Academic literature on the topic 'HB. Gray literature'

The article presents the results of a study of irrigated gray-brown soils of the Ganja-Kazakh massif, the reasons for changes in individual soil properties associated with the characteristics of specific soil-hydrogeological conditions. It was pointed out that irrigation of gray-brown soils with low mineralized slightly alkaline waters leads to a change in the qualitative composition of salts, an increase in the content of absorbed sodium and its activity. There is also a tendency towards dehumidification of irrigated soils and deterioration of their agrophysical properties. To eliminate the negative effects of irrigation, it is necessary to systematically, comprehensively regulate soil processes and regimes. Thus, during irrigation for 50–60 years, the main properties of gray-brown soils that determine its fertility deteriorated. However, a negative effect of irrigation water with a mineralization of 1.25–2.50 on the salt regime of the soil was noted. Optimization of the reclamation state of soils, prevention of salinization and increase of fertility is promoted by modern agrotechnical measures in combination with an optimal irrigation regime (68–78% HB), as well as with improving the quality of irrigation water by reducing its discharge from irrigated fields and the use of chemical meliorants. Since irrigation of gray-brown soils with mineralized waters was carried out on small areas until recently and, as a rule, was not accompanied by a general increase in the groundwater level, secondary salinization of soils is noted locally in the lowered relief elements. In the main irrigation area for most systems, the period of active salt accumulation observed in the first 3–5 years after the start of irrigation stabilizes at the level of 0.12–0.25% in arable horizons and 0.26–0.32% in sub-arable horizons, and they do not leave the gradation of unsalted. Based on the conducted research, generalization and analysis of the literature data, a systematics of changes on gray-brown soils occurring during irrigation was carried out.

Introduction:Systematic reviews (SRs) are the most valid and reliable scientific evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions. However, substantial resources and months are required to conduct such a review. Most hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) units don't have the time and the academic team to produce SRs. Rapid evidence assessment (REA) may represent, in this local context, an interesting avenue. The aim was to evaluate characteristics of REA and their impacts on healthcare decision making.Methods:A SR was performed in several databases and grey literature to search data on REA including Mini-HTA and rapid reviews methodologies through March 2017. Data selection, extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent researchers. Outcomes were about REA's methodology including question, search strategy, inclusion criteria, study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, critical appraisal and impacts on decision making.Results:Twelve publications on REA have been included. More similarities were found in the methodology between rapid review and SR than with Mini-HTA. Shortcuts in performing rapid reviews included evaluation scope, number of databases, gray literature websites, studies design mainly SR, reviewers number, critical appraisal and production time (3 to 6 months). Study selection and data extraction by two independent reviewers in rapid reviews were seen in thirty-four percent to thirty-eight percent and ten percent to twenty-two percent, respectively. Furthermore, assessment quality was optional. Although it is performed within a short timeframe (2 months), methodology to conduct Mini-HTA is not well defined in the literature. The scope is mainly to support decision making in the introduction of new medical devices. Impacts of REA on local health decision making process are not well documented.Conclusions:Methodology to conduct REA is quite diverse. According to the data available, rapid review is a more robust methodology for HB-HTA producers than Mini-HTA. Although impacts were not well reported, rapid reviews could be more useful to support health decision making in local context.

Abstract Abstract 4054 Poster Board III-989 Introduction Many clinical situations are associated with the development of iron deficiency which can adversely affect energy level, physical activity, cardiovascular function, cognition, and immune responses. Oral iron, which is the primary treatment for iron deficiency, is limited by poor tolerability due to gastrointestinal (GI) side effects and resulting problems with compliance. In addition, in many patients it is not easily absorbed and does not replace iron stores rapidly enough to meet iron losses. Blood transfusions may be avoided in these patients with the use of intravenous (IV) iron. Whereas other forms of IV iron require multiple doses for complete replacement, LMWID may be administered as a total dose infusion, typically over a 4 to 6 hour period. LMWID (INFeD) is the preferred iron dextran due to the lower incidence of reported adverse reactions in the literature as compared to high (H) MWID, (DexFerrum). Numerous clinical studies of IV iron suggest that 1000 mg is an adequate dose for many patients. Our clinical practice routinely administers LMWID as a 1 g infusion over 1 hour without pre-medication. We summarize our experience with the safety and efficacy of this method of administration. Patients and Methods Data were collected for consecutive adult patients with iron deficiency who were treated with 1 gram of LMWID from August 2008 to May 2009. To avoid confounding variables patients who received erythropoiesis stimulating agents or chemotherapy were excluded from the analysis. Age, gender, height, weight, diagnosis, tests of iron status (serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, serum iron, and percent transferrin saturation), hemoglobin (Hb), history of multiple drug allergies and/or iron allergies, dose of iron dextran, infusion rate, number of transfusions, and signs or reports of adverse reactions were recorded. As clinically important hypophosphatemia (serum phosphate <2mg/dL) has been reported with several IV iron preparations, we examined pre- and post-infusion phosphate levels. Results 189 consecutive iron deficient patients (84% female, 76% white, mean age = 51 years, mean weight = 85 Kg) were included in the analysis, 15.9% of whom had multiple drug allergies (≥ 2). The most common diagnoses were: menorrhagia, chronic kidney disease, angiodysplasia, pregnancy, GI bleed, and gastric bypass; 19% of patients had multiple diagnoses. A total of 224 1-gram doses were administered over a median infusion time of 63 minutes (interquartile range 60-66 min). No pre-medication was administered except for 1 dose of methylprednisolone prior to the test dose in each of 2 patients: one with a previous reaction to HMWID, and one with drug allergies. Following administration of LMWID, there was a significant increase from baseline in Hb of 1.2 g/dL (p <0.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0 to 1.4) with a median follow-up time of 3 weeks. A follow-up time of ≥ 4 weeks was associated with a greater increase in Hb than < 4 weeks (1.5 vs 1.0 g/dL, p=0.013). One patient required a transfusion following severe GI bleeding secondary to angiodysplasia. Nineteen patients (10.1%) experienced 33 adverse events (AEs). The AEs were considered treatment-related in12 patients (6.3%). The most common AEs were back pain (2.6%), headache (2.1%), and nausea (1.6%). AEs were mostly transient and resolved without therapy. Five (2.6%) patients were treated for minor reactions (3 patients received 125 milligrams of methylprednisolone during or immediately following the infusion, and 2 patients received acetaminophen). There were no serious AEs, and only 1 patient discontinued treatment due to an AE (hives). The only demographic factor that was independently associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing an AE was drug allergies. Patients with a history of > 2 drug allergies were 4.3 times more likely to experience any kind of AE than other patients (95% CI: 1.1 to 16.3, p=0.031). Mean change from baseline phosphate level was 0.0 mg/dL (95% CI: -0.1 to 0.2, p=0.537) at a median follow-up time of two weeks. No patient developed hypophosphatemia. Conclusions Our single center experience found IV administration of 1 gram of LMWID over 1 hour is a safe and effective treatment for patients with iron deficiency with the advantages of shorter treatment period, assured compliance, and a lower incidence of side effects than oral iron. Future prospective, randomized studies will help confirm these findings. Disclosures: Off Label Use: The total dose infusion of low molecular weight iron dextran, although widely used, is an off label method of administration of intravenous iron. Pappadakis:Watson Laboratories: Employment. Dahl:Watson Laboratories: Employment.

Anaemia occurs due to several factors, such as deficiency of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 and protein. Anemia is directly caused by the lack of red blood cell production, the body loses blood either acutely or in a chronic manner, and the destruction of red blood cells is too fast. One of the prevention of anaemia by providing functional food that is developed is tempe which has high quality and nutritional value. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the potential of tempeh in increasing hemoglobin levels in patients with anaemia. This research is a literature review with a narrative method that studies and analyzes research results related to the potential of tempe to increase hemoglobin levels in patients with anaemia. The results of this study are the results of a literature review review which shows that Tempe contains an average of 2,0 mg of iron, folic acid 0,9-2,0 mg/kg according to the inoculum used and vitamin B12 raw tempe 0,08 μg/100 grams and cooked tempeh 0,14 μg/100 grams. The conclusion of this study states that tempeh has adequate nutritional value of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid, so that tempeh has the potential to increase hemoglobin levels in patients with anaemia. Expected, to be the basis of further research on genomics and genetic influences on human against tempe bioavailability as a functional food for adolescent anaemia. Anemia merupakan suatu keadaan jumlah sel darah merah atau kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah lebih rendah daripada nilai normal. Anemia terjadi karena beberapa faktor, diantaranya defisiensi besi, asam folat, vitamin B12 dan protein. Secara langsung anemia disebabkan kurangnya produksi sel darah merah, tubuh kehilangan darah baik secara akut atau menahun, dan hancurnya sel darah merah yang terlalu cepat. Salah satu pencegahan anemia dengan pemberian bahan pangan fungsional yang dikembangkan yaitu tempe yang mempunyai mutu dan nilai gizi tinggi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis potensi tempe dalam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin pada penderita anemia. Penelitian merupakan literature review dengan metode naratif yang mengkaji dan menganalisis hasil penelitian yang terkait dengan potensi tempe untuk meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin pada penderita anemia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Tempe mengandung rata-rata zat besi sebanyak 2,0 mg, asam folat 0,9-2,0 mg/kg sesuai dengan inoculum yang digunakan dan vitamin B12 tempe mentah 0,08 μg/100 gram dan tempe matang 0,14 μg/100 gram. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menyatakan tempe mempunyai nilai gizi zat besi, vitamin B12, dan asam folat yang cukup, sehingga tempe berpotensi untuk meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin pada penderita anemia. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar penelitian lanjutan mengenai pengaruh genomik dan genetik pada manusia terhadap bioavabilitas tempe sebagai pangan fungsional untuk remaja anemia.

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en el año 2015, la razón mundial de mortalidad materna (muertes de mujeres en embarazo, parto y hasta 42 días del parto por cada cien mil nacidos vivos) fue de 216 muertes por cada 100.000 nacidos vivos. De este total de muertes maternas, la gran mayoría (el 90%) hubieran podido prevenirse.Al realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura y enfocados en nuestro continente, (América Latina y del Caribe) encontramos que los determinantes sociales involucrados en muerte materna son la clase socioeconómica y nivel educativo. Al analizar las causas maternas encontramos que estas se distribuyen primordialmente entre preeclampsia, eclampsia y hemorragia obstétrica.El comportamiento en Colombia de la razón de mortalidad materna, RMM, hasta los 42 días pos parto ha tenido una tendencia variable entre los años 2001 y 2016, para el año 2001 fue de 97.9, finalizando el 2016 la RMM con 48.5 por 100.000 nacidos vivos (1).Las diez primeras causas de muerte materna en Colombia, según el Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA) del Ministerio respectivo, entre 2010 – 2012, en orden descendente fueron: los trastornos hipertensivos (299 casos 22.4% del total de causas), las complicaciones hemorrágicas (262 casos, 21% del total de causas), las sepsis no ginecoobstétricas (85 casos el 6.2%), las sepsis ginecoobstétricas (83 casos el 6.2%), entre otras causas. La suma de los trastornos hipertensivos y las complicaciones hemorrágicas corresponden a más del 50% en la agrupación de las diez primeras(2).Quiero referirme exclusivamente en este editorial a las complicaciones hemorrágicas como causa de mortalidad materna en nuestra región, donde ocupan el 2º. lugar, aclarando que en algunas otras regiones (por ejemplo, en el Perú) la hemorragia obstétrica (posparto) ocupa el 1er lugar entre las causales de defunción materna. En este último país mencionado, de acuerdo con trabajo aquí publicado tiene una prevalencia de 2.19%.Debemos trabajar mucho en algunas estrategias que nos pueden ayudar a prevenir las muertes maternas por hemorragia posparto. Entre las estrategias preventivas que han probado ser efectivas, de acuerdo con Medicina Basada en las Evidencias podemos mencionar (y nos referiremos solamente a la 1ra.):En el Control Prenatal: que la mujer llegue al inicio del trabajo de parto con una Hemoglobina (Hb) mayor de 10 g%.Intervenir el 3er período del parto aplicando Oxitocina 5 ó 10 UI vía IM (ó IV ) una vez salga el hombro anterior del feto en el período expulsivo.Intervención etiológica lo más pronto posible cuando el sangrado supere los 500 mL. De acuerdo con la OMS, la anemia es un problema severo que puede afectar hasta al 42% de madres gestantes. Si estas embarazadas inician el trabajo de parto con una Hb subnormal, un sangrado posparto considerado ¨normal¨ puede condicionar un choque hemorrágico con consecuencias que pueden ser funestas.Mantener la Hb en valores superiores a 10 gs% debe ser una meta en todo control prenatal. Por esta razón, debe pedirse este exámen al menos 2 ó 3 veces durante los controles y en caso de encontrar valores inferiores a 11, administrar hierro oral e incluso parenteral, dependiendo de que tan cerca estemos del final del embarazo y de cuantos gramos necesitamos subir la Hb hasta alcanzar niveles óptimos. En trabajo publicado en este número, se muestra que además de la ingesta tradicional de sulfato ferroso y ácido fólico para manejar la anemia del embarazo, es muy útil también adicionar a la dieta hojas de remolacha crudas (beta vulgaris) en cantidad de 200 gs x día, lo cual, por su contenido en hierro y ácido fólico puede ser un buen coadyuvante en el manejo de la anemia gestacional. De esta manera, podemos prevenir muertes maternas por hemorragia posparto. Hagamos de esto un propósito en todo control prenatal.

Introduction: The main challenge of modern hospitals is purchasing medical technologies. Hospital-based health technology assessments (HB-HTAs) are used in healthcare facilities around the world to support management boards in providing relevant technologies for patients.Aim: This study was undertaken to update the existing body of knowledge on the characteristics of HB-HTA systems/models in the selected European countries. Insights gained from this study were used to provide an optimal approach for implementing HB-HTA in Poland.Materials and methods: Firstly, we carried out a systematic review in PubMed and embase. Secondly, we searched for gray literature via the AdHopHTA online handbook and the design book of the AdHopHTA project, as well as literature describing healthcare systems provided by the WHO. Then, we conducted in-depth interviews with HB-HTA experts from four countries. Finally, we selected ten countries from Europe and prepared frameworks for data collection and analyses.Results: The selected countries (Switzerland, Spain, France, Italy, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Austria) are examples of decentralized or deconcentrated healthcare systems. In terms of HB-HTA, differences in organisational models (independent group, stand-alone, integrated-essential, integrated-specialised), type of financing (internally vs. externally), collaboration with an HTA National Agency and other stakeholders (e.g., Patients’ Associations) were identified. HB-HTA engages multi-skilled staff with various academic backgrounds and operates mainly on a voluntary basis.Conclusion: Strengths and weaknesses associated with various organisational models must be carefully considered in the context of support for decentralized or centralized models of implementation while embarking on HTA activities in Polish hospitals.

Objective: Our goal was to investigate whether asymptomatic maternal hepatitis B (HB) infection affects early membrane rupture (PROM), fetal death, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension, or bleeding before delivery. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology department, KEMU Lahore for one-year duration from May 2017 to April 2018. The electronic literature surveys were conducted using gray literature studies (e.g. conference papers and final reports). (Technicians) and scanned reference lists of attached studies and systematically related studies. We study statistical heterogeneity using statistical tests I2 and tau square (Tau2). Results: 18 studies included. Early membrane ruptures (PROM), fetal death, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension and prenatal bleeding were obtained in this study. The results showed no significant relationship between inactive HB and these complications during pregnancy. Small amounts of P and chi-square and large amounts of I2 have revealed heterogeneity, which we are trying to modify using statistical methods such as subgroup analysis in this chapter. Conclusion: Inactive HB infection did not increase the risk of adverse effects in this study. In addition, well-designed tests should be performed to confirm the results.

Introdução: O recém-nascido (RN) é classificado como prematuro quando apresenta idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas e peso de nascimento igual ou abaixo de 2.550g. Devido à imaturidade do sistema respiratório, o neonato está sujeito a apresentar diversas complicações, dentre elas, as respiratórias, o que ocasiona o seu prolongamento na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN). A fisioterapia respiratória é de grande importância no tratamento e recuperação do RN através da aplicação de técnicas de higiene brônquica (HB). O estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da fisioterapia respiratória no recém-nascido prematuro publicados na literatura científica. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um a revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, LILACS, Medline, SciELO, SCOPUS e ISI Web of Knowledge, incluindo artigos publicados no período de 2007 a 2015. Oito artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. Resultados e Discussão: A atuação da fisioterapia respiratória foi analisada mediante os efeitos da aplicação das técnicas de HB mais utilizadas no recém-nascido pré-termo (RNPT), podendo destacar a tapotagem, vibrocompressão, drenagem postural e aspiração. Foram realizadas comparações para comprovar a eficácia e os possíveis efeitos colaterais que pudessem alterar o funcionamento da mecânica respiratória do RN. Os estudos mostraram a efetividade da fisioterapia respiratória e os efeitos das manobras na condição respiratória do neonato de risco. Conclusão: A fisioterapia tem um papel importante no cuidado ao recém-nascido pré-termo, mas necessita de mais estudos que comprovem sua eficácia e sua importância na melhora da condição de vida do neonato.Descritores: Recém-Nascido; Nascimento Prematuro; Fisioterapia.ReferênciasNikolovi V. Congenital malformations and perinatal mortality at the Saint Antoine University Obstetric. 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As plantas medicinais têm demonstrado elevado poder de cura em estado natural, além disso, esse conhecimento tradicional sobre o uso das plantas e de suas propriedades terapêuticas no combate a doenças vêm sendo transmitida entre as gerações. A busca por novos produtos com maior atividade terapêutica, tem estimulado a realização de pesquisas com produtos naturais no meio odontológico para o tratamento de doença periodontal. Logo, objetivou-se apresentar uma revisão da literatura de espécies vegetais como Malva Sylvestris, Vitis Vinífera e Punica Granatum, comuns do cotidiano no tratamento da periodontite. A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica decorrente da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro à presença de fatores microbianos, causando dano tecidual, resultando em formação de bolsas periodontais, reabsorção do osso alveolar, e perda de tecidos de sustentação. O estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo narrativa e foi realizada uma seleção de artigos científicos recuperados a partir das bases de dados: BVS Brasil (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Pubmed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) e Portal Periódico Capes no período de 05 a 28 de Fevereiro de 2018. Conclui-se que a Malva, Uva e Romã possuem ação terapêutica e estão entre os fitoterápicos com grande influência na cavidade bucal, que funcionam como auxiliares no tratamento de afecções orais sendo alternativas de fácil acesso, já que a atuação profissional frente à ação farmacológica dos vários medicamentos fitoterápicos e contraindicações tem sido importante nos últimos anos.Descritores: Fitoterapia; Plantas Medicinais; Periodontite.ReferênciasPasa M, Soares J, Guarim G. Estudo etnobotânico na comunidade de Conceição-Açu (alto da bacia do rio Aricá Açu, MT, Brasil). 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