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1
Bredenfeld, Henning, Elena Gilman, Beate Pfistner, Volker Diehl, and Andreas Engert. "A Comparison of Outcome and Second Malignancies in Adolescents and Adult Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL). Results from the German Hodgkin Study Group." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2670.2670.
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Abstract Introduction: Whether adolescent (alc) patients with HL represent a distinct patient group, requiring a therapy strategy separated from adults, is currently focussed in international debates. Most study groups are treating adult (ad) patients (pts) (age > 18 years) apart from younger patients (age < 18 years), considering a difference in treatment related toxicity and therapy outcome in both patient groups. Between 1988 and 1998, the GHSG trial generations 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) included younger patients from the age of 15 (G2), and 16 (G3), in identically therapy regimen with adults up to 65, and 75 years. The trials for early stages HD were comparing radiation therapy (RX) arms only (HD4, recruited 1988–1993), and, RX vs 2 cycles polychemotherapy plus RX (HD7, 1993–1998). Intermediate stages HD received 2 cycles of different chemotherapy regimen plus identically RX (HD5, 1988–1993), and, 2 identically cycles of chemotherapy plus different RX (HD8, 1993–1998). Advanced stages HL were treated with either 4 cycles conventional polychemotherapy plus EF, or, 4 cycles of a hybrid regimen plus EF RX (HD6, 1988–1993); the following trial (HD9, 1993–1998) compared 3 arms of different polychemotherapy followed by RX on bulky disease. Methods: In G2 and G3, a total of 573 adolescents (15–21 yrs) in early, intermediate, and advanced stages HL were compared with 4917 pts (15–75 yrs) for complete remission rate (CR), 5 yrs survival rate (SV), 5 yrs freedom from treatment failure (FFTF), and, secondary neoplasias (2nd NPL). (table 1) Conclusion: Based on this large analysis of HL patients treated in prospectively randomized trials, the prognosis of patients aged 15–21 years is rather similar to the prognosis of adult patients. A more detailed evaluation including age-adapted prognosis will be presented. Results: Adolescents /Adults CR % 5 yrs FFTF % 5 yrs SV % Alc Ad Alc Ad Alc Ad Early stages HD4 97.7 97.3 81.6 80.5 97.6 95.1 HD7 93.3 94.3 82.0 83.3 100 94.1 Intermediate stages HD5 93.5 93.4 83.3 81.7 94.3 90.5 HD8 93.8 92.6 84.5 82.7 97.3 91.3 Advanced stages HD6 77.8 77.0 61.0 58.8 85.3 78.6 HD9 93.5 90.3 85.8 79.2 92.4 88.0
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Latif, Najibah A., Anika Zafiah M. Rus, and M. Khairul Zaimy A. Ghani. "Effect of Thickness for Sound Absorption of High Density Biopolymer Foams." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.183.
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Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of the study is to develop the high density solid biopolymer (HDB) by using hot compression moulding technique based on flexible and rigid crosslinking agents. Physical properties such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density of HDB were examined. The acoustic study of HDB for flexible and rigid has been measured using impedance tube test according ASTM E1050 standard with multiple layers of thicknesses. It was revealed that higher thicknesses of HDB exhibit less sound absorption coefficients. This situation is occurred for both flexible and rigid HDB. The frequency also shifted to the left when the layers of HDB were increased for both materials. The highest increment was 63.46%, observed from two layers from flexible and rigid HDB. For the conclusion, rigid HDB showed that they could absorb more sound, thus having higher noise reduction coefficient (NRC) than flexible HDB at low frequency.
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Latif, Najibah A., Anika Zafiah M. Rus, and M. Khairul Zaimy A. Ghani. "Influence of Hot Compression Moulding of Particulate Biopolymer and their Sandwich Layups for Sound Absorption Characteristic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1044.
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Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of the study is to develop the high density solid biopolymer (HDB) by using hot compression moulding technique based on flexible and rigid crosslinking agents. Physical properties such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density of HDB were examined. The acoustic study of HDB sandwich layups of flexible (F) or rigid (R) has been measured using an impedance tube test according ASTM E1050 standard up to four maximum sandwich lay ups of F and R HDB in different arrangement. It was revealed that the arrangement sandwich layups of FRRF HDB sandwich gives the lowest sound absorption coefficients. The resonance frequency for RFR, FRF and FRRF were shifted to the left except for RFFR. The highest increment was 35.7 %, observed from RFR compared to the three layers of sandwich HDB. For the conclusion, RFR HDB showed that could absorb more sound, thus having higher noise reduction coefficient (NRC) than the other sandwich layups HDB at low frequency.
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Yang, Chao-Feng, Zhi-Hong Yin, Wen-Bin Shangguan, and Xiao-Cheng Duan. "A Study on the Dynamic Performance for Hydraulically Damped Rubber Bushings with Multiple Inertia Tracks and Orifices: Parameter Identification and Modeling." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3695950.
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Hydraulically damped rubber bushings (HDBs) are important for vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance as they are able to decay the vehicle’s oscillation induced by engine and road. The dynamic stiffness and loss angle of an HDB are crucial and it is significant to investigate the relations between the design parameters with the dynamic stiffness and loss angle. Therefore, the force-deflection relation of the HDB is measured statically and the dynamic stiffness and loss angle are measured dynamically and the test data are analyzed with a view to examine how the measurement results are influenced by the design parameters (the number of the fluid tracks). Compared with the results predicted by a nonlinear lumped parameter model whose parameters are extracted by a parameter identification technique, using the model, the effect of the main rubber and the fluid track on the dynamic stiffness and the loss angle is investigated. A unified analytical model of HDB is also developed with the purpose of predicting the static and dynamic characteristics, and the predictions are shown to be well correlated with the measurement data. The good correlation suggests the validity of the model and the parameter identification implementation.
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López-Pérez, Héctor M., Sixto Velarde-Félix, Idalia Enriquez-Verdugo, Rosa Xicotencatl-Palacios, and Soila M. Gaxiola-Camacho. "Adaptación de Mycobacterium smegmatis ante el agotamiento de nutrientes y su efecto en la expresión de esat-6." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 7, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v7i1.4153.
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Cuando los recursos son escasos, las micobacterias detienen su crecimiento para dar paso a los genes de la adaptación. Contrariamente, cuando el crecimiento continúa bajo condiciones de estrés, se activan genes específicos de redes metabólicas para su protección. En este sentido, la proteína codificada por esat-6 (por sus siglas en inglés: early secretory antigenic target, 6 kDa) en Mycobacterium tuberculosis, actúa en la lisis del epitelio alveolar y membranas de los macrófagos para escapar e invadir otras células. Pero puede tener otras funciones, tales como interferir en el contacto célula-célula y transferir su ADN. En M. smegmatis, el sistema ESX-1 (por sus siglas en inglés: Secretion Ejectosoma BOX) facilita la secreción de la proteína ESAT-6, probablemente es sensible a uno o más nutrientes del medio de cultivo. Por lo que en el presente estudio se evalúan las condiciones de cultivo limitantes en nutrientes para el crecimiento de M. smegmatis y su relación con la expresión del gen esat-6. Los medios de cultivos probados fueron Hartmans de Bond medio mínimo (HdB), limitado en carbono (HdB<C), nitrógeno (HdB<N) y fosfato inorgánico (HdB<Pi). M. smegmatis se adapta a HdB medio mínimo, HdB<C y HdB<N y reanuda su actividad metabólica en medio fresco, pero no se expresa esat-6. En HdB<Pi M. smegmatis pierde su capacidad metabólica respecto a la resistencia alcohol-ácido y expresa esat-6. Por lo tanto, se proponen los medios de cultivo probados como modelo para la expresión génica bajo limitación por nutrientes.
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Fitriyanti, Clara S. A., Suharsono Suharsono Suharsono, and Tri Joko Santoso. "Molecular and Phenotypic Analyses of Inpari HDB/K15 F2 Lines Containing sd1 Mutant Gene Resulted from Genome Editing Method." Jurnal AgroBiogen 16, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v16n1.2020.p35-44.
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<p>Inpari HDB variety is resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease, but due to its tall stature, the variety is susceptible to lodging. Inpari HDB with semidwarf stature, therefore, is of high interest for lodging resistant performance. sd1 gene encoding GA20ox-2 enzyme is one of the genes responsible for imparting semidwarf stature of rice. In previous study, sd1 mutant rice cv. Kitaake (K15) was developed by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The objective of this study was to analyze molecularly and phenotypically F2 lines containing sd1 mutant gene resulted from a cross between Inpari HDB and K15 to develop semidwarf<br />Inpari HDB rice variety. Thirty F2 Inpari HDB/K15 lines were analyzed at molecular level using DNA sequencing method together with phenotypic assessment of the lines to verify the integration of sd1 mutant gene. DNA sequencing analysis showed that 9 out of the 30 F2 Inpari HDB/K15 lines were sd1 mutants. The remaining F2 lines contained 17 heterozygotes and 4 nonmutants. All the nine mutant lines demonstrated shorter plant stature and showed more tiller number per plant compared to the nonmutant lines. The sd1 mutant gene in the F2 lines showed pleiotropic effects on panicle number and<br />showed no effects on other traits, such as flowering time, panicle length, filled and unfilled grain percentages. This study showed the introduction of sd1 mutant gene generated semidwarf Inpari HDB lines. The semidwarf Inpari HDB lines obtained from this research should be further evaluated to confirm their lodging resistant performances.</p>
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Alqarni, Mohammed Hamed, Ahmed Ibrahim Foudah, Magdy Mohamed Muharram, Haritium Budurian, and Nikolaos E. Labrou. "Probing the Role of the Conserved Arg174 in Formate Dehydrogenase by Chemical Modification and Site-Directed Mutagenesis." Molecules 26, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051222.
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The reactive adenosine derivative, adenosine 5′-O-[S-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dioxobutyl)]-thiophosphate (AMPS-HDB), contains a dicarbonyl group linked to the purine nucleotide at a position equivalent to the pyrophosphate region of NAD+. AMPS-HDB was used as a chemical label towards Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase (CbFDH). AMPS-HDB reacts covalently with CbFDH, leading to complete inactivation of the enzyme activity. The inactivation kinetics of CbFDH fit the Kitz and Wilson model for time-dependent, irreversible inhibition (KD = 0.66 ± 0.15 mM, first order maximum rate constant k3 = 0.198 ± 0.06 min−1). NAD+ and NADH protects CbFDH from inactivation by AMPS-HDB, showing the specificity of the reaction. Molecular modelling studies revealed Arg174 as a candidate residue able to be modified by the dicarbonyl group of AMPS-HDB. Arg174 is a strictly conserved residue among FDHs and is located at the Rossmann fold, the common mononucleotide-binding motif of dehydrogenases. Arg174 was replaced by Asn, using site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant enzyme CbFDHArg174Asn was showed to be resistant to inactivation by AMPS-HDB, confirming that the guanidinium group of Arg174 is the target for AMPS-HDB. The CbFDHArg174Asn mutant enzyme exhibited substantial reduced affinity for NAD+ and lower thermostability. The results of the study underline the pivotal and multifunctional role of Arg174 in catalysis, coenzyme binding and structural stability of CbFDH.
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Mansi, J., F. da Costa, C. Viner, I. Judson, M. Gore, and D. Cunningham. "High-dose busulfan in patients with myeloma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 10, no. 10 (October 1992): 1569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1992.10.10.1569.
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PURPOSE To evaluate the use of high-dose busulfan (HDB) with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in patients with myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen patients received HDB (16 mg/kg), eight of whom received high-dose melphalan (HDM) but had experienced a short remission or progression-free interval. Two patients had received HDM on two previous occasions, one had no response to low-dose melphalan, and four had impaired renal function (edathamil clearance < 40 mL/min). All patients received induction chemotherapy before HDB. RESULTS Two patients were in complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy before HDB. Of the remaining 13 patients, four (31%) achieved CR and two (15%) achieved a partial remission for an overall response rate of 46%. There were three treatment-related deaths, but the toxicity was otherwise predictable and manageable. CONCLUSIONS In heavily pretreated patients, HDB results in a relatively high response rate. It can also be used safely in patients with renal impairment who are not suitable for HDM.
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Wang, Jian. "A Behavioral Model for Analysis and Intervention of Healthy Dietary Behavior." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 4 (March 12, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n4p57.
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Proper diet is an important way to improve and maintain health, which involves the comprehensive matching of food (category, quantity) and individual (physical fitness, health). Behavior is the key point to achieve this matching. Without behavior change, all cognition and motivations can’t get any tangible health benefits. The aim of this study was to construct a model for analysis and intervention of healthy dietary behavior (HDB). Based on the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM), Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Satter’s hierarchy of food needs, this study abstracted the characteristics of longevity, specificity and uncertainty of Healthy Dietary Behavior, constructed a Healthy Dietary Behavioral Model (HDBM), divided 9 negative behaviors of healthy diet (NBHD), and put forward 9 behavior interventions, which could provide ideas for change and habit formation of HDB.
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Devore, Sasha, Nathaniel Pender-Morris, Owen Dean, David Smith, and Christiane Linster. "Basal forebrain dynamics during nonassociative and associative olfactory learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00572.2015.
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Cholinergic and GABAergic projections from the horizontal diagonal band (HDB) and medial preoptic area (MCPO) of the basal forebrain to the olfactory system are associated with odor discrimination and odor learning, as well as modulation of neural responses in olfactory structures. Whereas pharmacological and lesion studies give insights into the functional role of these modulatory inputs on a slow timescale, the response dynamics of neurons in the HDB/MCPO during olfactory behaviors have not been investigated. In this study we examined how these neurons respond during two olfactory behaviors: spontaneous investigation of odorants and odor-reward association learning. We observe rich heterogeneity in the response dynamics of individual HDB/MCPO neurons, with a substantial fraction of neurons exhibiting task-related modulation. HDB/MCPO neurons show both rapid and transient responses during bouts of odor investigation and slow, long-lasting modulation of overall response rate based on behavioral demands. Specifically, baseline rates were higher during the acquisition phase of an odor-reward association than during spontaneous investigation or the recall phase of an odor reward association. Our results suggest that modulatory projections from the HDB/MCPO are poised to influence olfactory processing on multiple timescales, from hundreds of milliseconds to minutes, and are therefore capable of rapidly setting olfactory network dynamics during odor processing and learning.
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Yang, Lei, Zhen Yi Zhang, Xiao Shan Ning, and Guang He Li. "A Novel Hydroxyapatite Carrier for Enrichment of Hydrocarbon Degradation Bacteria." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1914.
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In this paper, a novel and highly efficient hydroxyapatite (HA) carrier for cultivating hydrocarbon degradation bacteria (HDB) is introduced. The HA particles synthesized through a sol-gel method and different heat treatments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET method. The microbial amount and activities of HDB cultivated on HA carriers were quantitatively investigated in order to assess their enriching capabilities. The results showed that HA synthesized at 550°C and the one without calcination could enrich HDB 3 and 2 magnitude orders more than the activated carbon, respectively. Mechanisms of bacterial enrichment on HA and activated carbon were also studied, and it is believed that the high bioactivity and the surface morphology of HA were responsible for the efficient reproduction of HDB. It is concluded that HA is a potential candidate to replace the conventionally used activated carbon as a novel carrier applied in the filed of bioremediation for oil contaminated soil.
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Weidlich, Tomáš, Barbora Kamenická, Ludvík Beneš, Veronika Čičmancová, Alena Komersová, Jiří Čermák, and Petr Švec. "Cu-Catalyzed Hydrodehalogenation of Brominated Aromatic Pollutants in Aqueous Solution." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060699.
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The catalytic effect of copper in Devarda’s Al-Cu-Zn alloy (Dev. alloy) and sole metallic copper, copper salts and copper oxides in the coaction of NaBH4 within the hydrodehalogenation (HDH) of polybrominated phenols, such as the herbicide Bromoxynil in alkaline aqueous solution has been investigated. Namely, the hydrodebromination (HDB) activity of Dev. alloy/NaOH system has been compared to heterogeneous Cu-based catalysts using NaBH4 as a reductant. Differences in the solid-state structures of used Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts after the mentioned HDB process have been studied using the powder XRD and SEM techniques. It was found that some of the used copper-based catalysts are reusable and reasonably effective even at room temperature. Efficiency of the most promising copper-based reduction systems (Dev. alloy/NaOH and Cu-based catalysts/NaBH4) have been successfully tested within the HDB of industrially important brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Dev. alloy/NaOH and Cu-based catalyst generated in-situ within the CuSO4/NaBH4 produced were recognized as the most active HDB agents for complete debromination of both BRX and TBBPA.
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Fatimah, Fatimah, and Joko Prasetiyono. "PEMANFAATAN PIRAMIDA GEN KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI DALAM MENDUKUNG PERAKITAN VARIETAS UNGGUL PADI Application of Gene Pyramiding For Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight to Develop New Rice Variety." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 39, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v39n1.2020.p11-20.
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<p>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is an important bacterial disease and very destructive to rice plant. BLB decreased rice production from 20%-30% up to 80%. Host-plant resistance is a cost-effective and environmentally safe approach to reduce yield loss. However the development of new rice variety by conventional selection would take several years. The genetic improvement in rice production considered as a vital program in order to ensure national food security. The availability of corresponding molecular marker makes it more precision and efficient by reducing the time required for selection. This present article highlights the molecular approach in breeding for BLB disease resistant rice varieties. In detail, it will be discussed the application of molecular marker assisted backcrossing and pyramiding gene resistance offered breeders to accelerate the rice breeding program for resistance to BLB. The pyramiding of three resistance BLB genes (xa5, Xa7, and Xa21and one gene (Xa4) as a background into two elite indica rice varieties, Ciherang and Inpari 13, was introduced successfully. The combining of conventional breeding, marker assisted backcrossing, disease evaluation, agronomic performance and yield has led the significant resistance of pyramid lines to Xoo Race III, IV and VIII in vegetative and generative phase while their yield potential was maintained (6-7 ton/ha). The current status of Ciherang-HDB and Inpari 13-HDB pyramid lines is the production of nucleoseeds and breeder seeds. This broad spectrum and durable resistance characteristic may help in controlling BLB disease in different region of Indonesia and it will facilitate the rice self-sustainability program.</p><p>Keywords: Rice, gene pyramiding, plant breeding, molecular marker.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman padi karena dapat menurunkan produksi padi rata-rata 20-30% bahkan dapat mencapai 80%. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan cara pengendalian yang paling efektif, ramah lingkungan, dan mudah dilakukan. Namun pengembangan varietas unggul baru melalui seleksi konvensional memerlukan waktu lebih lama. Perbaikan varietas padi perlu terus dikembangkan dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan dan kemandirian pangan nasional. Tersedianya marka molekuler membantu proses pemuliaan tanaman menjadi lebih presisi dan lebih efisien sehingga mengurangi waktu seleksi pada tanaman progeni. Tulisan ini memfokuskan pendekatan molekuler dalam pemuliaan varietas tahan penyakit HDB melalui piramida gen ketahanan untuk mempercepat progam pemuliaan padi tahan penyakit HDB. Kegiatan menggabungkan tiga gen ketahanan (xa5, Xa7, dan Xa21) dan satu gen (Xa4) sebagai background ke dalam padi varietas Ciherang dan Inpari-13 telah berhasil dilakukan. Melalui penggabungan beberapa pendekatan yaitu pemuliaan konvensional dan silang balik berbantu marka, evaluasi penyakit dan keragaan agronomi serta komponen hasil telah menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan yang nyata pada galur-galur piramida Ciherang HDB dan Inpari-13 HDB pada tiga ras Xoo (Ras III, IV, dan VIII), baik pada fase vegetatif maupun generatif dengan potensi hasil tidak berbeda nyata dengan tetuanya (6-7 t/ha). Saat ini sudah diproduksi benih inti (NS) dan benih penjenis (BS) galur-galur piramida Ciherang HDB dan Inpari-13 HDB. Dengan demikian, galur-galur piramida memiliki spektrum yang luas dan mampu bertahan dalam jangka waktu lama sehingga dapat mengontrol penyakit HDB di berbagai wilayah Indonesia dan mendukung target pemerintah untuk mempertahankan swasembada beras secara berkelanjutan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Padi, piramida gen, pemuliaan tanaman, marka molekuler.<br /><br /></p><p> </p>
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Roza, Celvia, N. Usyati, and Cucu Gunarsih. "Keragaman Ketahanan Padi Lokal Jawa, Sumatra, dan Sulawesi terhadap Patogen Hawar Daun Bakteri Patotipe III, IV, dan VIII." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 25, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v25n2.2019.p37-46.
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<p>Hawar Daun Bakteri (HDB) disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), yang merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman padi. Salah satu pengendalian yang efektif yaitu dengan penggunaan varietas tahan. Koleksi aksesi padi local siperlukan unntuk mendukung program perakitan varietas tahan penyakit HDB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman respons ketahanan padi lokal asal Jawa, Sumatra, dan Sulawesi terhadap penyakit HDB, patotipe III,<br />IV, dan VIII. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah seratus aksesi plasma nutfah padi local asal Jawa, Sumatera, Sulawesi dan biakan murni bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Evaluasi ketahanan dilakukan di Rumah Kaca BB Padi Sukamandi pada MT-1/MT-2 tahun 2016. Metode inokulasi dilakukan dengan pengguntingan daun dan skoring ketahanan berdasarkan SES IRRI tahun 2014. Evaluasi pada stadia vegetatif menunjukkan adanya keragaman respons ketahanan terhadap patotipe III (agak rentan−sangat rentan) dan VIII (rentan−sangat rentan). Sedangkan pada stadia generatif terdapat satu aksesi yang bereaksi agak tahan terhadap patotipe III yaitu Padi Terong (7782), yang merupakan aksesi padi lokal asal Jawa Barat. Padi lokal asal Jawa Barat terdeteksi memiliki keragaman respons ketahanan terhadap patogen HDB yang paling beragam.</p>
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Kirouac, G. J., and J. Ciriello. "Cardiovascular responses to glutamate stimulation of diagonal band of Broca." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): H540—H545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.2.h540.
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Experiments were done in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats to investigate the effect of L-glutamate stimulation of the diagonal band of Broca (DBB) on arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR). Stimulation of the horizontal limb of the DBB (hDB) elicited decreases in both mean AP (MAP; -32.3 +/- 2.5 mmHg; n = 37) and HR (-32.5 +/- 3.8 beats/min; n = 33) at 84% of the sites stimulated. Stimulation of the vertical limb of the DBB (vDB) elicited significantly smaller decreases in MAP (-9.7 +/- 1.0 mmHg; n = 19) and HR (-13.5 +/- 1.8 beats/min; n = 7) at approximately 13% of the sites stimulated. Intravenous administration of the muscarinic receptor blocker atropine methylbromide had no effect on the magnitude of the MAP and HR responses to stimulation of the hDB. In contrast, administration of the nicotinic receptor blocker hexamethonium bromide abolished both the depressor and the bradycardic responses elicited by stimulation of the hDB. These data indicate that the hDB contains neurons that exert cardiovascular depressor effects and that these circulatory effects are mediated by the inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers to the vasculature, and cardioacceleratory fibers to the heart.
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Ghani, M. Khairul Zaimy Abd, Anika Zafiah Mohd Rus, and Najibah A. Latif. "Characterization of High Density Solid Waste Biopolymer Foam." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.133.
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Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. Management of such oil is a significant challenge due to the disposal problems and possible contamination of the water and landfills. Thus, paper presented the synthesized of polyol based on waste cooking oil as raw material to produce Bio-foam polymer. The purpose of the study is to develop the High Density solid Biopolymer (HDB) foam by using hot compression moulding technique. The tensile strength and damping characterization shows a good correlation with it density. The maximum tensile strength of HDB is 4.89 MPa with Youngs Modulus of 0.26 GPa. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph, shows two characteristic and classified as a brittle and ductile fracture of granular (shiny) texture or cleavage character with little yielding before the sample breaks. Brittle fracture was characterized by rapid crack propagation and ductile fracture by stress whitening zone meanwhile, the damping characteristics have been studied via vibration test. It is revealed that HDB foam was highly absorbed the vibration frequency up to 19.2% as compared to rigid HDB foam of only 5.7%. Furthermore, the addition of sandwich layer of the vibrational test were revealed unchanged of the amplitude values.
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Linster, Christiane, Bradley P. Wyble, and Michael E. Hasselmo. "Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band of Broca Modulates Population EPSPs in Piriform Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2737.
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Electrical stimulation of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca modulates population EPSPs in piriform cortex. Electrical stimulation of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) was coupled with recording of evoked potentials in the piriform cortex. Stimulation of the HDB caused an enhancement of the late, disynaptic component of the evoked potential elicited by stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract but caused a suppression of the synaptic potential elicited by stimulation of the posterior piriform cortex. The muscarinic antagonist scopolamine blocked both effects of HDB stimulation. The enhancement of disynaptic potentials could be due to cholinergic depolarization of pyramidal cells, whereas the suppression of potentials evoked by posterior piriform stimulation could be due to presynaptic inhibition of intrinsic fiber synaptic transmission by acetylcholine.
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Ellwanger, Dietrich, Gerald Gabriel, Theo Simon, Ulrike Wielandt-Schuster, Reinhard O. Greiling, Eva-Marie Hagedorn, Jürgen Hahne, and Jürgen Heinz. "Long sequence of Quaternary Rocks in the Heidelberg Basin Depocentre." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 3/4 (April 1, 2009): 316–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.3-4.3.
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Abstract. A description and classification of the successions of the new scientific core drillings at Heidelberg is presented. Since 2002 drilling and research activities were ongoing in the Heidelberg Basin (HDB), as a mid-continental sedimentary archive within the Upper Rhine Graben (URG), Germany. The HDB is supposed to host one of the longest continuous successions of Quaternary sediments in Europe, due to continuous subsidence of the basin and sediment input from various sources. The HDB is about half-way between the Alpine source area of the Rhine and the North Sea. Here the Quaternary input is least affected by discontinuities due to climate events as alpine glacier meltdown events or periods of low sea level. Reversely, the low influence of climate leads to a larger tectonic control. The sedimentary succession of more than 500 m is considered as primarily controlled by tectonics, but with incorporated climate signals. For classification purposes, sediment provenance, lithofacies-associations, and the ratio of accommodation space and sediment input are used. Some biostratigraphic markers are also available. We suggest a sedimentary scenario where the overall fluvial environment is twice interrupted by lacustrine intervals. The accommodation space varies too: in one period it expands even beyond the eastern boundary fault of the HDB.
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Suwandi, Iwan, and Thomas Chong. "The HDB experience in office automation." Information Technology for Development 4, no. 2 (June 1989): 535–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.1989.9627161.
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McGurk, Meghan, Stephanie Cacal, Uyen Vu, Tetine Sentell, Toby Beckelman, Jessica Lee, Alyssa Yang, and Catherine Pirkle. "Baseline Assessment of Children’s Meals and Healthy Beverage Options Prior to a State-Level Healthy Default Beverage (HDB) Law." Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living 1, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51250/jheal.v1i2.4.
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In January 2020, Hawai‘i became the second state with a healthy default beverage (HDB) law, requiring restaurants to offer HDBs with their children’s meals. This observational study presents baseline characteristics of restaurants with a children’s menu and meal, and describes pre-law beverage options to inform future HDB policy language, implementation, and evaluation. Between November and December 2019, data were collected from a statewide sample of unique restaurants (n=383) with health inspection permits. Restaurants were assessed separately for a children’s menu and meal using website reviews, telephone calls, and in-person visits. Meals were evaluated in February 2020 for pre-law beverage type and compliance. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of having a children’s menu and meal. Most of the restaurants were full-service (70.2%) and non-chains (67.9%). While 49.3% of restaurants had a children’s menu, only 16.7% had a meal. Significant predictors of having a children’s menu were being full-service (OR=2.09; p=0.004), national/international (OR=5.32; p<0.001) or local chains (OR=1.99; p=0.03), neighbor island (non-Honolulu) locations (OR=2.49; p<0.001), and hotel locations (OR=3.77; p<0.001). Only being a national/international chain significantly predicted having a children’s meal (OR=7.57; p<0.001). Although 35.9% of children’s meals offered a non-sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) option, only 3.1% offered law-compliant beverages. Inclusion of an SSB default option (60.9%) and not specifying the type of default beverage were the predominant factors for pre-law non-compliance. Results support the need for HDB regulations, especially for national/international chains, which were most likely to have children’s meals, and provide data to inform policies in other jurisdictions.
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García Gavilán, María del Carmen, Marina Puya Gamarro, and Estela Soria López. "Sangrado espontáneo del pedículo de un pólipo tratado mediante polipectomia." Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú 40, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.47892/rgp.2020.404.1178.
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La hemorragia digestiva baja (HDB) constituye el 20% de las hemorragias digestivas, siendo sus causas más frecuentes el sangrado diverticular, colitis isquémica/ infecciosa, sangrado post-polipectomía, angiodisplasias o tumores. La mayor parte de las HDB ceden de forma espontánea, aunque en aquellos pacientes con factores de riesgo o persistencia del sangrado, debe plantearse, tras la resucitación hemodinámica, una preparación colónica rápida y la realización de una colonoscopia urgente en las primeras 24 horas de iniciarse el sangrado
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Sun, Xiaodong, Kian K. Sepahvand, and Steffen Marburg. "Stability Analysis of Rotor-Bearing Systems under the Influence of Misalignment and Parameter Uncertainty." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 7918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177918.
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Stability is a well-known challenge for rotating systems supported by hydrodynamic bearings (HDBs), particularly for the condition where the misalignment effect and the parametric uncertainty are considered. This study investigates the impact of misalignment and inherent uncertainties in bearings on the stability of a rotor-bearing system. The misalignment effect is approximately described by introducing two misaligned angles. The characteristics of an HDB, such as pressure distribution and dynamic coefficients, are calculated by the finite difference method (FDM). The stability threshold is evaluated as the intersection of run-up curve and borderline. Viscosity and clearance are considered as uncertain parameters. The generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion is adopted to quantify the uncertainty in parameters by evaluating unknown coefficients. The unknown gPC coefficients are obtained by using the collocation method. The results obtained by the gPC expansion are compared with those of the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The results show that the characteristics of the HDB and the stability threshold are affected by misalignment and parameter uncertainties. As the uncertainty analysis using the gPC expansion is performed on a relatively small number of predefined collocation points compared with the large number of MC samples, the method is very efficient in terms of computation time.
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Tarhini, Ahmad A., John M. Kirkwood, William E. Gooding, Chao Cai, and Sanjiv S. Agarwala. "Durable Complete Responses With High-Dose Bolus Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Who Have Experienced Progression After Biochemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 25 (September 1, 2007): 3802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.10.2822.
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Purpose We conducted a phase II trial of high-dose bolus (HDB) interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with metastatic melanoma who had experienced progression after biochemotherapy (BCT). Patients and Methods Eligible patients had experienced progression on or after BCT (cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, IL-2 9 MU/m2/d for 4 days, and interferon alfa-2b). HDB IL-2 was administered at 600,000 U/kg per dose for a maximum of 14 doses per cycle with a 1-week rest period between cycles. Stable or responding patients were offered an additional course (two cycles) after 6 to 8 weeks. Results Twenty-six patients (12 men and 14 women), age 28 to 70 years (median, 45 years), have been treated. All but three patients received at least two cycles of HDB IL-2; 10 patients received a second course of therapy. Disease stage was American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage M1a (n = 5), M1b (n = 5), and M1c (n = 16). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included hyperbilirubinemia (n = 10), thrombocytopenia (n = 6), oliguria (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 1), infection (n = 2), and neurologic toxicity (n = 2). Overall response rate was 19.2% (four complete responses, lasting 4, 4, 26+, and 41+ months; and one partial response, lasting 3 months). Five patients (19%) had stable disease lasting 1 to 3 months, but all eventually experienced progression. All four complete responders had AJCC stage M1a disease. At a median follow-up time of 10 months, median survival time was 42 weeks (95% CI, 19.1 to 86.6 weeks), and median progression-free survival time was 10 weeks (95% CI, 8 to 16.1 weeks). An initial response to BCT was not found to be predictive for response to HDB IL-2. Conclusion HDB IL-2 is active therapy for patients who experience progression on BCT. This observation has implications regarding the importance of dose-intensity for IL-2 therapy.
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Yuliani, Dini, Rina H. Wening, and NFN Sudir. "Selection Resistance of Rice Germplasm Accessions to Bacterial Leaf Blight." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 20, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v20n2.2014.p65-76.
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<p>Seleksi Ketahanan Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Padi terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri. Dini Yuliani, Rina H. Wening, dan Sudir. Usaha budi daya tanaman padi di Indonesia selalu dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala, di antaranya serangan penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Pengendalian penyakit HDB dengan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu teknik yang murah dan mudah dilakukan oleh petani padi. Aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber tetua untuk perakitan varietas tahan perlu diketahui reaksi ketahanannya terhadap penyakit HDB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi ketahanan aksesi plasma nutfah terhadap penyakit HDB patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi di Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat pada Musim Hujan 2012/2013 dan Musim Kemarau 2013 dengan Rancangan Acak Terpisah. Petak utama adalah tiga patotipe Xoo, yaitu patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Sedangkan anak petak adalah materi yang diuji, yaitu 20 aksesi plasma nutfah dan tiga varietas pembanding. Sebanyak 20 rumpun tanaman per petak diinokulasi Xoo dengan metode pengguntingan. Inokulasi dilakukan pada saat pertanaman menjelang stadium primordia. Ujung-ujung daun digunting sepanjang kira-kira 10 cm dari ujung daun dengan gunting inokulasi yang berisi suspensi bakteri Xoo umur 48 jam dengan kepekatan 108 cfu. Pengamatan keparahan penyakit HDB dilakukan dengan mengukur panjang gejala terpanjang pada umur dua, tiga, dan empat minggu setelah inokulasi. Hasil pengujian ketahanan terhadap HDB patotipe III, IV, dan VIII diperoleh tiga aksesi plasma nutfah yang berasal dari galur isogenik menunjukkan keparahan penyakit HDB tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding tahan Angke pada dua musim tanam. Galur isogenik tersebut, yaitu IRBB 55, IRBB 60, dan IRBB 61. Ketiga galur isogenik tersebut dapat dijadikan tetua tahan dalam perakitan varietas unggul baru tahan HDB.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Rice cultivation in Indonesia has been faced with many obstacles, including the attack of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) that caused by bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Resistant variety was considered as the cheap technique to control BLB disease and could be used by rice farmers. Germplasm accessions as a source to build resistant varieties must be known their resistance to BLB disease. This study aimed at selecting the resistance germplasm accessions to BLB pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java at wet season 2012/2013 and dry season 2013 with Split Plot Design. The main plot was three pathotypes Xoo i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The subplot was 20 germplasm accessions and three check varieties. A total of 20 hills of rice plants per plot were inoculated by Xoo with cutting method. Inoculation was conducted before the primordia stage. Inoculation of bacterial suspension containing Xoo aged 48 hours at a concentration of 108 cfu. Observations BLB disease severity was done by measuring the longest length of symptoms at the age of two, three, and four weeks after inoculation (WAI). The result showed that three germplasm accessions from near isogenic lines were not significantly different with the check varieties (Angke) in their resistance to Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII in two cropping seasons. The isogenic lines were IRBB 55, IRBB 60, and IRBB 61 can be used in the assembly of resistant new varieties to BLB.</p>
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Tatic, Zoran, Novak Stamatovic, Marija Bubalo, Snezana Jancic, Alek Racic, Nikola Mikovic, Natalija Tatic, and Mia Rakic. "Histopathological evaluation of bone regeneration using human resorbable demineralized membrane." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 6 (2010): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1006480t.
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Background/Aim. Filling a bone defect with bone substitution materials is a therapy of choice, but the infiltration of connective tissue from the mucoperiostal flap may compromise a healing of bone substitutions with bony wall defects. Application of membrane as a barrier is indicated as a solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to show a pathohistological view of bone regeneration and the significance of human resorbable demineralized membrane (HRDM), 200 ? thick in bone regeneration regarding mandibular defects in an experiment on dogs. Methods. The experiment was performed on six dogs. Bone defects were created in all six dogs on the right side of the mandible after the elevation of the mucoperiostal flap. One defect was filled with human deproteinised bone (HDB), and in between HDB and soft tissue RHDM of 200 ? thick was placed. In the second defect, used as a control one, only HDB without RHDM was placed. Two dogs were sacrificed two months after the surgery, another two dogs four months after the surgery and the last two dogs six months after the surgery. After that, samples of bone tissue were taken for histopathological analysis. Results. In all the six dogs with defects treated with HDB and RHDM the level of bone regeneration was much higher in comparison with the control defects without RHDM. Conclusion. Membrane, as a cover of bony defect, is useful and benefits bone regeneration. Bony defects covered with RHDM show better bony healing despite the fact that bone regeneration was not fully complete for as long as six months after the RHDM implantation.
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Bedi, Rajneeshkaur K., and Anita M. Thengade. "Purpose-based access control exploits by HDB." International Journal of Computer Applications 1, no. 6 (February 25, 2010): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/137-255.
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Sitnov, Vladimir E., Alexander I. Senchenko, and George A. Fatkin. "Archiving System Software for LIA-20." Vestnik NSU. Series: Information Technologies 18, no. 3 (2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7900-2020-18-3-69-80.
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The control system of the X-ray complex LIA-20 is based on the Tango Controls framework. Data archiving subsystem HDB++ was improved during the work for efficient storage of waveforms. PostgreSQL DBMS support as a storage was added. PostgreSQL extension “pguint” for unsigned numbers support was modified to support the binary transfer mode during this work. Performance testing of the modified “pguint” extension and the new DBMS interface was performed. This solution allowed to significantly increase the performance of HDB++, reduce the amount of data stored in the database, as well as remove restrictions on the size of the stored data.
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Homsi, J., L. C. Kim, D. Goetz, D. Chen, M. Fishman, and A. Daud. "High-dose bolus interleukin-2 in elderly patients (>60 years old) with metastatic melanoma or renal cell cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 19559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19559.
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19559 Background: Although durable complete responses have been reported from using high-dose bolus interleukin-2 (HDB IL-2) in a small number of patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer (RCC), IL-2 toxicity limits its use especially in the elderly. Methods: the medical records of patients older than 60 years old with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma who received HDB IL-2 at the Moffitt Cancer Center between 2000–2005 were reviewed. The effect of increased age, primary diagnosis, and the HDB IL-2 regimen used on the side effects, number of administered doses, and survival was analyzed. Results: 55 cycles were administered to 35 patients (23 RCC, 12 melanoma, 26 men). Median age was 67 years old (range: 61–77). 17 patients received a traditional regimen (one cycle: 600,000 IU/Kg intravenously every 8 hours for 14 doses repeated in 2 weeks, maximum of 28 doses) and 18 received a clinical trial regimen (one cycle: 600,000 IU/Kg intravenously every 8 hours for 5 doses repeated weekly, maximum of 20 doses). Median number of administered cycles was 1 (range 1–4) and median number of total doses was 24 (range 3–79). Increased age was not related to total number of administered doses. Median percentage of IL-2 administered in a cycle was 75% of planned (range 11%-100%). Reasons to discontinue therapy were: oliguria (35%), hypotension (25%), and arrhythmia (15%). Side effects in all cycles were: hypotension (71%), oliguria (67%), Arrhythmia (18%), Myocardial infarction (7%), pulmonary edema (7%), hypothyroidism (4%), confusion (4%), seizures (2%) and stroke (2%). Pressors were used in 58% of all cycles. 20 patients died within a year from starting treatment and 5 lived more than 2 years (4 had RCC). Conclusions: 1) HDB IL-2 has multiple and life-threatening side effects in the elderly and caution is needed when selecting these patients to such therapy 2) the number of doses administered is comparable to that general population 3) more studies are needed to identify the population that would mostly benefit from HDB IL2. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ruberto, Lucas, Susana C. Vazquez, Romina L. Dias, Edgardo A. Hernández, Silvia H. Coria, Gustavo Levin, Alfredo Lo Balbo, and Walter P. Mac Cormack. "Small-scale studies towards a rational use of bioaugmentation in an Antarctic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil." Antarctic Science 22, no. 5 (June 8, 2010): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000295.
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AbstractBioaugmentation is a controversial strategy. In this work, the effect of the inoculum size and the absence of natural microflora on the efficiency of hydrocarbon removal were studied. Two levels of inoculum (106and 109CFU g-1) were applied to soil microcosms containing sterile (S6 and S9) and non-sterile (NS6 and NS9) oil contaminated Antarctic soil. Community controls (CC) and biostimulated autochthonous microflora (BAM) were also included. Total heterotrophic aerobic (THAB) and hydrocarbon degrading (HDB) bacteria as well as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were analysed. At day 0, THAB and HDB counts (CFU g-1) showed no differences among CC, BAM and NS6 but significantly higher values were observed in NS9 and S9. At day 60, three different levels of HDB were observed. The lower level was represented by CC (106CFU g-1), a second group (5 x 107CFU g-1) was represented by BAM, NS6, NS9 and S6, and the third level was constituted by S9 (1 x 109CFU g-1). TPH values at day 60 decreased significantly in all systems excluding the controls. NS6, NS9, S6 and S9 were not different from those corresponding to BAM. Results suggest that the bioaugmentation of a chronically diesel fuel-contaminated Antarctic soil is unlikely to be profitable or beneficial.
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Yuliani, Dini, and Wage Ratna Rohaeni. "HERITABILITAS, SUMBER GEN, DAN DURABILITAS KETAHANAN VARIETAS PADI TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI/ Heritability, Gene Resource, and Durability of Rice Varieties Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 36, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v36n2.2017.p99-108.
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<p>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease is one of the obstacles in increasing of rice production. The use of resistant varieties is an effective and easy to implement for farmers. This paper discusses the heritability and source of resistance genes of rice varieties against the BLB disease and strategies to maintain the durability of resistant varieties as one of the control efforts through plant breeding to supports the increasing of rice production. Assembling and development of resistant varieties play an important role in controlling BLB disease because it has a genetic resistance<br />mechanism that can be inherited to progeny level. Varieties with vertical resistance are easily broken by pathogens, so it is necessary to assembling of varieties with horizontal resistance. To obtain the resistant progeny to BLB disease in the assembly of varieties, the position of the resistant varieties should be played as a female parent that has a high specific joining power. The nature of resistance to BLB is from a population whose parent genes are derived from multiple cross results has higher heritability. The populations derived from a double-cross have multigenic resistance and have the potential to produce recombinant individuals resistant for prolonged periods (durable). The availability of durable resistant varieties become a key requirement in sustainable BLB disease control. This matter can be done by improving the resistance of varieties through the assembling of varieties with various sources of resistance such as wild rice, local rice, and introduced rice.</p><p>Keywords: Rice, varieties, resistance, bacterial leaf blight, durability, heritability</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) merupakan salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi padi. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan cara pengendalian yang efektif dan mudah diterapkan petani. Tulisan ini membahas heritabilitas dan sumber gen ketahanan varietas padi terhadap penyakit HDB dan strategi mempertahankan durabilitas varietas tahan sebagai salah satu upaya pengendalian melalui pemuliaan tanaman mendukung upaya peningkatan produksi padi. Perakitan dan pengembangan varietas tahan berperan penting mengendalikan penyakit HDB, karena memiliki mekanisme ketahanan genetik yang dapat diwariskan kepada keturunannya. Varietas dengan ketahanan vertikal mudah dipatahkan oleh patogen, sehingga perlu upaya perakitan varietas dengan ketahanan horizontal. Untuk memperoleh keturunan tanaman padi yang tahan terhadap penyakit HDB dalam perakitan varietas, posisi tetua tahan sebaiknya diperankan sebagai tetua betina yang memiliki daya gabung khusus yang tinggi. Sifat ketahanan HDB dari populasi tetua yang mengandung gen dari hasil silang ganda memilliki heritabilitas lebih tinggi. Populasi turunan dari silang ganda memiliki ketahanan multigenik dan berpeluang menghasilkan individu rekombinan tahan untuk periode yang lama (durable). Ketersediaan varietas tahan yang durable menjadi syarat utama dalam pengendalian penyakit HDB secara berkelanjutan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan ketahanan varietas melalui perakitan varietas dengan berbagai sumber ketahanan, di antaranya padi liar, padi lokal, dan padi introduksi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Padi, varietas, ketahanan, hawar daun bakteri, durabilitas, heritabilitas</p>
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KITA, Hiromi, Kaoru MATSUOKA, Shigeo OBATA, and Hiromitsu NODA. "Prediction of oil leak of HDB spindle motor." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2000.2 (2000): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2000.2.0_191.
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Копцев, Павел, Осман Абдулгазиев, and Александр Савочкин. "МЕТОДИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ИКМ." Научный взгляд в будущее, no. 16-01 (February 27, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/2415-7538.2020-16-01-027.
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В работе рассмотрена методика проведения исследований оборудования с уплотнением каналов ИКМ-30. Рассмотрены особенности реализации цикла формирования многоканального группового сигнала. Показаны особенности реализации физического кодирования AMI и HDB-3.
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McGurk, Meghan D., Catherine M. Pirkle, Toby Beckelman, Jessica Lee, Katherine Inoue, Alyssa Yang, Heidi Hansen-Smith, and Tetine Sentell. "Reinventing health promotion for healthy default beverage laws in the face of COVID-19." Global Health Promotion 28, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975920986696.
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Shortly after a healthy default beverage (HDB) law took effect in Hawai‘i, requiring restaurants that serve children’s meals to offer healthy beverages with the meals, the COVID-19 pandemic struck. Efforts to contain the virus resulted in changes to restaurants’ operations and disrupted HDB implementation efforts. Economic repercussions from containment efforts have exacerbated food insecurity, limited access to healthy foods, and created obstacles to chronic disease management. Promoting healthy default options is critical at a time when engaging in healthy behaviors is difficult, but important, to both prevent and manage chronic disease and decrease COVID-19 risk. This commentary discusses COVID-19’s impact on restaurant operations and healthy eating, and the resulting challenges and opportunities for this promising health promotion intervention.
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Park, Seon Jeong, Jung Mo Lee, and Chang-Eob Baag. "Estimation of High-Frequency Spectral Decay (κ) for the Gyeongju Area in South Korea." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180345.
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ABSTRACT The high-frequency spectral decay parameter kappa (κ) is estimated for the Gyeongju area using records of the temporary seismic array in the Gyeongju area (TSAG), which operated from 2010 to 2013. Gyeongju is a city located in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Moderate earthquakes frequently occurred around the Gyeongju area in the past; the area has experienced numerous earthquakes for more than a year since an earthquake of ML 5.8 occurred in Gyeongju on 12 September 2016. It is also an important place from an engineering point of view because nuclear facilities are located in the area. The high-frequency spectral decay model of Anderson and Hough (1984) and the standardized procedure for the κ-estimation suggested by Ktenidou et al. (2013) are applied to estimate κ for the Gyeongju area. The estimation gives rise to the equation, κ=0.0219(±0.00151)+7.56×10−5(±1.45×10−5)R indicating that the site-specific κ0-value and the slope κR are 0.0219 s and 7.56×10−5 s/km, respectively, for the Gyeongju area. The κ-estimation for individual stations of TSAG was done to obtain the site-specific κ0-values of stations. Despite the close distance between TSAG stations, the site-specific κ0-values of each station vary. Other than TSAG, κ is also estimated for the permanent borehole station HDB, which has been operated by the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources and is located in the Gyeongju area. The estimated κ0-value of 0.0178 s for HDB is smaller than that of TSAG by 0.0219 s. This is because HDB is a borehole station, but all stations of TSAG are installed at surface. The variation of the κ0-values among the individual TSAG stations and the difference between κ0 for TSAG and that for HDB indicate that spectral decay characteristic at high frequency is affected by surficial sediment layers.
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Lu, Jin Ping. "Review on Application of Polymer Concrete in Singapore." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.416.
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Singapore is a small island country, but has won renown as uncorrupted government and high quality products. Independent testing and inspection played a very important role for this achievement[1]. The Housing and Development Board (HDB) is the sole public authority in Singapore and was set up as a statutory on 1 February 1960. Within 45 years, it built more than 700,000 flats housing approximately 86% of the population. Every year, around 40,000 new flats (about 400 blocks) are built up to meet the demands. In March 1992, HDB launched the 15-year main upgrading programme (MUP) to vying the finishes and facilities of old estates up to the standard of those in the new towns. The upgrading programme is a conscious effort by the government to provide a better living environment, strengthen existing community ties and enhance the value of our flats. The potential size of the upgrading program is approximately 370,000 units spread across 20 years, which works out to be 350 blocks per year. To ensure and maintain the high standards of the housing quality, Polymer concrete materials including polymer modified cement mortar, epoxy or PU floor screed and injection materials, and fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials are extensively used in the new and upgrading projects. In this paper, the various applications of polymer concrete composites in Singapore are described and discussed. The various categories of polymer concrete composites are extensively used in Singapore’s public and private projects. To ensure and maintain the high standards of the building quality, independent testing and inspection plays a very important role. Through implementing a quality control program to ensure high standards in product quality and performance requirements, Housing & Development Board (HDB), Singapore's public housing authority and statutory board under the Ministry of National Development, screens and provides a comprehensive selection of quality products needed for HDB construction projects through HDB's Materials List [2] with a set of product evaluation requirement. The development of the requirements and specifications for various polymer concrete composite products are also described and discussed
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LI, Wei, Hou Yu CHEN, and James R. DAVIE. "Properties of chicken erythrocyte histone deacetylase associated with the nuclear matrix." Biochemical Journal 314, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3140631.
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Histone H2B is deacetylated more rapidly than H3 and H4 in chicken immature erythrocytes. Histone deacetylase from chicken immature erythrocytes was partially purified, and the histone specificities of the multiple histone deacetylase forms were determined. Ion-exchange (Q-Sepharose) and gel-exclusion (Superdex 200) chromatography of extracts from erythrocyte nuclei showed two forms (HD1 and HD2) of histone deacetylase. HD1, with a molecular mass of about 55 kDa, preferred free H3–H4 relative to H2A–H2B, while HD2, with a molecular mass of approx. 220 kDa, had a slight preference for H3–H4. HD1 and HD2 differed in pH- and ionic-strength-dependence. HD2 dissociated into HD1 when treated with 1.6 M NaCl or when applied to a Q-Sepharose column. The enzymic properties of nuclear-matrix-bound histone deacetylase showed a striking difference from that of HD1 and HD2, particularly in its strong preference for H2A–H2B. Treatment of the nuclear matrix with 1.6 M NaCl and 1% 2-mercaptoethanol solubilized histone deacetylase, which chromatographed as 400 and 220 kDa forms on a Superdex 200 column. The solubilized enzyme retained its histone preference for H2A-H2B. Chromatography of the nuclear-matrix-derived enzyme on Q-Sepharose yielded one peak of enzyme activity with chromatographic properties and histone specificities similar to those of HD1. These results provide support for the active form of the enzyme in situ being a high-molecular-mass complex associated with proteins that are components of the nuclear matrix. Substrate preference of the enzyme is governed by the proteins associated with the histone deacetylase.
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Kirouac, Gilbert J., and Quentin J. Pittman. "Identification of barosensitive neurons in the mediobasal forebrain using juxtacellular labeling." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 276, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): R1766—R1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.6.r1766.
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Previous investigations suggest a possible role in cardiovascular regulation for neurons of the mediobasal forebrain. The present study was designed to determine the location and morphology of basal forebrain neurons that respond to acute changes in arterial blood pressure. Extracellular recordings of single units were done in α-chloralose- or urethan-anesthetized rats. The effect of cardiovascular pressor (phenylephrine, 1–2 μg/kg iv) and depressor (sodium nitroprusside, 0.5–1 μg/kg iv) events on the discharge rates of units was determined. Some of the neurons tested were subsequently filled with biocytin using the juxtacellular method. Brain sections were processed using the avidin-biotin complex reaction to reveal a Golgi-like appearance of the neuron. Of 32 neurons located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (hDB), 13 (41%) were found to be excited by depressor events. Barosensitive biocytin-labeled cells were located in all regions of the hDB and had small- to medium-sized cell bodies with sparse and simple dendritic morphology. Only 2 of 47 neurons tested in the region of the olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja (IC), and ventral pallidum responded to changes in arterial blood pressure. The results of the present investigation suggest a role in the regulation of cardiovascular function for neurons of the hDB. The findings also suggest that most neurons in the olfactory tubercle, including the IC complex, do not respond to acute changes in arterial blood pressure.
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Shi, Jingkai, Fei Liang, Yixin He, Xinyuan Zhang, Zheshuai Lin, Degang Xu, Zhanggui Hu, Jianquan Yao, and Yicheng Wu. "Rational structural design of benzothiazolium-based crystal HDB-T with high nonlinearity and efficient terahertz-wave generation." Chemical Communications 55, no. 55 (2019): 7950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03188j.
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A new benzothiazolium-based crystal of HDB-T (C25H25NO4S2) was designed and synthesized. It achieves large SHG response and efficient terahertz-wave generation.
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Suhartini, Tintin. "Spesies Padi Liar (Oryza sp.) sebagai Sumber Gen Ketahanan Cekaman Abiotik dan Biotik pada Padi Budidaya." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 35, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v35n4.2016.p197-207.
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<p>ABSTRACT<br />Wild rice species could be used for improvement of rice varieties because they have a good character for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some of Indonesian wild rice species are Oryza meyeriana, O. granulata, O. longiglumis, O. officinalis, O. ridleyi, O. rufipogon and O. schlechteri. IRRI has a collection of 2,500 accesions of wild rice and 18 species were collected in ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Some species of wild rice are known to have resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. A number of<br />accessions of O. officinalis contained resistance gene to brown planthopper, blast disease, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and sheath rot. One of the species that has resistance to pests and diseases is O. minuta. The resistance to tungro virus occurs in O. punctata. Tolerance to drought, Al and Fe toxicities occurs in wild rice species of O. sativa genome AA group. Resistance genes from wild rice species can be inserted into cultivated rice through conventional techniques in combination with biotechnology, while gene transfer and gene detection from wild rice to cultivated rice can be done through cross breeding, molecular markers, backcrossing and embryo rescue. The success of introgression of resistance genes from wild rice species to cultivated rice will increase genetic diversity of rice. As an example O. minuta has been implemented in introgression of BLB resistance gene on IR64. Introgression of O. nivara gene in IRRI had improved some superior rice varieties in Indonesia, namely IR30, IR32, IR34, IR36 and IR38, which were tolerant to brown planthopper, dwarf virus and bacterial leaf blight. Oryza rufipogon wich has BLB and blast resistance gene has been used for improvement of new varieties Inpari Blas and Inpari HDB which were released in 2013.<br />Keywords: Oryza spp., varietal improvement, resistance genes, biotic stresses, abiotic stresses</p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Spesies padi liar dapat dimanfaatkan dalam perakitan varietas unggul karena memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Spesies padi liar yang ada di Indonesia adalah Oryza meyeriana, O. granulata, O. longiglumis, O. officinalis, O. ridleyi, O. rufipogon, dan O. schlechteri. IRRI memiliki koleksi 2.500 aksesi padi liar dan 18 spesies dikoleksi di BB Biogen. Sejumlah aksesi O. officinalis memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap wereng coklat, penyakit blas, hawar daun bakteri (HDB), dan busuk pelepah. Salah satu spesies yang memiliki ketahanan terhadap hama-penyakit tersebut adalah O. minuta. Ketahanan terhadap virus tungro terdapat pada O. punctata. Toleransi terhadap kekeringan, keracunan Al, dan Fe terdapat pada spesies padi liar kelompok O. sativa genom AA. Gen ketahanan dari spesies padi liar dapat dimasukkan (introgresi) ke dalam padi budi daya melalui teknik konvensional yang dikombinasikan dengan bioteknologi, sementara transfer gen dapat melalui persilangan, marka molekuler, silang balik, dan penyelamatan embrio. Keberhasilan introgresi gen ketahanan dari spesies padi liar ke padi budi daya akan meningkatkan keragaman genetik tanaman. Spesies padi liar O. minuta telah dimanfaatkan dalam introgresi gen ketahanan HDB pada varietas IR64. Introgresi gen asal O. nivara di IRRI menambah varietas unggul di Indonesia, yaitu IR30, IR32, IR34, IR36, dan IR38, yang toleran terhadap wereng coklat, virus kerdil rumput, dan HDB. Spesies padi liar O. rufipogon yang memiliki gen ketahanan HDB dan blas telah digunakan dalam pembentukan varietas unggul baru Inpari HDB dan Inpari Blas yang dilepas pada 2013.<br /><br /></p>
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Najiah, Irna, Lutfi Nur, and Taopik Rahman. "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA HEALTHY DENTAL BOX (HDB) UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KETERAMPILAN MENGGOSOK GIGI ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN." JURNAL PAUD AGAPEDIA 4, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jpa.v4i1.27204.
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This research is based on the results of preliminary studies that have been conducted by researchers regarding the importance of brushing teeth. Brushing teeth in children aged 4-5 years is not explained in detail in the curriculum and has an impact on the difficulties faced by teachers in selecting and designing learning media to brush their teeth, therefore researchers design learning media with approaches that are appropriate to the conditions of children in the field. Researchers developed the tooth puppet media into a Healthy Dental Box (HDB) medium to facilitate the brushing skills of children aged 4-5 years. The method used in this research is Design Based Research (DBR) developed by Reeves to design, develop, and test the feasibility of a product to overcome problems in learning. Data collection is done by observation, interview and validation of media experts. In general, the product is declared suitable for use as a learning medium regarding brushing teeth based on the results of media validation by experts in the health sector, experts in the field of learning media and pedagogical experts. Reflections on product development, namely producing Healthy Dental Box (HDB) media to facilitate tooth brushing skills in children aged 4-5 years. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada hasil studi pendahuluan yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti mengenai pentingnya menggosok gigi. Menggosok gigi pada anak usia 4-5 tahun tidak dijelaskan secara rinci dalam kurikulum dan berdampak pada kesulitan yang dihadapi guru dalam memilih dan merancang media pembelajaran menggosok gigi anak, untuk itu peneliti merancang media pembelajaran dengan pendekatan yang sesuai dengan kondisi anak di lapangan. Peneliti mengembangkan media boneka gigi menjadi media Healthy Dental Box (HDB) untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan menggosok gigi anak usia 4-5 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Design Based Research (DBR) yang dikembangkan oleh Reeves untuk merancang, mengembangkan, dan menguji kelayakan suatu produk untuk mengatasi masalah dalam pembelajaran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan validasi ahli media. Secara umum produk dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran mengenai menggosok gigi berdasarkan hasil validasi media oleh ahli dalam bidang kesehatan, ahli bidang media pembelajaran dan ahli pedagogik. Refleksi dari pengembangan produk, yaitu menghasilkan media Healthy Dental Box (HDB) untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan menggosok gigi pada anak usia 4-5 tahun.
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Tokuyoshi, Yoga. "Development and validation of PERMA-V Scale in HDB." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 83 (September 11, 2019): 1A—062–1A—062. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.83.0_1a-062.
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PHANG, SOCK-YONG, DAVID LEE, ALAN CHEONG, KOK-FAI PHOON, and KAROL WEE. "HOUSING POLICIES IN SINGAPORE: EVALUATION OF RECENT PROPOSALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REFORM." Singapore Economic Review 59, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590814500258.
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The Singapore housing market is unusual in its high homeownership rate, the dominance of HDB housing, and the extensive intervention of the government in regulating housing supply and demand in both the HDB and private housing sectors. Recent rapid population increases in a low interest rate and high global liquidity environment has resulted in accelerated house prices increases in Singapore. Earlier this year, the government launched "Our Singapore Conversation" of which discussion on housing policies constitutes one major component. This "conversation" comes in the wake of several consecutive rounds of measures to stabilize housing prices using various instruments. This paper evaluates the main policy changes proposed and makes recommendations for housing market reforms: (i) the government need to clarify goals of housing policies and make available more detailed data on the foreign component of our population for better analysis of housing markets; (ii) the housing supply regime should target an overall effective vacancy rate that encompasses both the Housing and Development Board (HDB) and private sector; (iii) policy makers need to monitor carefully excess demand indicators for housing in addition to housing affordability indicators over the entire spectrum of incomes and household types; (iv) housing REITs should be established to provide an alternative investment option as well as to develop an efficient and affordable rental sector; and (v) in addition to macroprudential measures, owner-occupancy requirements and fiscal measures such as stamp duties and property taxes could be further utilized to reduce the foreign demand for Singapore housing and real estate.
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Susilawati, Dr Rita. "Bioremediation Experiment Using Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.1-7.
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A laboratory experiment was set up to demonstrate the capability of microbe to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated beach sand. Oil contaminated soil was used as a source of inoculum for hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) while oil contaminated beach sand was used as remediation object. The growth of HDB in the inocula was enriched and stimulated through the addition of nutrient in the form of vitamin and mineral as well the addition of oil waste as a source of carbon. Experiment took place in the course of approximately five weeks. Microscopic observation clearly showed the interaction between microbe and oil contaminant both in enrichment and bioremediation samples. The result of the experiment also suggests that approximately 25% of the petroleum hydrocarbon mass in the contaminated beach sand was biodegraded over the course of one month. Overall, the results of this experiment suggest the potential of bioremediation method to treat petroleum hydrocarbon polluted environment.Keywords: bacteria, bioremediation, hydrocarbon
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Susilawati, Rita. "Bioremediation Experiment Using Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.20.1.1-7.
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A laboratory experiment was set up to demonstrate the capability of microbe to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated beach sand. Oil contaminated soil was used as a source of inoculum for hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) while oil contaminated beach sand was used as remediation object. The growth of HDB in the inocula was enriched and stimulated through the addition of nutrient in the form of vitamin and mineral as well the addition of oil waste as a source of carbon. Experiment took place in the course of approximately five weeks. Microscopic observation clearly showed the interaction between microbe and oil contaminant both in enrichment and bioremediation samples. The result of the experiment also suggests that approximately 25% of the petroleum hydrocarbon mass in the contaminated beach sand was biodegraded over the course of one month. Overall, the results of this experiment suggest the potential of bioremediation method to treat petroleum hydrocarbon polluted environment.Keywords: bacteria, bioremediation, hydrocarbon DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.1-7
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Susilawati, Rita. "Bioremediation Experiment Using Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v20i1.335.
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A laboratory experiment was set up to demonstrate the capability of microbe to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated beach sand. Oil contaminated soil was used as a source of inoculum for hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) while oil contaminated beach sand was used as remediation object. The growth of HDB in the inocula was enriched and stimulated through the addition of nutrient in the form of vitamin and mineral as well the addition of oil waste as a source of carbon. Experiment took place in the course of approximately five weeks. Microscopic observation clearly showed the interaction between microbe and oil contaminant both in enrichment and bioremediation samples. The result of the experiment also suggests that approximately 25% of the petroleum hydrocarbon mass in the contaminated beach sand was biodegraded over the course of one month. Overall, the results of this experiment suggest the potential of bioremediation method to treat petroleum hydrocarbon polluted environment.Keywords: bacteria, bioremediation, hydrocarbon DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.1-7
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Susilawati, Dr Rita. "Bioremediation Experiment Using Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.v20i1.335.
Full textAbstract:
A laboratory experiment was set up to demonstrate the capability of microbe to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated beach sand. Oil contaminated soil was used as a source of inoculum for hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) while oil contaminated beach sand was used as remediation object. The growth of HDB in the inocula was enriched and stimulated through the addition of nutrient in the form of vitamin and mineral as well the addition of oil waste as a source of carbon. Experiment took place in the course of approximately five weeks. Microscopic observation clearly showed the interaction between microbe and oil contaminant both in enrichment and bioremediation samples. The result of the experiment also suggests that approximately 25% of the petroleum hydrocarbon mass in the contaminated beach sand was biodegraded over the course of one month. Overall, the results of this experiment suggest the potential of bioremediation method to treat petroleum hydrocarbon polluted environment.Keywords: bacteria, bioremediation, hydrocarbon
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Xu, Yiming, Suli Liu, Weijun Meng, Hua Yuan, Weibao Ma, Xiangqian Sun, Jianhong Xu, Bin Tan, and Ping Li. "Continuous sulfonation of hexadecylbenzene in a microreactor." Green Processing and Synthesis 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0021.
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Abstract Heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates are inexpensive surfactants that are extensively used as oil-displacing agents during tertiary oil recovery. Among these, C16–18 heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates possess an excellent ability to reduce the oil-water interface tension. In this study, hexadecylbenzene sulfonic acid (HBSA) was synthesised in a continuous stirred-tank microreactor using a continuous method with 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) dilution. Post-sulfonation liquid SO3 solution was used as a sulfonating agent for hexadecylbenzene (HDB). The effects of reaction conditions, such as the SO3:HDB molar ratio, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation agent concentration, on the yield and purity of the product were investigated. Optimisation of the reaction process yielded high-quality HBSA samples with a purity exceeding 99 wt%. The continuous sulfonation process significantly enhanced the production and efficiency in the case of a considerably short residence time (10 s) in the reactor, without the need for aging. The results of this study demonstrate significant potential for application in industrial production.
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Dewi, Iswari S., Indrastuti A. Rumanti, Bambang S. Purwoko, and Triny S. Kadir. "Karakter Agronomi dan Ketahanan Beberapa Galur Pelestari Dihaploid terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 17, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v17n2.2011.p88-95.
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<p>Agronomic Characters and Resistance of Several Dihaploid Maintainer Lines to Bacterial Leaf Blight. Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo) is one of the most serious diseases of rice in Indonesia. From previous research thirteen lines of dihaploid (DH) maintainer lines-derived anther culture were selected for developing cytoplasmic male sterile lines. In this research those DH maintainers were evaluated for their agronomic characters such as plant height, number of productive tiller, and seed weight per hill as well as their resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) pathotypes III, IV and VIII at Indonesian Center Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi during wet season 2008/2009. The results showed that 10 DH maintainer lines i.e. BioMAc18-H36-3-Ma, BioMAc19-H36-3-Mb, BioMAc20- H36-3-Mc, BioMAc21-H36-4-M, BioMAc26-B1-1-Mb, BioMAc29-B2-1-Db, BioMAc31-B2-1-M, BioMAc33-B2-4- Pb, BioMAc34-B4-1-Da and BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc having plant height ranged from 88.79-104.08 cm, productive tiller ranged from 9 to 13 tillers/hill. Among those DH maintainer lines three lines were resistant to BLB pathotype III, i.e. BioMAc26-B1-1-Mb, BioMAc29-B2-1-Db and BioMAc31- B2-1-M lines, and two lines, i.e. BioMAc21-H36-4-M and BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc were highly resistant to BLB pathotype VIII. Only BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc lines highly resistant to BLB pathotype IV.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, (Xoo) adalah salah satu penyakit utama padi di Indonesia. Dari penelitian sebelumnya 13 galur pelestari dihaploid (DH pelestari) yang berasal dari kultur antera telah diseleksi untuk perakitan galur mandul jantan baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi karakter agronomi dan ketahanan galur-galur DH pelestari terhadap patogen HDB. Karakter agronomi yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan produktif, dan bobot hasil per rumpun, sedangkan ketahanan terhadap HDB diamati berdasarkan skor ketahanan terhadap Xoo patotipe III, IV dan VIII di Balai Penelitian Padi, Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2008/2009. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 10 galur DH pelestari, yaitu galur BioMAc18-H36-3-Ma, BioMAc19-H36-3-Mb, BioMAc20- H36-3-Mc, BioMAc21-H36-4-M, BioMAc26-B1-1-Mb, BioMAc29-B2-1-Db, BioMAc31-B2-1-M, BioMAc33-B2-4- Pb, BioMAc34-B4-1-Da, dan BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc mempunyai tinggi tanaman berkisar antara 88,79-104,08 cm, anakan produktif berkisar antara 9-13 batang/rumpun. Di antara galur DH pelestari yang tahan terhadap HDB patotipe III, yaitu galur BioMAc26-B1-1-Mb, BioMAc29-B2-1-Db dan BioMAc31- B2-1-M, dua galur yaitu galur BioMAc21-H36-4-M dan BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc sangat tahan terhadap HDB patotipe VIII, sedangkan galur BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc yang sangat tahan terhadap HDB patotipe IV.</p>
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Oh, Jeong-Eun, and Seo-Ryeung Ju. "A Study on the Plane Characteristics of HDB Flat in Singapore." Journal of the Korean Housing Association 29, no. 3 (June 25, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2018.29.3.033.
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Brachert, Thomas C., Markus Reuter, Stefan Krüger, Julia Kirkerowicz, and James S. Klaus. "Upwellings mitigated Plio-Pleistocene heat stress for reef corals on the Florida platform (USA)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 5 (March 10, 2016): 1469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1469-2016.
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Abstract. The fast growing calcareous skeletons of zooxanthellate reef corals (z corals) represent unique environmental proxy archives through their oxygen and carbon stable isotope composition (δ18O, δ13C). In addition, the accretion of the skeleton itself is ultimately linked to the environment and responds with variable growth rates (extension rate) and density to environmental changes. Here we present classical proxy data (δ18O, δ13C) in combination with calcification records from 15 massive z corals. The z corals were sampled from four interglacial units of the Florida carbonate platform (USA) dated approximately 3.2, 2.9, 1.8 and 1.2 Ma (middle Pliocene to early Pleistocene). The z corals (Solenastrea, Orbicella, Porites) derive from unlithified shallow marine carbonates and were carefully screened for primary preservation suited for proxy analysis. We show that skeletal accretion responded with decreasing overall calcification rates (decreasing extension rate but increasing density) to warmer water temperatures. Under high annual water temperatures, inferred from sub-annually resolved δ18O data, skeletal bulk density was high, but extension rates and overall calcification rates were at a minimum (endmember scenario 1). Maximum skeletal density was reached during the summer season giving rise to a growth band of high density within the annually banded skeletons (“high density band”, HDB). With low mean annual water temperatures (endmember scenario 2), bulk skeletal density was low but extension rates and calcification rates reached a maximum, and under these conditions the HDB formed during winter. Although surface water temperatures in the Western Atlantic warm pool during the interglacials of the late Neogene were ∼ 2 °C higher than they are in the present day, intermittent upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich water mitigated water temperatures off south-western Florida and created temporary refuges for z coral growth. Based on the sub-annually resolved δ18O and δ13C records, the duration of the upwelling episodes causing the endmember 2 conditions was variable and lasted from a few years to a number of decades. The episodes of upwelling were interrupted by phases without upwelling (endmember 1) which lasted for at least a few years and led to high surface water temperatures. This variable environment is likely one of the reasons why the coral fauna is dominated by the eurytopic genus Solenastrea, also a genus resistant to high turbidity. Over a period of ∼ 50 years, the oldest sub annually resolved proxy record available (3.2 Ma) documents a persistent occurrence of the HDB during winter. In contrast, the HDB forms in summer in modern z corals from the Florida reef tract. We suggest this difference should be tested as being the expression of a tendency towards decreasing interglacial upwelling since the middle Pliocene. The number of z coral sclerochronological records for the Plio-Pleistocene is still rather low, however, and requires more data and an improved resolution, through records from additional time slices. Nonetheless, our calcification data from the warm periods of past interglacials may contribute to predicting the effects of future ocean warming on z coral health along the Florida reef tract. The inconsistent timing of the HDB within single coral records or among specimens and time slices is unexpected and contrasts the common practice of establishing chronologies on the basis of the density banding.