Journal articles: 'Head and Neck tumor'

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Harahap, Sondang Nora, and Daan Khambri. "Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in Head and Neck." Indonesian Journal of Cancer 15, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v15i4.805.

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Introduction: Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) originating from the eye are rare and very highly malignant diseases with a poor prognosis. Small cell NEC of the head and neck is a rare disease and highly aggressive. Early recognition and treatment are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male visited our oncology surgery outpatient department due to the progressive neck mass enlargement originating from the eye. The patient was previously diagnosed with invasive choroid malignant melanoma of the left eye which had metastasized to the lymph nodes of the left neck. He underwent a surgical removal/exenteration of the left eye. The result showed that the patient’s survival with poorly differentiated tumors was about 14% while patients with well-differentiated NEC had a survival rate of 34%. It also indicates that the prognosis of these tumors is very poor with a total of over 90% of patients having distant metastatic disease. Histopathological examination showed the tumor tissue and its immunohistochemistry with positive streaks of CD56, NSE, Synaptophysin, and Ki67 suggested small cell NEC.Conclusions: it is crucial to establish an early diagnosis of these tumors to reduce morbidity and mortality. No optimal treatment for such disease has yet been established.

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Barnes, Precious, F. A. Yeboah, Jinling Zhu, Roland Osei Saahene, Christian Obirikorang, Michael Buenor Adinortey, Benjamin Amoani, Foster Kyei, Patrick Akakpo, and Yaw Asante Awuku. "Prognostic Worth of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Patients with Head and Neck Tumors." Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2020 (November 12, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5615303.

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Introduction. Head and neck tumors (HNT) are tumors that normally occur at the head and neck region of the body. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been found to be highly expressed in breast and other tumors; therefore, there is the need to investigate the level of EGFR expression among patients with head and neck tumors in Ghana. Method. The level of EGFR expression was determined in head and neck tumor and control head and neck tissues with quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results. The level of EGFR expressions was high in tumor tissues than in the control tissues. There was a significant difference of p value 0.025 among the ages >40 and ≤ 40 when the high and low level of EGFR was compared in the head and neck malignant tumor. The area under the curve for the high expression of EGFR among the malignant head and neck tumors was 0.901 with a specificity of 86.4%. Conclusion. EGFR can serve as a prognostic marker in monitoring patients with HNT as well as a molecular therapeutic target.

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Zahrani, Faisal Al, Khalid Al-Qahtani, Mohammed Alshahrani, Khamis Almufargi, Abdullah Alkhudhayri, Labeb Obad, and Tahera Islam. "Incidence of Lymphatic Metastasis to Neck Nodes Level IIb in Neck Dissection for Head and Neck Cancers: A Retrospective Study." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 3 (2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1192.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Selective neck dissection (SND) is performed to prevent head and neck cancers metastasis. We tried to determine the incidence of level IIb lymph nodes metastasis and it is associations in head and neck cancers for selection of patients requiring SND. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 57 patients who underwent surgical removal of the head and neck tumor by 84 neck dissections. Fisher exact test was used to measure the association between positive IIb nodes and the other variables. Results Nine (15.8%) of 57 patients showed level IIb lymph nodes metastasis comprising 10.71% of the 84 neck dissections. Six (66.66%) were associated with oral cavity cancers, 8 (88.9%) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 6 (66.66%) with T4 tumor. Five (55.6%) were N2b, and 7 (77.8%) were found in N+ necks. All (100%) positive IIb nodes were associated with metastatic level IIa. Significant associations were found betweenpositive IIbnodesand N2b (p= 0.005), clinically N+ necks (p = 0.005) and IIa (p < 0.01). Conclusion The incidence of level IIb nodes metastasis is high so they should be removed in any oral tumor, SCC, advanced staging, N+ necks or positive IIa lymph nodes metastasis. How to cite this article Al zahrani F, Al-Qahtani K, Alshahrani m, Almufargi K, Alkhudhayri A, Obad l, Islam T. Incidence of lymphatic metastasis to Neck Nodes level IIb in Neck Dissection for Head and Neck Cancers: A Retrospective Study. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):99-103.

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Wangaryattawanich, Pattana, Mohit Agarwal, and Tanya Rath. "Imaging features of cartilaginous tumors of the head and neck." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 11 (December 4, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_186_2021.

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There is a wide spectrum of head and neck cartilaginous lesions which include both neoplastic and nonneoplastic processes. Cartilaginous tumors of the head and neck are uncommon, posing a diagnostic challenge. Benign cartilaginous tumors that may occur in the head and neck include chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, osteochondroma, and synovial chondromatosis. Chondromesenchymal hamartoma is a rare non-neoplastic cartilaginous lesion that is included for the 1first time in the new WHO classification and radiologically can mimic a tumor. Malignant cartilaginous tumors include chondrosarcoma and chondroid variant of chordoma. Characteristic tumor locations, internal chondroid matrix calcification, and typical T2 hyperintense signal secondary to high-water content within the extracellular matrix of the hyaline cartilage are useful imaging features that narrow the differential diagnosis and help in diagnosing these diseases. This article presents a narrative review of the anatomy of the head and neck cartilaginous structures, discusses the current knowledge and imaging spectrum of benign and malignant cartilaginous tumors and tumor-like lesions of the head and neck.

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Masuda, Muneyuki, Fumihide Rikimaru, Satoshi Toh, and Yuichiro Higaki. "Transmanubrial Approach for Removing a Head and Neck Tumor Located at the Upper Lateral Mediastinum." Biomedicine Hub 2, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484685.

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Background: When a head and neck tumor invades the upper lateral mediastinum, the transmanubrial approach (TMA), in which the sternoclavicular joint is temporary mobilized and replaced back to the physiological position, appears to be an excellent method. However, there have been only a few reports about the application of this approach to head and neck tumors. Materials and Methods: We recently adopted this technique for the removal of 2 head and neck tumors that required handling of the subclavian and innominate veins around the venus angle. Results: We could safely remove the tumors under good surgical view and obtained excellent cosmetic and functional results. Conclusions: TMA is a useful technique for the removal of head and neck tumors, which invade the upper lateral mediastinum. More frequent applications of this method are encouraged in combination with head and neck tumor surgery.

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Hanazawa, Toyoyuki. "Biopsy of Head and Neck Tumor." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 104, no. 1 (2011): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.104.82.

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MIKAMI, YASUKAZU, MAMORU TSUKUDA, IZUMI MOCHIMATSU, TOSHIYUKI KOKATSU, TADAYUKI YAGO, SHUJI SAWAKI, and TAKAAKI ITO. "ANGIOGENESIS IN HEAD AND NECK TUMOR." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 96, no. 4 (1993): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.96.645.

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Jumaniyazova, Enar, Anastasiya Lokhonina, Dzhuliia Dzhalilova, Anna Kosyreva, and Timur Fatkhudinov. "Immune Cells in Head-and-Neck Tumor Microenvironments." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091521.

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Head-and-neck cancers constitute a heterogeneous group of aggressive tumors with high incidence and low survival rates, collectively being the sixth most prevalent cancer type globally. About 90% of head-and-neck cancers are classified as squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The innate and adaptive immune systems, indispensable for anti-cancer immune surveillance, largely define the rates of HNSCC emergence and progression. HNSCC microenvironments harbor multiple cell types that infiltrate the tumors and interact both with tumor cells and among themselves. Gradually, tumor cells learn to manipulate the immune system, either by adapting their own immunogenicity or through the release of immunosuppressive molecules. These interactions continuously evolve and shape the tumor microenvironment, both structurally and functionally, facilitating angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. Our understanding of this evolution is directly related to success in the development of advanced therapies. This review focuses on the key mechanisms that rule HNSCC infiltration, featuring particular immune cell types and their roles in the pathogenesis. A close focus on the tumor-immunity interactions will help identify new immunotherapeutic targets in patients with HNSCC.

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Nemec, Stefan Franz, Andreas M. Herneth, and Christian Czerny. "Perineural Tumor Spread in Malignant Head and Neck Tumors." Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 18, no. 6 (December 2007): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rmr.0b013e3181645a0d.

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Ahlawat, Parveen, Sheh Rawat, Anjali Kakria, Manoj Pal, Deepika Chauhan, Ruparna Khurana, and Sarthak Tandon. "Utilization and incorporation of tumor volume data in staging and prognostication of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive radiotherapy: A systematic review." Asian Journal of Oncology 01, no. 01 (January 2015): 021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2454-6798.165089.

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AbstractHead and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) are a group of heterogeneous tumors, evident by their diverse behavior and natural history. The largest diameter of tumor measured for T classification may not necessarily reflect the true tumor dimension. There is a need to take into account certain other feature(s) of these tumors other than the maximum single dimension which can reflect the true tumor burden more accurately. Tumor volume has been shown to be a useful and accurate tool burden because it is a measurement of tumor burden in all three dimensions. This review article has compiled and reviewed the literature published in past on impact of tumor volumes (TVs) on the prognosis of head and neck cancers. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed for terms “clonogens,” “TV” or “primary TV (PTV)” or “nodal volume” or “total TV (TTV)” or “volumetric analysis of TV in head and neck” or “predicting response in head and neck cancer” “prognostic factors head and neck cancers” and “outcome in head and neck cancer.” We identified 33 studies which have commented on the impact of TV in HNSCC on treatment outcome, 9 of these had analyzed PTV, 11 studies had analyzed total nodal volume, and 14 studies have analyzed TTV. Besides these, we have dealt with laryngeal cancers separately with 9 studies. This review article is also aimed to enhance our knowledge further regarding how best a physician can incorporate TV data in staging and predicting response to radiotherapy.

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Hanby, Duncan F., Andrew McWhorter, Eric Wallace, Eugene A. Woltering, Anthony Harton, Kerri B. Santiago, Daniel W. Nuss, and Rohan R. Walvekar. "Nonsinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Case Series and Review of Literature." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 1, no. 2 (2010): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1018.

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Abstract Objective To describe three patients with nonsinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NSNEC) of the head and neck and present a systematic review of literature. Study design Retrospective chart review Methods Three patients with pathologically proven NSNEC of the head-neck who presented to our institution were identified. Relevant demographic, clinic-pathological, and radiological data was recorded. A web-based search was conducted to identify relevant scientific literature on “neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the head and neck” and a systematic review of literature is presented. Results Two female and one male patient aged 44 to 66 years presented to our service with NEC of the supraglottis (2/3), and of the thymus (1/3). Diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining such as Ki-67, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and also with octreotide scanning. The first case, a T4bN0M0 large cell NEC of the thymus with tracheal invasion received conservative airway management and emergent radiotherapy. The second case, moderately differentiated NEC of the supraglottis was managed with a laser supraglottic laryngectomy followed by adjuvant treatment. The third case, a laryngeal NEC was treated with chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions NSNEC of the head and neck are extremely rare tumors with variability in clinical presentation that present challenges in diagnosis and treatment planning. Consideration of the histological subtype and staining characteristics of the individual tumor, accurate diagnosis, and classification of the tumor is vital in order to tailor therapeutic intervention.

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Sawyer, Robert, David L. Webb, and Donald J. Wittich. "Head and Neck Malignant Fibrous Histiocytomas." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 72, no. 4 (April 1993): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139307200414.

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Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head and neck is a rare tumor with less than 50 total cases reported in the literature. Its rarity and complex histopathology combine to make it a difficult diagnosis. Two cases are described. Pathology characteristics are discussed. The traditional treatment of choice is wide surgical excision. Radiation therapy is usually reserved for recurrent, unresectable, or extremely aggressive tumors.

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Petruzzelli, Guy J., Jonas T. Johnson, Carl H. Snyderman, and Eugene N. Myers. "Angiogenesis Induced by Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenografts in the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 102, no. 3 (March 1993): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200309.

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The angiogenic potential of head and neck tumors compared to nonneoplastic control tissues was investigated by using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a bioassay for angiogenesis. Eighty tumor specimens from 10 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were grafted onto the CAM of 7-day chick embryos. The presence of tumor in the original explant was confirmed histologically. Forty-four embryos (55%) survived and were evaluated histologically at day 17. Tumors were growing on or invading the CAM mesoderm in 30 of 44 embryos (68%). Before harvesting of the membranes, the tumors and surrounding blood vessels were photographed, and the angiogenic responses were graded by a panel of blinded observers. Tumor explants elicited a significantly greater angiogenic response than nontumor controls (p = .01). We conclude that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas can induce an angiogenic response in vivo, presumably secondary to the production of an unidentified angiogenic factor, and that the chick embryo CAM is an effective model for quantifying angiogenesis induced by head and neck tumors.

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Lo Faso, Enrico Antonio, Orazio Gambino, and Roberto Pirrone. "Head–Neck Cancer Delineation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062721.

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Head–Neck Cancer (HNC) has a relevant impact on the oncology patient population and for this reason, the present review is dedicated to this type of neoplastic disease. In particular, a collection of methods aimed at tumor delineation is presented, because this is a fundamental task to perform efficient radiotherapy. Such a segmentation task is often performed on uni-modal data (usually Positron Emission Tomography (PET)) even though multi-modal images are preferred (PET-Computerized Tomography (CT)/PET-Magnetic Resonance (MR)). Datasets can be private or freely provided by online repositories on the web. The adopted techniques can belong to the well-known image processing/computer-vision algorithms or the newest deep learning/artificial intelligence approaches. All these aspects are analyzed in the present review and comparison among various approaches is performed. From the present review, the authors draw the conclusion that despite the encouraging results of computerized approaches, their performance is far from handmade tumor delineation result.

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H G, Vinay, Ramesh Reddy G, Shwetha R Chandra, and Merin Mary. "Masson’s tumor of the neck: A rare case report." Journal of Clinical Surgery and Research 2, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-2757/019.

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Masson’s tumor is a rare, benign, vascular lesion, commonly affecting the head, neck and peripheries. It is usually asymptomatic and can be confused with malignant tumors. We report a 56-year-old male who presented with a solitary swelling in the right side of neck which was clinically diagnosed as a benign cystic lesion, hence complete excision of the lesion was done. Histopathology demonstrated the papillary proliferation of endothelial cells, in favour of Masson’s tumor.

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Mandell-Brown, Mark, Jonas T. Johnson, Bruce S. Rabin, Ellen Hamill, and Robin L. Wagner. "Neck Node Immunoreactivity in Head and Neck Carcinoma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 95, no. 4 (November 1986): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609500414.

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T-lymphocyte subpopulations were quantitated in lymph nodes that contained metastatic tumor—or no metastasis—from patients who had squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. In addition, the lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood were quantitated. The content of prostaglandin E2 within each node that was evaluated was also determined. Lymph nodes containing metastatic tumor had significantly higher helper/suppressor ratio than lymph nodes that were not involved. Quantification of the T-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood did not indicate the presence of metastatic disease. Significantly more prostaglandin E2 was present in lymph nodes containing metastatic disease, in comparison to lymph nodes without metastatic disease. Thus, both the lymphocyte subpopulations and prostaglandin levels were found to differentiate lymph nodes with metastasis from those without.

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Miyazawa, M., Z. Dong, Z. Zhang, K. G. Neiva, M. M. Cordeiro, D. T. Oliveira, and J. E. Nör. "Effect of PTK/ZK on the Angiogenic Switch in Head and Neck Tumors." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 12 (December 2008): 1166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808701213.

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Transformation of small avascular masses of tumor cells into rapidly progressive cancers is triggered by the angiogenic switch, a process that involves vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We have shown that VEGF enhances the survival and angiogenic potential of endothelial cells by activating the Bcl-2-CXCL8 signaling axis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a small-molecule inhibitor of VEGF receptors (PTK/ZK) on the initial stages of head and neck tumor angiogenesis. In vitro, PTK/ZK blocked head and neck tumor cell (OSCC3 or UM-SCC-17B)-induced Bcl-2 and CXCL8 expression in endothelial cells. Oral administration of PTK/ZK decreased xenograft head and neck tumor microvessel density, and inhibited Bcl-2 and CXCL8 expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells. Analysis of these data demonstrates that PTK/ZK blocks downstream targets of VEGF signaling in endothelial cells, and suggests that PTK/ZK may inhibit the angiogenic switch in head and neck tumors. Abbreviations: HDMEC, human dermal microvascular endothelial cells; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; CXCL8, CXC ligand-8; PTK/ZK, PTK787/ZK222584.

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Nawroz-Danish, H. Myra, Wayne M. Koch, William H. Westra, George Yoo, and David Sidransky. "Lack of BRCA2 alterations in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 119, no. 1 (July 1998): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70168-8.

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We previously demonstrated that loss of 13q occurred in greater than 50% of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Although the minimal region of loss at 13q14.1–14.3 included the Rb1 gene, Rb1 inactivation was found to be rare. To further investigate possible targets of 13q loss in head and neck cancer, 32 primary tumors were fine mapped by microsatellite analysis with the use of 10 new markers spanning the minimal region. Twenty-one (66%) of 32 tumors displayed loss of heterozygosity and once again the minimal region of loss was confirmed to be 13q14.1–14.3. In addition to 6 monosomies, 11 tumors had regions of loss that either selectively deleted (one tumor) or stretched into the BRCA2 region 13q12–13 (10 tumors). Therefore we pursued investigation of the BRCA2 gene by a coupled transcription and translation assay of its largest exon (exon 11; 4932 base pairs) to detect functional truncations indicative of mutation in 37 primary head and neck tumors with 13q loss. These tumors included 17 of the 32 tumors recently analyzed and 20 other tumors with 13q loss from a previous study. Additionally, we performed the transcription and translation assay on five head and neck cancer cell lines. We found no alterations in exon 11 of the BRCA2 gene in any of the tumors or cell lines suggesting that perhaps another tumor suppressor gene on 13q is involved in head and neck cancer. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 119:21–5.)

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Gandour-Edwards, Regina, Bruce J. Trock, Paul Gumerlock, and Paul J. Donald. "Heat Shock Protein and p53 Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 5 (May 1998): 610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989811800508.

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BACKGROUND: Heat shock proteins have been associated with the mutant form of the tumor suppressor gene, TP53, and with resistance to cancer chemotherapy. METHODS: Archival tissues from 50 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who received primary surgical resection were examined for p53, HSP27, and HSP70 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with tumor stage, grade, and 5-year survival (alive or deceased). RESULTS: Both heat shock proteins were strongly expressed in normal mucosa and in small (T1 and T2) tumors. Thirty (60%) of tumors were positive for p53, 43 (86%) for HSP27, and 34 (68%) for HSP70, with no association between p53 and heat shock protein expression. Twenty-five patients were alive (4 with disease), and 25 patients were deceased (9 from other causes). p53 Protein overexpression correlated with low-grade tumors. Only primary tumor site (i.e., oral cavity > larynx > oropharynx/base of tongue) and N stage were significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Heat shock proteins are expressed in normal upper respiratory tract squamous mucosa, and their role in carcinoma remains unclear. None of the markers, p53, HSP27, or HSP70, demonstrated prognostic significance for 5-year survival. We confirm the recognized association of cervical lymph node metastases with decreased survival. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:610–5.)

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OKUNO, Tetsuji. "Surgical Neuroangiography of Head and Neck Tumor." Japanese jornal of Head and Neck Cancer 15, no. 2 (1989): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5981/jjhnc1974.15.2_12.

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Saito, Hitoshi, Hiroshi Takenaka, and Taisuke Kurokawa. "Chemotherapy in malignant head and neck tumor." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 78, no. 10 (1985): 2031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.2031.

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Yamashita, Taku. "Tumor Markers in Head and Neck Cancer." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 110, no. 2 (2017): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.110.65.

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Sarioglu, Sulen, Nilhan Akbulut, Selen Iplikci, Barbaros Aydin, Ersoy Dogan, Mehtat Unlu, Hulya Ellidokuz, Emel Ada, Fadime Akman, and Ahmet Omer Ikiz. "Tumor deposits in head and neck carcinomas." Head & Neck 38, S1 (August 21, 2015): E256—E260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.23981.

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Wang, Cheng-Ping, Yih-Leong Chang, Jenq-Yuh Ko, Chia-Hsien Cheng, Chun-Fong Yeh, and Pei-Jen Lou. "Desmoid tumor of the head and neck." Head & Neck 28, no. 11 (2006): 1008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.20467.

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Duffis, E. Jesus, Chirag D. Gandhi, Charles Joseph Prestigiacomo, Todd Abruzzo, Felipe Albuquerque, Ketan R. Bulsara, Colin P. Derdeyn, et al. "Head, neck, and brain tumor embolization guidelines." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 4, no. 4 (April 26, 2012): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010350.

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Koscielny, Sven, Bernd Br�uer, and Gerhard F�rster. "Hemangiopericytoma: a rare head and neck tumor." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 260, no. 8 (September 1, 2003): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-003-0625-8.

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Milroy, Christopher M., Kenneth O. Devaney, Alfio Ferlito, and Alessandra Rinaldo. "Role of DNA Measurements of Head and Neck Tumors." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 9 (September 1997): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600919.

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The measurement of DNA ploidy has been used as a tool to try to determine the prognosis of many neoplasms. DNA ploidy can be determined by flow cytometry or image analysis of a tumor. In squamous carcinomas of the head and neck, a poorer prognosis has been associated with nondiploid tumors. Similar results have been obtained from studies of salivary gland neoplasms. The role of DNA ploidy as a provider of independent information has yet to be determined. With rarer head and neck tumors, measurement of tumor ploidy has yet to be established as a valuable adjunct to routine light microscopic study.

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Manikhas, G. M., Svetlana I. Kutukova, N. P. Beliak, G. A. Raskin, A. I. Yaremenko, Yu V. Ivaskova, T. S. Ermakova, and S. S. Bozhor. "Immunological microenvironment in the clinical outcome of some solid tumors." Russian Journal of Oncology 21, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1028-9984-2015-21-1-55-59.

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In our clinical research we studied levels of neutrophils, eosinophils and CD8 T-lymphocytes in stroma and microenvironment of the gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (33 patients: 15 with adenocarcinoma and 18 - with head and neck carcinoma). In gastric or colorectal adenocarcinoma expression of neutrophils directly correlates with regional lymph nodes involving, expression of CD8 has inversely correlation with differentiation of the tumor. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma neutrophils expression inversely correlates with keratinization, CD8 expression has inversely correlation with the size of primary tumor and stage, and has direct correlation with keratinization. This study allows to draw a conclusion about heterogeneity of solid tumors depending on immunology of microenvironment, moreover squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck is more “immunocompetent” structure. Correlation analysis revealed prognostic and predictive value of immunological microenvironment, because showed impact of expression of CD8, neutrophils and eosinophils on clinical outcome of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

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Haughey, Bruce H., Cynthia L. Arfken, George A. Gates, and Joseph Harvey. "Meta-Analysis of Second Malignant Tumors in Head and Neck Cancer: The Case for an Endoscopic Screening Protocol." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 2 (February 1992): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949210100201.

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A meta-analysis was performed on data from the Washington University Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Tumor Registry and 24 studies reporting synchronous and metachronous malignancies in head and neck cancer patients. The overall second malignant tumor (second primary) prevalence was 14.2% in 40,287 patients, the majority of tumors being metachronous. Site relationships between index tumors and second primaries revealed significantly high risks along the digestive tract axis or the respiratory tract axis, although lung second primaries were prevalent in all groups. Head and neck second primaries were the largest group, being significantly more common in the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx than in the larynx. Oral cavity index tumors showed the highest overall rate of second primary formation. Half of all aerodigestive tract second primaries are detected by 2 years from index tumor presentation, but non-aerodigestive tract tumors are common beyond 5 years. A significantly higher detection rate was proven for the prospective panendoscopy studies. We recommend routine interval endoscopic intervention within 2 years of treatment for optimum detection of second primaries in head and neck cancer patients. Also, a lifetime of clinical surveillance is suggested for aerodigestive tract second neoplasms in oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx cancer patients and for lung and non-aerodigestive tract neoplasms in larynx cancer patients.

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ZHENG, YING, QIAOYA LIN, HONGLIN JIN, JUAN CHEN, and ZHIHONG ZHANG. "VISUALIZATION OF HEAD AND NECK CANCER MODELS WITH A TRIPLE FUSION REPORTER GENE." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 05, no. 04 (October 2012): 1250028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545812500289.

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The development of experimental animal models for head and neck tumors generally rely on the bioluminescence imaging to achieve the dynamic monitoring of the tumor growth and metastasis due to the complicated anatomical structures. Since the bioluminescence imaging is largely affected by the intracellular luciferase expression level and external D-luciferin concentrations, its imaging accuracy requires further confirmation. Here, a new triple fusion reporter gene, which consists of a herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene for radioactive imaging, a far-red fluorescent protein (mLumin) gene for fluorescent imaging, and a firefly luciferase gene for bioluminescence imaging, was introduced for in vivo observation of the head and neck tumors through multi-modality imaging. Results show that fluorescence and bioluminescence signals from mLumin and luciferase, respectively, were clearly observed in tumor cells, and TK could activate suicide pathway of the cells in the presence of nucleotide analog-ganciclovir (GCV), demonstrating the effectiveness of individual functions of each gene. Moreover, subcutaneous and metastasis animal models for head and neck tumors using the fusion reporter gene-expressing cell lines were established, allowing multi-modality imaging in vivo. Together, the established tumor models of head and neck cancer based on the newly developed triple fusion reporter gene are ideal for monitoring tumor growth, assessing the drug therapeutic efficacy and verifying the effectiveness of new treatments.

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Kamran, Mudassar, Adam N. Wallace, and Amole Adewumi. "Interventional Management of Head and Neck Tumors." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 37, no. 02 (May 14, 2020): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709157.

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AbstractAdvancements in medical imaging and device technology allow minimal invasive procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders. For the management of tumors in head and neck region, these image-guided interventions play essential role in the often used multidisciplinary approach. Tissue sampling under ultrasound or computed tomography guidance is generally the first step to reach a pathological diagnosis. For head and neck tumors with high vascularity, embolization using particulate matter, liquid embolic agents, or coils is used to achieve successful tumor resection with minimal blood loss. Hemorrhage related to head and neck tumors can be evaluated and managed with endovascular techniques with minimal morbidity and mortality. Intra-arterial chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and cryotherapy are new techniques for the management of advanced head and neck cancer which may serve as an alternative to achieve locoregional control and survival when curative resection may not be feasible.

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Vargas, Hannah, Jason Mouzakes, Sheila S. Purdy, Arthur S. Cohn, and Steven M. Parnes. "Follicular dendritic cell tumor: An aggressive head and neck tumor." American Journal of Otolaryngology 23, no. 2 (March 2002): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajot.2002.30781.

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Dunst, Jürgen, Peter Stadler, Axel Becker, Christine Lautenschläger, Tanja Pelz, Gabriele Hänsgen, Michael Molls, and Thomas Kuhnt. "Tumor Volume and Tumor Hypoxia in Head and Neck Cancers." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 179, no. 8 (August 2003): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-003-1066-4.

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Dolezel, Martin, Marek Slavik, Tomas Blazek, Tomas Kazda, Pavel Koranda, Lucia Veverkova, Petr Burkon, and Jakub Cvek. "FMISO-Based Adaptive Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081245.

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Concurrent chemoradiotherapy represents one of the most used strategies in the curative treatment of patients with head and neck (HNC) cancer. Locoregional failure is the predominant recurrence pattern. Tumor hypoxia belongs to the main cause of treatment failure. Positron emission tomography (PET) using hypoxia radiotracers has been studied extensively and has proven its feasibility and reproducibility to detect tumor hypoxia. A number of studies confirmed that the uptake of FMISO in the recurrent region is significantly higher than that in the non-recurrent region. The escalation of dose to hypoxic tumors may improve outcomes. The technical feasibility of optimizing radiotherapeutic plans has been well documented. To define the hypoxic tumour volume, there are two main approaches: dose painting by contour (DPBC) or by number (DPBN) based on PET images. Despite amazing technological advances, precision in target coverage, and surrounding tissue sparring, radiation oncology is still not considered a targeted treatment if the “one dose fits all” approach is used. Using FMISO and other hypoxia tracers may be an important step for individualizing radiation treatment and together with future radiomic principles and a possible genome-based adjusting dose, will move radiation oncology into the precise and personalized era.

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Surucu, Murat, Karan K. Shah, John C. Roeske, Mehee Choi, William Small, and Bahman Emami. "Adaptive Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 16, no. 2 (August 19, 2016): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034616662165.

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Objective: To investigate the effects of adaptive radiotherapy on dosimetric, clinical, and toxicity outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Methods: Fifty-one patients with advanced head and neck cancer underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy with the original plan optimized to deliver 70.2 Gy. All patients were resimulated at a median dose of 37.8 Gy (range, 27.0-48.6 Gy) due to changes in tumor volume and/or patient weight loss (>15% from baseline). Thirty-four patients underwent adaptive replanning for their boost planning (21.6 Gy). The dosimetric effects of the adaptive plan were compared to the original plan and the original plan copied on rescan computed tomography. Acute and late toxicities and tumor local control were assessed. Gross tumor volume reduction rate was calculated. Results: With adaptive replanning, the maximum dose to the spinal cord, brain stem, mean ipsilateral, and contralateral parotid had a median reduction of −4.5%, −3.0%, −6.2%, and −2.5%, respectively (median of 34 patients). Median gross tumor volume and boost planning target volume coverage improved by 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. With a median follow-up time of 17.6 months, median disease-free survival and overall survival was 14.8 and 21.1 months, respectively. Median tumor volume reduction rate was 35.2%. For patients with tumor volume reduction rate ≤35.2%, median disease-free survival was 8.7 months, whereas it was 16.9 months for tumor volume reduction rate >35.2%. Four patients had residual disease after chemoradiotherapy, whereas 64.7% (20 of 34) of patients achieved locoregional control. Conclusion: Implementation of adaptive radiotherapy in head and neck cancer offers benefits including improvement in tumor coverage and decrease in dose to organs at risk. The tumor volume reduction rate during treatment was significantly correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival.

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Lee, Ji Eun, Hyun Sook Hong, Kee-Hyun Chang, Hee Kyung Kim, and Jisang Park. "Solitary fibrous tumor of the post-styloid parapharyngeal space." Acta Radiologica Short Reports 3, no. 6 (July 1, 2014): 204798161453615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047981614536158.

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Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a well-known tumor composed of spindle cells found most commonly in the pleura. Recently, accounts of their rare occurrence at other sites, including the head and neck area, have been reported. The parapharyngeal space is a rare location even for head and neck SFTs, and thus, could be confused with a variety of other tumors that can originate in this area. Here, we report a case of SFT originating from the post-styloid parapharyngeal space and discuss the possible differential diagnosis on radiographic findings.

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Cheung, Laurene S., Lingling Chen, Teniola F. Oke, Thomas B. Schaffer, Karim Boudadi, Jillian T. Ngo, John McMahon Gross, et al. "Anti-PD-1 elicits regression of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas with UV-mutation signatures." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 6 (June 2021): e002345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-002345.

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Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), an aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma of adults, has been characterized by low tumor mutational burden (TMB) and high copy number alterations. Clinical trials of programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade in UPS have reported widely varying efficacy. We describe two patients with recurrent scalp UPS that experienced clinical benefit from PD-1 blockade. These tumors had high TMB with a UV-induced mutational pattern. Analysis of additional head and neck UPS cases identified five out of seven tumors with high TMB and an ultraviolet (UV) mutational signature. Head and neck UPS tumors also had increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration as compared with UPS tumors arising from other sites. In summary, we found that UPS tumors of the head and neck, but not elsewhere, have a PD-L1+, T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment and high TMB, suggesting that these tumors represent a distinct genetic subgroup of UPS for which immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy might be effective.

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Al-Nuaimi, Dalya S. A., Khudair J. Al-Rawaq, Ali G. M. Noori, and Marwa A. N. Fattah. "Acute xerostomia in head and neck radiotherapy." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190757.

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Background: Xerostomia is a common complaint experienced with radiotherapy to the head and neck and it is caused by salivary glands dysfunction. Methods: Xerostomia is a common complaint experienced with radiotherapy to the head and neck and it is caused by salivary glands dysfunction. Results: The mean age was 51.69±13.7 years; 67% were men and 33% were women. Nasopharyngeal tumor and larynx cancer were the common tumors diagnosed (29% and 28% respectively), 78% of the tumors were squamous cell carcinoma and 53% of them in stage III. Most patients didn’t take chemotherapy during radiotherapy (90%), while 68% of them have previously received chemotherapy. The mean dose of radiotherapy used was 63.2±9.65 Gray. Post radiotherapy, the highest proportion diagnosed with xerostomia grade I (37%), while 21% of them were free of xerostomia. Female, negative past medical history, site, stage and dose of radiation were associated factors that increased prevalence of xerostomia. Conclusions: After radiotherapy, there is a high chance for developing xerostomia. Females, negative past medical history, advanced stage of tumor, high dose of radiation and site of tumor (oral, nasopharyngeal, and parotid) were significantly associated factors. Tumor site was a significant factor associated with the grade of xerostomia.

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Figures, Mindy R., Jessie Wobb, Koji Araki, Tingyan Liu, Lei Xu, Hanjing Zhu, Bert W. O'Malley, and Daqing Li. "Head and Neck Squamous cell Carcinoma Targeted Chemosensitization." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 141, no. 2 (August 2009): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.04.024.

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OBJECTIVE: The current treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma continues to result in poor outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the benefit of fibroblast growth factor 2-targeted adenovirus-mediated mutant-Rad50 (FGF2-Ad-Rad50) gene transfer in enhancing chemosensitization for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and reducing chemotoxicity. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled laboratory study. SETTING: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor cells and a mouse model with human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were used for this study. There were five mice in each study group. FGF2-fab' molecule was conjugated with an adenoviral mutant-Rad50 construct. FGF2-targeted transgene expression efficiency was evaluated in vitro. Tumor cytotoxicity and growth inhibition were examined after combined FGF2-Ad-Rad50 with cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo. Anti-tumor mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS: FGF2-targeted gene transfer approach significantly improved transgene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor cells over a nontargeted approach (207.51 ± 33.62 vs 51.44 ± 8.28, respectively). FGF2-Ad-Rad50 with cisplatin demonstrated a superior tumor suppression effect (264.5 ± 124.1 mm 3 vs 567.1 ± 267.6 mm 3 ), increased DNA double-strand breaks (1349 ± 51.67 vs 774 ± 28.56), and anti-angiogenesis (%ROI: 0.76% ± 0.38% vs 2.10% ± 1.66%) in tumor cells over nontargeted adenovirus. CONCLUSION: Combination of FGF2-Ad-Rad50 with cisplatin significantly improves anti-tumor effect by targeting DNA repair systems and tumor angiogenesis. The great benefit of this strategy supports clinical trial for novel treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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Amble, Finn R., Kerry D. Olsen, Antonio G. Nascimento, and Robert L. Foote. "Head and Neck Synovial Cell Sarcoma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 107, no. 5 (November 1992): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210700504.

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Our experience with 14 patients treated for synovial cell sarcoma during the past 30 years is described. These tumors were manifested in young people whose ages ranged from 12 to 43 years. The diagnosis of synovial cell sarcoma proved difficult because approximately one third of the patients initially received incorrect pathologic diagnoses. A painless neck mass was the most common presenting symptom. Initial treatment included surgical excision in five patients and surgical excision and radiation therapy in nine. Recurrent or metastatic tumor occurred from 4 months to 62 months later; thus, long-term followup is important. Four of the nine patients who were followed more than 5 years died of their disease. Favorable prognostic findings included early diagnosis and the performance of wide surgical removal. (Otolaryngol head neck surg 1992;107:631.)

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Sturgis, Erich M., Peter G. Sacks, Hideo Masui, John Mendelsohn, and Stimson P. Schantz. "Effects of Antiepidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody 528 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Head and Neck Cancer." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 111, no. 5 (November 1994): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989411100515.

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Antibodies directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor may impede proliferation and induce differentiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of monoclonal antibody 528 directed against epidermal growth factor receptor on the proliferation and differentiation of monolayer cells and multicellular tumor spheroids from three head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (1483, MDA 686Ln, and MDA 886Ln) and the epidermal growth factor—responsive vulvar carcinoma A431. All head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines were shown to express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor by Scatchard analyses. Epidermal growth factor inhibited the growth of monolayer cells but stimulated the growth of 886 and A431 multicellular tumor spheroids. Epidermal growth factor modulated the differentiation of A431 and 686 with respect to involucrin immunohistochemistry and cornified envelope competency. Monoclonal antibody 528 directed against epidermal growth factor receptor Inhibited cellular proliferation as measured by cell number, thymidine incorporation, and multicellular tumor spheroid volume. A mild promotion of differentiation was observed in the epidermal growth factor—responsive cells. In conclusion, monoclonal antibody 528 directed against epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells bearing high levels of epidermal growth factor receptors and promotes differentiation in some tumors. The use of a multicellular tumor spheroid model to evaluate growth factor responsiveness and inhibition of proliferation may more accurately reflect in vivo tumor growth than monolayer cells. Antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor may prove effective in modulating disease progression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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Stubbs, Vanessa C., Samantha Jaffe, Karthik Rajasekaran, Steven B. Cannady, Rabie M. Shanti, John Y. K. Lee, and Jason G. Newman. "Intraoperative Imaging with Second Window Indocyanine Green for Head and Neck Lesions and Regional Metastasis." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819847152.

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While optical imaging with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye has been used in oncologic surgery, its use in the head and neck has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using NIR to visualize primary tumor and regional metastasis in head and neck malignancy. Patients undergoing resection of primary head and neck tumors were included in this pilot study. Each patient was injected with indocyanine green dye (ICG) the day prior to surgery. The VisionSense Iridium camera system was used to visualize the primary lesion, its margins, and neck dissection specimen intraoperatively. Fourteen patients were enrolled. Eighty-six percent of primary tumors showed fluorescence as compared with surrounding tissues. ICG positivity showed 100% sensitivity for pathologic nodes in 7 neck dissection specimens; however, for 3 patients, nonpathologic nodes also showed ICG positivity. NIR imaging with ICG dye can be considered for intraoperative imaging of head and neck lesions.

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Bullock, Martin J., Jonathan J. Beitler, Diane L. Carlson, Isabel Fonseca, Jennifer L. Hunt, Nora Katabi, Philip Sloan, S. Mark Taylor, Michelle D. Williams, and Lester D. R. Thompson. "Data Set for the Reporting of Nodal Excisions and Neck Dissection Specimens for Head and Neck Tumors: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 143, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0421-sa.

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Standardized, synoptic pathologic reporting for tumors greatly improves communication among clinicians, patients, and researchers, supporting prognostication and comparison about patient outcomes across institutions and countries. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to develop evidence-based, universally available surgical pathology reporting data sets. Within the head and neck region, lymph node excisions and neck dissections are frequently performed as part of the management of head and neck cancers arising from the mucosal sites (sinonasal tract, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, oral cavity, and larynx) along with bone tumors, skin cancers, melanomas, and other tumor categories. The type of specimen, exact location (lymph node level), laterality, and orientation (by suture or diagram) are essential to accurate classification. There are significant staging differences for each anatomic site within the head and neck when lymph node sampling is considered, most importantly related to human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal carcinomas and mucosal melanomas. Number, size, and site of affected lymph nodes, including guidelines on determining the size of tumor deposits and the presence of extranodal extension and soft tissue metastasis, are presented in the context of prognostication. This review elaborates on each of the elements included in the data set for Nodal Excisions and Neck Dissection Specimens for Head & Neck Tumours.

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Wadhera, Raman, Usha Sehrawat, Sharad Hernot, Pawan Kumar Gahlawat, and Aman Jakhar. "A Peripheral Primitive Neuro-ectodermal Tumor (pPNET) of Larynx." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 26, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2018.v26i1.160.

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Introduction Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are malignant tumors comprised of small round cells of neuro-ectodermal origin that affect soft tissue and bone. Though the occurrence of pPNETs in the head and neck region is rare, these are aggressive malignant tumors, and long-term survival rates following diagnosis remain poor. Case Report In the present case, a tumour was located in larynx (as globular/cystic mass of epiglottis) of the patient and was diagnosed as pPNET. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that tumor cells were positive for CD99 and NSE, focally positive for EMA but negative for synaptophysin and chromogranin. The mass was surgically excised with negative margins. In post op period patient was planned for post-op chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion pPNETs are very rare in head and neck region. Significant advances in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens, as well as improved facility in diagnosing these tumors through cytogenetic and immunohistochemical analysis improves the long-term disease-free survival.

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Wax, Mark K., K. John Yun, and Rawhi A. Omar. "Extramedullary Plasmacytomas of the Head and Neck." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, no. 5 (November 1993): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900517.

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Extramedullary plasmacytomas are solitary tumors consisting of neoplastic plasma cell proliferations that occur in locations other than bone. On initial presentation they must be differentiated from multiple myeloma. This may prove to be difficult because a varying percentage may be associated at a later date with the development of multiple myeloma. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas represent up to 4% of nonepithelial lesions of the upper respiratory tract. From 1970 to 1990, at West Virginia University Hospitals, seven patients with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma were identified. In four of these patients the tumor was located in the head and neck, with one tumor located in each of the following sites: temporoparietal scalp, maxillary sinus, nasopharynx, and cervical region. One patient had extensive destruction of the temporal bone, with extension intracranially to the middle cranial fossa. No patient had multiple myeloma, nor did any develop. Diagnosis was based on a combination of histology along with special immunoperoxidase staining for Ig lambda and kappa light chains. This will be demonstrated and discussed. Treatment consisted of radiotherapy in three cases, with doses ranging from 3175 to 6000 rad. One patient, treated with surgical excision, experienced a relapse at a distant site 6 years later. All patients have maintained local control and have been followed for a minimum of 1 1/2 years, with an average of 3 years. We describe our experience with these tumors and present a pertinent review of the literature. While these tumors may present as aggressive locally destructive lesions, their management should be as organ-sparing as possible because excellent control can be achieved in the majority of cases. Patients should be followed for life because multiple myeloma may develop in a significant number.

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Al-Mowali, Abeer A., Hayder S. Hashim, Sawsan S. Al-Haroon, Ahmed M. Al-Abbasi, and Suadad A. Al-Nakshabandi. "Malignant Head and Neck Tumors in Basrah: A Clinicopathological Study." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2376.

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Malignant tumors of the head and neck exhibit a wide range of histological characteristics and involve multiple locations, therefore considered as a diverse collection of site-specific malignancies. The aim of the study was to evaluate key clinicopathological characteristics of head and neck malignancies in Basrah. In this retrospective study, the histopathological reports of 564 cases with head and neck malignancies were diagnosed in Basrah from 2012 to 2017. All of the cases were analyzed according to the patient's age and gender, as well as the location and histological type of the tumor. The patients' mean age of presentation was 46.45 ±20.75 SD, with about two third of the cases at or over 40 years of age and about 53.19% of cases were males. About 11.52% of the patients were in the age of children and adolescents. Head and neck lymph nodes were the most frequent site (30.67%) involved by malignant tumors, followed by the thyroid gland (20.21%), skin and soft tissues (12.77%), larynx (10.82%) and oral cavity (7.8%), respectively, and the most frequent type of malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma. Hence, the study revealed that head and neck malignancies in Basrah are mainly a disease of elderly, with slight male predominance. Head and neck lymph nodes, followed by thyroid gland, skin and soft tissue, larynx and oral cavity, were the commonest sites, respectively, and squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor.

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Chen, Achih H., Edwin H. Moreano, Barry Houston, and Gerry F. Funk. "Chondroid Syringoma of the Head and Neck: Clinical Management and Literature Review." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 75, no. 2 (February 1996): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139607500212.

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This report describes the case of a chondroid syringoma occurring in the nasofacial groove of a 60-year-old woman. This benign, mixed epithelial tumor is infrequently seen by the otolaryngologist—head and neck surgeon, and therefore may not be included in the differential diagnosis of a nodular lesion on the skin of the head and neck. However, the most frequent site of occurrence for these relatively rare cutaneous lesions is the head and neck region. Histologically, these tumors are quite similar to pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland origin, and optimal surgical management similarly requires removal of a cuff of normal tissue, rather than a simple shelling out of the lesion. The clinical presentation, pathology and recommended management of this rare tumor are discussed.

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Jorge, O. Guerrissi, and Pablo Quiroga Juan. "Adnexal carcinomas of the head and neck." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 41, no. 02 (July 2008): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699274.

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ABSTRACTAdnexal carcinomas of the skin are rare and they derive from structures such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Adnexal tumors represent 1-2% of skin cancers. Between 1998 and 2004, eight patients with malignant adnexal tumors of the head and neck were treated in the Plastic Surgery Service in Argerich Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Four (50%) of them had malignant cylindromas, two (25%) had sebaceous carcinoma, and the other two (25%) syringoid eccrine carcinoma. Tumor resection and local flaps were made in all cases. In one case, a radical neck dissection with superficial parotidectomy was performed to treat the metastatic cervical nodes. Local recurrence observed in two cases (25%) was associated with distant metastasis and death of the patients. In other six cases, the survival rate was 75% after five years.

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Martino, Ercole F. N. Di, Bernd Gagel, Oliver Schramm, Payam Maneschi, and Martin Westhofen. "Evaluation of tumor oxygenation by color duplex sonography: A new approach." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 132, no. 5 (May 2005): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.01.033.

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OBJECTIVE: Description of a new noninvasive method for the evaluation of tissue oxygenation in head and neck cancer. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective nonrandomized controlled study in an academic medical center on 20 patients with neck metastases of head and neck cancer. Metastases were investigated using color duplex sonography and pO2 histography. The vascularization in sonography was quantitatively evaluated by color pixel density and compared to the pO2 values of the same nodes. RESULTS: The correlation between vascularization and flow velocity was 0.71. For the mean/median pO2-values and for the pO2 readings < 10.0 mmHg correlations were r = 0.65/0.76 and 0.71. CONCLUSION: This sonographic method allows a safe and reliable evaluation of oxygenation in metastases of head and neck cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The new approach is an alternative to pO2 histography and may play a future role in the planning of radiotherapy in the neck. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132:765-9.)

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Clapé-Laffita, Oneyda, María V. Perrand-Roberts, Milagros Domecq-Salmon, Maryenis Rodríguez-Alfaro, and Maritza Cebreco-Sardina. "Seguridad del nimotuzumab luego de ensayos clínicos en tumores epiteliales de cabeza y cuello." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres20.958_9.3.324.

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Context: Immunotherapy, by directing the immune response against tumor cells, complements the oncological therapy along with conventional treatments. Thus, the monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab blocks the binding of epidermal growth factor to its receptor, interfering with cell proliferation in epithelial tumors, such as those of the head and neck. Aims: To evaluate the safety of nimotuzumab after concluded the clinical trials in epithelial tumors of the head and neck, analyzing the relation with the therapeutic compliance for the patients. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out, characterizing nine patients with epithelial tumors of the head and neck, who continued to use nimotuzumab after concluding clinical trials; and evaluating adverse effects according to severity, intensity, causality, and frequency, thus establishing the safety of this medicine. The compliance of nimotuzumab therapy was analyzed, by reviewing the administration intervals to the received doses. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: In the studied sample men predominated (eight patients: 88.89%), without significance differences in age and race. All were diagnostic with epidermal carcinomas, predominated the good differentiated (six patients: 66.67%). Five adverse effects were detected in two old patients (all not serious, light or moderate, and possible or probable, occasional or frequent), evaluating to nimotuzumab as safe medication. There was inadequate therapeutic compliance to treatment, not relation with the presented adverse effects. Conclusions: Nimotuzumab represented a safe drug after concluded the clinical trials in patients with epithelial tumors of the head and neck, without relation with the existed inadequate therapeutic compliance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Head and Neck tumor'

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