers or in the assessment of response to treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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39

de Bree, R., I. van der Waal, P. Doornaert, J. A. Werner, J. A. Castelijns, and C. R. Leemans. "Indications and extent of elective neck dissection in patients with early stage oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: nationwide survey in The Netherlands." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 8 (August 2009): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109004800.

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AbstractBackground:Different strategies are available for the management of patients with early (i.e. tumour stage one or two) oral or oropharyngeal carcinoma and a clinically negative neck.Material and methods:In 2006, a questionnaire was sent to the eight head and neck cancer centres of the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group. This questionnaire covered: the factors influencing the decision to perform an elective neck dissection; the neck staging procedure; and the types of neck dissection undertaken.Results:All eight questionnaires were returned completed. Respondents indicated that the site (n = 6), size (n = 7) and thickness (n = 6) of the primary tumour were important in decisions regarding elective neck dissection. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was the most frequently used diagnostic technique (n = 7). Depending on the site and stage of the primary tumour presented, in the different cases 3–7 of the centres would perform an elective neck dissection. Selective neck dissections (i.e. levels I to III/IV) were more frequently performed than modified radical neck dissections.Conclusion:There was no uniformity regarding management of the clinically negative neck in patients with early stage oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma, within The Netherlands.
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40

Har-El, Gady, Howard Y. Zirkin, Ferit Tovi, and Jack Sidi. "Congenital pleomorphic adenoma of the nasopharynx." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 99, no. 12 (December 1985): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100098546.

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AbstractA case of congenital salivary gland tumour occurring in the nasopharynx is reported. Congenital neoplasms of the head and neck (of any histological type) and congenital tumours of the nasopharynx are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
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41

Ayache, S., D. Chatelain, B. Tramier, and V. Strunski. "Oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal myxoma: case report and literature review." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 5 (April 3, 2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510700669x.

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Objectives: To describe the features of an oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal myxoma.Materials and methods: Case report of a 34-year-old patient operated upon for a dual-location tumour, and review of the literature.Results: The myxoma is a rare tumour. Various head and neck locations have been described, but not (to our knowledge) a tumour in both the oropharynx and the hypopharynx. Multiple synchronous locations must be searched for, particularly regarding cardiac myxoma.Conclusion: The myxoma is a rare, benign tumour, even rarer in the head and neck. Surgical treatment must be complete in order to avoid recurrences, and should be performed after assessment for cardiac involvement.
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42

Webber, P. A., S. S. M. Hussain, and G. J. Radcliffe. "Cartilaginous neoplasms of the head and neck." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 100, no. 5 (May 1986): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510009976x.

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AbstractThe presenting features and management of three cases of chondroma and one of chondrosarcoma in different head and neck sites are described. The rarity of this tumour is emphasized by a brief review of the literature. The fact that all the above cases presented within two years to one District General Hospital makes this series very unusual indeed.
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43

Mohd Sabri, Mohd Naqib, Kasumawati Alli, Sze Yin Lam, Kharul Azmi Abdul Kadir, and Norafida Bahari. "RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH FACIAL SWELLING AND NASAL OBSTRUCTION AS PRIMARY PRESENTATION." Journal Of Cardiovascular, Neurovascular & Stroke 4, no. 2 (September 8, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32896/cvns.v4n2.25-30.

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Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a slow growing tumor. About 25–30% of patients are found to have metastases at diagnosis commonly to lung, liver and bones. The incidence of renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to the head and neck has been reported to range from 15-30%. Intranasal mass, or occasionally orbital mass maybe the presenting symptom of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the nose and sinuses. Case presentation: We report a case of left RCC with large metastases to the frontonasal region producing head and neck symptoms before the primary lesion could be detected. Clinical presentations of metastatic RCC to the nasal and paranasal regions varies from recurrent epistaxis, nasal obstruction, facial pain, induration or even an orbital mass. In our case, although the patient had typical presentation of metastatic nasal tumour, the diagnosis of metastatic disease was not made. Conclusion: Patient presented with nasal and paranasal region tumour with no other systemic symptoms, presence of metastatic disease particularly from renal cell carcinoma should be included in diagnosis, as it is a slow growing tumour and the fact that nasal and paranasal areas are the most commonly affected site of metastatic RCC in the head and neck region.
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44

Hossain, Mohammad Sowkat, S. M. Mahbubul Alam, Sk Md Jaynul Islam, Wasim Selimul Haque, and Shamoli Yasmin. "The role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region." BIRDEM Medical Journal 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v10i1.44760.

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Background: Undifferentiated tumours in the head and neck region are not uncommon. They can arise from different sites like in mucosa as well as in salivary glands, soft tissues or lymph nodes. Histopathological examination plays a central role in the diagnosis but difficulties arise with some tumours which are poorlydifferentiated due to their high inter- and intra-observer variability. In those cases, immunohistochemistry has greatly assisted to diagnose the tumours that cannot be accurately identified using routine histopathological procedures. The correct histopathological diagnosis is essential especially in case of malignant tumourwhere subsequent specific therapy is required. The aim of this study was to determine the role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 35 Bangladeshi patient’s specimens of head and neck swelling were collected from two renowned laboratories in Dhaka city.These cases were diagnosed as undifferentiated tumour in histopathological examination.Standard protocol was followed for immunohistochemistry.Then primary immunohistochemical panel which included the markers for Epithelial CK (AE1/AE3),mesenchymal marker (Vimentin) and lymphoid marker (LCA) were used.The cases which were not resolved by primary immunohistochemistry panel, the second panel was applied for further sub classification (Desmin, Chromogranin, CK20, CEA, CD20, CD30, HMB45, NSE). Based on interpretation of immunohistochemical findings final diagnoses were made.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: A total of 35 undifferentiated tumorsof head-neck region were studied.The mean age was 46.3±17.6 years and male to female ratio was 4.8:1. The majority 13 (37.1%) patient had cervical lymphadenopathy, 11 (31.4%) had neck mass and 4(11.4%) had in nasal/sinonasal mass.Regarding histopathologicalcell types, round cell was 21 (60.0%), spindle cell 6 (17.1%), pleomorphic cells 6(17.1%) and epithelioid cells 2(5.7%). In initial histopathological examination, majority 25(71.4%) were undifferentiated malignant neoplasm, 8(22.8%) were metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma, 1(2.9%) was pleomorphic sarcoma and the remaining 1(2.9%) had malignant adnexal tumour. By application of immunohistochemistry, most (33, 94.3%) of the cases were resolved and the two cases remained unresolved. Among the resolved cases majority (15, 45.5%) were lymphoma, 4(12.1%) were metastatic carcinoma, 3(9.1%) were Ewing’s sarcoma and malignant melanoma were found in 3(9.1%) cases. Conclusion: This study supports that the immunohistochemical technique has a fundamental role in the investigation of undifferentiated tumour origin, to determine the correct guidance for treatment and improving the prognosis for head and neck tumour patients. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 48-53
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45

Herrmann, Th. "Radiation oncology and functional imaging." Nuklearmedizin 44, S 01 (2005): S38—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625213.

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Summary:PET/CT imaging is most likely to be of use in radiation oncology with patients who have poorly defined target volume areas, e.g. brain tumours, bronchogenic carcinoma, and cases of miscellaneous geographical miss. Other tumours that call for dose escalated radiotherapy, such as head and neck tumours, bronchogenic carcinoma, and prostate carcinomas may further benefit from an accurate delineation of the metabolically active tumour volume and its differentiation from surrounding healthy tissue, or tumour atelectasis.
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46

Zahrani, Faisal Al, Khalid Al-Qahtani, Mohammed Alshahrani, Khamis Almufargi, Abdullah Alkhudhayri, Labeb Obad, and Tahera Islam. "Incidence of Lymphatic Metastasis to Neck Nodes Level IIb in Neck Dissection for Head and Neck Cancers: A Retrospective Study." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 3 (2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1192.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Selective neck dissection (SND) is performed to prevent head and neck cancers metastasis. We tried to determine the incidence of level IIb lymph nodes metastasis and it is associations in head and neck cancers for selection of patients requiring SND. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 57 patients who underwent surgical removal of the head and neck tumor by 84 neck dissections. Fisher exact test was used to measure the association between positive IIb nodes and the other variables. Results Nine (15.8%) of 57 patients showed level IIb lymph nodes metastasis comprising 10.71% of the 84 neck dissections. Six (66.66%) were associated with oral cavity cancers, 8 (88.9%) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 6 (66.66%) with T4 tumor. Five (55.6%) were N2b, and 7 (77.8%) were found in N+ necks. All (100%) positive IIb nodes were associated with metastatic level IIa. Significant associations were found betweenpositive IIbnodesand N2b (p= 0.005), clinically N+ necks (p = 0.005) and IIa (p < 0.01). Conclusion The incidence of level IIb nodes metastasis is high so they should be removed in any oral tumor, SCC, advanced staging, N+ necks or positive IIa lymph nodes metastasis. How to cite this article Al zahrani F, Al-Qahtani K, Alshahrani m, Almufargi K, Alkhudhayri A, Obad l, Islam T. Incidence of lymphatic metastasis to Neck Nodes level IIb in Neck Dissection for Head and Neck Cancers: A Retrospective Study. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):99-103.
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47

Ivanova, N. N., A. M. Mitrofanova, D. V. Shevtsov, I. N. Vorozhtsov, and N. S. Grachev. "Immature neck teratoma in the newborn." Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 7, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-1-70-74.

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One of rare location of teratoma in children is head and neck region. Treatment options, including surgery, are determined by tumour location, its grade of differentiation, and patients age. This article presents case report of immature paratracheal neck teratoma in a 3-month old child, subjected for second-look surgery for residual tumour removal due to the risk of life-threatening complications.
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48

Rockall, T. A., J. C. Watkinson, S. E. M. Clark, and E. E. Douek. "Scintigraphic evaluation of glomus tumours." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 104, no. 1 (January 1990): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100111727.

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AbstractThe current investigations of choice for a suspected glomus tumour are either direct or indirect angiography to include digital subtraction followed by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or, if available, CT and MRI with gadolinium alone. Although these modalities confirm the diagnosis and give anatomical information to facilitate accurate staging, they do not provide functional data. The use of radionuclide scintigraphy can add an extra physiological dimension to glomus tumour imaging.Iodine-131/123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a tumour imaging agent which has been used to diagnose head and neck neuroendocrine tumours to include paragangliomata and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT). However, it is expensive and the new head and neck tumour imaging agent technetium-99 m (Tc99m) (v) dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has superceded it as the imaging agent of choice to evaluate MCT. We report a patient with a glomus jugulare tumour which was evaluated with I131/I123-MIBG and Tc99m (v) DMSA. The tumour was functional and is the first reported case exhibiting positive accumulation of both I131-MIBG and Tc99m (v) DMSA. The patient was subsequently treated with a therapeutic dose of I131-MIBG. The significance of these results is discussed.
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49

Slevin, N. J., C. D. Collins, D. L. Hastings, M. L. Waller, R. J. Johnson, R. A. Cowan, A. R. Birzgalis, W. T. Farrington, and R. Swindell. "The diagnostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) with radiolabelled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in head and neck cancer." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 6 (June 1999): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100144457.

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AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) scanning has recently been introduced into clinical practice but its usefulness in the management of head and neck cancer is not well defined. The aim of this prospective preliminary study was to examine the clinical value of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) – PET in patients with head and neck cancer treated by radiotherapy with surgery in reserve by (i) relating quantitative uptake of isotope to tumour type and histological grade and (ii) comparing the imaging findings of PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in post-radiotherapy assessment of tumour response. Twenty-one patients had pre-treatment PET and MRI scans and these were repeated four and eight months after treatment if there was no clinical relapse. Pre-treatment uptake of FDG using tumour to cerebellar ratio parameters was significantly related to the histological grade of squamous cancer (p = 0.04) but not to tumour type. Discordance of post-treatment PET/MRI findings in one case indicates a possible role for PET in the early detection of tumour recurrence. Other potential uses of PET scanning in the management of head and neck cancer are discussed.
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50

Kanu, Okezie Obasi, Martin A. Nnoli, and Chinyere A. Asoegwu. "Prevalence of head and neck tumours in Calabar, South Eastern Nigeria." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (January 6, 2016): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i3.14216.

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Background: Malignancies in the head and neck region though relatively rare, compared to other regions of the body, they contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in affected patients. In Nigeria, the burden of managing head and Neck malignancies is enormous and there is yet to be a unified record of nation-wide incidence of malignancies involving the head and neck region despite the fact the head and neck malignancies have been diagnosed and documented since the 1960’s. The histological pattern and frequency however seems to have some slight variation depending on the region and the identified aetiological risk factors.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of head and neck tumours seen in the region and the commonest malignancies in the cohort. By comparing the relative prevalence of the lesions with other centers in the country and international published literature we hope to make a case for proper tumour registry and move for nation-wide studies.Materials and Methods: The authors reviewed the histopathological data of the tumor registry at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, a major referral Center in South-Eastern Nigeria between 2005 and 2012. All cases of head and Neck tumours with histological diagnosis were included for analysis, their demographic data were obtained and analyzed using SPSSv16.Results: Two hundred and twenty-five specimens from the head and neck region were analyzed during this 6 year period giving an average of 34 cases per year. The Male: Female ratio was 1.2:1.The age range was from 2 years to 76 years with overall mean of 32.7 years. One hundred and forty-five cases (63.3%) were benign while 84 malignant cases (36.7%) were recorded for the study period. The average number of new malignant cases seen was 14 per year. Malignancies were commoner in those less than 50 years of age and were mostly those of epithelial origin.Conclusion: Variations in the regional demographics of head and neck tumors in the country could be accounted for by the differences in data collection methods and certain aetiological factors that may be unique to those regions. A proper tumor registry in each region, harmonized with a national cancer registry may resolve some of these discrepancies.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 123-126
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