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Journal articles on the topic 'Head and neck radiotherapy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

MASUD, AHMAD IJAZ, QAISER MAHMOOD, and NASREEN SIDDIQUE. "UNRESECTABLE HEAD AND NECK CARCINOMAS." Professional Medical Journal 14, no. 01 (March 10, 2007): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2007.14.01.3634.

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Introduction: Cancers of the head and neck are estimated to be the most prevalent cancers in the world. Data from various cancer centers of Pakistan reveal that epithelial head and neck cancer is one of the most frequent cancers varying from 12 to 25% of the total new patients seenannually. Objectives: To see the effect of concomitant chemo-radiotherapy on the survival of patient, to assess the toxicity of different treatment arms and the effect of age, sex and bulk or tumour on survival and compare the literature. Setting: Radiotherapy Department, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Duration: 2 years. Material and Methods: Sample Size: 200 patients. Results: Out of 130 patients, 83 were males and theremaining 47 were females. The male to female ratio being 1.8:1. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 52 years, range being 22-80 years. The patients of head and neck cancer in the trial had different sites of involvement. In the trial the patients presented with various symptoms such as pain, swelling, ulcer, bleeding, dysphagia, dyspnea, hoarseness of voice and nasal obstruction etc. No patient had early stage disease. All the patients in the trial had the experience of nausea and vomiting, it was more marked in patients having radiotherapy; either alone or in concomitant with chemotherapy. The patients having concomitant chemo-radiotherapy i.e. group-C also had diarrhoea as a side effect. The effect on the liver function test was more pronounced in patients of group-A. The renal function was seen to alter more in patients receiving chemotherapy with cisplatin, whether as induction or as a concomitant to radiotherapy. Conclusion: Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced, unresectable head and neck carcinoma is statistically superior to induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and the standard radiotherapy alone.

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2

Zhang, Yongde, Zhikang Yang, Jingang Jiang, Xuesong Dai, Peiwang Qin, Shijie Guo, and Sihao Zuo. "Design Analysis and Experimental Study of Robotic Chair for Proton Heavy Ion Radiotherapy." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (December 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6410941.

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Proton heavy ion radiotherapy is widely used and currently represents the most advanced radiotherapy technology. However, at present, proton heavy ion radiotherapy chairs in fixed beam radiotherapy rooms do not have a head and neck positioning function. This paper presents a novel design for a proton heavy ion radiotherapy chair with a head and neck positioning device. The design of the posture adjustment mechanism and the head and neck positioning device of the treatment chair is based on U-TRIZ theory and ergonomics, respectively. A positive kinematic analysis of the posture adjusting mechanism was carried out, as well as a workspace analysis of the head and neck positioning device. Finally, positioning error experiment and ergonomic evaluation were performed on a prototype of the head and neck positioning device. The proposed design of the treatment chair satisfies the requirements for posture adjustment and achieves the head and neck positioning function. The experimental results also provide a basis for further optimization of the design.

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3

Armugram, Nindra, and Krishna Kadarlab. "Toxicities and Outcome of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Vs 2D Conformal Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers." Indian Journal of Cancer Education and Research 5, no. 2 (2017): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijcer.2321.9815.5217.2.

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4

Chandra, Ade, Sukri Rahman, Al Hafiz, Eva Decroli, and Hafni Bachtiar. "Pengaruh Radioterapi Terhadap Kadar TSH dan T4 pada Pasien Tumor Ganas Kepala dan Leher." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 48, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v48i2.238.

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Latar belakang: Tumor ganas kepala dan leher adalah tumor ganas yang berasal dari epitel traktus aerodigestif atas. Radioterapi adalah salah satu modalitas talaksana pada tumor ganas kepala dan leher. Kelenjar tiroid akan terpapar radioterapi selanjutnya merangsang terjadinya kelainan pada kelenjar tiroid. Hipotiroid merupakan efek samping yang paling umum terjadi akibat radioterapi. Diagnosis hipotiroid ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu didapatkan peningkatan TSH dan penurunan T4. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh radioterapi terhadap kadar TSH dan T4 pasien tumor ganas kepala dan leher di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang. Metode: Analitik cross sectional dengan desian pre and post test only pada 10 responden tumor ganas kepala dan leher. Sampel berupa darah vena yang dihitung kadar TSH dan T4 menggunakan alat Vidas 3. Data dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil analisis statistik dinyatakan bermakna bila didapatkan hasil p<0,05. Hasil: Nilai rerata kadar TSH sebelum dan setelah radioterapi didapatkan 0,57 ± 0,512 µIU/ml. Nilai rerata kadar T4 sebelum dan setelah radioterapi didapatkan 0,721 ± 0,508 µg/dL. Uji t bepasangan didapatkan peningkatan rerata kadar TSH setelah radioterapi dengan p = 0,004 yang menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna rerata kadar TSH setelah radioterapi dan didapatkan penurunan rerata kadar T4 setelah radioterapi dengan p = 0,001 yang menunjukkan penurunan bermakna rerata kadar T4 setelah radioterapi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan bermakna rerata kadar TSH serta penurunan rerata kadar T4 sebelum dan setelah radioterapi pada pasien tumor ganas kepala dan leher walau belum melewati nilai normal.ABSTARCTBackground: Head and neck cancers are malignancies that originate from upper aerodigestive tract epithelium. Radiotherapy is one of the modalities treatments for head and neck cancer. Thyroid glands which exposed by radiotherapy, furthermore can induce abnormalities. Hypothyroid is a most common abnormality that occur after radiotherapy. Diagnosis hypothyroidism can be established through laboratory examination that is obtained an increased levels of TSH and decreased levels of T4. Purpose: To determine effect radiotherapy on levels of TSH and T4 in patients with head and neck cancer in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang. Methods: Cross sectional analytic study with pre and post test only on 10 respondents with head and neck cancer. Samples taken from venous blood then TSH and T4 were counted with Vidas 3. Data was analyzed with paired t-test. The statistical result was significant with p<0,05. Result: Mean value of TSH before and after radiotherapy is 0,57 ± 0,512 µUI/ml. Mean value of T4 before and after radiotherapy is 0,721 ± 0,508 µg/dL. From paired t-test resulted an increase of TSH mean value after radiotheraphy with p = 0,004 which implies a significant enhancement of TSH mean value after radiotheraphy and decreasing T4 mean value after radiotheraphy with p = 0,001 which implies a significant deflation of T4 mean value after radiotheraphy. Conclusions: There was significant enhancement of TSH mean and significant deflation of T4 mean value before and after radiotherapy on patients with head and neck cancer even still within normal value. Keywords: Radiotheraphy, TSH, T4, head and neck cancer.

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5

Ang, K. Kian, and William A. Brock. "Radiotherapy for head and neck neoplasms." Current Opinion in Oncology 5, no. 3 (May 1993): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-199305000-00011.

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6

Yeh, Shyh-An. "Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 24, no. 02 (May 2010): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255330.

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7

Mendenhall, William M., and Robert J. Amdur. "Radiotherapy for head and neck paragangliomas." Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 27, no. 1 (March 2016): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2015.12.011.

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8

Bernier, J. "Radiotherapy in head and neck cancer." European Journal of Cancer 35 (September 1999): S224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81304-5.

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9

Mali, Shrikant Balasaheb. "Stereotactic radiotherapy for head neck cancer." Oral Oncology 51, no. 4 (April 2015): e19-e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.12.010.

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10

Morgan, D. A. L. "Radiotherapy in head and neck cancer." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 11 (November 1997): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100139222.

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Mali, Shrikant Balasaheb. "Adaptive Radiotherapy for Head Neck Cancer." Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 15, no. 4 (February 22, 2016): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12663-016-0881-y.

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12

Schwartz, D. L., and A. S. Garden. "Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer." Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 20, no. 2 (April 2006): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2006.02.001.

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13

Bharatha, Aditya, Eugene Yu, Sean P. Symons, and Eric S. Bartlett. "Pictorial Essay: Early- and Late-term Effects of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Imaging." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 63, no. 2 (May 2012): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2010.09.004.

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The purpose of this article is to illustrate the cross-sectional imaging appearance of postradiation changes and complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck. Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for head and neck cancer, and is often used in conjunction with chemotherapy. Recognition of the varied effects of radiotherapy to the head and neck region is essential to correctly interpret posttreatment imaging and may help prevent further complication.

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14

Kumar .V, Vinay. "SALIVARY ANTIOXIDANT STATUS FOLLOWING RADIOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 7, no. 3.2 (August 5, 2019): 6793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2019.227.

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15

Murthy, Vedang, Sayan Kundu, Tanweer Shahid, Ashwini Budrukkar, Tejpal Gupta, Sarbani Ghosh Laskar, and Jaiprakash Agarwal. "Postoperative Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 2, no. 1 (2010): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1016.

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Abstract Though early stage head and neck cancers can be cured either by surgery or radiation, patients with locally advanced disease continues to pose a therapeutic challenge. Locoregional failure is the major cause of death in head and neck cancers. As the outcome of locally advanced head and neck cancer is less than promising, a combined modality approach is generally undertaken in this group of patients. The combination of surgery, radiation and more recently, chemotherapy and targeted therapy can improve outcomes in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients. This overview discusses the rationale and role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in advanced head and neck cancers, the radiotherapy technique in brief and methods of enhancing the efficacy of postoperative RT by altering the fractionation schedules and adding chemotherapy and targeted therapy.

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DOKIYA, TAKUSHI. "Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer. : Economy in Radiotherapy." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 52, no. 6 (1996): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001354449.

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17

Nutting, C. "Radiotherapy in head and neck cancer management: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, S2 (May 2016): S66—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116000463.

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AbstractThis is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. Radiotherapy is one of the key treatment modalities used in head and neck cancer management. This paper summarises the current role and some of the recent advances in radiotherapy in head and neck cancer management.

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Scepanovic, Danijela, Nada Bajic, and Jovan Babic. "Activity of combined gemcitabine therapy on treatment of planocellular carcinoma: A pilot study." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 2 (2004): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0402109s.

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BACKGROUND: Drug-orientated, pilot study was conducted to estimate the activity of gemcitabine on treatment of head and neck and lung planocellular carcinoma in combination with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. METHODS There were 22 patients treated with gemcitabine for planocellular carcinoma of head and neck (9 patients) and lung (13 patients). Combined gemcitabine-radiotherapy was applied in 10 patients while gemcitabine-chemotherapy in 12 patients. Eligible and evaluable patients (22) were with either locally advanced (14 patients) or metastatic (8 patients) stage of the disease. In gemcitabine-radiotherapy group, gemcitabine was given IV, 1000 mg/ m2, on day 1, 8, and 15 during the radiotherapy course as radiopotentiator (65 Gy in 32 fractions for head and neck, and 55 Gy in 20 fractions, split course one month for lung cancer patients). In gemcitabine-chemotherapy group the same dose of gemcitabine was given (4-week schedule) in combination with platinum based cytotoxic drugs. We analyzed response rate and toxicity. RESULTS: Among patients treated for head and neck planocellular carcinoma, there were 67% complete responders while there was 15% complete responders treated for lung cancer. Also, 80% of patients treated in gemcitabine-radiotherapy group had complete response while 50% of those treated in gemc- itabine-chemotherapy group. Actuarial survival as function of tumor control was 52% for lung and 88% for head and neck cancer 12 months after the initiation of treatment. In gemcitabine-radiotherapy group of patients treated for head and neck carcinoma, the radiation mucositis grade III was observed in 80% while in gemcitabine - chemotherapy group of patients the most common side effect (60% of patients) was neutropenia grade II (40%)/III (20%). CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference regarding response rate between two groups of patients (head and neck vs. lung cancer, and gemcitabine- radiotherapy vs. gemcitabine - chemotherapy). However, better clinical results were achieved for head and neck cancer patients, particularly in gemcitabine - radiotherapy group but with significant toxicity due to high gemcitabine dose.

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Yeh, Tzu-Lin, Cheng-Tzu Hsieh, Hsin-Yin Hsu, Ming-Chieh Tsai, Chia-Chun Wang, Chuan-Yi Lin, Bo-Yu Hsiao, et al. "The Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Head and Neck Cancer Patients and Those Who Were Treated with Radiotherapy: A Population-Based Cohort Study." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 31, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0753.

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Abstract Background: To investigate the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of stroke in patients with head and neck cancer and their relationship to radiotherapy. Methods: Patients with head and neck cancer ages 20–85 years were enrolled from 2007 to 2016 using the Taiwan Cancer Registry. The study endpoint was fatal and non-fatal ischemic stroke, ascertained by the National Health Insurance Research Database. Age- and sex-adjusted SIRs, categorized by 10-year age standardization, were used to compare the patients with head and neck cancer with a randomly selected 2,000,000 general population. We compared the risk of stroke in patients with head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy or surgery alone. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from Cox regression analysis with competing risk. Results: Among 41,266 patients (mean age, 54.1 years; men, 90.6%) in the median follow-up period of 3.9 years, 1,407 strokes occurred. Compared with the general population, the overall SIR of stroke was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.30–1.44) in patients with head and neck cancer. In patients with head and neck cancer, the fully adjusted HR of stroke in those who received radiotherapy was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.83–1.10), compared with those who received surgery alone. Conclusions: Patients with head and neck cancer had a higher risk of fatal or non-fatal ischemic stroke. The risk of stroke was not higher in patients initially treated with radiotherapy. Impact: Oncologists should emphasize stroke prevention in all patients with head and neck cancer, not only in those who received radiotherapy.

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Dautremont, J. F., M. K. Brake, G. Thompson, J. Trites, R. D. Hart, and S. M. Taylor. "Planned Neck Dissection Following Radiation Treatment for Head and Neck Malignancy." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/954203.

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Introduction. Optimal therapy for patients with metastatic neck disease remains controversial. Neck dissection following radiotherapy has traditionally been used to improve locoregional control.Methods. A retrospective review of 28 patients with node-positive head and neck malignancy treated with planned neck dissection following radiotherapy between January 2002 and December 2005 was performed to assess treatment outcomes.Results. Median interval to neck dissection was 9.6 weeks with a median number of 21 + 9 lymph nodes per specimen. Ten of 31 (32%) neck dissection specimens demonstrated evidence of residual carcinoma. Overall survival at two years was 85%; five-year overall survival was 65%. Concurrent chemotherapy did not impact the presence of residual neck disease.Conclusion. Based on the frequency of residual malignancy in the neck of patients treated with primary radiotherapy, a planned, postradiotherapy neck dissection should be strongly advocated for all patients with advanced-stage neck disease.

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MOŞOIU, Anca Ruxandra, Alina Lavinia OANCEA, Roxana Mihaela MATEI, Marian STAMATE, Cristian Radu POPESCU, and Şerban Vifor Gabriel BERTEŞTEANU. "Therapeutic approach of cervical lymph nodes metastases of squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary tumors." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2015.1.3.

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Cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma from occult primary constitute about 3-5% of all patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP). Identification of subgroups with favorable prognosis is of decisive importance for the therapy of patients with CUP syndrome, including prolonged survival from directed treatment. The patients with neck node metastases from occult head and neck cancer have clinical features and prognosis similar to other head and neck malignancies. Treatment of patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma involving cervical lymph nodes of an unknown primary origin should be similar to that of patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. Therapeutic approaches include surgery (lymph node excision or neck dissection), with or without post-operative radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy followed by surgery. In early stages (N1), neck dissection and radiotherapy seem to have similar efficacy, whereas more advanced cases (N2, N3) necessitate combined approaches. The extent of radiotherapy (irradiation of bilateral neck and mucosa versus ipsilateral neck radiotherapy) remains debatable. A potential benefit from extensive radiotherapy should be weighted against its acute and late morbidity and difficulties in re-irradiation in the case of subsequent primary emergence. The role of other methods, such as chemotherapy and hyperthermia, remains to be determined.

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Spiotto, Michael T., Susan L. McGovern, G. Brandon Gunn, David Grosshans, Mary Frances McAleer, Steven J. Frank, and Arnold C. Paulino. "Proton Radiotherapy to Reduce Late Complications in Childhood Head and Neck Cancers." International Journal of Particle Therapy 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14338/ijpt-20-00069.1.

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Abstract In most childhood head and neck cancers, radiotherapy is an essential component of treatment; however, it can be associated with problematic long-term complications. Proton beam therapy is accepted as a preferred radiation modality in pediatric cancers to minimize the late radiation side effects. Given that childhood cancers are a rare and heterogeneous disease, the support for proton therapy comes from risk modeling and a limited number of cohort series. Here, we discuss the role of proton radiotherapy in pediatric head and neck cancers with a focus on reducing radiation toxicities. First, we compare the efficacy and expected toxicities in proton and photon radiotherapy for childhood cancers. Second, we review the benefit of proton radiotherapy in reducing acute and late radiation toxicities, including risks for secondary cancers, craniofacial development, vision, and cognition. Finally, we review the cost effectiveness for proton radiotherapy in pediatric head and neck cancers. This review highlights the benefits of particle radiotherapy for pediatric head and neck cancers to improve the quality of life in cancer survivors, to reduce radiation morbidities, and to maximize efficient health care use.

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Thalhammer, Christoph, Marc Husmann, Christoph Glanzmann, Gabriela Studer, and Beatrice R. Amann-Vesti. "Carotid artery disease after head and neck radiotherapy." Vasa 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000403.

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Radiation induced atherosclerosis of the carotid artery is a clinically relevant late complication after head and neck radiotherapy. Improved long-term survival after multimodality therapy in neck malignancies result in an increased risk of carotid artery disease in patients after radiotherapy (RT). This review focuses on the current knowledge of occlusive carotid disease after head and neck radiotherapy and highlights the exceeding morphologic post-radiation vessel wall pathologies. More severe and extensive carotid artery atherosclerosis with plaque in all segments including the common carotid artery is a frequent finding after RT. Therefore, colour coded duplex ultrasound surveillance in patients after head and neck RT is recommended. Some histopathological studies indicate differences to classical atherosclerosis, and pathogenesis of chronic radiation vasculopathy is still under discussion.

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Vissink, A., J. Jansma, F. K. L. Spijkervet, F. R. Burlage, and R. P. Coppes. "Oral Sequelae of Head and Neck Radiotherapy." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 14, no. 3 (May 2003): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154411130301400305.

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In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.

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Patkar, Deepak, Malini Lawande, and Rama Yanamandala. "Imaging in Head and Neck Cancers." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 2, no. 1 (2010): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1013.

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Abstract This article reviews the role of imaging, imaging characteristics and significance of individual imaging modalities as well as the newer imaging modalities in the evaluation of head and neck cancer. In the pretreatment evaluation, imaging is performed primarily to determine the stage of tumor and to look for an occult primary. It helps in obtaining tissue samples to establish the diagnosis, and treatment planning if radiotherapy is considered. Postsurgery and radiotherapy changes can be differentiated from residual or recurrent pathology on imaging. Imaging also plays an important role in assessing the response to treatment.

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V, Vinay Kumar, Sachin KS, and Vishak R. "BUCCAL MUCOSAL DNA DAMAGE FOLLOWING RADIOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, no. 3.3 (September 5, 2018): 5593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.220.

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Chan, Sor W., Bickol N. Mukesh, and Andrew Sizeland. "Treatment outcome of N3 nodal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 129, no. 1 (July 2003): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59980300477-7.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment outcome of N3 nodal disease. STUDY DESIGN: A single institution retrospective nonrandomized study was conducted. A total of 53 patients with primary presentation of squamous cell carcinomas from various head and neck sites from 1980 to 1994 were recruited for this study. Eight patients with nasopharyngeal cancers who underwent treatment with palliative intent were excluded from the study. Treatment options were broadly divided into 4 treatment categories; postoperative radiotherapy; preoperative radiotherapy; surgery alone; and chemotherapy pre- or postoperatively with or without radiotherapy. RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 63 years (SD = 8.2); 93% were men. Median follow-up period was 12 months (range, 5 to 184 months). Of the 45 N3 patients, 21 patients had a recurrence in the neck after treatment, with 1 in the contralateral neck. The overall rates of control in the neck at 1, 3, and 5 years were 73.1%, 34.6%, and 26.9%, respectively. The 1, 3, and 5-year neck control rates for each main group were 92.3%, 46.1%, and 46.1% with postoperative radiotherapy; 66.7%, 33.3%, and 11.1% with preoperative radiotherapy and 33.3%, 0%, and 0% with surgery alone. Overall survival rates at 1,3, and 5-years were 52.8%, 25%, and 22.2%. Survival rates in those who received radiotherapy were better than those who only had surgery. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher for those who had postoperative radiotherapy (38.9%) compared with patients who had preoperative radiotherapy (9.1%) and surgery alone (0%). CONCLUSION: Our treatment outcomes, particularly those in the group receiving postoperative radiotherapy, were similar to other studies. The prognosis of N3 neck disease was poor but improved with radiotherapy, particularly postoperative radiotherapy. The role of definitive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and salvage surgery is difficult to evaluate as the results are inconsistent and the available data are limited. Future studies in particular with quality of life assessment are needed to evaluate the management of N3 head and neck cancer.

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Al-Nuaimi, Dalya S. A., Khudair J. Al-Rawaq, Ali G. M. Noori, and Marwa A. N. Fattah. "Acute xerostomia in head and neck radiotherapy." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190757.

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<p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Background:</strong> <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Xerostomia is a common complaint experienced with radiotherapy to the head and neck and it is caused by salivary glands dysfunction</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;" lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Methods:</strong> <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Xerostomia is a common complaint experienced with radiotherapy to the head and neck and it is caused by salivary glands dysfunction</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-IN">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Results:</strong> The mean age was 51.69±13.7 years; 67% were men and 33% were women. Nasopharyngeal tumor and larynx cancer were the common tumors diagnosed (29% and 28% respectively), 78% of the tumors were squamous cell carcinoma and 53% of them in stage III. Most patients didn’t take chemotherapy during radiotherapy (90%), while 68% of them have previously received chemotherapy. The mean dose of radiotherapy used was 63.2±9.65 Gray. Post radiotherapy, the highest proportion diagnosed with xerostomia grade I (37%), while 21% of them were free of xerostomia. Female, negative past medical history, site, stage and dose of radiation were associated factors that increased prevalence of xerostomia<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conclusions:</strong> After radiotherapy, there is a high chance for developing xerostomia. Females, negative past medical history, advanced stage of tumor, high dose of radiation and site of tumor (oral, nasopharyngeal, and parotid) were significantly associated factors. Tumor site was a significant factor associated with the grade of xerostomia<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

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Patel, Vinod, Laia Humbert-Vidan, Christopher Thomas, Isabel Sassoon, Mark McGurk, Michael Fenlon, and Teresa Guerrero Urbano. "Radiotherapy quadrant doses in oropharyngeal cancer treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy." Faculty Dental Journal 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsfdj.2020.113.

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Dental assessment prior to head and neck radiotherapy (RT) is a mandatory requirement. Treatment recommendations are based on perceived doses to the jaw; however, these are poorly understood. In the pre-RT dental assessment phase, oropharyngeal cancer patients present with more teeth than other head and neck cancer patients. Hence, prior knowledge of likely RT doses specific to the dentition would allow the dental oncologist to provide a patient centred dental treatment plan. Identifying dental regions at risk of osteoradionecrosis from post-radiotherapy events provides invaluable information.

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30

Sheng, Ke, Peng Dong, Archana Gautam, Chee-Wai Cheng, Dan Ruan, Daniel Low, Minsong Cao, Steve Lee, and Patrick Kupelian. "Evolution of Ipsilateral Head and Neck Radiotherapy." Current Cancer Therapy Reviews 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2015): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339471004150407140632.

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31

Hanyu, Nahoko, Katsuyuki Karasawa, and Toshio Mihashi. "Alteredfractionation radiotherapy in head and neck cancer." Toukeibu Gan 33, no. 3 (2007): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5981/jjhnc.33.283.

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32

Mizoe, Jun-etsu. "Particle radiotherapy for head and neck cancer." Toukeibu Gan 34, no. 3 (2008): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5981/jjhnc.34.310.

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33

Russell, Nicola S., and Harry Bartelink. "Optimized radiotherapy for head and neck cancer." Current Opinion in Oncology 4, no. 3 (June 1992): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-199206000-00011.

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34

Bourhis, J., J. Guigay, S. Temam, and J. P. Pignon. "Chemo-radiotherapy in head and neck cancer." Annals of Oncology 17 (September 2006): x38—x41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl233.

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35

Alterio, Daniela, Giulia Marvaso, Annamaria Ferrari, Stefania Volpe, Roberto Orecchia, and Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa. "Modern radiotherapy for head and neck cancer." Seminars in Oncology 46, no. 3 (June 2019): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.07.002.

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36

Henk, J. M. "Head and neck cancer: Surgery or radiotherapy?" Clinical Oncology 10, no. 3 (January 1998): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0936-6555(98)80051-4.

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37

Castadot, Pierre, John A. Lee, Xavier Geets, and Vincent Grégoire. "Adaptive Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer." Seminars in Radiation Oncology 20, no. 2 (April 2010): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2009.11.002.

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38

Lewanski, C. R., J. A. Sinclair, and J. S. W. Stewart. "Lhermitte's Sign Following Head and Neck Radiotherapy." Clinical Oncology 12, no. 2 (April 2000): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/clon.2000.9125.

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39

Henry, O., A. Simon, J. Castelli, J. P. Manens, C. Lafond, E. Chajon, G. Louvel, M. Nassef, and R. de Crevoisier. "Adaptative radiotherapy in head and neck cancers." Physica Medica 29 (June 2013): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.08.006.

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40

Popotte, C., F. Coste, S. Garcia-Molina, E. Reygagne-Viera, and A. Garcia. "Adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck tumors." Physica Medica 44 (December 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.123.

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41

Cabrera, Alvin R., David S. Yoo, and David M. Brizel. "Contemporary Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer." Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America 22, no. 3 (July 2013): 579–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soc.2013.02.001.

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42

Gupta, Deepak, Tejinder Kataria, Trinanjan Basu, Shikha Goyal, Shyam S. Bisht, Ashu Abhishke, Anurita Srivastava, Rahul Patil, Kushal Narang, and Vikash Kumar. "Adapive radiotherapy in head and neck cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2015): e17002-e17002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e17002.

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43

Surucu, Murat, Karan K. Shah, John C. Roeske, Mehee Choi, William Small, and Bahman Emami. "Adaptive Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 16, no. 2 (August 19, 2016): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034616662165.

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Objective: To investigate the effects of adaptive radiotherapy on dosimetric, clinical, and toxicity outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Methods: Fifty-one patients with advanced head and neck cancer underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy with the original plan optimized to deliver 70.2 Gy. All patients were resimulated at a median dose of 37.8 Gy (range, 27.0-48.6 Gy) due to changes in tumor volume and/or patient weight loss (>15% from baseline). Thirty-four patients underwent adaptive replanning for their boost planning (21.6 Gy). The dosimetric effects of the adaptive plan were compared to the original plan and the original plan copied on rescan computed tomography. Acute and late toxicities and tumor local control were assessed. Gross tumor volume reduction rate was calculated. Results: With adaptive replanning, the maximum dose to the spinal cord, brain stem, mean ipsilateral, and contralateral parotid had a median reduction of −4.5%, −3.0%, −6.2%, and −2.5%, respectively (median of 34 patients). Median gross tumor volume and boost planning target volume coverage improved by 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. With a median follow-up time of 17.6 months, median disease-free survival and overall survival was 14.8 and 21.1 months, respectively. Median tumor volume reduction rate was 35.2%. For patients with tumor volume reduction rate ≤35.2%, median disease-free survival was 8.7 months, whereas it was 16.9 months for tumor volume reduction rate >35.2%. Four patients had residual disease after chemoradiotherapy, whereas 64.7% (20 of 34) of patients achieved locoregional control. Conclusion: Implementation of adaptive radiotherapy in head and neck cancer offers benefits including improvement in tumor coverage and decrease in dose to organs at risk. The tumor volume reduction rate during treatment was significantly correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival.

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Mendenhall, William M., Christopher G. Morris, Robert J. Amdur, Kathryn E. Hitchcock, Natalie L. Silver, and Peter T. Dziegielewski. "Radiotherapy for benign head and neck paragangliomas." Head & Neck 41, no. 7 (February 19, 2019): 2107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.25664.

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45

Van Daele, Douglas J., Eileen M. Finnegan, Robert L. Rodnitzky, Weining Zhen, Timothy M. McCulloch, and Henry T. Hoffman. "Head and Neck Muscle Spasm After Radiotherapy." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 128, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.128.8.956.

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46

Castelli, J., A. Simon, C. Lafond, N. Perichon, B. Rigaud, E. Chajon, B. De Bari, M. Ozsahin, J. Bourhis, and R. de Crevoisier. "Adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer." Acta Oncologica 57, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 1284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0284186x.2018.1505053.

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47

Lewanski, C. R., J. A. Sinclair, and J. S. W. Stewart. "Lhermitte’s Sign Following Head and Neck Radiotherapy." Clinical Oncology 12, no. 2 (April 2000): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001740050119.

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48

Kaanders, Johannes H. A. M., Terence J. Fleming, K. Kian Ang, Moshe H. Maor, and Lester J. Peters. "Devices valuable in head and neck radiotherapy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 23, no. 3 (January 1992): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(92)90023-b.

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49

Freeman, S. B., R. C. Hamaker, M. I. Singer, N. Pugh, P. Garrett, and D. Ross. "Intraoperative Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 116, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1990.01870020041011.

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50

Voon, Noor Shatirah, Hanani Abdul Manan, and Noorazrul Yahya. "Cognitive Decline following Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of MRI Correlates." Cancers 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 6191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246191.

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Radiotherapy for head and neck cancers exposes small parts of the brain to radiation, resulting in radiation-induced changes in cerebral tissue. In this review, we determine the correlation between cognitive deterioration in patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases in February 2021. Studies of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and periodical cognitive and MRI assessments were included. Meta-analysis was performed to analyse the correlation of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores to MRI structural and functional changes. Seven studies with a total of 404 subjects (irradiated head and neck patients, n = 344; healthy control, n = 60) were included. Most studies showed the significance of MRI in detecting microstructural and functional changes in association with neurocognitive function. The changes were seen in various brain areas, predominantly the temporal region, which also shows dose dependency (6/7 studies). An effect size (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) was reported on the correlation of MoCA scores to MRI structural and functional changes with significant correlations shown among patients treated with head and neck radiotherapy. However, the effect size appears modest.

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